201032965 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係一種具有申請專利範圍第1項之特徵的鉗子 【先前技術】 此處提及的鉗子種類是已知的。這種鉗子具有一個由 Φ 第一及第二鉗口元件構成的鉗口。爲了能夠確實夾緊不同 大小的物件，鉗口開度是可以變化的。所以將第一及第二 鉗口元件設計成可以彼此相對移動，也就是說可以調整鉗 口開度。鉗子具有第一握柄元件及第二握柄元件，其中第 一握柄元件配屬於第二鉗口元件，第二握柄元件配屬於第 一鉗口元件。第一及第二握柄元件可以彼此相對轉動。典 型的作法是將第一及第二握柄元件以可轉動的方式安放在 一鉸接頭上’追個較接頭定義一轉動軸，讓第一及第二握 Φ 柄元件可以繞這個轉動軸轉動。握柄元件及鉗口元件的協 作方式是經由握柄元件對彼此的相對轉動，使鉗口張開或 關上。這種方式使鉗口能夠確實夾住及握緊物件。 鉗口的開度通常是可以調整的，爲此鉸接頭可以在兩 個鉗口元件中的一個鉗口元件中改變位置。這樣完全合上 的鉗子就會產生可變的鉗口開口寬度。所謂完全合上的鉗 子是指兩個握柄元件處於最短的距離。 例如前面提及的鉗子可以是一種水泵鉗。在這種情況 下，兩個鉗口元件通常是以剛性方式與其對應之握柄元件 -5- 201032965 連接，因此當鉗子打開或關上時，鉗口元件就會彼此相對 轉動。前面提及的鉗子也可以是鉗環或裝配鉗。在這種情 況下，兩個鉗口元件中至少一個鉗口元件可以對配屬於其 的握柄元件相對轉動。同時這個鉗口元件在另外一個握柄 元件中的情況是，當兩個握柄元件彼此相對轉動時，這個 鉗口元件會對另外一個鉗口元件平行移動。經由這種方式 ，不論兩個握柄元件之間是夾什樣的角度，兩個鉗口元件 始終都是彼此平行。這種鉗子的設計方式有利於夾取具有 @ 多個角及各個面均平行（俯視圖）的物件。鉗口元件的夾 面最好是平坦的，以避免傷及被夾住之物件的表面。 這種已知的鉗子的缺點是，使用者只能經由槓桿效應 增強導入握柄元件的力。之所以能夠產生槓桿效應是因爲 兩個握柄元件的作用區與鉸接頭的距離大於兩個鉗口元件 與鉸接頭的距離。作爲槓桿的握柄元件的長度不能任意延 長，否則鉗子會變得不順手。因此經由槓桿效應將手力放 大成爲鉗口之間的握力的放大倍數會受到限制。 〇 【發明內容】 本發明的目的是提出一種鉗子，此種鉗子可以提供額 外放大的握力，以及以簡單的方式改變鉗口開度。 採用具有申請專利範圍第1項之特徵的鉗子即可達到 上述目的。這種鉗子的特徵是具有一個曲桿元件。曲桿元 件是以能夠繞第一旋轉軸轉動的方式鉸接在第一握柄元件 上，其中第一旋轉軸相對於第一握柄元件位於一固定位置 -6- 201032965 。曲桿元件是以能夠繞第二旋轉軸轉動的方式鉸接在第二 握柄元件上，其中第二旋轉軸可以相對於第二握柄元件移 動位置。第一握柄元件的至少一部分以這種方式與曲桿元 件形成一根曲桿，其作用是放大導入第一旋轉軸的力。這 樣使用者的手力就會被雙重放大：第一重放大來自於握柄 元件的作用區與鉸接軸的距離大於輸入曲桿的力被導入的 第一旋轉軸與鉸接軸的距離，其中鉸接軸是指兩個握柄元 Φ 件可以繞其彼此相對轉動的軸。因此使用者的手力在導入 曲桿時就已經被放大一次。曲桿會經由曲桿力學將力再放 大一次，其中被放大的力會經由第一握柄元件被導入第二 鉗口元件，這樣就可以產生能夠將位於兩個鉗口元件之間 的物件夾住及握緊的握力。可以用簡單的方式調整鉗口開 度，也就是使曲桿元件的第二旋轉軸相對於第二握柄元件 移動位置。 一種特別有利的鉗子特徵是，第二握柄元件具有至少 φ —個第一止動元件’曲桿元件的第二旋轉軸可經由第一止 動元件相對於第二握柄元件被固定住。也說，利用止動元 件可以將曲桿元件的第二旋轉軸固定在相對於第二握柄元 件的一個特定位置，這樣就可以調整鉗口開度。此外，曲 桿經由第一止動元件支撐在第二握柄元件上，因此力可以 被導入此處’以便在第二銷口元件力形成握力。 另外一種特別有利的鉗子特徵是，鉗子具有一個能夠 將第二旋轉軸固定在第二握柄元件上的閉鎖元件。閉鎖元 件具有兩個作作用位置’其中第一個作用位置相當於閉鎖 -7- 201032965 元件的閉鎖位置’也就是將第二旋轉軸固定在第二握柄元 件上的位置’第二個作用位置相當於閉鎖元件的解開位置 ’當閉鎖元件處於鬆開位置時，第二旋轉軸可以相對於第 二握柄元件移動位置。閉鎖元件最好是與第一止動元件協 同作用。 另外一種特別有利的鉗子特徵是，閉鎖元件具有至少 一個第二止動元件，而且第二止動元件可以與第二握柄元 件的至少一個第一元件嚙合。經由這種方式，閉鎖元件可 ❹ 以和第一止動元件協同作用，也就是說，當至少一個第二 止動元件與第二握柄元件的至少一個第一元件嚙合時，閉 鎖元件就會處於閉鎖位置。反之，當至少一個第二止動元 件未與第二握柄元件的至少一個第一元件嚙合時，閉鎖元 件就會處於鬆開位置。 另外一種特別有利的鉗子特徵是，使用者可以預先利 用一個固定裝置調整曲桿元件之第二旋轉軸相對於第二握 柄元件的位置。固定裝置最好是具有一個第一止動元件及 馨 一個閉鎖元件。對這種實施方式而言，最重要的是使用者 可以在使用鉗子之前’先選定桿元件之第二旋轉軸的位置 ’而在使用鉗子時就不能再改變這個位置。 【實施方式】 第1圖顯示本發明之鉗子的一種有利的實施例。鉗子 1具的鉗口 3具有一個第一鉗口元件5及一個第二鉗口元 件7。鉗子1還具有一個第一握柄元件9及一個第二握柄 -8- 201032965 元件11。第二握柄元件配屬於第一鉗口元件5，而且 最好是以剛性連接的方式與第一鉗口元件5連接。可以將 第二握柄元件11及第一鉗口元件5製作成一個構件。 握柄元件9 ’ 1 1的連接方式使握柄元件9，；! 1能夠繞 一個旋轉點SP彼此相對轉動。第一握柄元件9配屬於第 二鉗口元件7’而且與第二鉗口元件7連接的方式使第一 握柄元件9能夠相對於第二鉗口元件7轉動，而且最好也 φ 是繞同一個旋轉點SP轉動，也就是兩個握柄元件9，11 彼此相對繞著轉動的旋轉點S P。在另外一種實施例中， 第二鉗口元件7與第一握柄元件9剛性連接，及/或與第 一握柄元件9構成一個構件。在這種情況下，當第一握柄 元件9相對於第二握柄元件1 1轉動時，第二鉗口元件7 會與第一握柄元件7共同繞旋轉點SP轉動。由於第二握 柄元件1 1與是以剛性方式與其對應之第一鉗口元件5連 接，因此在這種實施例中，兩個鉗口元件5，7也會彼此 φ 相對轉動。 在第1圖顯示的實施例中，第二鉗口元件7具有導向 面FI，F2，其中導向面FI，F2會沿著第二握柄元件1 1 的導向面FI’，F2’滑動，因此第二鉗口元件7與第一鉗口 元件5所夾的角度始終保持不變。 旋轉點SP可以沿著第二握柄元件1 1的軸向長度移動 位置。當旋轉點SP移動位置時，第一握柄元件9及第二 鉗口元件7也會直接跟著移動位置。第一鉗口元件5及第 二鉗口元件7可以經由這種方式彼此相對移動，這樣就可 -9 - 201032965 以調整鉗口開度。 此外’鉗子1還具有一個與第一握柄元件9及第二握 柄元件1 1連接的曲桿元件1 3。曲桿元件1 3是以能夠繞第 一旋轉軸轉動的方式鉸接在第一握柄元件9上，其中 第一旋轉軸S1具有一個相對於第一握柄元件9的固定位 置。例如第一旋轉軸S1可以是一個插入第一握柄元件9 內之鑽孔的銷釘。在本實施例中，曲桿元件13是嵌入第 一握柄元件9內的一個缺口的中心，第1圖中的虛線L1 ▲ 就是代表這個缺口。經由這種方式，曲桿元件13就可以 在虛線L1代表的缺口內轉動。當然也有其他的構造方式 可以讓曲桿元件13以可以轉動的方式鉸接在第—握柄元 件9上。例如可以將曲桿元件〗3設置在第—握柄元件9 的側面。重要的是’曲桿元件13要能夠繞第一旋轉軸si 相對於第一握柄元件9轉動’同時第一旋轉軸Si相對於 第一握柄元件9位於一固定位置。 曲桿元件13是以可以轉動的方式與第二握柄元件11 ❹ 連接，而且最好是以可以轉動的方式鉸接在第二握柄元件 11上。曲桿元件13可以繞第二旋轉軸S2轉動，而且第 二旋轉軸S2可以相對於第二握柄元件11移動位置。在本 實施例中，第二握柄元件11具有一個缺口 15，其中缺口 15係沿著第二握柄元件11之軸向長度的一個區域伸展。 曲桿元件1 3最好是具有一個能夠沿著缺口 1 5滑動的滑動 接頭’而且會帶動第二旋轉軸S2也沿著缺口 15移動位置 -10- 201032965 根據一種未在圖式中繪出的實施例，第二旋轉軸 可以用不連續的方式相對於第二握柄元件11移動位置 例如可以是不連續的止動位置，其中第二旋轉軸S2能 從一止動位置脫出，以進行移動。第二旋轉軸S2最好 繞第一旋轉軸S1從第二握柄元件1 1移開，並到達另外 個止動位置。在這個新的止動位置上，第二旋轉軸S2 以繞第一旋轉軸S 1朝第二握柄元件1 1的方向轉動，以 φ 入這個新的止動位置。 根據另外一種未在圖式中繪出的實施例，第二旋轉 S2可以用不連續的方式移動位置，而且不必從第二握 元件1 1被偏轉開。例如可以在缺口 1 5區域或第二旋轉 S2的位置移動路徑區域設定缺口 15或第二旋轉軸S2 以嚙合的嚙合位置。在這兩種情況中，第二握柄元件 都具有至少一個第一止動元件，曲桿元件13的第二旋 軸S2可以經由第一止動元件相對於第二握柄元件1 1被 φ 定住。也可以設置一個閉鎖元件，這個閉元件可以處於 一作用位置（閉鎖位置）及第二作用位置（鬆開位置） 閉鎖元件可以和至少一個第一止動元件協同作用。如果 鎖元件處於閉鎖位置，則第二旋轉軸S2是在一（最好 不連續）位置相對於第二握柄元件11被固定住。反之 如果閉鎖元件處於鬆開位置，則第二旋轉軸S2可以相 於第二握柄元件1 1移動位置。也可以將這種閉鎖元件 作成折疊元件，而且這種折疊元件最好是將第二旋轉 s 2可以沿著移動的整個區域蓋住。折疊元件可以繞一 S2 〇 夠 是 可 卡 軸 柄 軸 可 11 轉 固 第 〇 閉 是 對 製 軸 個 -11 - 201032965 平行於第二握柄元件11之軸向長度的軸折疊。折疊元件 配備有固定器，這個固定器與設於第二旋轉軸S2上的相 應固定器協同作用，因此當折疊元件處於閉鎖位置時，第 二旋轉軸S2的位置就會被固定住。只要將折疊元件向上 翻開，就可以將折疊元件鬆開，這樣折疊元件的方向就會 垂直於第1圖中第二握柄元件11面對或背面觀察者之視 線的一個面，例如包含缺口 15的面。當折疊元件處於向 上翻開的狀態時，折疊元件的固定器不會與設於第二旋轉 ^ 軸S2上的相應固定器協同作用，因此第二旋轉軸S2可以 移動位置。 總之，此處提及的未在圖式中繪出的實施例具有一個 固定裝置，使用者可以利用這個固定裝置調整曲桿元件13 之第二旋轉軸S2相對於第二握柄元件11的位置。這種固 定裝置可以是簡單的止動裝置，第二旋轉軸S2可以很容 易的從這種止動裝置移出，這種固定裝置也可以是必須由 使用者親自操作才能使第二旋轉軸S2移動位置的閉鎖機 @ 構。 如前面所述，在第1圖的實施例中，第二旋轉軸S2 是經由一滑動接頭以可移動的方式被安置於缺口 15中。 第二握柄元件11至少設有一個第一止動元件17’曲桿元 件13的第二旋轉軸S2可以經由第一止動元件17相對於 第二握柄元件11被固定住。這至少一個第—止動元件17 是一個齒或齒柵，而且這至少一個齒或齒柵可以與另外至 少一個齒或齒柵協同作用，以達到閉鎖效果。也可以使用 -12- 201032965 其他的止動元件：例如可以在第二握柄元件丨〗內設置至 少一個凹槽’而且至少有一個銷釘嵌入這個凹槽。反過來 也可以在第二握柄元件11上設置至少一個銷釘，這至少 一個與至少一個對應的凹槽協同作用。 此外’如第1圖之實施例的鉗子還具有一個閉鎖元件 1 9 ’當閉鎖元件丨9處於第一作用位置時，也就是處於閉 鎖位置時’閉鎖元件19會與第一止動元件17協同作用， φ 以便將第二旋轉軸S2固定在第二握柄元件11上。當閉鎖 元件19處於第二作用位置時，也就是處於鬆開位置時， 第二旋轉軸S2可以相對於第二握柄元件11移動位置。在 這種情況下’閉鎖元件1 9不會與至少一個第—止動元件 1 7協同作用。 最好是設有一個操作元件2 1，例如可以將操作元件 2 1設置在閉鎖元件1 9上，並可經由閉鎖元件1 9接受朝閉 鎖位置之方向的力的作用。本文後面將配合第5圖至第7 修 圖詳細說明閉鎖元件19及操作元件21的作用方式。下一 段將配合第1圖及第3圖說明如第1圖所示之第一種實施 的鉗子1的作用方式。 如前面所述’第1圖的鉗子1處於鉗口開度最小的閉 合位置。鉗子1的這個狀態可以稱爲初始狀態。曲桿元件 13的第二旋轉軸S2是在缺口 15內被整個向上移動。第 二旋轉軸S2或曲桿元件13的這個位置（在第2圖中亦有 顯示）可以稱爲初始位置。爲了能夠用鉗子丨將物件夾住 ’第一握柄元件9要繞旋轉點s P從第二握柄元件1〗偏轉 -13- 201032965 開。同時曲桿元件13也要繞旋轉點SP的兩個旋轉軸si ，S2轉動，以便使第二鉗口 7相對於第一鉗口 5移動位 置，這樣就可以到達如第2圖顯示的鉗子1的最大鉗口開 度。第二旋轉軸S2會先停留在其相對於第二握柄元件11 的位置。 第2圖顯示鉗子在夾住物件之前的最大鉗口開度狀態 。在所有的圖式中，構造及功能相同的元件均以相同的元 件符號表示。第2圖中虛線繪出的圓標示在第6圖中被局 部放大的區域。 此時鉗口 3處於最大鉗口開度狀態，因此可將要夾住 的物件放到鉗口之間。爲了能夠將物件夾住，需要將第一 握柄元件9繞旋轉點SP轉向第二握柄元件1 1。由於滑動 接頭內作用在缺口 15中的第二旋轉軸S2上的附著摩擦力 大於阻止第二鉗口元件7或旋轉點SP移動作置的附著摩 擦力，因此接下來的第一握柄元件9的轉動運動會使第二 鉗口 7向要夾住的物件移動，其中旋轉點SP的位置會向 上移動，因而離開第二旋轉軸S2。此時曲桿元件13會同 時繞第一旋轉軸S1及第二旋轉軸S2轉動。但由於滑動接 頭內產生的附著摩擦力，因此第二旋轉軸S2的位置不會 移動，而是留在其相對於第二握柄元件11的固定位置。 當第一鉗口元件5及第二鉗口元件7緊貼在要夾件的物件 上，就會產生一個阻止第二鉗口元件7繼續向第一鉗口元 件5移動的力。當這個力大於阻止第二旋轉軸S2相對於 第二握柄元件11移動的附著摩擦力時，第二旋轉軸S2就 -14 - 201032965 會開始向下移動。 爲了簡化說明起見，首先假設要夾住的物件的大小大 約相當於如第2圖顯示之鉗口 3的近似最大鉗口開度。在 這種情況下’在第二旋轉軸S2開始向下移動之前，第二 鉗口元件7最多只會向要夾住的物件或第鉗口元件5略微 移動。第二旋轉軸S2會一直向下移動，直到第一握柄元 件9相對於第二握柄元件11到達閉合位置。如此處假設 φ 的，如果要夾住之物件的大小大約相當於鉗口 3的最大鉗 口開度，第二旋轉軸S2的位置就會移動到缺口 1 5的底部 Tm ° 第3圖顯示第一種實施例之鉗子1在接近最大鉗口開 度時的閉合狀態。在所有的圖式中，構造及功能相同的元 件均以相同的元件符號表示。第3圖中虛線繪出的圓標示 在第7圖中被局部放大的區域。如前面所述，被鉗口 3夾 住的物件的大小大約相當於如第3圖顯示之鉗口 3的近似 φ 最大鉗口開度。 在第3圖顯示的鉗子1的閉合狀態下，第一握柄元件 9及第二握柄元件11之間的距離是固定的，與鉗口開度無 關。如果用這支鉗子夾取不同大小的物件，在鉗子的閉合 狀態下，握柄元件9，1 1之間的距離始終是固定的。與此 相應的，曲桿元件1 3相對於第二握柄元件1 1的角度也是 固定的。此外，在閉合狀態下，旋轉點SP及第二旋轉軸 S2之間沿著第二握柄元件1 1測量的距離也是固定的。 由於被夾住之物略小於最大鉗口開度，因此鉗口 3並 -15- 201032965 未達到最大開度’也就是說第二旋轉軸S2並非正好位於 缺口 1 5的最底端。在閉合狀態下，操作元件2 1會使閉鎖 元件1 9移動到閉鎖狀態。因此第二旋轉軸S 2會相對於第 二握柄元件11被固定住。本文後面將配合第5圖至第7 圖詳細說明閉鎖元件1 9及操作元件2 1的作用方式。 使用者的手力會被第一握柄元件9構成的槓桿放大， 並被導引到曲桿元件13的第一旋轉軸S1。這個力會被曲 桿機構再度放大，此時會形成一個力的三角形，這個三角 參 形的股是一個在旋轉點SP及第一旋轉軸S1之間延伸的第 —握柄元件9的前端區域23及曲桿元件13。力會經由這 個力的三角形被導入第二鉗口元件7，這些力會作用在旋 轉點SP上，並推動第二鉗口元件7朝第一鉗口元件5的 方向移動。最後的合力是一個沿著旋轉點SP及第二旋轉 軸S2之間作用的軸作用的握力。這個握力會經由閉鎖元 件19及第一止動元件17被導入第二握柄元件U。 從第3圖可以看出，在鉗子1的閉合狀態，前端區域 φ 2 3及曲桿元件1 3構成的曲桿不會到達其頂點。尤其是曲 桿元件1 3及第二握柄元件1 1所夾的角度始終會大於曲桿 的自行制動出現的臨界角。所謂曲桿的自行制動是指，在 一個小於前面提及的臨界角的角度下，一個沿軸向（也就 旋轉點SP及第二旋轉軸S2的連接線的方向）被導入曲桿 的力’由於減速的關係變成一個較小的、沿徑向作用在第 一旋轉軸S1的力，因此不再能夠將曲桿從曲的頂點偏轉 開。如果由於減速比的關係，使作用在第一旋轉軸S 1的 -16- 201032965 力變小而不再能夠克服摩擦力，則所給的軸向力就不再能 夠將曲桿打開。因此第一種實施例將鉗子1的構造設計成 鉗子1的所有狀態都不會達到臨界角（從這個角度起會發 生自行制動）。因此很容易就可以將曲桿再度打開，以便 將被鉗口 3夾住的物件鬆開。 以下要說明的情況是要夾取的物件小於鉗口 3的最大 可能開度。爲此首先要回頭看第2圖。如前面所述，在夾 φ 住物件之前，鉗子1處於最大開度狀態。爲了將物件夾住 ，第一握柄元件9必須從最大開度位置再度繞旋轉點SP 轉向第二握柄元件11。此時第二鉗口 7會朝第一鉗口 5的 方向移動，而曲桿元件13則會同時繞第一旋轉軸S1及第 二旋轉軸S2轉動。如前面所述，由於減速比的關係，第 二旋轉軸S2會得在圖式中原來的位置。第二鉗口元件7 會一直向上移動，直到與第一鉗口元件5共同將要夾取的 物件夾住爲止，也就是直到鉗口 3將物件夾住爲止。此時 . 會有一個力作用在第二鉗口元件7上，以阻止第二鉗口元 件7繼續朝第一鉗口元件5的方向移動。如第一握柄元件 9進一步轉動，曲桿元件13的第二旋轉軸S2就會開始向 下移動。和第3圖顯示的鉗子1狀態相反，由於此時鉗口 3夾住的是較小的物件，因此旋轉點S P的位置比較靠近 第一鉗口元件5。與此相對應的，當鉗子1處於閉合狀態 ’第二旋轉軸S2相對於第二握柄元件11亦處於一較高的 位置。當第一握柄元件9到達與第二握柄元件1 1之間的 距離最小的位置，操作元件21就會再度使閉鎖元件1 9與 -17- 201032965 第一止動元件17協同作用，因而使曲桿元件13的第二旋 轉軸S2相對於第二握柄元件11被固定住。此時鉗子1會 達到一類似於第3圖的狀態。只是此時第二鉗口元件7、 第一握柄元件9、以及曲桿元件13的位置都會高於在第3 圖中的位置，而且高出的程度剛好就等於此時要夾住之物 件小於第3圖要夾住之物件的尺寸。由於閉鎖元件19與 第一止動元件17協同作用，因此會產生附著摩擦力，而 且這個摩擦力會以和第3圖完全一樣方式的被導入要夾住 的物件。 使用鉗子的過程：從第1圖的狀態開始使用鉗子，並 進入第2圖的狀態，當鉗子夾住物件時，由於第二旋轉軸 S2之滑動接頭部分的摩擦力及相對而言較小的旋轉點Sp 的摩擦力的關係，鉗子會自動調整到適當的鉗口開度。這 表示，在圖式的實施例中，使用者不需要選擇或事先調整 鉗口開度。當鉗口元件5，7已確實將要夾住的物件圍住 ’表示鉗子已調整到適當的鉗口開度，第一握柄元件9就 會相對於第二握柄元件11轉動到一規定的固定的夾取位 置或閉合位置。在此固定的夾取或閉合位置，兩個握柄元 件9，11最好是彼此基本上平行。也就是說最好是達到讓 使用者覺得特別舒服的平行夾取位置。 适樣就可以貫現一個由握柄兀件9，11之閉合位置定 義的與要夾取之物件的大小完全無關的理想夾取區，使用 者可以經由這個夾取區將握力導入要夾取的物件。特別是 使用者可以一隻手牢牢握住鉗子，並對鉗子施力，而且這 -18- 201032965 個力可以大於現有技術所能施加的力，因爲對現有技術的 鉗子而言’握柄元件9，11之間的距離會隨要夾取之物件 的大小而改變，而且這個距離很可能是相當大的。 如第2圖所不，每當鉗子1要夾住不同大小的物件時 ，首先握柄元件9，11會移動到其最大張開位置。接著將 要夾住的物件放到鉗口 3內，並使握柄元件9，1 1從最大 張開位置朝彼此移動。具有決定性的是，阻止配屬於第二 φ 旋轉軸S2之滑動接頭沿著第二握柄元件11移動的摩擦力 會大於阻止旋轉點SP沿著第二握柄元件11移動的摩擦力 〇 可以用不同的方式產生作用在滑動接頭內的摩擦力。 例如一種可能的方式是，在製造鉗子1時，將滑動軸承及 第二握柄元件之間的公差調整到能夠產生所希望的摩擦力 的程度。另外一種可能的方式是，在滑動軸承的區域設置 能夠在滑動軸承及第二握柄元件之間產生摩擦力的彈簧元 φ 件，例如盤形彈簧。另外一種可能的方式是，將滑動接頭 塗上黏稠的油脂，以阻止滑動元件沿著第二握柄元件移動 。另外一種可能的方式是，在滑動接頭內或滑動接頭上設 置一個調節螺絲，這個調節螺絲會直接或經由一個摩擦楔 作用在第二握柄元件上。這種實施方式可以用很簡單的方 法調整或再校正阻止滑動接頭沿著第二握柄元件移動的摩 擦力。 如前面在第1圖的說明中提及的，在其他的實施例中 ，使用者可以利用一種固定裝置預先調整曲桿元件13之 •19- 201032965 第二旋轉軸S 2相對於第二握柄元件1 1的位置。在這種情 況下’在使用鉗子1時鉗口開度不會自動調整，而是以手 動方式改變第二旋轉軸S2相對於第二握柄元件11的位置 ，以調整鉗口開度。如果第二旋轉軸S2的位置經過使用 者確定過一次，則在夾取要夾住的物件時不會產生固定的 夾取區’而是兩個握柄元件9，11之間的距離會隨夾取物 件之大小而改變。對這種實施例而言，—種有利的方式是 使第二鉗口元件7以剛性方式與第一握柄元件9連接。這 樣第二鉗口元件7就會與第一握柄元件9 一起繞旋轉點 SP轉動。雖然鉗子1的這種實施例並不具備固定的夾取 區及自動調整鉗口開度的優點，但仍保留了能夠將經曲桿 放大的力導入要夾住之物件的優點，而這種優點是現有技 術之鉗子所沒有的。此外’鉗口開度是可以調整的（手動 調整及不連續的位置）。 在圖式顯示的實施例中’第二鉗口元件7可以相對於 第一握柄元件9繞旋轉點SP轉動。由於第二鉗口元件7 具有導向面FI’ F2，且導向面FI，F2會與第二握柄元件 11上相應的導向面F1’，F2’協同作用，因此可以確保兩 個鉗口元件5’ 7之間始終夾一個固定的角度。也就是說 ’即使鉗口兀件5’ 7發生相對位移，配屬於第一鉗口元 件5的第一夾面25及配屬於第二鉗口元件7的第二夾面 2 5 ’之間始終夾一個固定的角度。以這種方式可以特別牢 靠夾住同樣是彼夾一固定角度的物件（例如具有平行的面 的物件）。 -20- 201032965 一種特別有利的方式是夾面25，25,均爲平坦的面。 這樣做的優點是，要夾住之物件的表面不會被夾面25, 2 5 ’損傷’尤是刮傷。當然，在鉗子1的其他實施例中， 夾面也可以是不平坦的，例如夾面帶有凸起及凹陷，這樣 做的好處可以非常牢靠的將物件夾住。 如果要夾住的物件是鎖螺絲用的零件，也就是要用鉗 子1鎖緊或鬆開的螺絲，則利用圖式中的實施例可以很舒 φ 服的完成這個工作。如果是要將物夾住，並轉動一個特定 的角度’使用者很容易就可以把握住鉗子1的手鬆開，然 後提高握柄元件9，11之間的距離。尤其是由於阻止第二 旋轉軸S2移動位置的附著摩擦力的關係，經設定的鉗口 開度或第二旋轉軸S 2相對於第二握柄元件1 1的位置不會 發生改變。但是鉗口元件5，7之間的距離至少可以擴大 到能夠將物件輕輕夾住的程度。 經由自行制動的，也就是阻止第二旋轉軸S2移動位 φ 置的附著摩擦力，鉗子甚至可以張的相當開，而不會導致 已設定的鉗口開度發生改變。總體而言，這種實施例能夠 以簡單的方式實現棘輪功能，這種功能讓使用者能夠確實 及快速的將螺絲鎖緊或鬆開，因爲鉗子1可以簡單及快速 的將螺絲夾住。 如果要將夾住的物件鬆開，然後夾取另外一件不同大 小的物件，鉗子必須回復到第2圖顯示的狀態，也就是最 大鉗口開度的狀態，以便能夠重新調整鉗口開度。爲此需 使第一握柄元件9繞旋轉點SP從第二握柄元件1 1偏轉開 -21 - 201032965 ，其中由於前面提及的摩擦比的關係’首先旋轉點SP會 與第二紺口元件7 —起向下移動。同時曲桿元件13會繞 旋轉軸SI，S2轉動，但是第二旋轉軸S2的位置並不會移 動。當第二鉗口元件7到達下止檔27而不能繼續向下移 動時，第二旋轉軸S2就會開始相對於第二握柄元件U向 上移動。第一握柄元件9可以一直向上轉動’直到第二旋 轉軸S2再度回到第2圖顯示的最高點，也就是回復到第 二旋轉軸S2的初始位置。當第一握柄元件9繞旋轉點sp 轉向第二握柄元件1】’由於摩擦比的關係，旋轉點SP會 與第二鉗口元件7 —起向上滑動到第一鉗口元件5,這樣 就可以夾住新的物件或設定新的鉗口開度，接下來的動作 就和前面關於第2圖及第3圖的說明一樣。 在這種實施例中，每當設定新的鉗口開度時，鉗子就; 必須回復到第2圖顯示的狀態。因此另外一個實施例設有 一個復位元件，這個復位元件係設置在第二握柄元件 U 上，並與曲桿元件13協同作用，以便使曲桿元件13因爲 復位元件施加的拉力及/或壓力而回復到第1圖或第2 81 顯示的初始位置。例如可以用拉力彈簧作爲復位元件，當 第二旋轉軸S2向下移動時，拉力彈簧會被張緊，因而將 拉力導入第二旋轉軸S2，由於這個拉力的關係，使第二 旋轉軸S2可以向上移動到初始位置。另一方面，也可以 用壓縮彈簧作爲復位元件，當第二旋轉軸S2向下移動時 ，壓縮彈簧會被壓縮，因而將壓力導入第二旋轉軸S2, 由於這個壓力的關係，使第二旋轉軸S2可以向上移動到 -22- 201032965 初始位置。不論是以何種構件作爲復位元件，當鉗口 3不 再夾住任何物件時，復位元件都會使鉗子1自動回復到一 個特定狀態，在此狀態下，第二旋轉軸S2係處於初始狀 態。因此使用者不必爲了回到初始狀態而重新將鉗子完全 張開。但是這種實施例的缺點是無法以前面提及的相同方 式實現第3圖之實施例的棘輪功能。這是因爲當握力鬆開 時，第二旋轉軸S2就會被復位元件向上拉動或推擠，因 φ 此每當要夾取新物件時都必須重新調整鉗口開度。這至少 會增加夾取的難度，因此不能保證可以將螺絲快速鎖緊或 鬆開。 第4圖顯示第1圖至第3圖之實施例的鉗子1的曲桿 元件13。曲桿元件13具有一個頭部區29。頭部區29可 以進入前面在第1圖之說明中提及的第一握柄元件9的缺 口。曲桿元件13具有一個鑽孔31，第一旋轉軸S1穿過 鑽孔3 1，且經由鑽孔3 1可以將曲桿元件1 3固定在第一握 φ 柄元件9上。曲桿元件13在其背對頭部區29的部分具有 兩個股3 3，3 3 ’，股3 3，3 3 ’在其背對頭部區2 9的底端部 分各有一個鑽孔3 5，3 5 ’。股3 3，3 3 ’的構造方式使其能夠 將第二握柄元件1 1的部分區域圍住。第二旋轉軸S2能夠 穿過缺口 15及鑽孔35，35’，以便將曲桿元件13以可轉 動的方式固定在第二握柄11上。以這種方式也可以實現 一能夠相對於第二握柄元件13移動的滑動接頭。在鉗子1 的其他實施例中，可以使用不同構造方式的曲桿元件1 3， 並以其他的方式固定在第一及第二握柄元件9，11上。重 -23- 201032965 要的是，曲桿元件13是以可以繞第一旋轉軸S1轉動的方 式鉸接在第一握柄元件9上，其中第一旋轉軸S1相對於 第一握柄元件9位於一固定位置，同時曲桿元件13是以 可以繞第二旋轉軸S2轉動的方式鉸接在第二握柄元件11 上，其中第二旋轉軸S2可以相對於第二握柄元件1 1移動 〇 第5圖顯示第1圖至第3圖之實施例的鉗子1的閉鎖 元件19。閉鎖元件19具有兩個股37，37’’股37，37’各 有一個鑽孔39，39’。閉鎖元件19的作用是將第二旋轉軸 S2相對於第二握柄元件1 1的位置固定住。可以將閉鎖元 件19設置於第二握柄元件11上的曲桿元件13部分。閉 鎖元件19的股37，37’最好也是至少將第二握柄元件11 的部分區域圍住，其中可以將閉鎖元件19的股37，37’設 置在曲桿元件13的股33，33’之內或之外。一個構成第二 旋轉軸S2的元件，例如銷釘，可以穿過鑽孔39，39’，以 便固定及導引閉鎖元件19。 閉鎖元件1 9最好是可以相對於第二握柄元件1 1轉動 。在本實施例中，閉鎖元件19可以繞第二旋轉軸S2轉動 。閉鎖元件1 9可以轉動到第一作用位置（相當於閉鎖位 置），在此位置時，第二旋轉軸S2被固定在第二握柄元 件1 1上。閉鎖元件1 9也可以轉動到第二作用位置（相當 於鬆開位置），在此位置時，第二旋轉軸S2可以相對於 第二握柄元件I1移動。 根據一種有利的實施例，閉鎖元件1 9也可以相對於 -24 201032965 曲桿元件1 3轉動。因此這兩個元件之間並非剛性連接， 而是二者都可以各自繞第二旋轉軸S2轉動。 閉鎖元件19最好具有至少一個第二止動元件41。第 二止動元件41可以與第二握柄元件11的至少一個第一止 動元件1 7嚙合。止動元件1 7，4 1的形狀最好是彼此互補 。由於在本實施例中，第一止動元件17是由至少一個齒 或齒柵構成，因此第二止動元件41也是由至少一個齒或 φ 齒柵構成。相對應的齒可以彼此嚙合，以使閉鎖元件19 與第一止動元件17定位或閉鎖在一起。如前面在關於第1 圖的說明中提及的’也可以將止動元件設計成其他的形狀 。例如可以將第一及第二止動元件分別設計成銷釘及凹槽 〇 尤其是從前面關於第1圖的說明可以看出，整個閉鎖 元件19的構造可以完全不同於在本實施例中的構造。例 如可以在不連續的閉鎖位置將第二旋轉軸S2閉鎖。閉鎖 φ 機構可以具有一個按鈕。也可以將第二握柄元件11設圍 成具有兩個彼此隔一段距離的缺口，第二旋轉軸S2可以 轉入适兩個缺口’以固疋自身的位置。另外一種可能的方 式是在第二握柄元件11上設置一個閉鎖折疊機構，此閉 鎖折疊機構具有一個折疊元件’當折疊元件被翻轉到第二 握柄元件11上，就能夠將第二旋轉軸S2確實固定在一規 定位置上。 以下配合第6圖及第7圖進一步說明閉鎖元件19的 閉鎖機構，尤其是說明其與操作元件21的關係。 -25- 201032965 第6圖是第2圖中以虛線繪出之圓形區域的局部放大 圖。在所有的圖式中，構造及功能相同的元件均以相同的 元件符號表示。鉗子1處於張開狀態。閉鎖元件19處於 第二作用位置，也就是鬆開位置，其中閉鎖元件19是位 於一個繞第二旋轉軸S2從第二握柄元件11偏轉開的位置 。此時第二止動元件41及第一止動元件17並未嚙合。最 好設有一個彈簧元件43，彈簧元件43會朝閉鎖元件丨9之 鬆開位置的方向對閉鎖元件19施加預力。在本實施例中 ’彈簧元件43是是由壓縮彈簧構成，其作用是將閉鎖元 件1 9推擠到鬆開位置。在另外一個未在圖式中繪出的實 施例中，彈簧元件43是由拉力彈簧構成，其作用是將閉 鎖元件1 9拉到鬆開位置。在本實施例中，由於鉗子1處 於張開狀態，操作元件21不會與第一握柄元件9或桿元 件1 3協同作用，因此不會有任何能夠將閉鎖元件1 9移動 到閉鎖位置的力被導入閉鎖元件1 9。 因此閉鎖元件1 9會被彈簧元件43確實固定在鬆開位 置。也就是說，第二旋轉軸S2可以相對於第二握柄元件 1 1移動位置。 在本實施例中，如果鉗子1閉合，同時第二旋轉軸 S2向下移動，第一握柄元件9最後會到達一個與操作元 件21嚙合的位置。由於操作元件21位於閉鎖元件19上 ，因此當第一握柄元件9進一步向第二握柄元件11移動 ，就會將朝閉鎖位置之方向作用的力導入閉鎖元件1 9。如 果以這種方式導入的力大於彈簧元件43朝鬆開位置之方 -26- 201032965 向作用的力，閉鎖元件19就會被推擠到第一作用位置， 也就是閉鎖位置。 第7圖是第3圖中以虛線繪出之圓形區域的局部放大 圖。在所有的圖式中，構造及功能相同的元件均以相同的 元件符號表示。從第7圖可以看出，在本實施例中，操作 元件2 1是受到第一握柄元件9的控制。另外一種實施例 則是以曲桿元件1 3控制操作元件2 1。第7圖中的閉鎖元 φ 件19是處於第一作用位置，也就是閉鎖位置。被導入操 作元件21的力使閉鎖元件19能夠抗拒彈簧元件43的作 用力而繞第二旋轉軸S2轉向第二握柄元件11，因而使第 二止動元件41與第一止動元件17嚙合。因此第二旋轉軸 S 2就不再能夠相對於第二握柄元件1 1移動位置。力可以 經由第一及第二止動元件17，41導入第二握柄元件11， 這些力經由曲桿元件13及第一握柄元件9的前端區域23 構成的曲桿將一個固持力導入鉗口 3的第二鉗口元件7。 φ 從第7圖還可以看出，在本實施例的鉗子1中，夾取 區都是固定的，也就是說握柄元件9，11之間的距離是固 定的，與要夾取之物件的大小無關。如果物件被鉗口 3夾 住’當第一握柄元件9轉向第二握柄元件11時，第二旋 轉軸S2的位置會一直移動，直到第一握柄元件9到達與 操作元件21嚙合的位置爲止。然後第二旋轉軸S2的位置 會被操作元件2 1及閉鎖元件1 9固定住，這樣就可以產生 固持力。但是握柄元件9，11的相對位置，也就是第一握 柄元件9與操作元件21嚙合的位置，僅與操作元件21的 -27- 201032965 構造有關。也就是說這個位置與要夾住之物件的大小及相 應的鉗口開度完全無關。特別是可以經由操作元件2 1被 固定在閉鎖元件19上的角度調整夾取區，讓使用者可以 舒服及用力的操作鉗子1。 一種有利的方式是將操作元件2 1製作成一種彈性構 件。以這種方式可以補償止動元件1 7，4 1必要的不連續 嚙合。假設操作元件2 1是剛性的，一種可能出現的情況 是，在一給定的鉗口開度下，當閉鎖元件1 9正位於兩個 止動位置之間時，閉鎖元件1 9需轉動到閉鎖位置。此時 如果將很大的力導入處於這個位置的閉鎖元件19，可能會 導致止動元件17’ 41受損。此外，曲桿元件13或第二旋 轉軸S2會在接近其最終位置之處被卡住，因而第一握柄 元件9也不能到達其最終夾取位置，因此就不能形成固定 的夾取區。反之’如果操作元件21是彈性的，當止動元 件17’ 41在穩定的止動位置之外的地方相撞時，操作元 件2 1會允許第一握柄元件9在操作元件2 1變形的情況下 繼續轉動’因此第二旋轉軸S2可以繼續向下移動。這樣 就可以確保在任何情況下都可以到達止動元件1 7，4 1之 間的一個穩定的嚙合位置。以及確保在握柄元件9，11之 間能夠形成固定的夾取區。這樣在任何情況下，不論要夾 住之物件的大小’都可以將穩定的固持力導入鉗口 3，而 且止動元件17’ 41也不會有受損的危險。 操作元件2 1具有彈性的另外一個優點是，握柄元件9 ，U可以彼此略微轉開’而不會使閉鎖元件19被彈簧元 -28- 201032965 是 元 鉗 絲 轉 子 的 此 的 示 具 而 被 頭 11 4 5 以 軸 中 e201032965 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention is a pliers having the features of claim 1 of the patent application. [Prior Art] The types of pliers mentioned herein are known. The pliers have a jaw formed by Φ first and second jaw members. In order to be able to pinch objects of different sizes, the jaw opening can be varied. Therefore, the first and second jaw members are designed to be movable relative to each other, that is, the jaw opening can be adjusted. The pliers have a first grip element and a second grip element, wherein the first grip element is associated with the second jaw element and the second grip element is assigned to the first jaw element. The first and second grip elements are rotatable relative to each other. Typically, the first and second grip members are rotatably mounted on a hinge head to define a rotation axis for the first and second grip Φ shank members to rotate about the rotation axis. The cooperation of the grip member and the jaw member is such that the jaws are opened or closed by relative rotation of the grip members relative to each other. This way the jaws can actually grip and grip the object. The opening of the jaws is usually adjustable so that the hinge can change position in one of the two jaw members. This fully closed pliers produces a variable jaw opening width. The so-called fully closed pliers means that the two grip elements are at the shortest distance. For example, the aforementioned pliers can be a water pump pliers. In this case, the two jaw members are usually connected in a rigid manner to their corresponding grip members -5 - 201032965, so that when the pliers are opened or closed, the jaw members are rotated relative to each other. The aforementioned pliers can also be pliers or assembly pliers. In this case, at least one of the two jaw members can be relatively rotated about the grip member associated therewith. At the same time, the jaw member is in the other grip member such that when the two grip members are rotated relative to each other, the jaw member moves parallel to the other jaw member. In this way, the two jaw elements are always parallel to each other regardless of the angle between the two grip elements. This type of pliers is designed to facilitate the gripping of objects with @ multiple angles and parallel to each side (top view). The jaws of the jaw members are preferably flat to avoid injury to the surface of the object being clamped. A disadvantage of this known pliers is that the user can only increase the force introduced into the grip element via the lever effect. The leverage effect is due to the fact that the distance between the active area of the two grip elements and the joint is greater than the distance between the two jaw elements and the joint. The length of the grip element as a lever cannot be arbitrarily lengthened, otherwise the pliers may become unsatisfactory. Therefore, the magnification of the grip force between the jaws by the lever effect is limited. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [The present invention] An object of the present invention is to provide a pliers which can provide an externally enlarged grip force and change the jaw opening in a simple manner. This can be achieved by using pliers having the features of item 1 of the scope of the patent application. This type of pliers is characterized by having a crank member. The crank member is hinged to the first grip member in such a manner as to be rotatable about the first axis of rotation, wherein the first axis of rotation is in a fixed position -6 - 201032965 with respect to the first grip member. The crank member is hinged to the second grip member in a rotatable manner about the second axis of rotation, wherein the second shaft is movable relative to the second grip member. At least a portion of the first grip element forms a curved rod with the crank member in such a manner as to amplify the force introduced into the first rotating shaft. Thus, the user's hand force is double-amplified: the first re-amplification comes from the distance between the active area of the grip element and the hinge axis is greater than the distance between the first rotation axis and the hinge axis to which the force of the input crank is introduced, wherein the hinge is hinged. The shaft refers to an axis about which the two grip elements Φ can be rotated relative to each other. Therefore, the user's hand force has been enlarged once when the crank is introduced. The crank will re-amplify the force once by the bending bar mechanics, wherein the amplified force is introduced into the second jaw element via the first grip element, thus creating an object clip that can position the two jaw elements Live and hold the grip. The jaw opening can be adjusted in a simple manner, i.e., the second axis of rotation of the crank member is moved relative to the second grip member. A particularly advantageous pliers feature is that the second grip element has at least φ - a first stop element. The second axis of rotation of the crank element can be secured relative to the second grip element via the first stop element. It is also said that the second rotating shaft of the crank member can be fixed at a specific position with respect to the second grip member by means of the stopper member, so that the jaw opening can be adjusted. Furthermore, the crank is supported on the second grip element via the first stop element so that force can be introduced here to create a grip force at the second pin element force. Another particularly advantageous pliers feature is that the pliers have a latching element that secures the second axis of rotation to the second grip element. The blocking element has two actuating positions 'where the first acting position corresponds to the blocking position of the blocking -7- 201032965 element', ie the position at which the second rotating shaft is fixed on the second grip element' second active position Equivalent to the unlatched position of the blocking element 'When the blocking element is in the released position, the second rotating shaft can be moved relative to the second grip element. Preferably, the blocking element cooperates with the first stop element. Another particularly advantageous pliers feature is that the latching element has at least one second stop element and the second stop element is engageable with at least one first element of the second grip element. In this way, the blocking element can cooperate with the first stop element, that is to say, when the at least one second stop element engages with the at least one first element of the second grip element, the blocking element In the locked position. Conversely, when the at least one second stop element is not engaged with the at least one first element of the second grip element, the latching element is in the released position. Another particularly advantageous pliers feature is that the user can pre-adjust a position of the second axis of rotation of the crank member relative to the second handle member using a fixture. Preferably, the securing means has a first stop element and a latching element. For this embodiment, it is of utmost importance that the user can 'select the position of the second axis of rotation of the rod element' before using the forceps and this position cannot be changed when the forceps are used. [Embodiment] Fig. 1 shows an advantageous embodiment of the pliers of the present invention. The jaw 3 of the pliers 1 has a first jaw member 5 and a second jaw member 7. The pliers 1 also has a first grip element 9 and a second grip -8- 201032965 element 11. The second grip element is assigned to the first jaw element 5 and is preferably connected to the first jaw element 5 in a rigid connection. The second grip element 11 and the first jaw element 5 can be made into one member. The grip elements 9' 1 1 are connected in such a way that the grip elements 9, ... 1 can be rotated relative to one another about a point of rotation SP. The first grip element 9 is assigned to the second jaw element 7' and is connected to the second jaw element 7 in such a way that the first grip element 9 can be rotated relative to the second jaw element 7, and preferably also φ Rotating around the same point of rotation SP, that is to say the two grip elements 9, 11 are opposite each other about the point of rotation SP. In another embodiment, the second jaw member 7 is rigidly coupled to the first grip member 9 and/or forms a member with the first grip member 9. In this case, when the first grip element 9 is rotated relative to the second grip element 11, the second jaw member 7 will rotate with the first grip element 7 about the rotation point SP. Since the second grip element 11 is connected to the corresponding first jaw member 5 in a rigid manner, in this embodiment, the two jaw members 5, 7 are also rotated relative to each other φ. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the second jaw element 7 has guide faces FI, F2, wherein the guide faces FI, F2 slide along the guide faces FI', F2' of the second grip element 1 1 , thus The angle between the second jaw member 7 and the first jaw member 5 is always constant. The point of rotation SP can be moved along the axial length of the second grip element 1 1 . When the rotation point SP is moved, the first grip element 9 and the second jaw member 7 also directly follow the moving position. The first jaw member 5 and the second jaw member 7 can be moved relative to each other in this manner, so that -9 - 201032965 can be used to adjust the jaw opening. Further, the pliers 1 further has a crank member 13 connected to the first grip member 9 and the second grip member 11. The crank member 13 is hinged to the first grip member 9 in such a manner as to be rotatable about a first axis of rotation, wherein the first shaft S1 has a fixed position relative to the first grip member 9. For example, the first axis of rotation S1 may be a pin that is inserted into a bore in the first grip element 9. In the present embodiment, the crank member 13 is the center of a notch embedded in the first grip member 9, and the broken line L1 ▲ in Fig. 1 represents the notch. In this way, the crank member 13 can be rotated within the notch represented by the broken line L1. Of course, there are other configurations in which the crank member 13 can be hingedly attached to the first grip member 9. For example, the crank member 3 can be placed on the side of the first grip element 9. It is important that the 'curvature member 13 is to be rotatable relative to the first grip member 9 about the first axis of rotation si' while the first axis of rotation Si is in a fixed position relative to the first grip member 9. The crank member 13 is rotatably coupled to the second grip member 11 and is preferably hingedly coupled to the second grip member 11. The crank member 13 is rotatable about the second rotation axis S2, and the second rotation shaft S2 is movable relative to the second grip member 11. In the present embodiment, the second grip member 11 has a notch 15, wherein the notch 15 extends along a region of the axial length of the second grip member 11. Preferably, the crank member 1 3 has a sliding joint 'which is slidable along the gap 15 and drives the second rotating shaft S2 to also move along the notch 15 -10- 201032965 according to a drawing not shown in the drawings In an embodiment, the second rotating shaft can be moved relative to the second grip element 11 in a discontinuous manner, for example, can be a discontinuous stop position, wherein the second rotating shaft S2 can be disengaged from a stop position for performing mobile. The second axis of rotation S2 is preferably removed from the second grip element 11 about the first axis of rotation S1 and reaches another stop position. In this new stop position, the second axis of rotation S2 is rotated about the first axis of rotation S1 towards the second gripper element 1 1 to enter this new stop position. According to another embodiment not depicted in the drawings, the second rotation S2 can be moved in a discontinuous manner and does not have to be deflected away from the second grip element 11. For example, the engagement position of the notch 15 or the second rotation axis S2 to engage can be set in the position of the notch 15 or the position of the second rotation S2. In both cases, the second grip element has at least one first stop element, and the second axis S2 of the crank element 13 can be φ relative to the second grip element 11 via the first stop element Set aside. It is also possible to provide a blocking element which can be in an active position (locking position) and a second active position (released position). The blocking element can cooperate with the at least one first stop element. If the lock member is in the latched position, the second rotary shaft S2 is fixed relative to the second grip member 11 in a (preferably discontinuous) position. Conversely, if the blocking element is in the released position, the second axis of rotation S2 can be moved relative to the second grip element 11. It is also possible to form such a latching element as a folding element, and such a folding element preferably covers the entire area of movement along the second rotation s 2 . The folding element can be wound around an S2. It is a slidable shank. The shaft can be rotated. The first 闭 is closed. The shaft -11 - 201032965 is folded parallel to the axial length of the second grip element 11. The folding member is equipped with a holder which cooperates with a corresponding holder provided on the second rotating shaft S2, so that the position of the second rotating shaft S2 is fixed when the folding member is in the locked position. As long as the folding element is turned up, the folding element can be loosened, so that the direction of the folding element is perpendicular to one side of the line of sight of the second grip element 11 facing or the back of the viewer in FIG. 1, for example including a gap 15 faces. When the folding member is in the upwardly turned state, the holder of the folding member does not cooperate with the corresponding holder provided on the second rotation shaft S2, so that the second rotation shaft S2 can move the position. In summary, the embodiment not mentioned herein, which is not illustrated in the drawings, has a fixing means by which the user can adjust the position of the second axis of rotation S2 of the crank member 13 relative to the second grip element 11. . The fixing device can be a simple stopping device, and the second rotating shaft S2 can be easily removed from the stopping device. The fixing device can also be operated by the user to move the second rotating shaft S2. The position of the lockout machine @ 建. As described above, in the embodiment of Fig. 1, the second rotary shaft S2 is movably disposed in the notch 15 via a sliding joint. The second grip element 11 is provided with at least one first stop element 17'. The second axis of rotation S2 of the crank element 13 can be fixed relative to the second grip element 11 via the first stop element 17. The at least one first stop element 17 is a tooth or a grid of teeth and the at least one tooth or grid can cooperate with at least one other tooth or grid to achieve a latching effect. It is also possible to use -12- 201032965 other stop elements: for example, at least one groove can be provided in the second grip element 而且 and at least one pin is embedded in this groove. Conversely, at least one pin can also be provided on the second grip element 11, at least one of which cooperates with at least one corresponding groove. Furthermore, the pliers of the embodiment of FIG. 1 also have a blocking element 1 9 'when the blocking element 9 is in the first active position, that is to say in the blocking position, the blocking element 19 cooperates with the first stop element 17 Acting, φ to fix the second axis of rotation S2 to the second grip element 11. The second rotary shaft S2 can be moved relative to the second grip member 11 when the latching member 19 is in the second active position, i.e., in the released position. In this case, the blocking element 19 does not cooperate with the at least one first stop element 17 . Preferably, an operating element 2 1 is provided, for example, the operating element 21 can be arranged on the blocking element 19 and can act as a force in the direction of the blocking position via the blocking element 19. The mode of operation of the blocking element 19 and the operating element 21 will be described in detail later with reference to Figures 5 through 7. In the next paragraph, the operation of the forceps 1 of the first embodiment shown in Fig. 1 will be described with reference to Figs. 1 and 3. The forceps 1 of Fig. 1 as described above is in the closed position where the jaw opening degree is the smallest. This state of the pliers 1 can be referred to as an initial state. The second axis of rotation S2 of the crank member 13 is moved upwardly throughout the gap 15. This position of the second rotary shaft S2 or the crank member 13 (also shown in Fig. 2) may be referred to as an initial position. In order to be able to clamp the object with the pliers ’ the first grip element 9 is to be deflected from the second grip element 1 by a rotation point s P -13 - 201032965. At the same time, the crank member 13 is also rotated about the two rotation axes si, S2 of the rotation point SP to move the second jaw 7 relative to the first jaw 5, so that the forceps 1 as shown in Fig. 2 can be reached. The maximum jaw opening. The second axis of rotation S2 will first rest at its position relative to the second grip element 11. Figure 2 shows the maximum jaw opening state of the pliers before the object is clamped. In all the drawings, components having the same construction and function are denoted by the same reference numerals. The circle drawn by the dotted line in Fig. 2 indicates the area enlarged by the portion in Fig. 6. At this time, the jaw 3 is at the maximum jaw opening state, so that the object to be clamped can be placed between the jaws. In order to be able to clamp the object, it is necessary to turn the first grip element 9 around the point of rotation SP to the second grip element 11 . Since the traction friction force acting on the second rotation shaft S2 in the notch 15 in the sliding joint is greater than the adhesion preventing the movement of the second jaw member 7 or the rotation point SP, the next first grip member 9 The rotational movement causes the second jaw 7 to move toward the object to be clamped, wherein the position of the rotational point SP moves upward, thus leaving the second rotational axis S2. At this time, the crank member 13 is rotated about the first rotation axis S1 and the second rotation axis S2 at the same time. However, due to the traction friction generated in the sliding joint, the position of the second rotating shaft S2 does not move, but remains at a fixed position with respect to the second grip member 11. When the first jaw member 5 and the second jaw member 7 abut against the object to be clamped, a force is generated which prevents the second jaw member 7 from continuing to move toward the first jaw member 5. When this force is greater than the adhesion preventing the second rotating shaft S2 from moving relative to the second grip element 11, the second rotating shaft S2 will start moving downwards -14 - 201032965. For the sake of simplicity of explanation, it is first assumed that the size of the object to be clamped is approximately equivalent to the approximate maximum jaw opening of the jaw 3 as shown in Fig. 2. In this case, the second jaw member 7 is only slightly moved to the object to be clamped or the jaw member 5 at most until the second rotation shaft S2 starts to move downward. The second axis of rotation S2 will move all the way down until the first grip element 9 reaches the closed position relative to the second grip element 11. If φ is assumed here, if the size of the object to be clamped is approximately equivalent to the maximum jaw opening of the jaw 3, the position of the second rotating shaft S2 will move to the bottom of the notch 1 Mm ° Figure 3 shows The closed state of the forceps 1 of one embodiment when approaching the maximum jaw opening. In all the figures, components having the same construction and function are denoted by the same component symbols. The circle drawn by the broken line in Fig. 3 indicates the area which is partially enlarged in Fig. 7. As described earlier, the size of the object clamped by the jaws 3 is approximately equivalent to the approximate φ maximum jaw opening of the jaws 3 as shown in Fig. 3. In the closed state of the forceps 1 shown in Fig. 3, the distance between the first grip member 9 and the second grip member 11 is fixed irrespective of the jaw opening. If the pliers are used to grip objects of different sizes, the distance between the grip members 9, 11 is always fixed in the closed state of the pliers. Correspondingly, the angle of the crank element 13 relative to the second grip element 11 is also fixed. Further, in the closed state, the distance measured between the rotation point SP and the second rotation axis S2 along the second grip element 11 is also fixed. Since the clamped object is slightly smaller than the maximum jaw opening, the jaws 3 and -15-201032965 do not reach the maximum opening degree, that is, the second rotating shaft S2 is not located at the bottom end of the notch 15. In the closed state, the operating element 21 moves the blocking element 19 to the locked state. Therefore, the second rotation shaft S 2 is fixed with respect to the second grip element 11. The mode of operation of the blocking element 19 and the operating element 21 will be described in detail later with reference to Figures 5 through 7. The hand force of the user is amplified by the lever constituted by the first grip element 9 and guided to the first rotation axis S1 of the crank member 13. This force is again magnified by the crank mechanism, at which point a force triangle is formed, which is a front end region of the first grip element 9 extending between the point of rotation SP and the first axis of rotation S1. 23 and crank member 13. The force is introduced into the second jaw member 7 via the triangular force of the force which acts on the rotation point SP and urges the second jaw member 7 to move in the direction of the first jaw member 5. The final resultant force is a grip force acting along an axis acting between the rotation point SP and the second rotation axis S2. This grip is introduced into the second grip element U via the latching element 19 and the first stop element 17. As can be seen from Fig. 3, in the closed state of the forceps 1, the curved end formed by the front end region φ 2 3 and the crank member 13 does not reach its apex. In particular, the angle between the crank member 13 and the second grip member 11 is always greater than the critical angle at which the crankshaft self-braking occurs. The so-called self-braking of the curved rod refers to a force that is introduced into the curved rod in the axial direction (that is, the direction of the connecting line of the rotating point SP and the second rotating shaft S2) at an angle smaller than the critical angle mentioned above. 'Because of the deceleration relationship becomes a small force acting radially on the first rotation axis S1, it is no longer possible to deflect the curved bar from the apex of the curve. If the force of -16 - 201032965 acting on the first rotating shaft S 1 becomes small due to the reduction ratio, and the frictional force can no longer be overcome, the given axial force can no longer open the curved lever. Therefore, the first embodiment designs the pliers 1 so that all the states of the pliers 1 do not reach the critical angle (from which the self-braking occurs). Therefore, it is easy to open the curved lever again to release the object clamped by the jaws 3. The case to be described below is that the object to be gripped is smaller than the maximum possible opening of the jaw 3. To do this, we must first look back at Figure 2. As described earlier, the pliers 1 is in the maximum opening state before the object is clamped. In order to clamp the object, the first grip element 9 has to be turned around the pivot point SP again from the maximum opening position to the second grip element 11. At this time, the second jaw 7 is moved in the direction of the first jaw 5, and the crank member 13 is simultaneously rotated about the first rotation axis S1 and the second rotation axis S2. As described above, due to the reduction ratio, the second rotation axis S2 will be in the original position in the drawing. The second jaw member 7 will move all the way up until it grips the object to be gripped together with the first jaw member 5, i.e. until the jaws 3 grip the article. at this time . A force is applied to the second jaw member 7 to prevent the second jaw member 7 from continuing to move in the direction of the first jaw member 5. If the first grip element 9 is further rotated, the second rotation axis S2 of the crank member 13 starts to move downward. Contrary to the state of the pliers 1 shown in Fig. 3, since the jaws 3 are gripped by the smaller objects, the position of the rotation point S P is relatively close to the first jaw member 5. Correspondingly, when the pliers 1 is in the closed state, the second rotating shaft S2 is also in a higher position relative to the second gripping member 11. When the first grip element 9 reaches a position where the distance from the second grip element 11 is the smallest, the operating element 21 again causes the blocking element 1 9 to cooperate with the first stop element 17 of -17-201032965, thus The second rotation axis S2 of the crank member 13 is fixed relative to the second grip member 11. At this time, the pliers 1 will reach a state similar to that of Fig. 3. Only at this time, the positions of the second jaw member 7, the first grip member 9, and the crank member 13 are higher than those in the third figure, and the height is just equal to the object to be clamped at this time. Less than the size of the object to be clamped in Figure 3. Since the blocking member 19 cooperates with the first stopping member 17, an adhesive friction is generated, and this frictional force is introduced into the object to be clamped in exactly the same manner as in Fig. 3. The process of using the pliers: using the pliers from the state of Fig. 1 and entering the state of Fig. 2, when the pliers grip the object, the frictional force of the sliding joint portion of the second rotating shaft S2 is relatively small. The relationship between the friction of the rotation point Sp and the pliers are automatically adjusted to the appropriate jaw opening. This means that in the illustrated embodiment, the user does not need to select or prior adjust the jaw opening. When the jaw members 5, 7 have indeed enclosed the article to be clamped, indicating that the pliers have been adjusted to the appropriate jaw opening, the first grip member 9 will be rotated relative to the second grip member 11 to a prescribed Fixed gripping position or closed position. In this fixed gripping or closing position, the two gripping members 9, 11 are preferably substantially parallel to each other. This means that it is best to reach a parallel gripping position that makes the user feel particularly comfortable. It suffices to realize an ideal clamping area defined by the closed position of the grip members 9, 11 which is completely independent of the size of the object to be gripped, and the user can introduce the grip force into the gripping area via the gripping area. Object. In particular, the user can hold the pliers firmly in one hand and apply force to the pliers, and the force of -18-201032965 can be greater than the force that can be applied in the prior art, because the grip element is used for the prior art pliers. The distance between 9,11 will vary depending on the size of the object to be gripped, and the distance is likely to be quite large. As shown in Fig. 2, whenever the pliers 1 are to grip objects of different sizes, the grip members 9, 11 will first move to their maximum open position. The items to be clamped are then placed in the jaws 3 and the grip elements 9, 11 are moved from each other to the maximum open position. It is decisive that the frictional force that prevents the sliding joint assigned to the second φ rotating shaft S2 from moving along the second gripping element 11 is greater than the frictional force that prevents the rotational point SP from moving along the second gripping element 11 Different ways produce frictional forces acting in the sliding joint. For example, one possible way is to adjust the tolerance between the sliding bearing and the second grip element to the extent that the desired frictional force can be produced when the pliers 1 is manufactured. Another possibility is to provide a spring element φ, such as a disc spring, which is capable of generating a frictional force between the sliding bearing and the second grip element in the region of the plain bearing. Another possibility is to apply a viscous grease to the sliding joint to prevent the sliding member from moving along the second grip member. Another possibility is to provide an adjusting screw in the sliding joint or on the sliding joint, which can act on the second grip element directly or via a friction wedge. This embodiment can adjust or recalibrate the frictional force that prevents the sliding joint from moving along the second grip element in a very simple manner. As mentioned in the foregoing description of FIG. 1, in other embodiments, the user can pre-adjust the crank member 13 with a fixing device. 19-201032965 The second rotating shaft S2 is opposite to the second grip. The position of component 11. In this case, the jaw opening degree is not automatically adjusted when the forceps 1 is used, but the position of the second rotation shaft S2 with respect to the second grip element 11 is manually changed to adjust the jaw opening. If the position of the second axis of rotation S2 is determined once by the user, a fixed gripping zone is not produced when the object to be clamped is gripped, but the distance between the two gripping elements 9, 11 It changes the size of the object. For such an embodiment, an advantageous way is to connect the second jaw element 7 to the first grip element 9 in a rigid manner. Thus, the second jaw member 7 is rotated with the first grip member 9 about the rotation point SP. Although this embodiment of the pliers 1 does not have the advantages of a fixed gripping zone and an automatic adjustment of the jaw opening, it retains the advantage of being able to introduce the force amplified by the curved rod into the article to be clamped, and this The advantage is that the prior art pliers do not. In addition, the jaw opening is adjustable (manual adjustment and discontinuous position). In the embodiment shown in the drawings, the second jaw member 7 is rotatable relative to the first grip member 9 about the point of rotation SP. Since the second jaw element 7 has a guiding surface FI' F2 and the guiding surfaces FI, F2 cooperate with the respective guiding surfaces F1', F2' on the second grip element 11, it is ensured that the two jaw elements 5 Always hold a fixed angle between '7'. In other words, even if the jaw jaws 5' 7 are displaced relative to each other, the first jaw surface 25 assigned to the first jaw element 5 and the second jaw surface 25' assigned to the second jaw element 7 are always Clip a fixed angle. In this way, it is possible to particularly firmly grip objects that are also at a fixed angle to the clip (for example, articles having parallel faces). -20- 201032965 A particularly advantageous way is for the clamping faces 25, 25, both of which are flat faces. This has the advantage that the surface of the object to be clamped is not scratched by the grip 25, 2 5 'damage'. Of course, in other embodiments of the pliers 1, the facets may also be uneven, such as with raised and recessed faces on the face, which provides the advantage of very securely gripping the items. If the object to be clamped is a part for the lock screw, that is, a screw to be locked or loosened with the pliers 1, the embodiment can be used to perform the work very well. If it is to clamp the object and turn it by a specific angle, it is easy for the user to grasp the release of the hand of the pliers 1 and then increase the distance between the grip members 9, 11. In particular, the set jaw opening or the position of the second rotating shaft S 2 with respect to the second grip element 1 1 does not change due to the relationship of the traction force that prevents the position of the second rotating shaft S2 from moving. However, the distance between the jaw members 5, 7 can be at least extended to the extent that the article can be gently clamped. By self-braking, i.e., preventing the second rotating shaft S2 from moving at a position φ, the pliers can even be opened relatively without causing a change in the set jaw opening. In general, this embodiment enables the ratchet function to be implemented in a simple manner, which allows the user to lock or loosen the screw reliably and quickly, since the pliers 1 can easily and quickly clamp the screw. If you want to loosen the clamped object and then pick another piece of different size, the pliers must return to the state shown in Figure 2, which is the state of the maximum jaw opening, so that the jaw opening can be readjusted. . For this purpose, the first grip element 9 needs to be deflected from the second grip element 1 1 around the point of rotation SP - 21 - 201032965, wherein the first point of rotation SP and the second port are due to the aforementioned friction ratio relationship Element 7 acts as a downward movement. At the same time, the crank member 13 rotates about the rotation axes SI, S2, but the position of the second rotation shaft S2 does not move. When the second jaw member 7 reaches the lower stop 27 and cannot continue to move downward, the second rotary shaft S2 starts to move upward relative to the second grip member U. The first grip element 9 can be rotated all the way up until the second rotation axis S2 returns to the highest point shown in Fig. 2, i.e., to the initial position of the second rotation axis S2. When the first grip element 9 is turned around the rotation point sp to the second grip element 1] due to the friction ratio, the rotation point SP will slide up with the second jaw member 7 to the first jaw member 5, such that It is possible to clamp a new object or set a new jaw opening, and the next action is the same as described above with respect to Figures 2 and 3. In such an embodiment, the pliers are set each time a new jaw opening is set; it must be returned to the state shown in Figure 2. Thus another embodiment is provided with a reset element which is arranged on the second grip element U and cooperates with the crank element 13 in order to cause the crank element 13 to exert tension and/or pressure due to the reset element. Return to the initial position shown in Figure 1 or Figure 2 81. For example, a tension spring can be used as the reset element. When the second rotating shaft S2 moves downward, the tension spring is tensioned, thereby introducing the pulling force into the second rotating shaft S2. Due to the pulling force, the second rotating shaft S2 can be Move up to the initial position. On the other hand, a compression spring can also be used as the reset element. When the second rotary shaft S2 moves downward, the compression spring is compressed, thereby introducing pressure into the second rotary shaft S2, and the second rotation is caused by this pressure. Axis S2 can be moved up to the initial position of -22-201032965. Regardless of which member is used as the reset element, when the jaw 3 no longer grips any object, the reset element automatically returns the forceps 1 to a specific state, in which state the second rotary shaft S2 is in an initial state. Therefore, the user does not have to reopen the pliers completely in order to return to the initial state. A disadvantage of such an embodiment, however, is that the ratchet function of the embodiment of Figure 3 cannot be achieved in the same manner as previously mentioned. This is because when the grip force is released, the second rotating shaft S2 is pulled up or pushed up by the resetting member, because the jaw opening must be re-adjusted whenever a new object is to be gripped. This will at least increase the difficulty of gripping, so there is no guarantee that the screws can be quickly locked or loosened. Fig. 4 shows the crank member 13 of the pliers 1 of the embodiment of Figs. 1 to 3. The crank member 13 has a head region 29. The head region 29 can enter the gap of the first grip element 9 previously mentioned in the description of Fig. 1. The crank member 13 has a bore 31 through which the first rotary shaft S1 passes and the crank member 13 can be fixed to the first grip φ member 9 via the bore 31. The crank element 13 has two strands 3 3, 3 3 ' in its portion facing away from the head region 29, and the strands 3 3, 3 3 ' each have a bore in the bottom end portion of the back facing head region 29. 3 5,3 5 '. The strands 3 3, 3 3 ' are constructed in such a way as to enclose a partial region of the second grip element 11 . The second axis of rotation S2 can pass through the notch 15 and the bores 35, 35' to secure the crank member 13 to the second grip 11 in a rotatable manner. In this way, a slip joint that can be moved relative to the second grip element 13 can also be realized. In other embodiments of the pliers 1, the crank member 13 of a different configuration may be used and otherwise secured to the first and second grip members 9, 11. Weight -23- 201032965 It is desirable that the crank member 13 is hinged to the first grip member 9 in such a manner as to be rotatable about the first axis of rotation S1, wherein the first axis of rotation S1 is located relative to the first grip member 9 a fixed position, while the crank member 13 is hinged to the second grip member 11 in such a manner as to be rotatable about the second axis of rotation S2, wherein the second axis of rotation S2 is movable relative to the second grip member 1 Figure 5 shows the blocking element 19 of the forceps 1 of the embodiment of Figures 1 to 3. The blocking element 19 has two strands 37, 37'' strands 37, 37' each having a bore 39, 39'. The function of the blocking element 19 is to fix the position of the second rotary shaft S2 relative to the second grip element 11. The latching member 19 can be disposed on the portion of the crank member 13 on the second grip member 11. Preferably, the strands 37, 37' of the blocking element 19 also enclose at least a partial region of the second grip element 11, wherein the strands 37, 37' of the blocking element 19 can be arranged on the strands 33, 33' of the crank element 13. Inside or outside. An element constituting the second rotary shaft S2, such as a pin, can pass through the bores 39, 39' to secure and guide the latching member 19. Preferably, the blocking element 1 9 is rotatable relative to the second grip element 11 . In the present embodiment, the blocking member 19 is rotatable about the second axis of rotation S2. The blocking element 19 can be rotated to the first active position (corresponding to the blocking position), in which position the second rotary shaft S2 is fixed to the second grip element 11. The blocking element 19 can also be rotated to a second active position (equivalent to the released position) in which the second rotary shaft S2 can be moved relative to the second grip element I1. According to an advantageous embodiment, the blocking element 19 can also be rotated relative to the -24 201032965 crank element 13. Therefore, the two elements are not rigidly connected, but both can be rotated about the second axis of rotation S2. The blocking element 19 preferably has at least one second stop element 41. The second stop element 41 can mesh with at least one first stop element 17 of the second grip element 11. The shape of the stop members 177, 4 1 is preferably complementary to each other. Since in the present embodiment, the first stopper member 17 is constituted by at least one tooth or a tooth grid, the second stopper member 41 is also constituted by at least one tooth or a φ tooth grid. The corresponding teeth can engage each other to position or lock the blocking element 19 with the first stop element 17. The stop element can also be designed in other shapes as previously mentioned in the description of Fig. 1. For example, the first and second stop elements can be designed as pins and recesses, respectively. In particular, as can be seen from the previous description of FIG. 1, the configuration of the entire blocking element 19 can be completely different from the configuration in the present embodiment. . For example, the second rotary shaft S2 can be blocked in a discontinuous blocking position. The latching φ mechanism can have a button. It is also possible to enclose the second grip element 11 with two notches spaced apart from one another, and the second axis of rotation S2 can be turned into two notches' to secure its position. Another possible way is to provide a locking folding mechanism on the second grip element 11, the locking folding mechanism having a folding element 'the second rotating shaft can be turned when the folding element is turned over onto the second grip element 11 S2 is indeed fixed at a prescribed position. The latching mechanism of the latching member 19 will be further described below in conjunction with Figs. 6 and 7, and in particular, its relationship to the operating member 21. -25- 201032965 Fig. 6 is a partial enlarged view of a circular area drawn by a broken line in Fig. 2. In all the figures, components having the same construction and function are denoted by the same component symbols. The pliers 1 are in an open state. The blocking element 19 is in the second active position, i.e. the released position, wherein the blocking element 19 is in a position deflected from the second grip element 11 about the second axis of rotation S2. At this time, the second stopper member 41 and the first stopper member 17 are not engaged. Preferably, a spring element 43 is provided which exerts a pre-stress on the blocking element 19 in the direction of the release position of the blocking element 丨9. In the present embodiment, the spring element 43 is constituted by a compression spring which acts to push the blocking member 19 to the released position. In another embodiment not depicted in the drawings, the spring element 43 is formed by a tension spring which acts to pull the blocking element 19 to the released position. In the present embodiment, since the forceps 1 is in the open state, the operating member 21 does not cooperate with the first grip member 9 or the lever member 13, so that there is no possibility of moving the blocking member 19 to the locked position. The force is introduced into the blocking element 19 . The blocking element 19 is thus fixed by the spring element 43 in the released position. That is, the second rotation axis S2 can be moved relative to the second grip element 11. In the present embodiment, if the pliers 1 is closed while the second rotary shaft S2 is moved downward, the first grip member 9 finally reaches a position where it engages with the operating member 21. Since the operating element 21 is located on the blocking element 19, when the first grip element 9 is moved further toward the second grip element 11, a force acting in the direction of the blocking position is introduced into the blocking element 19. If the force introduced in this way is greater than the force of the spring element 43 towards the release position -26-201032965, the blocking element 19 is pushed to the first active position, i.e. the blocking position. Fig. 7 is a partial enlarged view of a circular area drawn by a broken line in Fig. 3. In all the figures, components having the same construction and function are denoted by the same component symbols. As can be seen from Fig. 7, in the present embodiment, the operating member 21 is controlled by the first grip member 9. Another embodiment controls the operating element 21 with the crank member 13. The blocking element φ piece 19 in Fig. 7 is in the first acting position, that is, the blocking position. The force introduced into the operating element 21 enables the blocking element 19 to resist the force of the spring element 43 and to pivot about the second axis of rotation S2 to the second lever element 11, thus engaging the second stop element 41 with the first stop element 17 . Therefore, the second rotary shaft S 2 can no longer be moved relative to the second grip element 1 1 . The force can be introduced into the second grip element 11 via the first and second stop elements 17, 41, which force a holding force into the forceps via the curved rod formed by the crank element 13 and the front end region 23 of the first grip element 9. The second jaw element 7 of the mouth 3. φ It can also be seen from Fig. 7 that in the forceps 1 of the present embodiment, the gripping regions are fixed, that is, the distance between the grip members 9, 11 is fixed, and the object to be gripped The size is irrelevant. If the object is clamped by the jaws 3, when the first grip element 9 is turned to the second grip element 11, the position of the second rotary shaft S2 is moved until the first grip element 9 reaches the engagement with the operating member 21. Position up to now. Then, the position of the second rotary shaft S2 is fixed by the operating member 2 1 and the blocking member 19, so that the holding force can be generated. However, the relative position of the grip members 9, 11 , i.e., the position at which the first grip member 9 is engaged with the operating member 21, is only related to the configuration of the operating member 21 of -27-201032965. This means that this position has nothing to do with the size of the object to be clamped and the corresponding jaw opening. In particular, the gripping zone can be adjusted via the angle at which the operating element 21 is fixed to the latching element 19, allowing the user to operate the pliers 1 comfortably and forcefully. An advantageous way is to make the operating element 21 an elastic member. In this way, the necessary discontinuous engagement of the stop elements 1, 7 1 1 can be compensated for. Assuming that the operating element 21 is rigid, it may be the case that at a given jaw opening, when the blocking element 19 is between the two stop positions, the blocking element 19 needs to be rotated Blocking position. At this time, if a large force is introduced into the blocking member 19 at this position, the stopper member 17' 41 may be damaged. Further, the crank member 13 or the second rotating shaft S2 is caught near its final position, so that the first grip member 9 cannot reach its final gripping position, so that a fixed gripping region cannot be formed. Conversely, 'if the operating element 21 is resilient, the operating element 21 will allow the first grip element 9 to be deformed in the operating element 21 when the stop element 17' 41 collides outside of the stable stop position. In the case of continued rotation 'so the second axis of rotation S2 can continue to move downwards. This ensures that in any case a stable meshing position between the stop elements 177, 4 1 can be reached. And to ensure that a fixed gripping zone can be formed between the grip elements 9, 11. Thus, in any case, regardless of the size of the article to be clamped, a stable holding force can be introduced into the jaws 3, and the stopper member 17' 41 is not at risk of being damaged. Another advantage of the resilient movement of the operating element 2 1 is that the gripping elements 9, U can be slightly turned away from each other ' without the blocking element 19 being replaced by the spring element -28-201032965 which is the yoke of the yoke rotor Head 11 4 5 with the shaft e
件4 3推擠到鬆開位置。這是因爲操作元件2 1的變形只 至少被部分抵銷，而不是以操作元件21打開第一握柄 件9的力的閉合。但是第二鉗口元件7至少已經從第一 口元件5略微移開，因此已可夾取物件’例如進行鎖螺 的作業。因此操作元件21的彈性可以經由阻止第二旋 軸S2相對於第二握柄元件11移動的附著摩擦力確保鉗 1的棘輪功能，在此功能下，必要時甚至連閉鎖元件1 9 閉鎖都不會鬆開。由於可以毫無困難的將物件圍住，因 使用者可以快速且容易的完成鎖螺絲的工作。 第8圖顯示鉗子1的第二種有利的實施例。在所有 圖式中，構造及功能相同的元件均以相同的元件符號表 。本實施例中曲桿元件13的構造不同於在鉗子1之第 種實施例中的構造。在本實施例中，曲桿元件13並未 有將兩個握柄元件9，11中的一個握柄元件圍住的股， 是曲桿元件13在第一握柄元件9及第二握柄元件11內 安置於缺口中。 將第二旋轉軸S2以可以轉動的方式鉸接的滑動接 整合到導向體45中，並從導向體45沿著第二握柄元件 的縱向長度被導引。爲此導向體45具有導向面F3，F4 導向面F3，F4會沿著第二握柄元件11上的導向面F3’ F4’滑動。導向面F4’是由凹槽47的底部構成，導向體 帶有導向面F4的部分會進入到凹槽47內。仔細觀察可 發現，凹槽47的底部並不是完全與第二握柄元件11的 向長度平行。這是因爲考慮到以下的事實：在本實施例 -29 - 201032965 ，當鉗口開度改變時，閉鎖元件19會根據曲桿元件13的 形狀沿一特定的曲線移動。但爲了保證在每個鉗口開度下 ，第一止動元件17都能夠完美的將閉鎖元件19止動，凹 槽47的底部與第二握柄元件11之軸向長度所夾的角度需 與曲桿元件1 3的形狀適配。 在本實施例中，第二握柄元件11並沒有缺口 15，而 是具有至少一個凹槽49，凹槽49是從導向體45的一邊進 入第二握柄元件1 1的一個內側面。一種可能的情況是， 導向體45的每一邊都有一個進入第二握柄元件11的一個 內側面的凹槽49。另外一種可能的情況是，導向體45只 有一邊具有凹槽49。這至少一個凹槽49的作用並不是導 引導向體45或滑動接頭，而是可以在導向體45上設置至 少一個盤形彈簧，這至少一個盤形彈簧可以與導向體45 一起在這至少一個凹槽49內移動。經由這至少一個盤形 彈簧可以調整阻止導向體45及第二旋轉軸S2移動的摩擦 力。透過改變這至少一個盤形彈簧的特性，或是透過選擇 盤形彈簧的數量，可以將這個摩擦力調整成始終大於阻止 旋轉點SP移動的摩擦力，這樣當第二旋轉軸S2的位置固 定不變時，首先旋轉點SP會以前面已說明過的方式移動 位置，但前提是其移動不會因爲與被鉗口 3夾住之物件嚙 合或止擋而受到阻礙。由於摩擦比的關係，等到旋轉點 SP不能再移動時，第二旋轉軸S2才會開始移動位置。 第8圖之實施例和第1圖之實施例的最大區別是，閉 鎖元件19的作用不是由第一握柄元件9上的操作元件21 -30- 201032965 控制’而是被安置在曲桿元件13內，而且會根據曲桿元 件13相對於第二握柄元件11的一個特定的角度位置，自 動控制閉鎖元件1 9的作用。以下將配合圖式對此詳細說 明。 第9圖是第8圖中虛線標示之圓圏區域的局部放大圖 。在所有的圖式中，構造及功能相同的元件均以相同的元 件符號表示。閉鎖元件1 9是以可以移動的方式被安置在 $ 曲桿元件1 3的橢圓形缺口 51內。彈簧元件5 3設置於閉 鎖元件19上，其中彈簧元件53會對閉鎖元件19施力， 使其朝第一作用位置（也就是閉鎖位置）的方向移動。最 好是將彈簧兀件53安置在曲桿元件13的一個圓柱形缺口 內。最好在彈簧元件53位於閉鎖元件1 9對面的那一個尾 端上設置一個調節元件55，其中調節元件55是以適當的 方式支撐在曲桿元件13上，而且可以經由調節元件55調 整導入閉鎖元件19的預力。例如調節元件55可以是一個 0 平頭螺釘，這個平頭螺釘能夠旋入曲桿元件13內的一個 適當的螺紋。當調節元件55朝彈簧元件53的方向移入曲 桿元件13，導入閉鎖元件的預力就會變大。反之，當調節 元件55朝反方向移出曲桿元件13，導入閉鎖元件的預力 就會變小。 重要的是’本實施例是經由曲桿元件13的轉動控制 閉鎖元件1 9的作用。當曲桿元件1 3與第二握柄元件j j 之間夾一個特定的角度，而且在這個角度下，握柄元件9 ’ 1 1之間也已經依則面所述方式達到接近固定不變的夾面 -31 - 201032965 ，當握柄元件9，11彼此進一步靠近’閉鎖元件19就會 因爲其在曲桿元件13內的安裝方式而自動轉入閉鎖位置 。此時至少一個第二止動元件41及至少一個第一止動元 件17會以前面所述的方式協同作用，因此能夠產生固持 力。 第8圖及第9圖顯示鉗子1的略微張開的狀態。這表 示，握柄元件9，11離開閉合位置彼此偏轉開一個很小的 角度。由於這個原因’曲桿兀件13與第一握柄元件9所 ❹ 夾的角度也會略大於在閉合位置（夾取區固定不變）時所 夾的角度。從第8圖及第9圖可以看出’在這個角度位置 ，閉鎖元件1 9從第二握柄元件1 1轉開’因此閉鎖元件1 9 不會與第一止動元件17協同作用。所以閉鎖元件19會處 於第二作用位置，也就是鬆開位置。 第10圖及第U圖顯示第二實施例的鉗子1處於幾乎 閉合的狀態。在所有的圖式中，構造及功能相同的元件均 以相同的元件符號表示。因此兩個握柄元件9’ 11均位於 @ 接近閉合的位置，也就是具有固定之夾取面的位置。同時 曲桿元件13與第二握柄元件Η所夾的角度會小於在第8 圖及第9圖之鉗子1的狀態的角度。因此閉鎖元件19會 由於其在曲桿元件13內的安裝方式而朝第二握柄元件11 的方向轉動，因而使第二止動元件41與第一止動元件17 嚙合。 第11圖是第10圖中以虛線繪出之圓形區域的局部放 大圖。從第11圖可以看出，第二止動元件41及第一止動 -32- 201032965 元件1 7之間尙未完全嚙合。當握柄元件9，1 1到達閉合 位置，也就是實現前面提及的固定的夾取區，止動元件17 ，41就會彼止完全嚙合，因而將第11圖中的空隙封住。 爲此閉鎖元件19會在曲桿元件13或橢圓形缺口 51內朝 彈簧元件53之彈簧力的反方向移動位置，直到觸及缺口 51面對第一握柄元件9之內壁爲止。這樣就達到一穩定的 閉鎖位置，因此可以產生前面提及的固持力。 φ 彈簧元件53的作用是補償止動元件1 7，41之間必要 的不連續嚙合。如果止動元件17，41以前面提及的方式 在穩定的止動位置之外的地方相撞，彈簧元件53可以被 壓縮，因此第二旋轉軸S2可以繼續向下移動，或是第一 握柄元件9可以繼續轉向第二握柄元件1 1，直到到達下一 個穩定的止動位置爲止。 在第8圖至第11圖顯示的第二種實施例中，閉鎖元 件19被安裝在曲桿元件13內的方式使其會自動轉動，因 φ 此無需設置操作元件2 1及彈簧元件43。但爲了能夠補償 止動元件17 ’41的不連續嚙合’因此還是有設置彈簧元 件53。除五這一點外，第8圖至第1 1圖的實施例和第1 圖至第7圖的實施例的功能及優點均完全相同。 整體而言，鉗子1可以經由曲桿元件1 3以有利的方 式將力放大。同時鉗口 3的開度是可以改變的。根據一種 特別有利的實施例，使用者在使用鉗子1時，鉗口 3的大 小會自動且連續的調整。此外，根據一種有利的實施例， 紺子1可以快速且確實的夾住物件以執行鎖螺絲的工作。 -33- 201032965 【圖式簡單說明】 以下配合圖式對本發明的內容做進一步的說明。其中 第1圖：鉗子的一種有利的實施例’此時鉗子處於閉 合狀態，鉗口開度最小。 第2圖：如第1圖之鉗子在最大鉗口開度的狀態。 第3圖：如第1圖之鉗子，此時鉗子處於閉合狀態， 鉗口開度最大。 @ 第4圖：如第1圖之鉗子的曲桿元件。 第5圖：如第1圖之鉗子的閉鎖元件。 第6圖：第2圖之局部放大圖。 第7圖：第3圖之局部放大圖。 第8圖：鉗子的第二種實施例，此時鉗子處於微開狀 態’鉗口開度接近最大。 第9圖：第8圖之局部放大圖。 第1〇圖：如第8圖的鉗子，此時鉗子處於幾乎閉合 ❹ 的狀態，鉗口開度接近最大。 果11圖.第10圖之局部放大圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1 :鉗子 3 :鉗口 5，7 :鉗口元件 9 ’ 1 1 :握柄元件 -34- 201032965 1 3 :曲桿元件 15，5 1 :缺口 1 7 :第一止動元件 1 9 :閉鎖元件Piece 4 3 is pushed to the release position. This is because the deformation of the operating member 2 1 is only at least partially offset, rather than the closing of the force by which the operating member 21 opens the first grip member 9. However, the second jaw member 7 has been at least slightly removed from the first port member 5, so that it is possible to grip the article', for example, to perform a lock operation. The elasticity of the actuating element 21 can thus ensure the ratcheting function of the pliers 1 via an adhesive force that prevents the second reel S2 from moving relative to the second gripping element 11, under which, even if the blocking element 19 is blocked, if necessary Will release. Since the object can be enclosed without difficulty, the user can quickly and easily complete the work of the locking screw. Figure 8 shows a second advantageous embodiment of the forceps 1. In all figures, components that have the same construction and function are denoted by the same component symbol. The configuration of the crank member 13 in this embodiment is different from that in the first embodiment of the forceps 1. In the present embodiment, the crank member 13 does not have a strand enclosing one of the two grip members 9, 11, and the crank member 13 is at the first grip member 9 and the second grip. The element 11 is placed in the gap. The slidable joint that rotatably hinges the second rotary shaft S2 is integrated into the guide body 45 and guided from the guide body 45 along the longitudinal length of the second grip member. To this end, the guide body 45 has a guide surface F3, F4 guide surface F3, which slides along the guide surface F3' F4' on the second grip element 11. The guide surface F4' is constituted by the bottom of the groove 47, and the portion of the guide body with the guide surface F4 enters the groove 47. Careful observation reveals that the bottom of the recess 47 is not completely parallel to the length of the second grip element 11. This is because of the fact that in the present embodiment -29 - 201032965, when the jaw opening is changed, the blocking member 19 is moved along a specific curve according to the shape of the crank member 13. However, in order to ensure that the first stop element 17 can perfectly stop the blocking element 19 at each jaw opening, the angle between the bottom of the groove 47 and the axial length of the second grip element 11 needs to be It is adapted to the shape of the crank member 13 . In the present embodiment, the second grip member 11 has no notch 15, but has at least one recess 49 which enters an inner side of the second grip member 11 from one side of the guide body 45. One possibility is that each side of the guide body 45 has a recess 49 which enters an inner side of the second grip element 11. Another possibility is that the guide body 45 has a groove 49 only on one side. The at least one groove 49 acts not to guide the guide body 45 or the sliding joint, but rather to provide at least one disc spring on the guide body 45, which at least one disc spring can be together with the guide body 45 at least one The inside of the groove 49 moves. The friction that prevents the movement of the guide body 45 and the second rotating shaft S2 can be adjusted via the at least one disc spring. By changing the characteristics of the at least one disc spring, or by selecting the number of disc springs, this frictional force can be adjusted to be always greater than the frictional force that prevents the rotation point SP from moving, so that when the position of the second rotating shaft S2 is fixed, In the event of a change, first the point of rotation SP will move the position in the manner already explained above, provided that its movement is not hindered by engagement or stop with the object clamped by the jaws 3. Due to the friction ratio, the second rotation axis S2 will not start moving until the rotation point SP can no longer move. The greatest difference between the embodiment of Fig. 8 and the embodiment of Fig. 1 is that the function of the blocking element 19 is not controlled by the operating element 21 -30- 201032965 on the first grip element 9 but rather is placed on the crank element Within 13, and depending on a particular angular position of the crank member 13 relative to the second grip member 11, the action of the blocking member 19 is automatically controlled. This will be explained in detail below in conjunction with the drawings. Fig. 9 is a partially enlarged view of the rounded area indicated by the broken line in Fig. 8. In all the drawings, components having the same construction and function are denoted by the same reference numerals. The blocking element 19 is placed in an elliptical notch 51 of the crank member 13 in a movable manner. The spring element 53 is arranged on the blocking element 19, wherein the spring element 53 exerts a force on the blocking element 19 in the direction of the first active position (i.e. the blocking position). Preferably, the spring element 53 is placed in a cylindrical recess of the crank element 13. Preferably, an adjustment element 55 is provided on the end of the spring element 53 opposite the blocking element 19, wherein the adjustment element 55 is supported on the crank element 13 in a suitable manner and the introduction lock can be adjusted via the adjustment element 55. Pre-force of element 19. For example, the adjustment member 55 can be a 0 grub screw that can be screwed into a suitable thread within the crank member 13. When the adjusting member 55 is moved into the crank member 13 in the direction of the spring member 53, the preload force introduced into the blocking member becomes large. Conversely, when the adjustment member 55 is moved out of the crank member 13 in the reverse direction, the preload force introduced into the blocking member becomes small. It is important that the present embodiment controls the function of the blocking member 19 via the rotation of the crank member 13. When the crank member 13 and the second grip member jj are at a specific angle, and at this angle, the grip member 9' 1 1 has also been nearly fixed in the manner described above. The face-31 - 201032965, when the grip elements 9, 11 are further close to each other the 'locking element 19' will automatically be transferred into the latching position due to its mounting in the crank element 13. At this time, at least one of the second stopper member 41 and the at least one first stopper member 17 cooperate in the manner described above, so that a holding force can be generated. Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 show a state in which the forceps 1 is slightly opened. This means that the gripping elements 9, 11 are deflected from each other by a small angle away from the closed position. For this reason, the angle between the crank member 13 and the first grip member 9 is also slightly larger than the angle clamped in the closed position (the gripping region is fixed). It can be seen from Figures 8 and 9 that, at this angular position, the blocking element 19 is turned away from the second grip element 11 so that the blocking element 19 does not cooperate with the first stop element 17. Therefore, the blocking element 19 will be in the second active position, i.e. the released position. Fig. 10 and Fig. U show the pliers 1 of the second embodiment in an almost closed state. In all the figures, components having the same construction and function are denoted by the same component symbols. Thus both grip elements 9' 11 are located at @close to the closed position, i.e., the position with the fixed gripping face. At the same time, the angle between the crank member 13 and the second grip member 会 is smaller than the angle of the state of the forceps 1 in Figs. 8 and 9. The blocking element 19 thus rotates in the direction of the second grip element 11 due to its mounting in the crank element 13, thus engaging the second stop element 41 with the first stop element 17. Fig. 11 is a partial enlarged view of a circular area drawn by a broken line in Fig. 10. As can be seen from Fig. 11, the second stop element 41 and the first stop -32 - 201032965 element 17 are not fully meshed. When the gripping members 9, 11 are brought to the closed position, i.e., to achieve the aforementioned fixed gripping zone, the retaining members 17, 41 are fully engaged, thereby sealing the gap in Fig. 11. For this purpose, the blocking element 19 is moved in the opposite direction of the spring force of the spring element 53 in the crank element 13 or the elliptical notch 51 until the indentation 51 faces the inner wall of the first grip element 9. This achieves a stable latching position and thus the aforementioned holding force. The function of the φ spring element 53 is to compensate for the necessary discontinuous engagement between the stop elements 177,41. If the stop elements 17, 41 collide outside the stable stop position in the manner mentioned above, the spring element 53 can be compressed, so that the second rotary shaft S2 can continue to move downwards, or the first grip The shank element 9 can continue to turn to the second grip element 1 1 until the next stable stop position is reached. In the second embodiment shown in Figs. 8 to 11, the latching member 19 is mounted in the crank member 13 in such a manner that it automatically rotates, since it is not necessary to provide the operating member 21 and the spring member 43. However, in order to be able to compensate for the discontinuous engagement of the stop element 17'41, a spring element 53 is also provided. Except for this point, the functions and advantages of the embodiment of Figs. 8 to 11 and the embodiment of Figs. 1 to 7 are completely the same. Overall, the pliers 1 can magnify the force in an advantageous manner via the crank element 13. At the same time, the opening of the jaws 3 can be changed. According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the size of the jaws 3 is automatically and continuously adjusted by the user when using the forceps 1. Furthermore, according to an advantageous embodiment, the dice 1 can grip the object quickly and surely to perform the work of the locking screw. -33- 201032965 [Simple Description of the Drawings] The contents of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings. In the first figure: an advantageous embodiment of the pliers' at this time the pliers are in a closed state and the jaw opening is minimal. Fig. 2: The state in which the pliers of Fig. 1 are at the maximum jaw opening. Figure 3: The pliers of Figure 1, when the pliers are in the closed state and the jaw opening is the largest. @图4: The crank element of the pliers as shown in Figure 1. Figure 5: The blocking element of the pliers as in Figure 1. Figure 6: A partial enlarged view of Fig. 2. Figure 7: A partial enlarged view of Fig. 3. Figure 8: A second embodiment of the pliers, in which the pliers are in a slightly open state' the jaw opening is near maximum. Figure 9: A partial enlarged view of Fig. 8. Figure 1 : The pliers in Figure 8, when the pliers are in a nearly closed ❹ state and the jaw opening is near maximum. Figure 11 is a partial enlarged view of Fig. 10. [Main component symbol description] 1 : Pliers 3 : Jaw 5, 7 : Jaw element 9 ' 1 1 : Grip element - 34 - 201032965 1 3 : Crank element 15, 5 1 : Notch 1 7 : First stop Moving element 1 9 : blocking element
2 1 :操作元件 23 :前端區域 2 5，2 5，：夾面 27 :下止檔 29 :頭部區域 33， 33’； 37， 37’：股 31，35，35，； 39，39，：鑽孑匕 41 :第二止動元件 43，53 :彈簧元件 45 :導向體 47 ， 49 :凹槽 5 5 :調節元件 FI， F2 ； FI’， F2’； F3 > F4 ； F3’， F4’：導向面 SP :旋轉點 S 1 :第一旋轉軸 S2 :第二旋轉軸 -35-2 1 : Operating element 23: front end region 2 5, 2 5,: grip surface 27: lower stop 29: head region 33, 33'; 37, 37': strand 31, 35, 35,; 39, 39, Drill collar 41: second stop element 43, 53: spring element 45: guide body 47, 49: groove 5 5: adjustment element FI, F2; FI', F2'; F3 >F4; F3', F4': guide surface SP: rotation point S 1 : first rotation axis S2: second rotation axis - 35-