201203659 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明關於用於對電池進行充電的方法和裝置。更特 別而言，該方法關於用於在沒有損壞電池或縮短其壽命的 情況下而縮短在充電前或在充電過程開始時具有低溫的（鐘 離子)電池的充電時間的方法。 【先前技術】 對於電池的短充電時間是在某些應用為期望，例如： 當電池對要被使用的電氣載具（vehkle)供電。然@，短充電 時間需要大電》，其具有對電池壽命的影響。此負面效應 甚至在電池溫度為較低時而提高，造成例如習知為電池内 的鐘電鍍的效應所引起之對於電池的損壞。 ， 【發明内容】 本發明之一個目的是提供一種用於對電池進行充電的 方法和裝置，尤指鋰離子電;也，減小在低起始溫度的充電 時間，且對電池壽命具有最小影響。 本發明之再一個目的是提供一種用以改善在某個既定 充電型態或使用方案下的電池壽命的方法。 本發明提出一種用於對電池進行充電的方法，包含： 與至少一個電氣載具通訊以接收電池資料；從電池知識庫 請求介於電池溫度與諸如電池壽命和充電速度的參數中的 至少一者之間的關係；基於該關係與從電氣載具所接收的 4 201203659 電池資料來計算最佳充電方法；基於計算的最佳充電方法 來決定是否要對電池加熱、對電池加熱或進行充電、或是 實行二者。 根據本發明之一種系統包含充電器，其連接到載具且 可與遠載具（更明確為電池的電池管理系統（BMS))通訊，藉 由诸如無線通訊系統的一些通道，透過充電纜線（單獨接點 或經由如同充電電流的相同接腳的通訊）或用於該通訊的任 何其他系統。於是，可從BMS得到電池溫度與其他電池資 料且基於此專溫度與電池資料來修正充電電流。 該種系統可透過資料處理方法之應用而使充電速度為 最佳化，資料處理方法在電池壽命、充電速度與電池溫度 之間作出折衷方案。資料處理裝置可在特別情況下決定電 池應首先經加熱且然後進行快速充電，因為此將比沒有加 熱的情況而給予較快速充電。201203659 VI. Description of the Invention: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for charging a battery. More particularly, the method is directed to a method for shortening the charging time of a low temperature (clock ion) battery before charging or at the beginning of a charging process without damaging the battery or shortening its life. [Prior Art] The short charging time for the battery is desirable in some applications, such as: When the battery is powered by an electrical vehicle to be used (vehkle). However, @, short charging time requires big power, which has an impact on battery life. This negative effect is increased even when the battery temperature is low, causing damage to the battery, for example, caused by the effect of clock plating in the battery. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for charging a battery, particularly lithium ion power; also, reducing charging time at low initial temperatures with minimal impact on battery life . It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a method for improving battery life under a given charging profile or usage regime. The present invention provides a method for charging a battery, comprising: communicating with at least one electrical carrier to receive battery data; requesting from the battery knowledge base at least one of a battery temperature and a parameter such as battery life and charging speed The relationship between the two; based on the relationship and the 4 201203659 battery data received from the electrical vehicle to calculate the optimal charging method; based on the calculated optimal charging method to determine whether to heat the battery, heat or charge the battery, or It is the implementation of both. A system in accordance with the present invention includes a charger coupled to the carrier and communicable with a remote carrier (battery management system (BMS), more specifically a battery), through some of the channels of the wireless communication system, through the charging cable (individual contacts or via communication of the same pin as the charging current) or any other system used for this communication. Thus, the battery temperature and other battery data can be obtained from the BMS and the charging current can be corrected based on the specific temperature and battery data. This system optimizes the charging speed through the application of data processing methods, and the data processing method makes a compromise between battery life, charging speed and battery temperature. The data processing device can in particular decide that the battery should be first heated and then quickly charged, as this will give a faster charging than if there is no heating.
电池而在電池中產生耗散能量 於是，耗散發生在 此不僅具有優點為熱量是確實在其所The battery generates dissipated energy in the battery. Therefore, dissipation occurs, which not only has the advantage that the heat is actually in its place.
不需要在電池與充電器 ’使得可得到高效率， ’而且具有優點為 者中之修改的任何附加硬體。 201203659There is no need for any additional hardware in the battery and charger to make it possible to achieve high efficiency, and which has the advantage of being modified. 201203659
的運接。此可為充電 DC匯流排（例如：當 ’·i尺典型在充電器與電池之間的連接 例如關於載具的導電連接器或DC匯: :吏用機載(。n-board)充電器或馬達控制器以供充幻。此外， 可使用電感耦合。此類的電感耦合已經供應AC電流，其可 用、對电池加熱。為此，整流器及’或低通濾波器可經接通 或斷開。 電池可為牽引（traction)電池，特別是鋰離子電池，且 更具體而言為磷酸鋰鐵(LiFeP〇4)電池。電池可具有刪， 其可變更或暫時斷開或改變到不同模式以接受pwM訊號。 此可藉由改變BMS的軟體而達成。電池可為用於峰值削取 的電網儲存緩衝器的部分者，特別是與載具充電站有關聯。 加熱亦可發生在充電期間、充電結束、及/或接近充電 結束時，以對其用於冷狀態的電池加熱，諸如冷天候、冷 儲存倉庫、高緯度、太空、在極地區域、夜間或接近諸： 在人造冰轨道上的冷卻機器。此外’經加熱的電池在使用Transport. This can be a charging DC bus (for example: when the 'i' is typically connected between the charger and the battery, for example with regard to the carrier's conductive connector or DC sink: : Use an onboard (.n-board) charger Or a motor controller for illusion. In addition, inductive coupling can be used. This type of inductive coupling already supplies AC current, which is available to heat the battery. To this end, the rectifier and 'or low-pass filter can be turned on or off. The battery may be a traction battery, particularly a lithium ion battery, and more specifically a lithium iron phosphate (LiFeP〇4) battery. The battery may have a deletion, which may be changed or temporarily disconnected or changed to different modes. To accept the pwM signal. This can be achieved by changing the software of the BMS. The battery can be part of the grid storage buffer for peak clipping, especially associated with the vehicle charging station. Heating can also occur during charging. At the end of charging, and/or near the end of charging, heat the battery for its cold state, such as cold weather, cold storage warehouse, high latitude, space, in the polar region, at night or near: on the artificial ice track But the machine. Also 'is heated using a battery
。舉例 W充電 電池溫度資訊可透過任何機構而通訊到控制器。 來說’資訊可透過充電親線從載具或電池而通訊到 201203659 〇α '貝汛可透過電腦網路而通訊，諸如：LAN或網際網路 連接。載具可經配備有無線通訊裝置，其將此資訊直接或 間接（例如：透過網際網路伺服器）通訊到充電器。 較佳而言，朝向電池的平均電流為正，用於加熱期間 對電池進行充電。此導致更短的整體充電時間、以及更大 的能量有效性。 為此目的之適合波形是單向DC電流。電流實際值可能 經改變，如將在下文所解說，但是能量流通僅為朝向電池， 使彳寸在加熱期間並未發生任何放電（耗費額外時間）。 為了得到可控制的單向電流，可應用脈衝寬度調變 (PWM)。此波形通常可由標準電池充電器所供應，且其引起 相當尚的耗散’因此促成快速的溫度上升，且結果為短的 充電時間。PWM的工作週期以及因此平均電流可於是為依 據電池溫度來控制。 有利的是，當使PWM脈衝的邊緣具圓角（r〇unding)時， 以避免或至少降低其歸因於諧波的電磁干擾。使脈衝具圓 角可藉由利用（寄生或内部）電容或電感而達成，但是更複雜 的（數位）充電設備可為可程式規劃以產生任何期望的波形。 除了脈衝PWM，還可應用脈衝密度調變（pDM)，且甚 至可想到使用正弦波的脈衝，再者可應用pwM (其於是例 如引起相位切割訊號）或PDM。波形的選取可取決於使用的 充電器、及對於要充電的電池的環境的特定諧波之靈敏度。 s平均電流可能為相依於電池的溫度，其可為基於起始 衣蜒'凰度與估計累積耗散而測量或估計。期望（平均）電流、 201203659 與作為估計累積耗散的期望（最大）溫度可進而從外部來源 (諸如：載具或電池管理系統）或具有電池特性的外部資料庫 所得到。 平均電流對溫度的相依性可對於各個特定電池而經調 適，但是較佳為至少在一個溫度區間，平均電流是對於每5 到15度且特別是約每1〇度的溫度升高而加倍。 當電池為高於臨限溫度，可應用恆定電流充電或遞減 (連續/非切換）電流充電，遞減電流充電是例如由恆定電壓 充電所得到。 僅由充電器的電池或電網規格所限制之在某個位準的 恆定電流充電導致最快速能量轉移為可能。恆定電流充電 可發生在PWM充電的峰值，但是ΡγΜ充電的峰值亦可能 經選取為高於恆定電流位準。此為可能，由於藉著其包含 無電流區間的PWM訊號，構件（尤其是充電器的彼等者）= 經操作為高於其最大值，其通常為對於恆定電流電壓或 功率而確定。 根據本發明，當電池溫度超過高臨限溫度或預定電壓 或預定充電狀態或預定充電時間，可應用電流降低。電流 降低通常導致在電池内的減小耗散。㈣，避免充電過： 期間的溫度過高。此類的電流降低可藉由應用恒定電壓（C力 充電或悝定溫度充電所達成。 本發明更提出一種電池充電設備，其構成以實行如上 所述的方法。該種充電設備可為可程式規劃或可控制的充 電設備。 8 201203659 當應用PWM，該種設備可為高於其標稱位準而操作， 由於PWM包含低電流的時間槽，其中構件可冷卻而致使能 夠承受在導通電流的時間槽中的較高峰值。 還可能將電池充電設備構成以在同一時間對複數個電 池進行充電，其中，當對於第一載具的PWM訊號為低時， 對於第二載具的PWM訊號是設定為高。於是，充電器的輸 出疋在要充電的電池之間切換。在此情況可達到的實際電 流位準是取決於充電器在對複數個電池進行充電時的總工 乍週d還可忐在電池的充電電流、與用於該電池的加熱 凡件之間切換。藉此，可達到最佳充電時間。 【實施方式】 用於與電氣載具的電池交換能量的系統和方法、以及 在系統中使用的能量交換站、資料處理裝置和組態裝置是 在台灣專利巾請㈣丨咖5742號中揭示，此件台灣專利 申請案是以參照方式將其整體納入本文。 圖U顯示根據本發明的—種系統的第—示意概觀2。 :系統的最簡單實施例包含充電器4,其連接到載具3且可 7載具（更明確為電池的BMS)通訊，藉由諸如無線通訊系 ♦的-些通道，透過充電I線5 (單獨接點或是經由如同充 2流的相同接腳的通訊)或用於該通訊的任何其他系統。 電：：可從得到電池溫度，且基於此等溫度來… 的路…主 兄電益具有局部儲存關於此低選 所有料與演算法，且可自主決定應用此等者。對於舞 201203659 如選擇標準充雷雷'ώ 心. L以及載具優先化的其他任務，仍可連 接到达知飼服器。 #用1^ 4還可能具有縮減的局部情報與資料儲存。要 卢…、的决疋疋由遇端決策與儲存設施6 (以 虛線顯不）所作成，而且對 對於此肩算法的所有參數是藉由此 施所“及決定。此具有優點為充電器可作成更便宜， ==少的邏輯與f料儲存。此外，“領域的諸多 失數僅嘗試一次升級，由於對於演算法的編碼與 處作替代’而非所有充電器均須為分別升級。 甚者，充電器可經連接到溫度感測裝置7，其可整入在 :池中、或形成電池管理系統的一部分。在另—個實施例 ，缺少選用式的溫度感測裝置’且充電器不能從載且的 :到實際溫度。在此實施例(其可能無關於遠端祠服器 ㈣在而運作），電池的溫度將必須基於其他方法而估計或 測量。此等方法可為下列方法中的一者或組合： •使用由充電器所測量的周圍溫度。較佳而言，在此 處，估計是藉由其針對於提高可靠度而將環境溫度與電池 溫度相關聯的統計資料所支援。模型化由充電電流所引起 的電池溫度變化之精破模型是必需以在充電過 估計為準確； β •使用-些紅外線感測裝置以測量由汽車的電池部分 所散發的熱量； •若不論什麼理由均無法得到局部溫度測量，則從遠 端伺服器可得到的天氣測量或預報可被用於溫度估計。此 10 201203659 外，對於此解決方式，將較佳具有介於周圍溫度 度之間的一些種類的統計關係.； •在電池的内部電阻與其溫度之間可作 —曰雷分刑★ σ 種關係。 一也型式為已知，就可估計其溫 與健康狀態（SOH)為已知，萨 疋田其年齡 電壓上升(或下降)以作為用二:力某預疋電流且测量瞬間 )作為用於溫度估計的基礎； •當汽車的軸送回多個溫度值，此等值的平均值、 最大值或最小值可祐蚀田& & … 了破使用作為用於充電演算法的輸入一 在多個溫度值之間的差異為已知，演算法可經設計以料 ，、將不曰對電池中的最溫暖部分進行過度加熱，甚至a杏 其他部：的低溫仍然將限制平均充電電流時亦如此；疋- 田知道愈多關於電池組的構成以及不同溫度的相對 位置：上述的平均值可為經加權的平均值，其中加權可為 基於感測器位置的知識、充電演算法的最佳性知識、或1 他先前的知識。此電池資料還可與周圍溫度值作結合，舉 例來：’用於平均來自電池組中心的一個溫度值與周圍溫 度以得到在電池組中的平均溫度。 在電池上A行低頻p WM訊號的方法可用諸多方式來 貫她，而無損本發明的實質。下列者含有PWM系統的可能 實施例： 八有DC輸出的功率轉換器之輸出可藉由電驛（re]ay) 所連接及從電池所斷開。. Example W Charging Battery temperature information can be communicated to the controller through any mechanism. In fact, the information can be communicated from the vehicle or battery through the charging line to 201203659. 〇α' Bellow can communicate via the computer network, such as LAN or Internet connection. The vehicle can be equipped with a wireless communication device that communicates this information directly or indirectly (eg via an internet server) to the charger. Preferably, the average current towards the battery is positive for charging the battery during heating. This results in shorter overall charging times and greater energy efficiency. A suitable waveform for this purpose is a unidirectional DC current. The actual current value may be varied, as will be explained below, but the energy flow is only towards the battery, so that no discharge occurs during heating (adding extra time). To achieve a controlled unidirectional current, pulse width modulation (PWM) can be applied. This waveform is typically supplied by a standard battery charger and it causes considerable dissipation' thus contributing to a rapid temperature rise and the result is a short charging time. The duty cycle of the PWM and hence the average current can then be controlled based on the battery temperature. Advantageously, when the edges of the PWM pulses are rounded, electromagnetic interference due to harmonics is avoided or at least reduced. Making the pulsing angle can be achieved by utilizing (parasitic or internal) capacitance or inductance, but more complex (digital) charging devices can be programmed to produce any desired waveform. In addition to pulsed PWM, pulse density modulation (pDM) can be applied, and even sinusoidal pulses can be used, and pwM (which, for example, causes phase-cut signals) or PDM can be applied. The choice of waveform can depend on the charger used and the sensitivity of the particular harmonics of the environment of the battery to be charged. The s average current may be dependent on the temperature of the battery, which may be measured or estimated based on the initial 蜒 凰 与 and estimated cumulative dissipation. The expected (average) current, 201203659 and the expected (maximum) temperature as the estimated cumulative dissipation can in turn be obtained from an external source (such as a vehicle or battery management system) or an external database with battery characteristics. The average current to temperature dependence may be adapted for each particular cell, but preferably at least in one temperature interval, the average current is doubled for every 5 to 15 degrees and especially about 1 degree of temperature rise. When the battery is above the threshold temperature, constant current charging or decrementing (continuous/non-switching) current charging can be applied, which is obtained, for example, by constant voltage charging. Constant current charging at a certain level, limited only by the battery or grid specifications of the charger, results in the fastest energy transfer possible. Constant current charging can occur at the peak of the PWM charge, but the peak value of the ΡγΜ charge may also be selected to be higher than the constant current level. This is possible, since the components (especially those of the charger) = operate above their maximum value by their PWM signals containing no current intervals, which are typically determined for constant current voltage or power. According to the present invention, the current reduction can be applied when the battery temperature exceeds a high threshold temperature or a predetermined voltage or a predetermined state of charge or a predetermined charging time. Current reduction typically results in reduced dissipation within the battery. (D), to avoid charging: The temperature during the period is too high. The current reduction of this type can be achieved by applying a constant voltage (C-force charging or grading temperature charging. The present invention further provides a battery charging apparatus configured to carry out the method as described above. The charging apparatus can be programmable Planning or controllable charging equipment 8 201203659 When PWM is applied, the device can operate above its nominal level, since the PWM contains a low current time slot in which the components can be cooled to withstand the conduction current Higher peaks in the time slot. It is also possible to configure the battery charging device to charge a plurality of batteries at the same time, wherein when the PWM signal for the first carrier is low, the PWM signal for the second carrier is Set to high. Therefore, the output of the charger is switched between the batteries to be charged. The actual current level achievable in this case depends on the total work cycle of the charger when charging multiple batteries. It can switch between the charging current of the battery and the heating element used for the battery. Thereby, the optimal charging time can be achieved. The system and method for exchanging energy of a battery, and the energy exchange station, data processing device and configuration device used in the system are disclosed in Taiwan Patent No. 4, No. 5742, which is based on the Taiwan patent application. The manner of which is incorporated herein in its entirety. Figure U shows a first schematic overview of a system according to the invention 2. The simplest embodiment of the system comprises a charger 4 connected to the carrier 3 and 7 carriers (more specific BMS) communication for the battery, through some channels such as the wireless communication system, through the charging I line 5 (individual contacts or via the same pin as the charging of 2 streams) or any other for the communication System: Electricity:: From the battery temperature, and based on the temperature... The main brother and the power have a local storage of all the materials and algorithms for this low selection, and can decide to apply this. For the dance 201203659 If you choose the standard charge Lei Lei 'ώ心. L and other tasks prioritized by the vehicle, you can still connect to the Zhizhi service device. #用1^4 may also have reduced local information and data storage. Decision It is made by the decision-making and storage facility 6 (shown by the dotted line), and all the parameters for the shoulder algorithm are “and decided by this.” This has the advantage that the charger can be made cheaper, == less The logic and f material storage. In addition, "there are many upgrades in the field, only try to upgrade once, because the coding and processing of the algorithm is replaced" instead of all the chargers have to be upgraded separately. Moreover, the charger can be connected To the temperature sensing device 7, which can be integrated into the pool or form part of the battery management system. In another embodiment, the optional temperature sensing device is absent and the charger cannot be loaded from: Actual temperature. In this embodiment (which may not operate with respect to the remote server (4)), the temperature of the battery will have to be estimated or measured based on other methods. These methods may be one or a combination of the following: • Use the ambient temperature measured by the charger. Preferably, here, the estimate is supported by statistics relating the ambient temperature to the battery temperature for increasing reliability. Modeling the model of the battery temperature change caused by the charging current is necessary to estimate the accuracy of the charge; β • Use some infrared sensing devices to measure the heat emitted by the battery part of the car; • If whatever For reasons that local temperature measurements are not available, weather measurements or forecasts available from the remote server can be used for temperature estimation. In addition to this 10 201203659, for this solution, it will be better to have some kind of statistical relationship between the ambient temperature.; • Between the internal resistance of the battery and its temperature - 曰 Thunder division σ relationship . Once the type is known, it can be estimated that its temperature and health state (SOH) is known, and its age voltage rises (or falls) as the use of two: force pre-current and measurement instant) as temperature The basis of the estimate; • When the axle of the car is sent back to multiple temperature values, the average, maximum or minimum value of the equivalents can be used to etch the field && ... broken use as input for the charging algorithm The difference between multiple temperature values is known, and the algorithm can be designed to overheat the warmest part of the battery, even the other part of the apricot: the low temperature will still limit the average charging current. The same is true; 疋-Tian knows more about the composition of the battery pack and the relative position of different temperatures: the above average value can be a weighted average, where the weighting can be based on sensor position knowledge, the most accurate charging algorithm Good knowledge, or 1 his previous knowledge. This battery data can also be combined with ambient temperature values, for example: 'Use to average one temperature value from the center of the battery pack to the ambient temperature to get the average temperature in the battery pack. The method of A-line low frequency p WM signal on the battery can be used in a number of ways without departing from the essence of the invention. The following may contain possible embodiments of a PWM system: The output of a power converter with eight DC outputs can be connected and disconnected from the battery by a power supply (re).
為了避免磨損’該電驛可由固態電驛、MOSFET、IGBT 或其他半導體技術來取代。 11 201203659 •由於該功率轉換器可能容易受到由上述切換裝置所 引起的損壞’ PWM訊號可藉由將低功率pwM訊號施加到 功率轉換器的控制輸入所產生。 •當所使用的功率轉換器是由機載充電器所實施，本 發明的構想仍然可藉由將被饋送到機載充電器的ac電流 接通及斷開而應用。必須留意的I ’機載充電器其本身未 應用-些溫度修正，由於此可能不必要地提高充電時間。 若用於得到溫度測量的上述方法均不存在，則可能間 接導出溫度，由於電池的j_v特性隨著其溫度而改變。此實 施例略過溫度的測量且僅僅使用高充電電流。冑因於較高 的内部電p且’將較早達到某個電壓臨限。當功率轉換器在 此限為切離，且在其為再次接通前而實施某個時間延 遲，溫度相依PWM脈衝充電的構想為仍然無損，但是溫度 感測為免除。為了電流的確定、時間延遲的確定與電流的 致動，在沒有根本變更本發明構想的情況下，可運用來自 上述的實施例的構想。 圖1 b顯示用於實行根據本發明的方法之—種系統的第 二示意概觀8’其中DC電源供應器（充電器）9被耦接到電 .罔或DC匯流排1 〇。電池1 j的BMS j 2感測電池的溫度且 將此資訊傳遞到充電器9。此充電器9是經擴增為具有溫度 充電控制器（TCC)13eTCCl3識別BMS12且設定DC電源 供應器的電流與電壓。TCC 13是基於溫度與電池型式而決 定PWM工作週期應為何者，且控制DC電源供應器9而因 此接通及斷開。PWM工作週期是基於關於電池溫度的充電 12 201203659 電流的指數衰減而確定。 在夕個電池為充電的一個實施例中，若對於一個載具 的電力為“接通”而對於其他載具為“切斷”.，二或多個 載具可用單一個電源所充電。 圖2a到2f顯示運用本發明的系統的流程圖。 圖2a顯示一個實施例，其中系統可透過資料處理方法 之；C用而使充電速度為最佳化，資料處理方法是在電池壽 印充電速度與電池溫度之間作出折衷方案。在此特定 實施例巾的資料處理裝置決定電池應先經加熱且然後進行 决速充包，因為如此將比在無預熱情況下給予較快速充電。 圖2b顯示一個實施例，其中系統可透過資料處理方法 之應用而使電池哥命為最佳4匕，資料處理方法是在電池壽 〇P充電速度、與電池溫度之間作出折衷方案。在此特定 Λ她例的貝料處理裝置決定電池應先經預熱且然後進行快 速充電，因為如此將比在沒有預熱的情況下而致能較長的 電池壽命。 圖2c顯示一個實施例，其中系統可透過資料處理方法 之應用而使充電速度為最佳化，資料處理方法是在電池壽 印充电速度、與電池溫度之間作出折衷方案。在此特定 只她例中的資料處理裝置初始決定慢速充電為足夠，但當 來自服務提供者的輸入為經接收時而決定加速充電，藉由 初始應用短暫的電池預熱且然後為加速的快速充電。 圖2d顯示—個實施例’其中系統可透過資料處理方法 之應用而使充電速度為最佳化，資料處理方法是在電池壽 13 201203659 〇p充電速度、與電池溫度之間作出折衷方案。在此特定 實施例中的資料處理裝置初始決定慢速充電為足夠，但當 來自公用電網參數的輸入為經接收時而決定加速充電，藉 由初始應用短暫的電池預熱且然後為加速的快速充電。 圖2e顯示—個實施例’其中系統可透過資料處理方法 之應用而使充電速度為最佳π，資料處理方法是在電池壽 命、充電速度.、與電池溫度之間作出折衷方案。在此特定 實施例中的資料處理裝置初始決定慢速充電為^夠，但當 來自公用電網參數的輸入為經接收時而決定加速充電，藉 由初始應用短暫的電池預熱且然後為加速的快速充電。 圖2f顯示一個實施例，其中能量交換站具有超過一個 輸出且可基於資料處理方法之應用而使在二個輸出的充電 為最佳化’資料處理方法是在電池壽命、充電速度'與電 池溫度之間作出折衷方案。 圖3 a顯示在根據本發明之電池充電期間的電流的示意 充電曲線。充電曲線包含三個下述的模式。低溫模式 A，其中電池被加熱。圖la示意顯示在模式A期間，電流 波形不-定必須為方波。正常充電模式β，其中穩定的充電 電流是經使用而不產生超過無法避免的損失。高溫模式c， 其中電池電流被降低以防止電池為過熱。穩定（遞減）的充電 電流是經使用而不產生超過無法避免的損失。 低溫PWM模式A是典型在充電過程的開始或早期。意 圖對電池加熱《電池亦在此階段期間進行充電。阿瑞尼斯 定律（Arrhenius’s law)陳述在電池中的化學過裎為強烈相依 201203659 於溫度。可炎 ；至〉凰在30分鐘期間進行充電的電池I法 較低溫度那麼怏祛 _ ; 的。广 夹連進仃充電。企圖此舉可能會造成對電池 才貝裒因此，在充電開始時對電池加熱致使能夠較快速 ，電尤其，對於在溫度每攝氏10度下降而約為除以二 *平句充電屯流提供良好結果。舉例來說於攝氏Μ度， 电ζ也疋以16 Α進行充電。於攝& 10度，電池是以8 Α進行 充電’於攝氏〇度，電池是以4 A進行充電：於攝氏零下 b 4池是以2 A進行充電；且於攝氏零下20度，電池 疋乂 1 A I丁充電；諸如此類。此函數可藉由使用其他的 函數而為近似’諸如：步進或多項式、線性或量角函數。 相較於使用AC t流，使用低溫p WM來對電池加熱的 禅益是在於此模式可使用其為通常在充電器中所使用的構 件而實行。 相較於使用大充電電流，使用低溫pwM來對電池加熱 的裨益是在於當使用PWM充電時將降低對於電池的損壞。 當使用大電流，内部的電池電壓將上升而損壞電池。 使用PWM充電將造成較低的電壓.，因為平均電流為較低。 此當同時對電池加熱時而產生在電池上的較少應變。 在一個實施例中，使脈衝具圓角以降低電磁干擾。脈 衝可為正弦波。脈衝的圓角化（r〇undness)可藉由控制充電電 流所產生’而不是仰賴低通濾波器。 在另一個實施例中，充電脈衝的高度可作成高於構件 (例如：功率轉換器、纜線、充電連接器）的規格，因為構件 具有歸因於PWM而用來冷卻的休止期間。以此方式，在未 15 201203659 將構件磨損超過無法避免的情況下， 观的工作週期而使用在175Αβ 的充電-可以 可以(因更為二：期此情況將出現在低的周圍溫度，充電器還 此;^額定而經使用’因為周圍空氣溫度較低。 構件力孰還可被用以對充電器的構件或載具的其他 冷天氣時操縱。 “其更為可撓性且更容易在 若電Si能使用充電器裝置在電池之間切換充電電流。 :池：者僅具有一個大電池的一半容量，充電電流亦為 因此，充電連接器、纜線與充電器可為較小。 中。期的頻率是通常在0.01 Hzai〇〇kHz的範圍 且使用儘離子電池而"，低頻率是有利以防止（寄生）電容 =用儘可能多的真實歐姆電阻。過低頻率將造成過高的 電壓上升而損壞電池。 工作週期的頻率‘心。"的時間）還可經選取以匹配充 電器的響應時間。舉例來說，充電器的爬升(ramp_up)時間 疋一秒鐘，可使用0.1 ΗΖ的頻率。 低溫PWM模式通常隨後為模式Β，其中充電電流不受 溫度所限制。在典型情形中’穩定的充電電流是經使用而 不產生超過無法避免的損失。在此模式中，電流可能仍舛 :著溫度而升高，但是工作週期不存在。此為特別有用， 當電流足夠大以對電池加熱且在此情形的pwM將造成過高 的溫度或對於充電過程稍後階段的過高溫度。 在第三模式C’電流為逐漸降低以阻止在電池中產生熱 16 201203659 量。關於使用P WM以降低（丰 斗低（千均）充電電流，PWM引入 池中的不必要損失’而降 牧電 降低電流之目的是要降低損失。告 溫度對於充電系統是主要沾Μ n 士 田 後為模式C。 要的限制因素時’模…直接隨 充電器的（部分）充電輸出遽波器可在使用模式 ^時而經重新組態以致能較佳的pwM性能。重新組丁 藉由將濾波器部分者# @ > ' Τ 苓方通而達成《此可藉由使用將電 及，或電容器㈣斷開的開關(例如電釋、電晶體)而心 另個實知例具有隔㈣^ f ^ & I㈣心 流（galvanic)隔離為維持。 电 構件而並不重要。重要的 Μ㈣到的 、&:在載具或充電器中的隔離谓 測疋在充電期間為（暫時、林 ^ 了）不肊。此因為隔離監視器可成 到脈衝電流所混淆。 θ又 另一個實施例使用雷、冰雷网 tju φ /電壓、阻抗、或頻率響應作為 用來調節PWM的一鍤古_v « t 雷^種方式。阻抗可藉由將AC電流或AC 作為阻抗測量。“尤其，而其本身可被使用 :例來说，在pWM接通階段，電壓上升是經監視。當 電塵跨過某個臨限，電 電，1L被降低或設疋為零。電壓於是將 日± ^ —段時間期間過後或當電壓下降為低於一個臨限 卞，電k被切換回到再次為接通。 圖b μ貝不一個情況，其中溫度在充電期間為下降（例如 知因於低的環培，θ谇 兄恤度），且充電切換回到pwM，如 以D所指示。 17 201203659 。圖4a顯示根據本發明的一種系統的又一個示意圖】“ ^可為微控制器、（網頁）饲服器、功率轉換器16的 邛。刀（諸如.半導體驅動器或其用以控制半導體驅動器的 電：器件)。控制器15可為類比或數位電路，諸如：多諧振 動器夕蟲振動器可藉由取決於(電池)溫度而改變時間常數 與振幅所控制，例如藉由改變電阻器或電容器的值。尤其， 多諧振動器的電阻器中的一或多者可為NTc、pTc、或電晶 體(例如：場效電晶體)’或是電容器中的一或多者可為可變 電容器（變容器）。 PTC與NTC可被使用為取決於（電池）溫度以改變多諧 振動器.的行為（例如因& PTC # NTC被置放接近或在電池 内）。電晶體與變容器為電壓相依且可被使用為取決於電池 電壓以改變多諧振動器的行為，電池電壓可為電池溫度的 才曰不。對此，電池電壓可傳遞到AM情測電路。此等構件 可為接近或在電池17内，而電路的其餘部分為接近充電器 (其可能在載具外側）。電池17具有溫度18，其為由溫度感 測器19所確定，溫度感測器19將感測值傳送到控制器 圖4b顯示控制器15可如何為模糊（fuzzy)邏輯電路或 其具有模糊邏輯程式規劃的邏輯電路。取決於參數（例如： 恤度、電壓、設定電流）的隸屬（membership)，可實施不同 或組合的控制演算法，例如：包含自圖3a與3b的模式A、 B與C。 控制器15可使用訓練資料或真實生活情況來作訓練。 控制器1 5可因此最佳包含一種適應系統，諸如：神經網路 18 201203659 控制器可為雲端運算網路的一部分。。 且/或將對於部分決策的解決方二：=其本身的決策 可“或使用資料庫’其擁有關於載具、雷制^ 15 的資訊。 電池與％境參數 圖4c顯示一個實施例2〇，其 結構可具有對於不同充電模式/階段的方塊:—的:事體= 溫度變化)可使得系統切換操作在其他模式中的一或二如 圖切顯示另一個實施例21，其中電流控制從（選用式） =或軟體得到輸人，基於種種的因素而改變電流。_ 來况’低溫模組可改變電流的工作週期。在正常溫度下， 工作週期為10〇%(全電流），但在較低溫度，工作=成為 ，小、溫控制可在如果發生高溫時而降低電流值（振幅）。 尚電壓控制模組可在如果發生高電壓（怪定電壓充電）時而 降低充電電流。時間目標模組可在如果載具不急著離開時 而降低電Α。用純與高溫控制的模組可為用力溫度控制 的單一個模組。 控制器可使用網路連接（例如：TCp/Ip)而經連接到功率 轉換器。在控制器與功率轉換器之間的連.接可為類比式， 諸如.直接P WM控制訊號或參數式（〇_ i 〇 v用於振幅且〇_ i 〇 V用於工作週期及/或頻率）。在控制器與功率轉換器之間的 連接可為數位控制，諸如：RS232、RS485、I2C、CAN或 SPI。在控制器與功率轉換器之間的連接可為提供參數訊號 (0-100%用於振幅且0_100〇/〇用於工作週期）的PWM控制。控 制器可直接控制一個開關（例如：電驛或半導體）控制訊號， 19 201203659 其切換功率轉換器的輪入或輸出電流。此可在載 而功率轉換器的其餘者是在載具内或外。在控制器 :換器之間的連接可為光學式(例如：使用咖或光耦合 器）。此為特別關注在維持電流隔離。控制器可控制二 率轉換器在二個載具之間切換的一個開關。’以此…可 使用單一個功率轉換器來對多個載具進行充電。 功率轉換器可在載具内或在充電站或另外型式的充電 器中。功率轉換器可為—般電源供應胃，諸如：切換模式 電源供應器。電源供應器可為相位控制調光器。 ‘圖4e顯示如何使用此類的調光器來提供基本方式以改 爰脈衝電流的頻率（藉由跳過一些相位脈衝）與振幅。 。。諸如上述的調光器、焊接變壓器或低成本的電源供應, 器之不穩疋的電源供應器可被使用以產生pWM訊號。選用 而呂，當+ f要任何PWM日寺，可經接通或斷開的穩定階段 可被附加以穩定功率。I系統可包括為了穩定電流的穩定 電源供應器以及用來產生pWM訊號的任一種訊號產生器。 PWM可為由馬達控制器所產纟，馬達控制器可作用為充電 電路或其—部分。 圖4f顯示一個實施例22，其中PWM可透過電容器從 '罔路所耦接進入，或是一個替代實施例23，其中變壓器可 經接通或斷開。 圖5顯示對於不同值的充電速度所描繪介於電池壽命 ' /、電池度之間的關係。電池退化可區分為被動退化 與主動退化’被動退化是主要在高溫範圍，而主動退化是 20 201203659 主要在低溫範圍。被動退化是當電池未使用時而發 型式的退化是因為諸如在電池中的擴散或氧化之過矛。。= 較高溫為加速。對此的理由是在：化學過程在較高：為進 行地較快速’以提高氧化與擴散速度。主動退化是因為電 池的使用而發生，I在較高溫時為減速。對此的理由’ 於：化學過程在較高溫為進行地較快速，使得f池為^ 易進行充電及放電。此意指的是，在充電期間提高溫度將 使電池退化降低。如可由圖5所看出，具有對於各個充電 速度的一個最佳溫唐，t卜畀杜 的臨限溫度。 ^佳'·度可《取作為對於加熱 所有貝知例均要被解讀為僅是舉例。本發明的 在隨附的申請專利範圍中所界定。 【圊式簡單說明】 本电明業已關於非限制性的圖式而更詳細闡明，其中 圖1a ” lb顯不應用本發明的系統的示意概觀圖； 圖2汪到2 f顯子遥田| 、運用本發明的系統的流程圖； 圖3a與3b顯示對於椒 、根據本發明的電池的充電電流； 圖4 a到4 f县茛千士尽缺士 …^、根據本發明的PWM轉換器的實施例； 圖5顯示對於雷、a '的數個哥命週期曲線圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 2 201203659 4 充電器 5 充電纜線 6 遠端決策與儲存設施 7 溫度感測裝置 8 系統之第二示意概觀 9 DC電源供應器（充電器） 10 電網或DC匯流排 11 電池 12 電池管理系統（BMS) 13 溫度充電控制器（TCC) 14 系統之另一示意概觀 15 控制器 ’ 16 功率轉換器 17 電池 18 溫度 19 溫度感測器 20 具有硬體或軟體結構之實施例 21 具有電流控制之另一實施例 22 具有PWM之實施例 23 具有變壓器之替代實施例 22To avoid wear, the power can be replaced by solid state MOSFETs, MOSFETs, IGBTs or other semiconductor technologies. 11 201203659 • Since the power converter may be susceptible to damage caused by the switching device described above, the PWM signal can be generated by applying a low power pwM signal to the control input of the power converter. • When the power converter used is implemented by an onboard charger, the inventive concept can still be applied by turning the ac current fed to the onboard charger on and off. It must be noted that the I''s on-board charger itself does not apply some temperature corrections, as this may unnecessarily increase the charging time. If none of the above methods for obtaining the temperature measurement exist, the temperature may be derived indirectly, since the j_v characteristic of the battery changes with its temperature. This embodiment skips the measurement of temperature and uses only high charging current.胄Because of the higher internal power p and 'will reach a certain voltage threshold earlier. When the power converter is cut off at this limit and a certain time delay is implemented before it is turned back on, the concept of temperature dependent PWM pulse charging is still intact, but the temperature sensing is exempt. For the determination of the current, the determination of the time delay, and the actuation of the current, the concept from the above-described embodiment can be applied without fundamentally changing the concept of the present invention. Figure 1 b shows a second schematic overview 8' of a system for carrying out the method according to the invention in which a DC power supply (charger) 9 is coupled to an electrical or DC busbar 1 . The BMS j 2 of the battery 1 j senses the temperature of the battery and passes this information to the charger 9. This charger 9 is a current and voltage that is amplified to have a temperature charge controller (TCC) 13eTCCl3 to identify the BMS 12 and set the DC power supply. The TCC 13 determines the PWM duty cycle based on the temperature and battery type, and controls the DC power supply 9 to be turned on and off. The PWM duty cycle is determined based on the exponential decay of the current based on the charge of the battery 12 201203659. In one embodiment where the battery is charged, if the power to one carrier is "on" and the other vehicle is "off", two or more carriers can be charged with a single power source. Figures 2a through 2f show a flow chart of a system in which the present invention is applied. Fig. 2a shows an embodiment in which the system can be optimized by means of a data processing method; C is used to optimize the charging speed, and the data processing method is a compromise between the battery life charging speed and the battery temperature. The data processing apparatus of this particular embodiment determines that the battery should be heated first and then taped, as this will result in faster charging than without preheating. Figure 2b shows an embodiment in which the system can optimize the battery life through the application of the data processing method. The data processing method is a compromise between the battery life P charging speed and the battery temperature. In this particular case, the beaker handling device determines that the battery should be preheated and then quickly charged, as this would result in longer battery life than without preheating. Figure 2c shows an embodiment in which the system optimizes the charging speed through the application of a data processing method that provides a compromise between battery charging speed and battery temperature. In this particular case, only the data processing device in her case initially determines that slow charging is sufficient, but when the input from the service provider is received, the accelerated charging is determined, by initial application of a short battery warm-up and then accelerated. fast charging. Fig. 2d shows an embodiment in which the system optimizes the charging speed by the application of the data processing method, and the data processing method is a compromise between the charging speed of the battery and the battery temperature. The data processing apparatus in this particular embodiment initially determines that slow charging is sufficient, but determines that the charging is accelerated when the input from the utility grid parameter is received, by initial application of a brief battery warm-up and then for rapid acceleration. Charging. Fig. 2e shows an embodiment where the system can optimize the charging speed by the application of the data processing method, and the data processing method is a compromise between battery life, charging speed, and battery temperature. The data processing apparatus in this particular embodiment initially determines that slow charging is sufficient, but when the input from the utility grid parameter is received, the accelerated charging is determined, by initial application of a brief battery warm-up and then accelerated. fast charging. Figure 2f shows an embodiment in which the energy exchange station has more than one output and can optimize the charging of the two outputs based on the application of the data processing method. 'Data processing methods are at battery life, charging speed' and battery temperature Make a compromise between the two. Figure 3a shows a schematic charging curve for current during charging of a battery in accordance with the present invention. The charging curve contains three modes as described below. Low temperature mode A, where the battery is heated. Figure la shows schematically that during mode A, the current waveform must not be a square wave. The normal charging mode β, in which a stable charging current is used, does not result in an unavoidable loss. High temperature mode c, where the battery current is reduced to prevent the battery from overheating. Stable (decreasing) charging current is used without causing more than unavoidable losses. Low temperature PWM mode A is typically at the beginning or early of the charging process. It is intended to heat the battery. The battery is also charged during this phase. Arrhenius’s law states that the chemical enthalpy in the battery is strongly dependent on the temperature of 201203659. Inflammable; to the battery of the phoenix charging during the 30 minutes period, the lower temperature is so 怏祛 _ ; Wide clips are connected to the charging. Attempts to do this may cause the battery to be blessed. Therefore, heating the battery at the beginning of charging can make it faster, especially for a temperature drop of 10 degrees Celsius, which is about 2 watts of charge turbulence. result. For example, in Celsius, the eMule is also charged at 16 Α. At 10 degrees Celsius & 10 degrees, the battery is charged at 8 ' 'at Celsius', the battery is charged at 4 A: at 0 ° C, the pool is charged at 2 A; and at minus 20 degrees Celsius, the battery is 疋乂1 AI Ding charging; and so on. This function can be approximated by using other functions such as step or polynomial, linear or angular functions. The Zen benefit of using a low temperature p WM to heat the battery compared to the use of an AC t stream is that it can be used in this mode as a component typically used in chargers. The benefit of using a low temperature pwM to heat the battery compared to using a large charging current is that the damage to the battery will be reduced when using PWM charging. When a large current is used, the internal battery voltage will rise and damage the battery. Using PWM charging will result in a lower voltage. Because the average current is lower. This results in less strain on the battery when the battery is heated at the same time. In one embodiment, the pulses are rounded to reduce electromagnetic interference. The pulse can be a sine wave. The filleting of the pulse can be produced by controlling the charging current instead of relying on the low pass filter. In another embodiment, the height of the charging pulse can be made higher than the specifications of the component (e.g., power converter, cable, charging connector) because the component has a rest period for cooling due to PWM. In this way, in the case where the component wear is more than unavoidable in 15 201203659, the charging cycle of 175 Αβ can be used for the duty cycle (may be more: this will occur at low ambient temperature, charger Also; ^ rated and used 'because the ambient air temperature is low. The component force can also be used to manipulate the cold components of the charger's components or vehicles. "It's more flexible and easier to If the electric Si can use the charger device to switch the charging current between the batteries. : Pool: Only one half of the capacity of a large battery, the charging current is also, therefore, the charging connector, cable and charger can be smaller. The frequency of the period is usually in the range of 0.01 Hzai kHz and the ion battery is used ", low frequency is beneficial to prevent (parasitic) capacitance = use as much true ohmic resistance as possible. too low frequency will cause too high The voltage rises and damages the battery. The frequency of the duty cycle 'heart." can also be selected to match the response time of the charger. For example, the climb time of the charger r ramp_up time 疋For one second, a frequency of 0.1 可 can be used. The low temperature PWM mode is usually followed by mode Β, where the charging current is not limited by temperature. In the typical case, 'stable charging current is used without causing more than unavoidable losses. In this mode, the current may still 舛: rise with temperature, but the duty cycle does not exist. This is especially useful when the current is large enough to heat the battery and in this case pwM will cause excessive temperature or for charging The process is overheated at a later stage. In the third mode, the C' current is gradually reduced to prevent the generation of heat in the battery. 16 201203659. About using P WM to reduce (Fengbu low (thousands) charge current, PWM introduction pool The unnecessary loss in the 'there is the purpose of lowering the current to reduce the loss. The temperature is mainly for the charging system n. After the Shi Tian is the mode C. The limiting factor is when the 'module... directly with the charger ( Part) The charging output chopper can be reconfigured to use the mode ^ to achieve better pwM performance. Re-grouping by filtering the part # @ > ' Τ 苓By the way, "this can be done by using a switch that disconnects electricity and/or capacitor (4) (such as electro-release, transistor). Another example is that there is a separation (4) ^ f ^ & I (four) galvanic isolation It is not important to maintain the electrical components. The important Μ(4) to, &: the isolation in the vehicle or the charger is (temporary, forested) during charging. This is because the isolation monitor It can be confused with the pulse current. Another embodiment uses the lightning, ice-throttle tju φ / voltage, impedance, or frequency response as an _v « t ray method for adjusting PWM. By measuring AC current or AC as impedance. “In particular, it can be used by itself: for example, during the pWM turn-on phase, the voltage rise is monitored. When the electric dust crosses a certain threshold, the electric power, 1L is lowered or set to zero. The voltage will then Day ± ^ - After the period of time or when the voltage drops below a threshold, the electric k is switched back to again. Figure b μ is not a case where the temperature drops during charging (eg In the case of a low loop, the charge is switched back to pwM, as indicated by D. 17 201203659. Figure 4a shows a further schematic diagram of a system according to the invention] "^ can be a microcontroller , (web) feeding device, power converter 16 邛. A knife (such as a semiconductor driver or its device used to control a semiconductor driver: device). Controller 15 can be analog or digital, such as a multi-resonator vibrator that can be controlled by varying the time constant and amplitude depending on the (battery) temperature, such as by changing the value of the resistor or capacitor. In particular, one or more of the resistors of the multi-resonator may be NTc, pTc, or a transistor (eg, field effect transistor) or one or more of the capacitors may be a variable capacitor (varactor) ). PTC and NTC can be used depending on the (battery) temperature to change the behavior of the multivibrator (e.g., because & PTC #NTC is placed close to or within the battery). The transistor and the varactor are voltage dependent and can be used to vary the behavior of the multi-resonator depending on the battery voltage, which can be the temperature of the battery. In this regard, the battery voltage can be passed to the AM circuit. These components may be in proximity to or within the battery 17, while the remainder of the circuit is proximate to the charger (which may be on the outside of the carrier). The battery 17 has a temperature 18 which is determined by the temperature sensor 19, the temperature sensor 19 transmits the sensed value to the controller. Figure 4b shows how the controller 15 can be a fuzzy logic circuit or it has fuzzy logic Program logic for programming. Depending on the membership of the parameters (e.g., telecommunications, voltage, set current), different or combined control algorithms may be implemented, such as modes A, B, and C included from Figures 3a and 3b. The controller 15 can use training materials or real life situations for training. The controller 15 may thus preferably comprise an adaptive system, such as: a neural network 18 201203659 The controller may be part of a cloud computing network. . And/or will solve for part of the decision 2: = its own decision can "or use the database" which has information about the vehicle, mine ^ 15 . Battery and % environment parameters Figure 4c shows an embodiment 2 , the structure may have blocks for different charging modes/phases: - the object = temperature change) may cause one or two of the system switching operations in other modes to show another embodiment 21, wherein the current control is from (optional) = or software to get input, change the current based on various factors. _ condition 'low temperature module can change the current cycle. At normal temperature, the duty cycle is 10〇% (full current), but At lower temperatures, work = become, small, temperature control can reduce the current value (amplitude) if high temperature occurs. The voltage control module can reduce the charging current if high voltage (quick voltage charging) occurs. The time target module can reduce the power when the vehicle is not in a hurry. The module controlled by pure and high temperature can be a single module controlled by force temperature. The controller can use the network connection (for example TCp/Ip) is connected to the power converter. The connection between the controller and the power converter can be analogous, such as direct P WM control signal or parametric (〇_ i 〇v for amplitude and 〇_ i 〇V for duty cycle and / or frequency. The connection between the controller and the power converter can be digitally controlled, such as: RS232, RS485, I2C, CAN or SPI. In the controller and power converter The connection between them can be a PWM control that provides a parameter signal (0-100% for amplitude and 0_100〇/〇 for duty cycle). The controller can directly control a switch (eg, electric or semiconductor) control signal, 19 201203659 It switches the turn-in or output current of the power converter. This can be carried while the rest of the power converter is inside or outside the carrier. The connection between the controller: converter can be optical (eg: use Coffee or optocoupler). This is a special concern in maintaining galvanic isolation. The controller can control a two-rate converter to switch between two carriers. 'This... can use a single power converter to Charge the vehicle. Power conversion It can be in the vehicle or in a charging station or another type of charger. The power converter can be a general power supply stomach, such as a switched mode power supply. The power supply can be a phase control dimmer. 'Figure 4e Shows how to use such a dimmer to provide a basic way to change the frequency of the pulse current (by skipping some phase pulses) and amplitude. Such as the above dimmers, welding transformers or low-cost power supplies, The unstable power supply can be used to generate the pWM signal. When using LV, when + f is required for any PWM day temple, the stable phase can be turned on or off to be added to stabilize the power. It includes a stable power supply for stabilizing the current and any signal generator for generating pWM signals. The PWM can be produced by a motor controller that acts as a charging circuit or part thereof. Figure 4f shows an embodiment 22 in which the PWM permeable capacitor is coupled from the 'circuitway' or an alternate embodiment 23 in which the transformer can be turned "on" or "off". Figure 5 shows the relationship between battery life ' / / battery degree plotted for different values of charging speed. Battery degradation can be divided into passive degradation and active degradation. 'Passive degradation is mainly in the high temperature range, while active degradation is 20 201203659 mainly in the low temperature range. Passive degradation is the degradation of the hair pattern when the battery is not in use because of the spread or oxidation of the spear in the battery. . = Higher temperature is accelerated. The reason for this is that the chemical process is higher: it is faster to proceed to increase the rate of oxidation and diffusion. Active degradation occurs because of the use of the battery, and I decelerates at higher temperatures. The reason for this is as follows: The chemical process is faster at higher temperatures, making the f-cells easier to charge and discharge. This means that increasing the temperature during charging will degrade the battery degradation. As can be seen from Figure 5, there is an optimum temperature for each charging speed, the threshold temperature of t. ^佳'·度可" Take as a reference to heating all of the examples are to be interpreted as merely examples. The invention is defined in the scope of the accompanying claims. [Simple Description] This electric power industry has been explained in more detail with respect to non-limiting drawings, in which Figure 1a lb shows a schematic overview of the system to which the present invention is applied; Figure 2 Wang to 2 f-synchronous field | Figure 3a and 3b show the charging current for the pepper, the battery according to the present invention; Figure 4 a to 4 f county 茛 士 尽 ..., ^, PWM converter according to the present invention Figure 5 shows the graph of several life cycle for mine, a '. [Main component symbol description] 2 201203659 4 Charger 5 Charging cable 6 Remote decision and storage facility 7 Temperature sensing device 8 System Second schematic overview 9 DC power supply (charger) 10 Grid or DC bus 11 Battery 12 Battery Management System (BMS) 13 Temperature Charge Controller (TCC) 14 Another schematic overview of the system 15 Controller ' 16 Power CONVERTER 17 BATTERY 18 TEMPERATURE 19 TEMPERATURE SENSE 20 EMBODIMENT WITH HARD OR SOFTFORM STRUCTURE 21 OTHER EMBODIMENT WITH CURRENT CONTROL 22 EMBODIMENT 23 WITH PWM WITH ALTERNATIVE EMBODIMENT 22 WITH TRANSFORMER