TW201114086A - Electrolyte composition and dye-sensitized solar cells employing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed herein is a dye-sensitized solar cell. The dye-sensitized solar cell includes a semiconductor electrode with a dye absorbed thereon; a counter electrode; and an electrolyte composition provided between the semiconductor electrode and the counter electrode; wherein the electrolyte composition comprises an oxidation-reduction pair and a eutectic mixture of choline halide or derivatives thereof mixed with alcohols or urea.

Description

201114086 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to an electrolyte composition and a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) using the electrolyte composition, and in particular, An electrolyte composition composed of an ionic liquid and a dye-sensitized solar cell using the same. [Prior Art] Generally, two kinds of metals or metal compounds are required as the positive and negative electrodes, and the positive cesium ions in the electrolyte are used as the conduction of the battery (10), and the outside of the battery is made to flow through the electrons. Among them, because solar energy is inexhaustible and inexhaustible, the research and development of solar cells has received more and more attention. Among them, the dye-sensitized solar cell has the advantages of low cost and high plasticity, and has the characteristics that the indoor light source can generate electricity and is not affected by the angle of sunlight. Therefore, dye sensitized solar cells have recently become one of the research hotspots of solar cells. The basic structure of the dye-sensitized solar cell includes: upper and lower conductive glass ((Sn〇2:F) 'abbreviated as FT0), wherein one layer of conductive glass has nanometer-scale "titanium dioxide (Ti02) rotating body particles" 'There is a platinum film on the electric glass.' The two conductive glasses are cooled with an electrolyte that helps to conduct electricity, and the most important dye (dye) that is sensitive to sunlight. The dye is adsorbed on the oxidized granules. on. As shown in the first figure, in the fabrication of the dye-sensitized solar cell, a glass substrate 1 is first provided, and then a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) 2 is formed on the glass substrate, and then transparently An n-type semiconductor electrode 4 is deposited on the conductive oxide, and the semiconductor electrode 4 includes the oxidized granule 3 and the dye adsorbed on the surface thereof, and then the smelt 6 is deposited on the glass substrate 7 as the counter electrode 5, and then the shock is used. The material 8, u fixes the circumference 201114086 of the upper and lower glass substrates, leaving only the electrolysis σ, and then injecting an electrolyte between the semiconductor electrode 4 and the counter electrode 5 . The working principle of the dye-sensitized solar cell is: (1) After the dye adsorbed on the surface of the semiconductor electrode (Ti〇2) is excited by the incident photon, the electrons in the dye molecule will be excited from the ground state to the excited state (8 + 1^—S* (2) After the 'electron injection of the conduction band of the Ti〇2 semiconductor electrode (such as band), the electrons injected into the conduction band of the Τι〇2 are transferred to the TC electrode by diffusion, and are led to the external circuit. At this point, the dye molecule is in an oxidized state (7)* — s+ + e·) ^ There is a redox pair (usually) in the solution, and the oxidized dye reacts with the oxidized reduction electrolyte to return to the ground state, and the reducing agent is oxidized. (S+ + I_ — s + V); (4) The oxidized reducing agent electrolyte v diffuses to the opposite platinum electrode, and the electrons are re-reduced by the external circuit, and the continuous operation of the ring continues (V + e· -»r) 〇 In fact, the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells can exceed 11%. The huge problem is that such high-efficiency solar cells use a volatile organic solvent (such as acetonitrile or 3-methoxypropionitrile) as the electrolyte, which limits the outdoor applications of such cells. Therefore, researchers use ionic liquids as electrolytes to make non-volatile dye-sensitized solar cells, and the most commonly used ionic liquids for dye-sensitized solar cells are imidazolium cations and iodide ions or imidazole cations and other anions. Ionic liquid. However, since the high viscosity of the ionic liquid adversely affects the photoelectric conversion efficiency, it is hindered from being applied to a solar cell. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an electrolyte composition using a eutectic ionic liquid as a liquid electrolyte, which has the advantages of low viscosity, electrochemistry, and wide application range. A further object of the present invention is to provide a dye-sensitized solar cell using the above electrolyte composition 201114086, which is inexpensive and simple to prepare for the electrolyte composition of the dye-sensitized solar cell. In order to achieve the above first object, the present invention Providing an electrolyte composition comprising: a redox pair; and a heteroatom liquid formed by mixing a bile test halide or a derivative thereof and an alcohol, or by mixing a bile test compound or a derivative thereof and urea According to another aspect of the present invention, in order to achieve the ternary ionic liquid, the first ionic liquid which is low in oxidizing and riding, the ionic liquid, and the viscous liquid is obtained. The above second object 'the present invention provides a dye-sensitized solar cell' comprising: a semiconductor electrode having a dye adsorbed on the surface of the semiconductor electrode; a counter electrode facing the semiconductor electrode; and an electrolyte composition disposed on the semiconductor Between the electrode and the pair of electrodes, the electrolysis f composition includes a redox and a hetero-sub-liquid Sub-liquid system by secret heteroaryl halide or an alcohol are mixed to form biological and 2, 4 or test compound by the bile or derivative thereof and mixing urea

The present invention can also utilize a mixture of two co-refined ionic liquids (binary bodies) as a redox electrode to produce a transmissive solar cell. Another ionic liquid to be added is, for example, a commonly used imidazole-based ionic liquid. The present invention is produced by using an electrolyte solution of a choline halide or a derivative thereof and an alcohol-like ionic liquid liquid or a choline base or a derivative thereof and urea. Dye-sensitized Taichi battery, and with the conventional technology to do the material surface (four) battery electrolysis ^ = electrolysis _ system _ single, Jianzhi catalogue miscellaneous correction, this crane title Tai · Battery Village accepted photoelectric The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the <RTIgt; The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent and understood. It is to be understood that the embodiments are merely illustrative of the invention, and are not intended to The electrolyte composition for a dye-sensitized solar cell of the present invention, comprising: a redox couple; a money Wei ionic liquid, which is formed by mixing a gallbladder tooth or a street organism and an alcohol, or It is formed by mixing a bile detective compound or a derivative thereof and urea. The present invention relates to a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising: a semiconductor electrode having a dye adsorbed on a surface thereof; a counter electrode facing the semiconductor electrode and an electrolytic squirrel being placed on the semiconductor electrode and Between the electrodes, wherein the electrolyte domain package is purified and the hetero-ion system is formed by mixing a choline sister or a derivative thereof and an alcohol, or The derivative is formed by mixing with urea. The derivative of the heteropolysaccharide condensate of the present invention is, for example, ammonium chloride, secret, visual _, and _ alkali # such as glycerin, ethylene glycol, butylene glycol, and the like. For example, in the electrolyte composition of the present invention, a second ionic liquid may be added, for example, sheng (4) ionic ion, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Or the ionic liquid of the dye-sensitized solar cell is used as the electrolyte of the dye-sensitized solar cell. The scent of the scent is a sputum of the sputum, for example, a phenethyl 3-methylate compound, a hexyl-3-methyl oxime oxime or a quaternary _3. methyl odor: 201114086 An additive may also be added to the composition, such as iodine, phlegm, tetrakis-hardening ammonium, 1,2, dimethyl-3-propyl salimentate, N-methyl benzoate, or Guanidine thiocyanate (GuSCN). Additives have different functions and generally stabilize the electrolyte, improve battery performance, avoid unnecessary side reactions, and extend battery life. The redox couple used in the electrolyte composition of the present invention is, for example, iodide ion and diterpene ion (W), bromine and desert + (Βγ2/Βγ·) or cyanogen sulfide and sulfurate ion (SCN) 2/SCN_ 〇 The dye used in the present invention is, for example, a polyphenolic acid. Carb〇Xylate • P^ypyridy1 ruthenium, phosphonate p〇lypyridyl mthenium or p〇lynuciear bipyridyl ruthenium. The present invention utilizes a eutectic ionic liquid formed by a choline cleavage compound or a derivative thereof and an alcohol (or a eutectic ionic liquid formed by a choline-based compound or a derivative thereof and urea) as an electrolyte of a battery. To produce a dye-sensitized solar cell, the dye-sensitized solar cell of the present invention has an acceptable photoelectric conversion efficiency as compared with the prior art using an imidazole-based ionic liquid as an electrolyte for a battery. The embodiments provided below are merely illustrative of the technical means of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the technical scope of the present invention. Example 1 of eutectic ionic liquid glycerol (melanol melting point 18. oxime and butyrylch〇line iodide (melting point 87.-89. (:) respectively 4: Bu 3: 1, 2: The molar ratio of Bu 1 : 1 and ! : 2 was added to an Erlenmeyer flask for mixing, and then these were formed by glycerol and diacetyl choline chloride by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The melting point of the mixture' results are shown in the second figure. In the second, 201114086 ^ '〇 represents glycerin, BCI stands for ship test, and soil glycerin and hardened sputum test are mixed with x:y molar ratio (X = Dyke glycerin and chlorinated Ding 醯 验 以 以 以 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 描 描 描 描 描 描 描 描 描 描 描 描 描 描 描 描 描 描 描 描 描 描 描 描 描 描 描 描 描Preferably, the molar ratio is &amp; to f5i: 知知例2·5, the glycerin and the hardened butyl broth are first mixed in a 3 ·· Erlenmeyer flask, and then under 6〇〇c ° to transparent, evenly picked (four) formed, so that ❿ oil is dye-sensitized solar power in the case of the 6.7 towel, its rectification square wire example 2 In _5 _ 6, the chlorinated nucleus and glycerin are first mixed with a molar ratio of 丨·· 2, and 5 〇t until a homogeneous, colorless liquid is formed. Thus ===^_sub-liquid is dye-sensitized Too == solution. In the application of m, the ratio of choline chloride to urinary red mole is first mixed with 丨·· 2 electric 50C ' until the formation of _ homogeneous, colorless liquid. So = 2 =: urea axis The rotor is liquid-aged and scaled. "I added thousands of different broken compounds in the solution. Example 2 In the co-planar ionic liquid formed by moth-butylation and glycerol obtained in Example 1, 'join 0.2M of broken (6) and 〇.5M of N_methylbenzoxazolyl^methyl_be_idazole) as an additive to obtain an electrolyte of the battery, wherein 'decomposing diced glycerin and glycerin Then ^ shows: 201114086 c

IN

C——OH

I

C——OH

I

C-OH

[Chemical Formula 1] Example 3 The composition of the battery was the same as that of the battery of Example 2 except that 0.5 M of hydrazine (NHJ) was additionally added. Example 4 Electrolysis of the remaining components and the battery of Example 2, except that 0.5 M of 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide (DMPII) was additionally added. The liquid is the same. Example 5 • Except for the addition of 0.5 M ammonium hydride and 0.5 M 1,2-diphenyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide (DMPII) The parts were the same as those of the battery of Example 2. In the case of a non-volatile solar cell, the embodiment of the present invention is a binary ion* liquid because the viscosity of the liquid is high. (bmary 1Gnie Hquid) is manufactured as an oxidation_electrical test. Because of its mass transfer function similar to the Gr〇tthus electronic exchange mechanism, the diffusion rate and/or the ion crane forest will be reduced. BEI Chuan 201114086 Example 6-7 is to prepare a liquid electrolyte f of different compositions, which comprises ^ (redox pair), 1-propyl _3 · methyl imida moth (PMII, second ionic liquid), Team A, benzophene (NMBI, additive), and use glycerin gasification test (G.CC) or urea emulsification test (U.CQ (ion-ionic liquid). The ionic liquid in Example 6 is A glycerol functional assay (G.CX 'X stands for halogen), and its structure is as shown in the following Chemical Formula 2.

C -OH X : F ' C1 &gt; Br'^ Γ [Chemical Formula 2] In Example 7, the first ionic liquid is a urea tooth chemistry test (u cx, x represents a halogen), and its structure is as follows: 2 :

C

X: F, Cl·, Br· or Γ [Chemical Formula 3] Different ionic liquids for electrolytic enthalpy | Examples 8-9 Preparation of ionic liquid electrolytes of different compositions, including 〇2M l2, 〇5M N-fluorenyl Benzene (tetra) 4 (NMBI 'additive), face glycerin supplement (GCI) 201114086 or glycerol iodide choline (G.BCI) as its I source and solvent (first ionic liquid). Comparative Example 1 This example was made using a solvent-based electrolyte to prepare a dye-sensitized solar cell, and was used as a control group of Examples 6 and 7. This dye-sensitized solar cell is substantially the same as the above Examples 6 to 7 'except that it uses acetonitrile (an) and valeronitrile (VN) as a solvent for the electrolyte, and 0.1 M lithium iodide and 〇.〇5M three 4-tert-butylpyridine (TBP) is used as an additive. The electrolyte compositions of Examples 6 and 7 and the comparative examples are shown in Table 1. • |_,_ Table 1_ ι3· 添加剂 Additive Solvent (Mernan Degree) (Mohr Concentration) (Mohr Concentration) Example 0.2 3.97 0_5 (ΝΜΒΙ) Glycerol Gasification Cholesterol 6 (G.CC) Example 0.2 3.97 0.5 (ΝΜΒΙ) urea choline chloride 7 OJ.CC) Control 0.05 0.6 Ol (Lil); acetonitrile / valeronitrile Example 1 0.05 (TBP) (85%: 15%) Comparative Example 2 This comparative example The use of Michael Graetzel's binary ionic liquid (propyl-3-methylimidazolide and tetracyano rotten acid 1 _ethyl_3_ fluorenyl. sit [PMII / EMIB (CN) 4]) as electrolysis The liquid was used to prepare a dye-sensitized solar cell, and the additive was further added with guanidinium thiocyanate' as a control group of Examples 8 and 9. The electrolyte compositions of Examples 8, 9 and Comparative Examples are shown in Table 2. 201114086 Table 2 V (mole concentration) Γ source additive (mole concentration) Solvent Example 8 0.2 Glycerol moth test (G.CI) 〇·5(ΝΜΒΙ) G.CI Example 9 0.2 Glycerin iodide Choline (G.BCI) 〇.5(ΝΜΒΙ) G.BCI Comparative Example 2 0.2 ΡΜΙΙ 〇.5(ΝΜΒΙ); Ol(GuSCN) EMIB(CN)4 Experimental Example 1 (Evaluation using Example 2 of the present invention The efficacy of the dye-sensitized solar cell of the electrolyte composition of 5) In the fabrication of the dye-sensitized solar cell, a glass substrate is first provided, and then a transparent conductive oxide (TCO, transparent conducting 0Xide) is formed on the glass substrate. Then, using the screen printing = titanium oxide particles on the transparent conductive oxide, the semiconductor electrode is immersed in the dye to make the dye fully adsorbed on the oxidized granules. Then, the other glass having the transparent conductive oxide is used. The substrate serves as a counter electrode. The fine material fixes the circumference of the upper and lower glass substrates at the same time, leaving only the electrolysis f population, and injecting an electrolyte between the semiconductor electrode and the counter electrode. Use aut〇lab ρι〇's strange potentiometer and use the solar simulator (Newp〇rt) s〇lar ^丨加αμι 5, ^nW/ci^) to detect the scan 'which is from the battery per second scanning speed Open circuit Saint V: Scan the county voltage and record the current generated by the sensitized solar cell', thereby obtaining the current density versus voltage characteristic curve (J-Vcurve) to evaluate the performance of the sensitized solar ▲ battery. In Table 2, where (resistance (4) 2, filling η is the photoelectric conversion efficiency, the two are calculated according to formulas (1) and (2) 12 0) 201114086 respectively: FF =

JmVm

JscVoc

JmVm (2) ~Ps

Among them: current density at maximum output power Vm. voltage at maximum output power Jsc: short-circuit current density V〇c: open circuit voltage s. input power of the solar simulator (ie, 1〇〇mW/cm2). (4) ^ Table 3 can be known that 'in the general T division of alkali and glycerol _ into the eutectic ionic liquid, the addition of not _ Wei material can improve the dye sensitized solar cell two mainly because these ice-making cations in the promotion of dyes The efficiency of sensitized solar cells has county ships. For example, guessing 1+ can take the surface of the nanoparticle, thus blocking the defect sites of the Ti〇2 nanoparticle, so that the photo-electron can not be absorbed by the electrolyte.

峨 ion (Ι3·) brewed. The foot DMH+ prevents electrons from reflowing in the interface between the particles and the electrolyte in Ti〇2, thus improving the current and increasing the conductivity of the electrolyte.

13 201114086 Experimental Example 2 (Evaluation of the efficacy of the dye-sensitized solar cell using the electrolyte compositions of Examples 6 to 7 of the present invention) The application of the binary ionic liquid of Example 6, Example 7 and the electrolytic cell of Comparative Example 1 respectively To the sensitized solar cells. Here, the cathode of the dye-sensitized solar cell is a platinum-plated transparent conductive glass electrode, the anode is a screen printed nano/micro titanium dioxide composite conductive glass electrode (thickness: 6 μm), and the electrolyte is injected between the cathode and the anode. And complete the battery assembly. The scanning was performed using the AUTOLAB P10's strange potentiometer and using the solar simulator (Newport) solar simulator AM1.5 '100mW/cm2), which is an open circuit voltage v from the battery at a scanning speed of 5 mV per second. . Scan to zero voltage and record the current generated by the dye-sensitized solar cell, thereby obtaining a current density versus voltage characteristic curve (as shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5) to evaluate the performance of the dye-sensitized solar cell. The results are shown in Table 4. As is apparent from Table 4, the cells fabricated with the electrolyte compositions of Example 6 and Example 7 had acceptable Voc and Jsc. In particular, the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the battery produced in accordance with Example 6 was more comparable to that of a battery made of a general solvent type electrolyte (Comparative Example). Table 4 Electrolyte V〇c _IY)_ J sc (mA/cm2) FF ——·- r|eff(〇/0) Example 6 0.52 9.49 0.53 2.60 Example 7 0.54 5.39 0.56 1.65 Comparative Example 1 0.73 8.61 0.62 3.88 201114086 From the above, it can be seen that the replacement of the traditional electrolytic f-solvent with a non-volatile ionic liquid (such as G.cx or U.CX) with a lower viscosity can avoid the problem of the shape of the hair. In addition, 'G.CX or U.CX has recyclability and environmental friendliness, and no by-products are produced during the production process'; F requires additional purification steps, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the fabricated battery is similar to that of bath type electrolysis. battery. It is therefore ideal for a sensitized solar cell system. Experimental Example 3 (Comparison of the efficacy of dye-sensitized solar cells with different co-dissolved ionic liquids as electrolytes under the same working conditions) In this experimental example, in order to further increase the surface area of Ti〇2 nanoparticles, the anode was immersed. Go to the TiCl4 wire + treatment, and make the hair-like total _ sub (four) to optimize the 5 state. Then, the dye-sensitized solar cell using Example 8 and Example 9 and Comparative Example 2 as an electrolytic solution was irradiated and scanned by the potentiostat of AUTOLABP10 and the sunlight simulant (100 mW/cm2), respectively. The current density vs. voltage characteristic curve was evaluated to evaluate the performance of the dye-sensitized solar cell's solar cell performance as shown in Table 5. Table 5 DSSC electrolyte composition Jsc (mA/cm2) V〇c (mV) FF rj (%) Example 8 5.01 630 0.684 2.15 Example 9 7.31 640 0.642 3.02 Comparative Example 2 10.8 613 0.674 4.45 As can be seen from Table 5 Using the eutectic ionic liquid of the present invention (formed from an alkane choline halide and a sugar/salt) as an electrolyte and Comparative Example 2 using a binary ionic liquid of Michael Graetzel (丨_propyl_3_methylimidazole) Iodide and tetracyanoboron 15 201114086 acid 1-ethyl-3-mercaptopurine [PMII/EMIB (CN) 4]) The efficacy of a dye-sensitized solar cell as an electrolyte is comparable. Therefore, the dye-sensitized solar cell using the eutectic ionic liquid formed of an alkane choline compound and glycerin as an electrolyte in one embodiment of the present invention has a directional efficiency, and since the electrolyte of the present embodiment does not contain ruthenium _propyl·3 methylimidazolium moth = material and reduced water absorption characteristics, can make dye-sensitized solar cells cheaper, more stable and more environmentally friendly. In addition, due to the existence of the sulfhydryl group on the biochemical test, (3) the charge on the nitrogen atom is delocalized (del〇calized), thus making the iodide ion less bound, thus contributing to the increase of electrolysis. The conductivity of the liquid. In the embodiment of the present invention, the mixture formed by the glycerin and the tooth chemistry test is used as a low-viscosity ionic liquid to reduce the coffee-ion liquid _ degree, but the self-test The _0H base is easy to absorb water. In the whole process, it must be carried out in the glove box +, because the "monthly secret" uses bribes to test the above problems.

16 201114086 [Simple description of the diagram] The first diagram is the basic structure of a dye-sensitized solar cell of the prior art. The second graph is a plot of the percentage of moles of glycerol versus melting point, where glycerol and acetylcholine iodine are 4: 1, 3: 1, 2: 1, 1 : 1 and ! ·· 2 molar mixing. The third graph is a current density_voltage characteristic diagram of the dye-sensitized solar cell using the electrolyte composition of Example 6. The fourth graph is a graph showing the current density-voltage characteristic of the dye-sensitized solar cell using the electrolyte composition of Example 7. The fifth graph is a graph showing the current density-voltage characteristic of the dye-sensitized solar Lueneng battery using the electrolyte composition of Comparative Example 1. [Description of main component symbols] 1 Glass substrate 2 Transparent conductive oxide 3 - Oxide particles 4 η-type semiconductor electrode 5 Counter electrode 6 Platinum film 7 Glass substrate 8 Epoxy resin 10 Electrolyte 11 Package material 17

Claims (1)

201114086 VII. Scope of application for patents·· 1. An electrolyte composition comprising: a redox pair; and (iv) an ionic liquid, which is a mixture of __ compounds or derivatives thereof and alcohols. The substance or its money is mixed with urea to form. The electrolyte composition according to Item 1, wherein the bile test is a tridentate or a choline chloride. • Alkali Ϊ Ϊ 干 干 干 第 第 第 第 第 第 第 第 第 第 电解 电解 电解 电解 电解 电解 电解 电解 电解 电解 电解 电解 电解 电解 电解 电解 电解 电解 电解 电解 电解 电解 电解 电解 电解 电解 电解 电解 电解 电解 电解 电解 电解:1 to 35: The electrolyte composition described in the first aspect of the invention, further comprising a second ionic liquid. The electrolyte composition according to item 4, wherein the second ionic liquid is an imidazole-based ionic liquid. The electrolyte composition according to claim 5, wherein the saliva ionic liquid system is 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide. 7. The electrolyte composition of claim 1, further comprising an additive system selected from the group consisting of a hardening clock, a disc recording, a tetrabutyl hardening ammonium, a ν: base benzo compound, and , 2_dimethylsyl-derived bond groups are grouped. Apply for the electrolysis f composition described in Item 1 of the towel, the oxidation is also selected from the lion and the three _ sub (1_/13> _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (SCN) 2 / SCN ·) grouped. A dye-sensitized solar cell comprising: - a semiconductor having a dye adsorbed on the surface of the rotating electrode; - a counter electrode facing the semiconductor electrode; and an electrolyte plate a substance is disposed between the semiconductor electrode and the pair of electrodes, the 9 201114086, the decomposing composition includes a redox pair, and at least a co-sub liquid, and the co-eluting ion liquid is a bile test Or a derivative thereof and an alcohol are formed by mixing, or are formed by mixing a sulphide sulphide or a derivative thereof and urea. 10. The sensitized solar cell according to claim 9 of the sf patent, wherein The compound derivative is a dye-sensitized solar cell according to the invention of claim 1G, wherein the ship's gallbladder tooth-detecting compound is D-(4) a glycerin, and the glycerol and the glycerin The sensitizing ionic liquid is formed between (3) and the coffee in the range of the molar ratio. 12. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to the ninth aspect of the patent, further comprising a diionic liquid. The dye-sensitized solar cell of claim 12, wherein the second ionic liquid is an imidazole-based ionic liquid, wherein the dye-sensitized solar cell of claim 13 is the imidazole. The ionic liquid system 1-alkyl_3-methylimidazolium iodide. The application of the dye-sensitized solar cell of the above-mentioned item 9 further includes an additive, the additive is selected from the hardening clock, moth A dye-sensitized solar cell of the ninth aspect of the invention, wherein the dye-sensitized solar cell of the ninth aspect of the invention, wherein , 5 Hai redox pair is selected from the group consisting of iodide and triiodide (Γ/V), bromine and bromide (Br2/Br) and cyanogen sulfide and thiocyanate ion ((SCN)2/SCN·) The dye-sensitized solar cell of the above-mentioned Item No. 31, wherein the dye is a polypyridyl carboxylate. Pyridinium, polyphosphonium phosphonate or polynuclear pyridinium. 18. A monoionic ionic liquid electrolyte comprising: a redox couple; a second ionic liquid comprising imidazolium iodide; and 201114086 a first ionic liquid, One of the first ionic liquids has a lower viscosity than one of the second ionic liquids. 20