TW201103518A - Accommodative IOL with toric optic and extended depth of focus - Google Patents

Abstract

In one aspect, the present invention provides an intraocular lens (IOL), which comprises at least two optics disposed in tandem along an optical axis, and an accommodative mechanism that is coupled to at least one of the optics and is adapted to adjust a combined optical power of the optics in response to natural accommodative forces of an eye in which the optics are implanted so as to provide accommodation. At least one of the optics has a surface characterized by a first refractive region, a second refractive region and transition region therebetween, where an optical phase shift of incident light having a design wavelength (e, g., 550 nm) across the transition region corresponds to a non-integer fraction of that wavelength.

Description

201103518 VI. Description of invention:

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the U.S. Patent Application entitled "An Extended Depth of Focus (EDOF) Lens To Increase Pseudo-Accommodation By Utilizing Pupil Dynamics," which is also attached to the present application. This is incorporated herein by reference. L Prior Art 3 Background of the Invention The present invention relates generally to ophthalmic crystals and, more particularly, to controlled changes in phase shifts that may be provided across transition regions provided on at least one of the surfaces of the crystals. Provides an adjustable artificial lens (IOL) that enhances vision. The optical power of the eye is measured by the optical power of the cornea and the optical power of the crystal, which provides about one-third of the total optical power of the eye. The crystal body is a transparent biconvex structure whose curvature can be varied by adjusting its optical power to focus on the ciliary muscle of the object at different distances. However, the natural crystals become less transparent in individuals suffering from cataracts (e.g., due to age and/or disease), thus reducing the amount of light reaching the retina. Known treatments for cataracts include removing the turbid natural crystals and replacing the natural crystals with artificial crystals (IOL). Many I〇L, known as single-focus IOLs, provide single-optical power, so there is no regulation. It is also known that multi-focus IOLs are primarily capable of providing two optical powers, typically remote and near-field optical power. Another type of IOL, known as the adjustment type 1〇, can provide a specific degree of adjustment that can respond to the eye 201103518. However, this adjustment of the muscles can be limited, for example, due to space limitations created by anatomy of the eye. Therefore, there is a need for an improved regulatory IOL. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides an artificial crystal (off) that includes at least two optical wheels arranged in tandem, and a tuned mechanism of at least one of the optical components and Suitable for responding to the adjustment force of the eye to be implanted with the light members to check the combined optical power of the optical components for adjustment. The light: at least one having a surface characterized by a first-refracting region, a second refractive region, and an inter-transition region, wherein the transition region has a design wavelength (eg, 55 () nm) The optical phase shift of human light is a non-integer fraction of the wavelength of the sea. In general, in designing IOLs and crystals, the so-called "model eye" or borrowing calculations, such as the method of predicting the ray of light, can be used. The light properties were measured. Typically, such assays and calculations are performed based on light from a narrow, specific region of the visible spectrum that minimizes chromatic aberration. This narrow area is generally referred to as "design wavelength,". In the above-mentioned modulating IOL, at least one of §Huang et al. can provide positive optical power (for example, light in the range of about +20D to about +6〇D). Power)

At least one other of the devices can provide negative optical power (e.g., in the range of about -2 6 D to about -2 D optical power). In many cases, the Lai-type mechanism is adapted to return to the natural conditioning force and move at least one of the optical members along the optical axis for adjustment. 201103518 In the related aspect, in the above I 〇 L, the surface having the transition region shows a contour (Zsag) which can be defined by the following relationship: Zs〇f = ZiastfZma 5 where: ZSag indicates that the surface is relative to the The drop of the optical axis is a function of the distance from the position of the optical axis, _§_2_ indicates the basic contour of the surface, and where: '

0, gas), AO^r <r, r^r<rz r2<r where: n represents the radial boundary within the transition region, ο represents the radial boundary outside the transition region, and wherein: △ It is defined by the following relationship: άλ where: ηι represents the refractive index of the material forming the optical member, n2 represents the refractive index of the medium surrounding the optical member, and represents the design wavelength, and α represents a non-integer fraction. In a related aspect, a base gallery (Zbase) having the above-described surface of the transition region can be defined by the following relationship:

l+Vl-(l+Jt)cV + asr +..., 201103518 where: Γ denotes the radial distance from the optical axis, c denotes the fundamental curvature of the surface, k denotes the conic constant; a? is the second order The deformation constant is the fourth-order deformation constant, and % is the sixth-order deformation constant. In another embodiment, the IOL surface having the transition region has a surface profile (Zsag) defined by the following relationship: wherein: as the optical axis

Zsag represents a function of the radial distance of the surface relative to the optical axis, and where: z "«·,., where: r represents the radial distance from the optical axis, c represents the fundamental curvature of the surface, the cone Constant; 4 is the second-order deformation constant, the heart is the fourth-order deformation constant, and ~ is the sixth-order deformation constant, and wherein: 201103518 --s~~(r rla), 0Sr<rlo (H) rie^r< Rlb Δp rM^r<ru Δ, (rn) δ2 r2eSr<rw rv,<r where: r represents the radial distance from the optical axis of the crystal, and rla represents the first substantial line of the transition region of the auxiliary contour The inner diameter of the portion; rlb represents the outer diameter of the first linear portion, r2a represents the inner diameter of the second substantially linear portion of the transition region of the auxiliary contour, and r2b represents the second linear portion The outer diameter, and wherein Δ ! and 八 2 can each be defined according to the following relationship:

Δ2 = α]λ and α2λ where: η! represents the refractive index of the material forming the optical member, n2 represents the refractive index of the medium surrounding the optical member, λ represents the design wavelength (for example, 550 nm), and α represents a non-integer Scores (for example, |, |...), and 201103518 represents non-integer scores (eg, I, I...). By way of example, in the above relationship, the basic curvature C may be in the range of about 0.0152 mm to about 0.0659 mm-1, and the conic constant k may be in the range of about -1162 to about -19, and a2 may be in In the range of about -0.00032 mm-1 to about 0.0 mm-1, a4 may be in the range of about 0.0 mm_3 to about -0.000053 (-5.3 x 10_5) mm_3, and a6 may be about 0.0 mm_5 to Approximately 0.000153 (1.53 χΗΤ 4) mm·5. In another aspect, in the above-described adjustment type IOL, the adjustment mechanism can include an annulus for positioning in a pocket of a patient's eye, and a plurality of at least one of the optical element that can be coupled to the optical member. Flexible member. The annulus is adapted to respond to the natural conditioning force exerted by the bladder on the annulus such that the flexible members can move the light members to which they are coupled to provide conditioning. In some cases, the adjustment mechanism can provide dynamic adjustment in the range of about 0.5D to about 2.5D, and for example, in the case of a pupil size in the range of about 2.5 mm to about 3.5 mm, the transition region can be The depth of focus of the IOL is extended by at least about 0.5D (e.g., in the range of about 0.5D to about 1.25D) to achieve a degree of false adjustment. In another aspect, an artificial crystal of an optical system adapted to be positioned within a pocket of a patient's eye is disclosed, wherein the optical system includes a plurality of lenses. The crystal system further includes an adjustment mechanism coupled to the optical system that is responsive to the natural conditioning power of the eye to cause a change in its optical power for adjustment. The optical system has at least one toric surface and at least one surface having a first refractive region, a second refractive region, and a transition region 201103518 therebetween. Thus, incident optics having a design wavelength (eg, 550 nm) across the transition region The phase shift is equivalent to a non-integer fraction of the wavelength. Further aspects of the present invention can be further appreciated by reference to the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1A is a schematic cross-sectional view of an IOL according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 1B is a schematic plan view of the front surface of i 〇 L shown in Fig. ία. 2A is a graphical depiction of phase promotion induced in a wavefront incident on the surface of a lens in accordance with an embodiment of an embodiment of the present invention via a transition region provided on the surface in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. . 2B is a diagrammatic depicting the phase induced in the wavefront incident on the surface of the crystal crystal in accordance with a practice in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention via a transition region provided on the surface in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Delayed. Figure 3 is a graphical representation of at least a surface profile of a crystallite in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, which may be characterized by a base (4) and an auxiliary wheel_overlay. Figures 4A-4C provide a cross-sectional diagram of a hypothetical water (four) for a different pupil size suitable for the present invention. The Figure -5F map provides a calculated cross-focus MTF chart for a hypothetical crystal according to certain embodiments of the present invention, wherein each crystal has a base gallery and an auxiliary contour that can define a transition region. The surface of the feature is defined as a different OPD between the lion (four) and the (four) domain relative to the other optical path differences in other crystals. 201103518 FIG. 6 is another embodiment of the present invention. A schematic cross-sectional view of the embodiment I 〇 L. Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating the front surface of the porch is characterized by the superposition of the basic contour and the auxiliary contour including the double-step transition region, and the representation of Figure 8 A cross-focus monochrome image is calculated for a hypothetical water having a double-step transition region according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9A is a schematic cross-sectional view of the modulating artificial crystal (10)^ according to the present invention. Fig. 9B is a schematic front view of the adjustment type I〇L of Fig. 1A. Fig. 10A is a diagram illustrating the front light of the IOL of the 10A-10B diagram which is compatible with the adjustment mechanism of the hydrocrystal. Figure 10B is shown in Figure 11A A schematic side view of the light member. Fig. 10C is a schematic plan view of the former light member shown in Fig. 11B. Fig. 11 is a diagram showing a complex representation of features by different radii of curvature along two orthogonal directions of the toric surface. Fig. 12A is a schematic plan view of an adjustment type IOL according to another embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 12B is a schematic side view of the light member used in the adjustment type IOL of Fig. 12A.

C. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT This is a method for correcting visual acuity in ophthalmic crystals (such as IOL) and in such water aa. Significant features of different aspects of the invention relating to human X water crystals (IOL) are discussed in the following examples. Other ophthalmic crystals, such as invisible 10 201103518 lenses, can also be applied to the teachings of the present invention. The term "artificial crystal," and its abbreviation "IOL", is used interchangeably herein to describe the interior of an implantable eye to replace the natural crystal of the eye or to enhance vision, and whether or not the natural crystal is removed. Internal crystals and aphakic intraocular lens are examples of artificial water crystals that can be implanted into the eye without removing natural crystals. In many embodiments, the crystals may include light elements that are selectively selectable in the crystal. A controlled pattern of surface modulation that produces a difference in optical path between the inner and outer parts, whereby the crystal can provide a clear image suitable for small and large pupil diameters and a pseudo-adjustment for viewing objects in the middle pupil diameter 1A and 1B are diagrammatically depicting an artificial water crystal (I 〇 L) 1 根据 according to an embodiment of the present invention, comprising a light member 12 having a front surface 14 and a rear surface 16 disposed near the optical axis 〇8. As shown in the figure (1), the front surface includes an inner refractive region 18, an outer annular refractive region 2 (), and an annular transition region extending between the inner and outer refractive regions. 22. The rear surface is in the form of a flat convex surface. The light member 12 may have a diameter D in the range of 5 mm from the millimeter to the "spoon" in some (four), but other diameters may be used. The 农 农 (10) Ll0 also includes solid-solid members 1 and 2 (e.g., haptics) that can help them in the eye. In the present embodiment, the + square 1n ^ * but the 边 edge and the rear surface each include a convex base profile, and in the example, a concave or flat base profile can be used. If the contour of the rear surface is only borrowed from a base contour, the outline of the surface is defined by the addition-auxiliary contour to the outer contour of the base race and the transition region. The refractive index of the material of the 1 β-light members of the two surfaces can cause the optical member # 11 201103518 to have a nominal optical power, which is defined by an auxiliary contour other than the front surface without the above-mentioned front surface. A single focus refractive power of a generally identified optical member formed from the same material as the light members of the same base profile for the front and back surfaces. The nominal optical power of the optical member can also be considered as a single focus refractive power for the optical member 12 having a small aperture having a diameter smaller than the diameter of the central portion of the front surface. The auxiliary profile of the front surface can adjust the nominal optical power, such as, for example, the peak axial position of the trans-focusing transfer function of the optical component calculated or measured at a design wavelength (e.g., 550 nm). The actual optical power of the optical member, represented by the length of focus, may deviate from the nominal optical power of the crystal, particularly as described below with respect to the aperture (pupil) in the medium range. In many embodiments, the change in optical power is designed to improve near vision for a pupil size. In some cases, the nominal optical power of the optical member can range from about -15D to about +50D, and preferably ranges from about 6D to about 34D. Moreover, in some cases, the change in standard optical power of the optical member caused by the auxiliary contour of the front surface may range from about 0.25D to about 2.5D. With continued reference to Figures 1A and 1B, the transition region 22 is in the form of an annular region radially from the inner radial boundary (IB) (which in this case corresponds to the radial boundary outside the inner refractive region 18) Extending to the outer radial boundary (OB) (which in this case corresponds to the inner radial boundary of the outer refractive region). Although in some cases one or both boundaries may include discontinuities (e.g., a step) within the contour of the front surface, in many embodiments, the boundary of the contour of the front surface is continuous, but the path of the contour The number of guides (i.e., the rate of change in surface sag as a function of the distance from the radial axis of the optical axis 12 201103518) may show a discontinuity at each boundary. In some cases, the transition region may have an annular width in the range of from about 0.75 mm to about 2.5 mm. In some cases, the ratio of the annular width of the transition region to the radial diameter of the front surface may range from about 〇 to about 0.2. In many embodiments, the transition region 22 of the front surface 14 can be shaped such that the phase of the radiation incident thereon can vary monotonically between its inner boundary (IB) and outer boundary (OB). That is, the phase may be progressively increased or progressively reduced by increasing the radial distance from the optical distance across the transition region to obtain a non-zero phase difference between the outer region and the inner region. In some embodiments, the transition region can include a high hill portion that is interspersed between the phase portions of the progressive increase or decrease, wherein the phase can remain substantially constant. In many embodiments, the transition region is configured to cause a phase shift between two parallel rays, one of which is incident outside the transition region and the other of which is incident within the boundary of the transition region. Is a non-integer rational fraction of a design wavelength (eg, a design wavelength of 550 nm). By way of example, this phase shift can be defined according to the following relationship: Phase shift 2 ¥ PD Eq. (1A), λ OPD = (A + B) A Eq. (IB) where: A represents an integer, B represents Non-integer rational scores, while λ represents the design wavelength (eg 550 nm). 13 201103518 By way of example, the total phase shift across the transition region can be i, Λ 2 3 , etc. where λ represents the design wavelength, for example 550 nm. In many embodiments, the phase shift can be a periodic function of the wavelength of the incident radiation 'where the periodicity is equivalent to a wavelength. In many embodiments, the transition region may result in distortion of the wavefront (i.e., the wave il from the surface behind the light member) that occurs from the light member in response to incident radiation - which may be relative to its target The focus of the crystal has a focus force change. Moreover, the distortion of the wavefront can enhance the depth of the aperture for the included region, particularly for the depth of focus of the optical member having the diameter of the aperture as discussed further below. For example, the transition region can cause a phase shift between the wavefront appearing from the bruise outside the light member and the wavefront emerging from the interior thereof. Such a phase shift may cause radiation from the light member to interfere with radiation occurring from an internal portion of the light member, the interference position being that the radiation emerging from the internal portion of the light may be focused, and thus may be enhanced, for example, by The highest MTF-related asymmetric MTF (touch-slit) profile represents the ship's depth of focus inspection. The terms "depth of focus" and "depth of field of view" are used interchangeably and are known to be familiar to those skilled in the art and can be easily understood when referring to the distance of objects and image spaces on which acceptable images are acceptable. . Any further step interpretation is required to the extent that the depth of focus may be relative to a peak of a transfocus modulation transfer function (MTF) of the crystallite with a 3 mm aperture and green light (eg, having a wavelength of about 55 〇 nanometers). The degree of defocusing, in which the MTF_ is at least about 15% contrasted at the spatial frequency of the peaks. Other definitions may be and should be understood that the depth of field can be affected by many factors, 14 201103518 These factors include ' For example, the aperture, the amount of light that forms the image, and the basic ability of the crystal itself. As a further clarification, the second diagram graphically shows that there is a transition region between the internal and external portions of the surface. A segment of the wavefront generated by the front surface of the IOL according to an embodiment of the present invention, and a segment of the wavefront incident on the surface and the error of the actual wavefront can be reduced to The lowest reference spherical wavefront (indicated by the dashed line). This transitional region can cause the phase of the wavefront to be promoted (relative to the phase shift corresponding to the putative similar surface without the transition region). The focal plane of the front surface (in the absence of the transition region, in front of the nominal focal plane of the IOL) converges the wavefront. The second diagram graphically shows where the transition region can cause the phase delay of the incident wavefront. It can converge the wavefront outside the plane of the retina (within the absence of the transition region outside the nominal focal plane of the IOL). As an illustration, in the present practice, the front and/or back surface The basic contour can be defined by the following relationship: z&〇e Ά+幻~坷(2) where: C represents the curvature of the contour, k represents the conic constant, and where: f(r2, r4, r6, ...) Represents a higher order function that constitutes the base contour. By way of example, the function f can be defined by the following relationship: 15 201103518 /V,rV6,...)=<z2r2 ten + fl〆+ ... Eq. (3) where: as is the second-order deformation constant, ugly 4 is the fourth-order deformation constant, and a0 is the sixth-order deformation constant, which may also include another higher-order term. By way of example, in some embodiments, the parameter c can range from about 0.0152 mm 1 to about 0.0659 mm -1 , and the parameter k can range from about _1 162 to about -19, and can be in about 〇〇 〇〇32mm-1 to about 〇〇mm-1, a# can range from about 〇·〇mm-1 to about _0 〇〇〇〇53(_5 3χ1〇·5) mm_3 It can be in the range of about 〇.〇mm-5 to about 〇〇〇〇153 (ι.53χ1〇-4) mm_5. The use of aspherical specificity in the front and/or rear base rims, e.g., by the conic constant k, can improve the spherical aberration effect of the large aperture size. In terms of large aperture size, such asphericity can offset the optical effect of the transition region to some extent, so that a clearer MTF can be obtained. In some other embodiments, the base profile of one or both surfaces can be It has toricity (that is, it can show different bending radii along two orthogonal directions of the surfaces) to improve astigmatic aberrations. As in the above representative embodiment, the contour of the front surface 14 can be, the basic wheel temple (such as the wheel gallery defined by Eq. (1)), and the auxiliary wheel gallery. In this embodiment, the auxiliary contour (Zaux) can be defined by the following relationship:

〇, Δ («ί-Ί) ΙΔ, 〇Sr<r, ri Sr<r2 r2<r

Eq.(4) 16 201103518 where: r! denotes the radial boundary within the transition zone, r2 denotes the radial boundary outside the transition zone, and where: △ is defined by the following relation: αλ («2-« |)

Eq-(5) where: η! indicates the refractive index of the material forming the optical member' η2 indicates the refractive index of the medium surrounding the optical member, λ indicates the design wavelength, and α indicates a non-integer fraction, for example, 3^. In other words, in the present embodiment, the contour of the front surface (Zsag) is defined by the superposition of the basic rim (Zbase) and the auxiliary rim (Zaux) as defined below, and is shown graphically in the third. In the figure: ~ ^trne + ^aux Eq. (6) In the present embodiment, the auxiliary contour defined by the above relational expressions (4) and (5) is characterized by a substantially linear phase shift across the transition region. . More specifically, the auxiliary profile provides a phase shift that increases linearly from the inner boundary of the transition region to its outer boundary, and the optical path difference between the inner and outer boundaries corresponds to a non-integer fraction of the design wavelength. In many embodiments, a crystallite in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, such as the above-described crystallite 10, can provide good far-sight performance by effectively acting as a single-focusing crystal, and does not produce a straight 17 in the central region of the crystal. The optical effect of the phase shift of the small pupil diameter (eg, the pupil diameter of 2 mm) within the diameter range. In the case of a pupil diameter (for example, a pupil diameter in the range of about 2 mm to about 4 mm (e.g., a pupil diameter of about 3 mm), the optical effect caused by the phase shift (e.g., the wave leaving the crystal) The previous change) can enhance the functional near and intermediate vision. For large pupil diameters (e.g., pupils in the range of about 4 mm to about 53⁄4 m), the crystal can also provide good distance viewing performance because the phase shift only indicates the front surface that is in contact with the incident light. Part of the small part. As an illustration, the 4A-4C diagram shows the optical properties of hypothetical crystals suitable for different pupil sizes in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. It is assumed that the crystal has a front surface defined by the above relation (6) and a surface after the feature is represented by a flat convex base profile (e.g., defined by the above relation (2)). Further, the crystal has a diameter of 6 mm and its transition region extends between the inner boundary having a diameter of about 2.2 mm to a boundary having a diameter of about 2.6 mm. The base curvature of the front and back surfaces is selected such that the optical member provides a nominal optical power of 21D. Furthermore, it has been assumed that the medium surrounding the crystal has a refractive index of about 1.336. Tables 1A-1C below show various parameters of the light piece of the crystal and various parameters of its front and back surfaces.

Table 1A —~- Light parts Center thickness (mm) Diameter (mm) Refractive index 0.64 6 1.5418

Table 1B Front surface Base circle Foundation wheel _ Assist wheel shoulder cone a2 a4 a6 rl r2 Δ 18 201103518

Back surface

Base circle radius (mm) -20.23 In more detail, in each of the 4A_4C, a cross-focus modulation transfer (MTF) chart equivalent to the following modulation frequency is provided: 25 line pairs/mm, gift pair/mm' 75 lines of / mm, and 1 line of pairs / mm. The 2MTF shown in Figure 4 for a pupil of about 2 mm indicates that the crystal can provide good optical performance, such as for outdoor activities, with a depth of focus of about 0.7D, and the MTF is near the focal plane. Symmetrical. With respect to the pupil diameter of 3 mm, each of the planes shown in Fig. 4B is asymmetrical to the focal plane of the crystal (i.e., defocusing with respect to zero), and its peaks are shifted in the negative defocusing direction. Such a transfer can provide a false adjustment force to aid in near vision (eg, for reading ^ and 'the width of these MTFs is greater than the width displayed by the MTF calculated for the 2 mm pupil straight edge, which is used for the medium distance Better performance of vision. For larger pupil diameters of 4 mm (for the 4th (2), the MTF width calculated relative to the 3 mm diameter'), the width and asymmetry of the MTFs are reduced. Low-light conditions, such as for night driving, good far-sight performance. The optical effects of the phase shift can be adjusted by varying various parameters associated with the area, such as its radial extent and the rate at which the incident light is phase shifted. By way of example, the transition region defined by the above relation (3) shows a slope defined by 19 201103518 by ^y, which can be modified to adjust the size of the pupil which is particularly suitable for the middle pupil. The performance of the light member on the surface. As an illustration, the 5th A-5F diagram shows that it has a base profile defined by II Guan Wei, (2) and a relationship (4) and (5). Auxiliary & In the hypothetical crystal of the front surface of the surface profile shown in Fig. 3, the measured cross-focus modulation is calculated at a modulation frequency of 3 mm and a modulation frequency of 5 〇 line/mm. Transfer Function (MTF) It has been assumed that the optical member is formed of a material having a refractive index of 1 to 554. Further, the basic curvature of the front and rear surfaces is selected such that the optical member has a nominal optical power of about 21D. As a reference for providing an optical effect from which the transition region can be more easily understood, Figure 5A shows an MTF for a light member having a disappearance Δζ, that is, a phase shift lacking a phase shift according to the teachings of the present invention. A conventional light member having flat front and rear surfaces exhibits an MTF curve symmetrically disposed near a focus plane of the light member and exhibits a depth of focus of about 0.4 D. The fifth drawing shows a light member suitable for an optical member according to an embodiment of the present invention. MTF, wherein the front surface comprises a transition region characterized by a radial extent of about 0.01 mm and Δζ = 1 μm. The MTF chart shown in Figure 5 shows a greater depth of focus of about 1 D, which indicates the light member Enhanced view available The depth of the field. Moreover, it is asymmetrical with respect to the plane of focus of the light member. In fact, the peak of the MTF chart is closer to the light piece than its focus plane. It provides effective optical power enhancement to help close range. Read. Since the transition zone must be steeper (the radial extent is 0.01 mm18 at 0.01 mm, the fixed hold), ΔΖ = 1.5 μm (Fig. 5C), the MTF can be improved (ie, the light) The piece can provide a larger depth of field and its peak can be farther away from the light piece than the focal plane of the light piece. As shown in Figure 5D, the MTF of the optical component with eight transition zones characterized by micrometers The Mu as shown in Fig. 5A having the light member is the same. In the case of the design, the MTF pattern can be repeated for each design wavelength. By way of example, the design wavelength of the towel is 55 〇 nanometer and the light piece is made of Acrysof material (2 phenyl ethyl acrylate and methyl acrylate phenyl phenyl = crosslinked copolymer) In the embodiment formed, ΛΖ = 2.5 microns. For example, the MTF curve shown in Figure 5 corresponds to ΔΖ = 3·5 μm and λζ; 1.5 is the same as the MTF curve shown in Figure 5, and corresponds to μ-micron as shown in Figure 5F. The shown MTF curve is equivalent to Δb. The MTF curve shown in the figure is the same as the micron. The optical path difference (〇pD) corresponding to Zaux defined by the above relation (3) can be defined by the relationship: optical path difference (OPD) = (n2_n)Z\Z Eq·(7) where: ηι Represents the refractive index of the material forming the optical member, and n2 represents the refractive index of the material surrounding the optical member. Therefore, in the case of n2 = L552, ηι = 1_336, and ΛΖ is 2.5 μm, the equivalent is obtained at a design wavelength of about 55 〇 nanometer. In other words, the representative 21 201103518 MTF chart shown in the 5A_5F graph can be repeated for the variation of the phase λ 〇 PD. Various methods can be used to obtain the transition region in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, and are limited to the above-described representative regions defined by the formula (4). Further, although in some cases, the transition region includes a surface portion that changes in mildness, but in other cases, it may be formed by a plurality of surface segments separated from each other by a plurality of steps. Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic view of 1 〇 [24] according to another embodiment of the present invention including a light member 26 having a front surface 28 and a back surface 30. Similar to the previous embodiment, the contour of the front surface is characterized by a superposition of a base profile and an auxiliary profile, but wherein the auxiliary profile is different from the above-described auxiliary rim of the previous embodiment. As illustrated in Figure 7, the contour (Zsag) of the front surface 28 of the IOL 24 described above is formed by the superposition of a base profile (zbase) and an auxiliary profile (Zaux). In more detail, in the present practice, the contour of the front surface 28 can be defined by the above relation (6) copied as follows: wherein the base contour (zbase) can be defined according to the above relationship. However, the auxiliary contour (zaux) is defined by the following relation: Λα nt Eq. (8) r2a^r<rv> ru <r Δ, (H«)

(r_U Δ,, (Ί Δ, 22 201103518 where r represents the radial distance from the optical axis of the crystal, and the parameters rla, rib, 〜 and rn are described in Figure 7, and their definitions are as follows: rla The inner diameter of the first substantially linear portion of the transition region of the auxiliary profile. r]b represents the outer diameter of the first linear portion, and r2a represents the second substantially linear portion of the transition region of the auxiliary contour. The inner diameter of the portion, and hb represents the outer diameter of the second linear portion, and wherein Δ1 and 八2 are each defined according to the above relation (8). With continued reference to Fig. 7, in the present embodiment, The auxiliary profile Zaux includes flat central and outer regions 32 and 34, and a double step transition region 36 connectable to the central and outer regions. In more detail, the transition region 36 includes a linearly varying portion 36a from which the central region The outer radial boundary of 32 extends to a high hill region 36b (which extends from a radial position rla to another radial position rib). The high hill region 36b then extends from a radial position to a radial position 匕 at which position Can be connected to another linear change region 36c, which can be at a radial position r2b Extending radially outward to the outer region 34. The linearly varying portions of the transition region and 36 may have similar or different slopes. In many practices, the total phase shift provided across the two transition regions is - design wavelength (For example, the Pinnacle integer score. 5 The outline of the back surface 3 can be defined by the above relation (2) for Zbase with a suitable choice of various parameters (which includes the radius of curvature e). The basis of the front surface The radius of the profile and the curvature of the back surface and the refractive index of the material forming the crystal may be such that the crystal has a nominal refractive power of 23 201103518, such as in the range of about -15D to about +50D, or about 6D to Optical power in the range of about 34D, or in the range of about 16D to about 25D. The representative IOL 24 can provide a number of benefits. For example, it can provide clear distance vision for small pupil size, and the optical effect of the double step transition region It helps to enhance the functional near-distance and mid-range vision. Moreover, in many practices, the IOL can achieve good telephoto performance for large pupil size. As an illustration, Figure 8 shows Under the hole size, according to an embodiment of the invention, there is a front surface (the contour is defined by the above relation (2) and the auxiliary contour of the front surface is defined by the above relation (8)) and the flat surface of the convex surface is flattened. The cross-focus MTF chart calculated for the hypothetical light pieces. These MTF charts are for monochromatic incidental shots with a wavelength of 550 nm. Tables 2a-2c below provide parameters for the front and back surfaces of the light.

Table 2A Light piece Central thickness m) Diameter (mm) Refractive index 0.64 6 1.5418

Table 2B Front surface - a '-- Base contour subsidy wheel base circle radius (mm) ----- Cone constant a2 a4 a6 ria (mm) Tib (mm) T2a (mm) T2b (mm) Δ, ( Mm} ~ — △ 2 (mm) 18.93 -43-564 0 2.97E-4 -2.3E-5 1.0 1.01 1.25 1.26 0.67 2.67 Table 2C — ___ Rear surface half warp (mm) Cone constant (k) a2 a4 a6 - ^23__ 0 0 0 0 24 201103518 These MTF charts demonstrate a pupil diameter of approximately 2 mm (which is equal to the diameter of the central portion of the front surface). The light member provides single focus refractive power and has approximately 0.5D The relatively small depth of focus (which is defined as the full width at half maximum). In other words, it provides good distance viewing performance. When the pupil size is increased to about 3 mm, the optical effect of the transition region is across In the focal MTF, it becomes more noticeable. In more detail, the 3 mm MTF is significantly wider than 2 mm?411?, which indicates an increase in depth of field. Continuous reference to Fig. 8 when the pupil diameter is further increased to about 4 mm' These incident rays encounter not only the central and transitional regions, but also the front surface. A portion of the outer region. Various techniques and materials can be used to assemble the present invention! 〇 L. For example, the optical member of the IOL of the present invention can be formed from a variety of biocompatible polymer materials. Some suitable biocompatible phases Materials include, but are not limited to, soft acrylic polymers, hydrogels, polymethyl methacrylate, polyfluorene, polystyrene, cellulose TS oxime or other biocompatible materials. In the example _. Haiguang parts are known as soft acrylic polymer (acrylic acetonitrile and methacrylic acid 2 - phenyl ethyl cross-linked copolymer) 3⁄4 / into "Xuan et al. The fixing member (touch member) of the IOL may also be formed of a biocompatible material such as the above, although in some cases, the optical member and the solid member may be assembled in a single (four) form, However, in its case, WF's can be combined with techniques known in the art. Various assembly techniques known in the art can be used, such as casting 'de-IGL. In some cases, Can be used to reveal: fine 7 25 201103518 December 21 The patent application filed by the present application, entitled "Lens Surface With Combined Diffractive, Toric and Aspheric Components," and having the serial number of the assembly technique of No. ll/963,098, provides the desired contours for the front and back surfaces of the IOL. A person skilled in the art can understand that various changes can be made to the above embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention. In other aspects, the present invention provides a modulating artificial crystal and hydrographic system that can utilize an adjustable mechanism to provide a dynamic adjustment that responds to the natural throttling of the eye, and that includes at least one that is available in accordance with the teachings described above. The optical surface of the transition zone of the degree of sexual adjustment. Moreover, in some cases, at least one surface of such an accommodating crystal (or crystal system) may have a toric profile suitable for improving and preferably correcting astigmatic aberrations. The term "dynamic regulation" as used herein refers to a regulation that is replaced by and/or deformed by at least one crystal lens by implantation into one of the crystal or crystal systems of the patient's eye, and the term "false adjustment", Is used to refer to a transition of effective optical power (eg, an extended focal depth from one or more surfaces of the crystallite) via a depth of focus and/or a pupil size displayed by the crystallite by at least one crystal. ) to provide effective regulation. By way of example, FIGS. 9A and 9B are diagrammatically depicting a representative dual-light adjustment type 1 〇 [38, which includes longitudinally arranging the optical member 40 and the rear light member along the optical axis 〇A in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 42. In this embodiment, the front light member 40 can provide positive optical power, and the rear light member can provide negative optical power. As discussed further below, when I〇L is implanted into the patient's eye, the axial distance between the two optics (distance along the optical axis 〇A) can be varied in response to the natural accommodation power of the eye 26 201103518. The combined power of the optical components adapted to provide an adjustment. In some cases, the basic curvature of the surface of the two light members and the refractive index of the material forming the light members are selected such that the front light member can provide a nominal light of from about +20 D to about +6 GD ^ _ The power and the light-emitting member can provide optical power in the range of about -26D to about 4D. By way of example, the optical power of each light member can be selected such that the combined nominal power of the I 〇 L suitable for viewing a distant object (eg, an object that is greater than about a centimeter from the eye) is still about to about 34D. Within the scope. This distance vision can be obtained with the lowest axial separation of the two light members. Since the axial distance between the light members increases with the eye force of the eye, when viewing the object at a closer distance, the optical power of I 〇 L 38 increases until the maximum optical power change of the IOL is obtained. until. In some cases, the maximum optical power variation 'the phase' is the maximum axial separation of the two optical components, which may range from about 0.5D to about 2.5D. In the present embodiment, the IOL 38 can include an adjustment mechanism 44 including a leapable ring 46 and a plurality of radially extending flexible members 48. As the following progress is made, although the backlight member 42 is fixedly engaged to the ring, the front light member is consumed by the flexible member 48 to the ring, which can make the front light member relative to the rear light member. Axial transport is performed to provide conditioning. The other rear light members and the adjustment mechanism can be formed by any suitable biocompatibility (4). Some examples of this particular include, but are not limited to, hydrogels, poly-dosages, poly(meth)acrylonitrile (tetra) (PMMA), and known gamma-dienoic acid 2-phenylene and methyl (tetra) acids 2 _Phenyl ethoxylate is intended to be a combination, a polymer (a polymer material). In some cases, the light and adjustment mechanisms are formed from the same material, while in other cases they may be formed from different materials 27 201103518. Further, various techniques known in the art may be used to assemble the Adjustable type I〇L. The IOL system 38 can be implanted into the pocket of the patient via a small incision performed within the cornea when in use' whereby the annulus can be tightly coupled to the bladder. The ring can transfer a radial adjustment force applied by the bladder thereon to the flexible members 'which then radially move the front light member relative to the rear light member to adjust the light of the IOL power. In more detail, in order to view a distant object (for example, when the eye is in an adjustable state in which an object at a distance greater than about 200 cm from the sigma is viewed), the ciliary muscle of the eye relaxes to enlarge the ciliary ring. The diameter. The enlargement of the ciliary ring then causes the ciliary zonule to move outwardly to flatten the capsular bag. The flattening of the bladder can apply a pulling force to the resilient member to bring the front light member closer to the rear light member to reduce the optical power of the IOL. Conversely, in the case of a closer object (i.e., when the eye is in an adjusted state), the ciliary muscles contract to cause a decrease in the diameter of the ciliary ring. This reduction in diameter allows the outer diameter of the ciliary zonules to be flattened to the level of the sac. It can then cause the adjustment device to move the front light member from the backlight member, thus increasing the optical power of the I 〇 L system. Referring to the first, and 10C drawings, the front light member 4 includes a front surface coffee and a rear surface 40b. The front surface 4〇a includes a first (fourth) region (also referred to as an inner refractive region herein) IR, a second refractive region (also referred to as an outer refractive region herein), and a transition region therebetween. As discussed above, similar to the non-adjusting embodiments described above, the transition region configuration can provide a respective phase shift suitable for a design wavelength (e.g., 550 nm) to expand the front cake. The depth of field (and thus the depth of field of view of I 〇 L 38) and its optical power is varied to suit the specific pupil size of 28 201103518. This expansion of the depth of field provides a degree of false adjustment that enhances the dynamic adjustments obtained by the adjustment mechanism 44. By way of example, in the present embodiment, the front surface 40a of the front light member 40 has a contour (zsag) representing a characteristic by a superposition of a base profile (zbase) and an auxiliary profile (zaux): Zsag=Zbase+Zaux. In some embodiments, the base profile' can be defined in accordance with relationships (2) and (3) above, wherein the values of the various parameters are within the above ranges. Moreover, in some cases, the subsidized profile, which may be further borrowed by the above relationships (4) and (5), may include inner and outer refractive regions joined by substantially linearly varying transition regions. Alternatively, the auxiliary contour defined by the above relation (8) may include two linearly varying portions whose characteristics are extensible and high in the region. It should be understood that the auxiliary profile may take other shapes, but the constraint is that the phase shift obtained by the incident light across its transition region may result in the necessary phase shift, for example a non-integer equivalent to a design wavelength (eg 550 nm). fraction. As detailed above, the optical effect associated with the contour of the front surface (e.g., the change in the wavefront of the incident light caused by the transition region of the X auxiliary wheel gallery) can be extended. Such an extended depth of focus can provide a degree of false adjustment that can be supplemented by the dynamic adjustment provided by the adjustment mechanism 44 to enhance the adjustment of the IOL. The adjustment mechanism 44 can be provided at about 〇. 5D to about 2.5D Range: The dynamic adjustment effect' is provided by the false contour of the front surface. The modulation can be in the range of about +〇.5D to about +15D. For example, in some cases where the IOL 38 is implanted into the ocular lens, § may have a dynamic regulation of about 75.75D and a pseudo-regulation of about 0.75D. The combination of dynamic regulation and pseudo-regulation and defocusing by the natural eye itself (for example, 1D defocusing in terms of 20/40 vision) can be formed at 2.5D (0.75D+0.75D+1D) or Vision of 40 cm object distance. This vision ensures successful acceptance of most daily visual work. Referring again to Figures 10A, 10C, in some embodiments, the front surface 40b of the front crystal 40 has a toric surface. As illustrated in Figure 1, the contour of the toric surface 42 can be characterized by a different radius of curvature corresponding to two orthogonal directions (e.g., directions A and B) along the surface. The toric profile can be improved and preferably eliminates astigmatic aberrations of the eye in which the IDL is implanted. In some cases, the toricity associated with the back surface can range from about 0.75D to about 6D in the associated cylindrical power range. In addition to a dual-light-adjusting IOL (such as l〇L 38 described above), some embodiments include a single light-adjusting IOL 'where one of the surfaces of the light member includes a phase shift for incident light to expand the 〗 〖L depth of focus and add to the transition area of dynamic adjustment. Further, in some cases, the other surface of the light member may have a toric surface. By way of example, FIGS. 12A and 12B are diagrammatically depicting a representative adjustment IOL 44 according to such an embodiment, including a light member 46 having a moon surface 46a and a rear surface 46b, and operative with the light member. The adjustment mechanism 44' can move the light member along the visual axis in response to the natural adjustment force of the eye. Further details regarding the adjustment mechanism 48 and its manner of coupling with the optical member 46 can be found in the following document: "Accommodative Intraocular Lens,", U.S. Patent No. 7,029,497, incorporated herein by reference. With reference to Figures 12A and 12B, the front surface 46a may have a base contour (such as the base contour defined by the above relations (2) and (3)), and an auxiliary a contour defined by a stack of rims (such as the auxiliary contour defined by the above relation (4) and (5) or the above relation (8)). The respective phase shifts across the transition region of the front surface may be Extending the depth of focus of the optical member to supplement the dynamic adjustment provided by the adjustment mechanism 44. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, one or more of the crystals may include a flat (rather than bending) the base contour. [FIG. 1A] FIG. 1A is a schematic cross-sectional view of I〇L according to the present invention. FIG. 1B is a diagram showing I〇L shown in FIG. The surface of the previous surface Figure 2A is a graphical depiction of a transitional region provided on the surface via the teachings in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, induced in a wavefront incident on the surface of the lens in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Phase 2B is a graphical depiction of a transitional region provided on the surface via the teachings in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, induced in a wavefront incident on the surface of the crystallite in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 is a diagrammatic representation of the contour of at least one surface of a crystallite according to an embodiment of the invention, which may be characterized by the superposition of a base profile and an auxiliary profile. Figures 4A-4C are provided for A hypothetical water crystal according to an embodiment of the present invention having different pupil sizes to calculate a measured cross-focus MTF chart. Figures 5A-5F provide calculations for a hypothetical crystal according to certain embodiments of the present invention. The cross-focus] V1TF chart, in which each of the crystals has 31 201103518, has a surface that can define the transitional region and the auxiliary contour to represent the surface of the feature' Different optical path differences in the body (〇pD, which can provide different OPDs between the inner and outer regions of the auxiliary contour. Fig. 6 is a schematic cross section of an IOL according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating the outline of the front surface as a superposition of a base wheel temple and a secondary wheel temple including a double step transition region, and Fig. 8 represents a representation for use in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The hypothetical crystal of the double-step transition region is used to calculate the measured cross-focus single graph. Fig. 9A is a schematic cross-sectional view of the modulating artificial crystal (i〇l) according to an embodiment of the present invention. A schematic front view of the modulated muscle of Figure 10A. Fig. 10A is a schematic side view showing the first light member coupled to the adjustment mechanism of the crystal.

A toric surface that represents the feature with a radius of curvature. Fig. 12A is a front light member of another IOL per 10A-10B according to the present invention. Figure 10B is a view shown in Figure 11A. A schematic elevation of an adjustable IOL of an embodiment

Side view. 32 201103518 [Explanation of main component symbols] Bu 2...fixed members 10, 24, 38... artificial crystals (IOL) 12, 26... light members 14, 28, 40a, 46a... front surfaces 16, 30, 40b, 46b... rear surface 18: inner refractive area 20.. outer annular refractive area 22.. annular transition area 32.. flat central area 34.. flat outer area 36.. transition area 36a, 36c...linearly varying portion 36b...high hill area 40.··front light member 42.. rear light member 44.. adjustment mechanism 46..flexible ring 48...flexible member IB...inner radial boundary OA. . . optical axis OB. . . outer radial boundary η...the radial boundary r2 within the transition region...the radial boundary outside the transition region 33 201103518 rla... indicates The inner diameter rlb of the first substantially linear portion of the transition region of the auxiliary contour indicates that the outer diameter b of the first linear portion represents the second substantially linear portion of the transition region of the auxiliary contour The diameter r2b... indicates that the outer diameter Δ of the second linear portion is defined by Eq. (5), and is defined by Eq. (8).

Claims (1)

201103518 VII. Patent application scope: 1. An ophthalmic hydrocrystal comprising at least two light members arranged longitudinally along an optical axis, an adjustment mechanism coupled to at least one of the optical members, and adapted to respond Adjusting force of the eye of the light member to be adjusted to adjust the combined optical power of the light members to provide an adjustment function, at least one of the light members having a surface having a first refractive area and a second The refractive region and the transition region between them are characterized, wherein the optical phase shift across the transition region corresponds to a non-integer fraction of a design wavelength. 2. The ophthalmic crystal of claim 1, wherein the modulating mechanism is adapted to move at least one of the optical elements along the optical axis in response to the adjustment force of the eye to provide a conditioning effect. 3. The ophthalmic crystal of claim 1, wherein one of the optical components provides positive optical power and the other provides negative optical power. 4. The ophthalmic crystal of claim 3, wherein the positive optical power is in the range of from about +20 D to about +60 D, and the negative optical power is in the range of from about -26 D to about -2 D. 5. The ophthalmic crystal of claim 1, wherein at least one of the light members comprises a toric surface. 6. The ophthalmic crystal of claim 1, wherein the surface having the transition region has a profile defined by the following relationship (Zsag): X, 35 201103518 wherein: zsag indicates the surface relative to the optical axis The drop is a function of the radial distance from the optical axis; and zbase represents the base contour of the surface, and wherein: Δ (m) δ, 0<r <r, rj ^ r < r2 r2<r where: n represents the radial boundary within the transition region, indicating the radial boundary outside the transition region, and wherein: △ It is defined by the following relationship: . αλ Δ =-, («2-nj) where: n! represents the refractive index of the material forming the optical member, n2 represents the refractive index of the medium surrounding the optical member, and λ represents the design wavelength. And α represents a non-integer fraction. 7. The ophthalmic crystal according to claim 6, wherein i+Vi-o+*)cV + a2r2 +a4r4 +fl6r6 +..., wherein: r represents a radial distance from the optical axis, and c represents the surface The basic curvature, 36 201103518 k represents the conic constant; a2 is the second order deformation constant, a4 is the fourth order deformation constant, and a6 is the sixth order deformation constant. 8. The ophthalmic crystal according to claim 7, wherein the basic curvature c is in the range of about 0.0152 mm-1 to about 0.0659 mm-1, and the conic constant k is in the range of about -1162 to about -19. 7 in the range of about _〇〇〇〇3 2 mm] to about 〇.〇mm1, knowing that it is in the range of about 〇〇3·3 to about 0-000053 (-5.3x10) mm3, and ~ Approximately 5 mm to about 〇_〇〇 0153 (1·53χ10·4) mm. 9. If applying for the ophthalmic crystal of the first item (4), the surface having the transition region has a surface profile (Zsag) defined by the following relationship: ~ ^4bw *t where: zsag indicates that the surface is relative to the surface The drop of the optical axis as a function of the radial distance from the optical axis, and where: where: Γ represents the radial distance from the optical axis, c represents the fundamental curvature of the surface, 1^ represents the conic constant; Second-order deformation constant, 37 201103518 a4 is the fourth-order deformation constant, and a6 is the sixth-order deformation constant, and wherein: 〇^r<rla f]a^r< rlt Δ,· (Δ2 -Δ|) is wide Δ , +(ΐ^)(Γ_Γ2β)>r2a£r<r2b Δ2 Eq. (X) where: r represents the radial distance from the optical axis of the crystal, and rla represents the first substantial line of the transition region of the auxiliary contour The inner diameter of the portion; rlb represents the outer diameter of the first linear portion, r2a represents the inner diameter of the second substantially linear portion of the transition region of the auxiliary contour, and r2b represents the second linear portion The outer diameter, and wherein Δ 1 and each can be defined according to the following relationship: Δ , α!λ (η2-«ι) Δ2 = α2λ and wherein: η represents the refractive index of the material forming the optical member, η2 represents the refractive index of the medium surrounding the optical member, and λ represents the design wavelength, 38 201103518 仏Non-integer fractions, while α2 represents a non-integer fraction. 10. The ophthalmic crystal of claim 1, wherein the adjustment mechanism comprises: an annulus for positioning within the pouch, and a plurality of the annulus coupling the at least one of the optic members The flexible member, wherein the loop is adapted to cause the flexible members to move the at least one light member along the optical axis in response to an adjustment force applied to the ring by the bladder. 11. The crystal of claim 1, wherein the modulating mechanism is adapted to provide a dynamic adjustment in the range of from about 0.5D to about 2.5D. 12. The crystal of claim 11, wherein the transition region is adapted to expand the depth of focus of the crystallite by at least about 0.5D. 13. An artificial crystal system comprising an optical system adapted to be positioned within a pocket of a patient's eye, the optical system comprising a plurality of crystals, an adjustment mechanism coupled to the optical system, responsive to the natural nature of the eye Adjusting the force to vary the optical power of the optical system to provide an adjustment, the optical system having at least one toric surface, and at least one surface having a first refractive region, a second refractive region, and a transition region therebetween Wherein the transition region is configured such that the optical phase shift of the incident light across the transition region is equivalent to a non-integer fraction of a design wavelength. 14. The artificial crystal system of claim 13, wherein the design wavelength is about 550 nm. 15. The artificial crystal system of claim 13, wherein at least one of the crystals provides positive optical power, and at least one of the other crystals provides negative optical power. 16. The artificial crystal system of claim 13, wherein the adjustment mechanism is adapted to provide a dynamic adjustment in the range of from about 0.5D to about 2.5D. 17. The artificial crystal system of claim 16, wherein the transition region extends the depth of field of the crystal system to about 〇. 5 D in terms of the pupil size in the range of about 2.5 mm to about 3.5 mm. To a value in the range of about 1.25D. 18. The artificial crystal system of claim 13, wherein the adjustment mechanism is capable of relatively axially moving the two crystals of the optical system to provide a conditioning effect. 19. An artificial crystal comprising a light member having a front surface and a rear surface, an adjustment mechanism coupled to the light member, the light member being responsive to a natural adjustment force of an eye implanted in the crystal lens The viewing axis moves to provide an adjustment, wherein at least one of the surfaces includes a first refractive region, a second refractive region, and a transition region therebetween, wherein the incident light 40 having a design wavelength spans the transition region The optical phase shift of 201103518 is equivalent to a non-integer fraction of the design wavelength. 3 41