201031817 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於風力發電裝置。 【先前技術】 風車所互連之電力系統發生事故時，系統電壓將瞬間降 低。該情形下，電力系統側將會切斷事故發生之系統，再 度僅使健全的系統復原。此期間最多需要3秒左右。 系統電壓降低時風車會發生以下之現象。 1) 由於發電機輸出瞬間降低，故產生超速。 2) 發電機過渡性流過大電流。 3) 輔助機之電動機亦過渡性流過大電流。 為針對如此之現象能安全運轉風車，例如有人提案有非 專利文獻1、非專利文獻2所揭示之技術。 例如，非專利文獻丨中，為抑制超速之產生，揭示了利 用葉片之螺距控制之方法（參照非專利文獻丨之18〇頁之第6 行、及181頁之第14行）。 非專利文獻1中揭示了為避免大電流過渡性流遇發 電機轉子繞線而使控制轉子電流之轉換器損傷之可能性， 而暫時停止轉換器之技術。具體言之，係揭示當於發電機 轉子繞線流過特定值以上之電流時，關閉轉換器之開關的 技術。且，非專利文獻1中揭示了當上述現象發生之情 藉由使轉子繞線短路，使其作與通常之感應發電機相 同的動作’使轉換器之控制能力喪失的技術。 非專利文獻2中揭示了於電壓降低時，自不斷電電 138770.doc 201031817 源裝置（UPS : Uninterruptible Power Supply)對驅動電路等 供給電源的技術。 [非專利文獻1]201031817 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field to Which the Invention Is Ascribed] The present invention relates to a wind power generation device. [Prior Art] When an accident occurs in the power system interconnected by the windmill, the system voltage will drop instantaneously. In this case, the power system side will cut off the system in which the accident occurred, and only restore the sound system. This period can take up to 3 seconds. When the system voltage is lowered, the following phenomenon occurs in the windmill. 1) Overspeed occurs because the generator output is instantaneously reduced. 2) The generator has a large current flowing through the transition. 3) The motor of the auxiliary machine also flows through a large current. In order to safely operate the windmill for such a phenomenon, for example, a technique disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2 has been proposed. For example, in the non-patent document, in order to suppress the occurrence of overspeed, a method of controlling the pitch of the blade is disclosed (refer to the sixth line of the 18th page of the Non-Patent Document, and the 14th line of page 181). Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for temporarily stopping the converter in order to avoid the possibility that the large-current transient flow encounters the rotor winding of the generator and the converter controlling the rotor current is damaged. Specifically, it is a technique for turning off the switch of the converter when the generator rotor winding flows a current above a certain value. Further, Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a technique in which the above-described phenomenon occurs by short-circuiting a rotor wire to perform the same operation as a normal induction generator to lose controllability of the converter. Non-Patent Document 2 discloses a technique for supplying power to a drive circuit or the like from a constant power supply (UPS: Uninterruptible Power Supply) when the voltage is lowered. [Non-Patent Document 1]
Vladislav Akhmatov, 「Variable-speed Wind Turbines with Doubly-fed Induction Generators Part II : Power system Stability」，Wind Engineering Vol_26，No.3，2002, pp. 171-188 [非專利文獻2]Vladislav Akhmatov, "Variable-speed Wind Turbines with Doubly-fed Induction Generators Part II: Power system Stability", Wind Engineering Vol_26, No. 3, 2002, pp. 171-188 [Non-Patent Document 2]
Eric M. Sisa, 「Power Outages And Power Dip Ride， Through」，IEEE Annual Texile, Fiber and Film Industry Conference, 1995, pp. 37-43 【發明内容】 然而，上述非專利文獻1及2中皆未提到系統電壓降低時 之具體的對應方法，且，亦未考慮關於輔助機之處理。 本發明之目的在於提供一種即使系統事故發生時亦可繼 續進行輔助機之運轉的風力發電裝置。 本發明之風力發電裝置，具備：發電機；主斷路器，係 設於連接上述發電機與電力系統之電力線上；及辅助機斷 路器，係設於連接輔助機與上述電力系統之電力線上； 且’上述輔助機斷路器係容許低電壓現象下流動之電流， 並具有不超過上述輔助機所具有之電動機之容許電流的範 圍的耐電流性能；上述主斷路器之耐電流性能優於上述輔 助機斷路器，並具有不超過上述發電機之容許電流之範圍 的耐電流性能。 138770.doc 201031817 根據本發明，輔助機斷路器具有能承受因低電壓現象之 電壓急劇降低所產生之過電流的.耐電流性能；且，主斷路 器具有優於辅助機斷路器之耐電流性能。因此，即使發生 低電壓現象，亦無需將任何斷路器停機，可維持電力系統 與輔助機斷路器之連接狀態、及電力系統與發電機之連接 狀態。藉此，即使低電壓現象發生，亦可維持辅助機之運 轉。 主斷路器之耐電流性能優於輔助機斷路器之耐電流性 ® 能，係指例如主斷路器之電流容許值被設定為大於輔助機 斷路器之電流容許值。 上述風力發電裝置亦可具備複數之葉片、及控制上述複 數之葉片之俯仰角（pitch angle)的葉片控制部，且，上述 葉片控制部於供給有可動作之驅動電力之期間，亦可進行 上述葉片之俯仰角控制。 根據如此構成，只要對葉片控制部供給可動作之驅動電 φ 力，便可藉由葉片控制部進行葉片之俯仰角控制，故無關 低電壓現象發生與否，皆可繼續進行根據同一控制邏輯之 葉片的俯仰角控制。藉此，低電壓現象發生時與不發生 時，均無需轉換控制内容，可謀求控制的簡化。 上述風力發電裝置亦可具備：轉換器，係、將上述發電機 轉子之輸出由三相交流電力轉換為直流電力；換流器，係 將由上述轉換器輸出之直流電力轉換為3相交流電力；及 控制部，係控制上述轉換器及上述換流器；且’上述控制 部係監視上述發電機之轉子電流或由上述轉換器所轉換之 138770.doc 201031817 直流電壓，當該轉子電流或上述直流電壓超出既定之電流 臨限值或電壓臨限值時，使上述轉換器及上述換流器之動 作停止。 如此，轉換器及換流器，無關輔助機或電力系統之狀 態，可根據發電機之轉子電流或由上述轉換器所轉換之直 流電壓的狀態決定停止動作。該控制為先前以來一般進行 的控制。因此，對於低電壓現象，無必要追加新的機能、 或設定新的判斷基準，可直接利用通常之控制。 根據本發明，能獲得即使系統事故發生時亦可繼續進行 輔助機之運轉的效果。 【實施方式】 以下，茲參照圖式說明本發明之風力發電裝置的一實施 形態。 裝置之整體構成的方 具備塔柱2、及設於 圖1係顯示本實施形態之風力發電 塊圖。風力發電裝置1，如圖1所示， 塔柱2上端之機艙機艙3可於搖動方向旋轉’藉由機艙 旋轉機構4朝向所期望之方向。於機艙3搭載有發電 齒輪6。發電機5之轉子經由齒輪6接合於風車轉子7。 風車轉子7具備葉片8、及支撐葉片8之軸轂9。葉片8係 以其螺距角為可變之方式設置。於軸轂9收納有驅動葉片8 之油壓缸’及對於油壓缸供給油壓之飼服閱 之開度’控制供給於油壓缸之油壓，藉此， 所期望之俯仰角。 。根據伺服閥 葉片8控制為 該風速風向計10係測 於機艙3進而設有風速風向計1〇 138770.doc 201031817 定風速與風向。機艙3應答於由風速風向計1〇測定之風速 與風向而被旋轉。 圖2係顯示發電機5及其周邊之構成之一例的方塊圖。本 實施形態之發電機5，係以發電機5產生之電力可由定子繞 線及轉子繞線之兩方輸出至電力系統13而構成。具體而 言，發電機5之定子繞線連接於電力系統13，轉子繞線係 經由AC-DC-AC轉換器17連接於電力系統13。 AC-DC-AC轉換器17係由主動整流器（轉換器）14、〇(：匯 流排15、及換流器16構成，且將由轉子繞線接受之交流電 力轉換為適於電力系統13之頻率的交流電力。主動整流器 14係將轉子繞線產生之交流電力轉換為直流電力，並將該 直流電力輸出於DC匯流排15。換流器16係將由〇(：：匯流排 15接受之直流電力轉換為與電力系統13相同頻率的交流電 力，並輸出該交流電力。 AC-DC-AC轉換器17亦具有將由電力系統13接受之交流 φ 電力轉換為適於轉子繞線之頻率的交流電力的機能，且亦 使用於根據風力發電裝置1之運轉狀況將轉子繞線激磁。 該情形下，換流器16將交流電力轉換為直流電力，並將該 直流電力輸出於DC匯流排15。主動整流器14將由DC匯流 排15接受之直流電力轉換為適於轉子繞線之頻率的交流電 力，並將該交流電力供給於發電機5之轉子繞線。 又，於轉子繞線連接有用卩進行主動整流器14之過電流 保護的撬棍電路27。該撬棍電路27，係於流過轉子繞線之 電流或DC匯流排15之電壓超過既定之臨限值時動作且 138770.doc 201031817 經由電阻使轉子繞線短路。又，亦可不經由電阻而使之直 接短路。藉此使轉子繞線之電流減弱，而無過電流流至主 動整流器14。 又，將發電機5連接於電力系統13之電力線上，設有測 量發電機5之輸出電壓V與輸出電流I的電壓/電流感測器（圖 示省略）。該電壓/電流感測器之測量值係給與至轉換器驅 動控制部（控制部）21。 轉換器驅動控制部21，為控制應答於有效電力指令ρ*、 無效電力指令Q*而輸出之有效電力ρ與無效電力q，而控 制主動整流器14之功率電晶體之開關。具體而言，轉換器 驅動控制部21 ’係由藉由電壓/電流感測器測定之輸出電 壓V及輸出電流I，算出有效電力ρ與無效電力q。且轉換 器驅動控制部21，係應答於有效電力ρ與有效電力指令pj|! 之差、及無效電力Q與無效電力指令Q*之差進行PWM控制 而生成PWM信號，並將生成之PWM信號供給於主動整流 器14。藉此，控制有效電力P與無效電力Q。 轉換器驅動控制部21係監控發電機轉子電流及DC鏈電 壓’於當該等值超過預先設定之臨限值時，使撬棍電路乏7 動作’並關閉主動整流器14及換流器16的開關。該控制為 —般進行之控制《如此，根據系統電壓之情況，無須使撬 棍電路27等動作，而係藉由上述發電機轉子電流及DC鏈 電壓之情況切換控制内容，故對於低電壓現象，無必要追 加新的機能，或設定新的判斷基準。 葉片控制部22，係應答於由主控制部19傳送之螺距指令 138770.doc 201031817 β*，控制葉片8之俯仰角β。葉片8之俯仰角p被控制為與螺 距指令β*一致。 葉片控制部22，於被供給可動作之驅動電力之期間，係 進行控制以使葉片8之俯仰角β與螺距指令ρ*一致。因此， 即使發生後述之低電壓現象之情形，仍可繼續進行俯仰角 控制。藉此，無須於低電壓現象發生時與不發生時切換控 制内容，可謀求控制的簡化。又，即使低電壓現象發生之 期間，亦可藉由繼續進行通常之俯仰角控制，而避免超速 擊發生。 又’電力線之上述電壓/電流感測器之下游側連接有變 壓器24。該變壓器24係將經由電力線由電力系統13接受之 交流電力降壓，並供給於風力發電裝置丨所具備之複數之 輔助機25。作為辅助機25 ,例如有用以控制葉片8之俯仰 角β所使用之泵電動機、風扇電動機等。又，亦可進一步 使用AC/DC轉換器（圖示省略）將由變壓器24生成之交流電 φ 力轉換為直流電力，並作為主控制部19、轉換器驅動控制 部21、葉片控制部22之驅動電力而供給。 本實施形態中，連接各輔助機25與電力系統13之電力線 上分別設有輔助機斷路器40。另，取代該構成，例如亦可 對於複數之輔助機25設置1個辅助機斷路器4〇,又可對於 所有輔助機25設置1個輔助機斷路器4〇。 又，於連接發電機5與電力系統13之電力線上設有主斷 路器30。具體而言，主斷路器3〇在風車所具備之所有的構 成要件中，被設於最靠近電力系統13之位置。 138770.doc 201031817 上述主斷路㈣、輔助機斷路㈣，例如係被配置於塔 柱2之下方所配置的互連盤（圖示省略）中。 其次’參照圖式說明本發明之特徵部分之上述主斷路器 30及輔助機斷路器40的耐電流性能。 輔助機斷路H4G容許於低電壓現象流動之電流，且具有 不超過輔助機25所具備之電動機之容許電流的範圍的耐電 流性能。 主斷路器30之耐電流性能優於輔助機斷路器4〇，且，具 有不超過發電機5之容許電流之範圍的耐電流性能。 低電壓現象為例如跨百msw上而未達數百犯之範圍， 電壓為0V，且，電壓下降至恢復需要數秒之現象。作為該 低電廢現象’例如可列舉有MVRT所要求之電壓降低模 式之一例。 圖3顯示於LVRT所要求之電壓降低模式之一例。圖3所 不之電壓降低模式t，首先，系統電壓VgHd瞬間降低至 〇v，该狀態維持150 ms，其後電壓緩慢恢復，由電壓瞬間 降低之時點經約4 s系統電壓Vgrid恢復。如此，系統電壓Eric M. Sisa, "Power Outages And Power Dip Ride, Through", IEEE Annual Texile, Fiber and Film Industry Conference, 1995, pp. 37-43 [Invention] However, none of the above non-patent documents 1 and 2 The specific corresponding method when the system voltage is lowered, and the processing of the auxiliary machine is not considered. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a wind power generator that can continue the operation of an auxiliary machine even when a system accident occurs. A wind power generator according to the present invention includes: a generator; a main breaker disposed on a power line connecting the generator and the power system; and an auxiliary breaker disposed on a power line connecting the auxiliary machine and the power system; And the above auxiliary circuit breaker is capable of allowing a current flowing under a low voltage phenomenon and having a current withstand capability not exceeding a range of an allowable current of the motor of the auxiliary machine; the current resistance of the main circuit breaker is superior to the above auxiliary The circuit breaker has a current withstand capability that does not exceed the range of allowable current of the generator. 138770.doc 201031817 According to the present invention, the auxiliary circuit breaker has an overcurrent resistance capable of withstanding an overcurrent generated by a voltage drop due to a low voltage phenomenon; and the main circuit breaker has a current withstand capability higher than that of the auxiliary circuit breaker. . Therefore, even if a low voltage phenomenon occurs, it is not necessary to stop any circuit breaker, and the connection state between the power system and the auxiliary circuit breaker and the connection state between the power system and the generator can be maintained. Thereby, even if a low voltage phenomenon occurs, the operation of the auxiliary machine can be maintained. The current resistance of the main circuit breaker is better than the current resistance of the auxiliary circuit breaker. It means that the current tolerance of the main circuit breaker is set to be greater than the current tolerance of the auxiliary circuit breaker. The wind turbine generator may include a plurality of blades and a blade control unit that controls a pitch angle of the plurality of blades, and the blade control unit may perform the above-described period while supplying the operable driving power. The pitch angle control of the blade. According to this configuration, the blade control unit can perform the pitch angle control of the blade by supplying the operable drive power φ force to the blade control unit. Therefore, regardless of the occurrence of the low voltage phenomenon, the same control logic can be continued. The pitch angle control of the blade. Thereby, when the low voltage phenomenon occurs or does not occur, it is not necessary to switch the control content, and the control can be simplified. The wind power generator may further include: a converter that converts an output of the generator rotor from three-phase AC power to DC power; and an inverter that converts DC power output by the converter into 3-phase AC power; And a control unit that controls the converter and the inverter; and the control unit monitors a rotor current of the generator or a dc voltage of 138770.doc 201031817 converted by the converter, when the rotor current or the DC When the voltage exceeds a predetermined current threshold or voltage threshold, the operation of the converter and the inverter is stopped. In this way, the converter and the inverter, irrespective of the state of the auxiliary machine or the power system, can be determined according to the rotor current of the generator or the state of the DC voltage converted by the converter. This control is a control that has been generally performed before. Therefore, for the low voltage phenomenon, it is not necessary to add a new function or set a new judgment criterion, and the normal control can be directly used. According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain an effect of continuing the operation of the auxiliary machine even when a system accident occurs. [Embodiment] Hereinafter, an embodiment of a wind power generator according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The entire structure of the apparatus is provided with a tower 2, and Fig. 1 shows a wind power generation block diagram of the present embodiment. The wind power generator 1, as shown in Fig. 1, the nacelle nacelle 3 at the upper end of the tower 2 is rotatable in the rocking direction' by the nacelle rotating mechanism 4 in a desired direction. A power generating gear 6 is mounted in the nacelle 3. The rotor of the generator 5 is coupled to the windmill rotor 7 via a gear 6. The windmill rotor 7 includes a blade 8 and a hub 9 that supports the blade 8. The blade 8 is arranged in such a manner that its pitch angle is variable. The hydraulic cylinder ‘ in which the drive vane 8 is housed in the hub 9 and the opening degree of the feeding service for supplying the hydraulic pressure to the hydraulic cylinder' control the hydraulic pressure supplied to the hydraulic cylinder, thereby achieving a desired pitch angle. . According to the control of the servo valve blade 8, the wind speed and direction meter 10 is measured in the nacelle 3 and further provided with a wind speed and direction meter 1 138770.doc 201031817 to determine the wind speed and direction. The nacelle 3 is rotated in response to the wind speed and wind direction measured by the wind speed and direction meter 1〇. Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the generator 5 and its periphery. In the generator 5 of the present embodiment, the electric power generated by the generator 5 can be outputted to both the stator winding and the rotor winding to the electric power system 13. Specifically, the stator winding of the generator 5 is connected to the power system 13, and the rotor winding is connected to the power system 13 via the AC-DC-AC converter 17. The AC-DC-AC converter 17 is composed of an active rectifier (converter) 14, 〇 (: bus bar 15, and inverter 16), and converts AC power received by the rotor winding into a frequency suitable for the power system 13. The AC power converter converts the AC power generated by the rotor winding into DC power and outputs the DC power to the DC bus bar 15. The inverter 16 is a DC power source that is received by the 〇 (:: bus bar 15) The AC power is converted to the same frequency as the power system 13, and the AC power is output. The AC-DC-AC converter 17 also has AC power that is converted by the power system 13 into AC power suitable for the frequency of the rotor winding. The function is also used to excite the rotor winding according to the operating condition of the wind power generator 1. In this case, the inverter 16 converts the alternating current power into direct current power, and outputs the direct current power to the DC busbar 15. Active rectifier 14 converts the DC power received by the DC busbar 15 into AC power suitable for the frequency of the rotor winding, and supplies the AC power to the rotor winding of the generator 5. Further, winding around the rotor The crowbar circuit 27 is connected to the overcurrent protection of the active rectifier 14. The crowbar circuit 27 is operated when the current flowing through the rotor winding or the voltage of the DC bus 15 exceeds a predetermined threshold and is 138770. Doc 201031817 Short-circuit the rotor winding via a resistor. Alternatively, it can be directly short-circuited without passing through the resistor, thereby reducing the current of the rotor winding and no overcurrent flowing to the active rectifier 14. Again, connecting the generator 5 to The power line of the power system 13 is provided with a voltage/current sensor (not shown) for measuring the output voltage V and the output current I of the generator 5. The measured value of the voltage/current sensor is given to the converter. The drive control unit (control unit) 21. The converter drive control unit 21 controls the power of the active rectifier 14 to control the effective power ρ and the reactive power q output in response to the effective power command ρ* and the reactive power command Q*. Specifically, the converter drive control unit 21' calculates the effective power ρ and the reactive power q from the output voltage V and the output current I measured by the voltage/current sensor. The converter drive control unit 21 generates a PWM signal in response to a difference between the effective power ρ and the effective power command pj|! and a difference between the reactive power Q and the invalid power command Q*, and supplies the generated PWM signal. In the active rectifier 14. Thereby, the effective power P and the reactive power Q are controlled. The converter drive control unit 21 monitors the generator rotor current and the DC link voltage 'when the value exceeds a preset threshold value, The stick circuit lacks 7 actions' and turns off the switches of the active rectifier 14 and the inverter 16. The control is generally controlled. Thus, according to the system voltage, it is not necessary to operate the crowbar circuit 27, etc. Since the generator rotor current and the DC link voltage are switched to control the content, it is not necessary to add a new function or set a new criterion for the low voltage phenomenon. The blade control unit 22 controls the pitch angle β of the blade 8 in response to the pitch command 138770.doc 201031817 β* transmitted by the main control unit 19. The pitch angle p of the blade 8 is controlled to coincide with the pitch command β*. The blade control unit 22 controls so that the pitch angle β of the blade 8 coincides with the pitch command ρ* while the operable driving power is being supplied. Therefore, even if a low voltage phenomenon described later occurs, the pitch angle control can be continued. Thereby, it is not necessary to switch the control contents when the low voltage phenomenon occurs or when it does not occur, and the control can be simplified. Further, even during the period in which the low voltage phenomenon occurs, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of overshoot by continuing the normal pitch angle control. Further, a transformer 24 is connected to the downstream side of the above voltage/current sensor of the power line. The transformer 24 steps down the AC power received by the power system 13 via the power line, and supplies it to a plurality of auxiliary machines 25 included in the wind power generator. As the auxiliary machine 25, for example, a pump motor, a fan motor, and the like which are used to control the pitch angle ? of the blade 8 are used. Further, the AC power converter φ force generated by the transformer 24 can be further converted into DC power by using an AC/DC converter (not shown), and can be used as the driving power of the main control unit 19, the converter drive control unit 21, and the blade control unit 22. And supply. In the present embodiment, the auxiliary machine breaker 40 is provided on each of the power lines connecting the auxiliary machines 25 and the electric power system 13. Further, instead of this configuration, for example, one auxiliary machine breaker 4 may be provided for the plurality of auxiliary machines 25, and one auxiliary machine breaker 4 may be provided for all the auxiliary machines 25. Further, a main circuit breaker 30 is provided on a power line connecting the generator 5 and the electric power system 13. Specifically, the main breaker 3 is disposed at the position closest to the electric power system 13 among all the constituent elements of the wind turbine. 138770.doc 201031817 The above-mentioned main breaking circuit (4) and auxiliary machine breaking circuit (4) are, for example, arranged in an interconnecting disk (not shown) disposed below the column 2. Next, the current resistance performance of the above-described main breaker 30 and auxiliary breaker 40 which are characteristic parts of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The auxiliary machine disconnection H4G allows current flowing under a low voltage phenomenon and has a current resistance performance that does not exceed a range of allowable current of the motor provided in the auxiliary machine 25. The main circuit breaker 30 has a current withstand current superior to that of the auxiliary machine circuit breaker 4, and has a current withstand capability that does not exceed the allowable current range of the generator 5. The low voltage phenomenon is, for example, a range of hundreds of milliseconds and less than a few hundred, and the voltage is 0 V, and the voltage drops to recovery for several seconds. As the low-power waste phenomenon, for example, an example of a voltage reduction mode required for MVRT can be cited. Figure 3 shows an example of the voltage reduction mode required for LVRT. In Fig. 3, the voltage reduction mode t, firstly, the system voltage VgHd is instantaneously reduced to 〇v, the state is maintained for 150 ms, after which the voltage is slowly recovered, and the voltage is instantaneously reduced by the time point of about 4 s system voltage Vgrid. So, the system voltage
Vgrid變化時’針對發電機5之輸出電壓v及輸出電流工如何 變化而進行模擬解析。 圖4及圖5顯示其結果。圖4顯示發電機5之輸出電壓v的 變化，圖5顯示發電機5之輸出電流〗的變化。圖4所示之發 電機5之輸出電壓v顯現與圖3所示之系統電壓有大致 相同的變化。圖5所示之發電機5之輸出電流I，伴隨著系 統電壓Vgrid之瞬間降低，過電流瞬間流動，其後，以跨 138770.doc 201031817 額定電流之方式轡叙 么u A «·. 變勤’糸統電壓Vgrid恢復後約數百ms後 安定。 圖6係以與額定電流之比表示圖5所示之發電機5之輸出 电流1且將時間輛（橫軸）放大顯示。圖6中，由於係以每 1/6G 算發電機5之輸出電流I的實效值，故電流值以階 • 帛狀表$ &圖6所不’發生圖3所示之電虔降低模式之低 電壓見象_可知最大有55倍左右之電流於"6G秒間流動。 φ 因此’為對應圖3所示之電麼降低模式，輔助機斷路器 4〇有必要至少具有即使相對於額定有5.5倍之過電流流 過，仍未停機程度的耐電流性能。 另，圖3所示之低電麼現象之電壓降低模式僅為一例， 輔助機斷路器4〇，例如有必要具有完全克服基於LVRT之 要求之電廢降低模式的对電壓性能。 其後’囷7顯示輔助機斷路器及辅助機之電動機之容許 電机的關係的一例。圖7中，橫轴表示相對於輔助機之電 參冑機電流之額定電流的倍率，縱軸表示容許時間（秒）。 如圖7所不’輔助機斷路器4()之最大容許電流係設定為 低於電動機之容許電流，且設定為高於低電壓發生時之電 動機過渡電流。 又’雖未圖示，但主斷路器之耐電流特性係設定為小於 發電機之容許電流，而高於輔助機斷路器4〇。 圖7之低電壓發生時之電動機過渡電流，例如，可為表 示進行上述過渡解析後之結果者，且，亦可為不進行上述 過渡解析而藉由計算發電機電動機之3相短路時之電流而 138770.doc • 11 · 201031817 求得。 如上說明，根據本實施形態之風力發電裝置1，由於輔 助機斷路器40及主斷路器30具有可承受因低電壓現象所致 之電壓降低所產生之過電流的耐電流性能，故即使發生低 電壓現象亦無需停機’可維持電力系統13與各辅助機25之 連接狀態，及電力系統13與發電機5之連接狀態。藉此， 即使於低電壓現象發生之期間，亦可如通常般運轉輔助機When Vgrid changes, the simulation analysis is performed on how the output voltage v and the output current of the generator 5 change. Figures 4 and 5 show the results. Fig. 4 shows the change of the output voltage v of the generator 5, and Fig. 5 shows the change of the output current of the generator 5. The output voltage v of the generator 5 shown in Fig. 4 appears to have substantially the same variation as the system voltage shown in Fig. 3. The output current I of the generator 5 shown in Fig. 5 is accompanied by a momentary decrease of the system voltage Vgrid, and the overcurrent flows instantaneously. Thereafter, it is swayed by the 337770.doc 201031817 rated current. u A «·. 'The system voltage Vgrid recovered after a few hundred ms. Fig. 6 shows the output current 1 of the generator 5 shown in Fig. 5 in a ratio to the rated current and enlarges the time vehicle (horizontal axis). In Fig. 6, since the effective value of the output current I of the generator 5 is calculated every 1/6G, the current value is in the order of 帛 帛 $ & & & 图 图 图 图 图 图 图 图 图 图 图 图The low voltage is seen as _. It can be seen that there is a current of about 55 times the current flowing in "6G seconds. φ Therefore, it is necessary to correspond to the electric reduction mode shown in Fig. 3, and it is necessary for the auxiliary circuit breaker 4 to have at least a current withstand capability even if the overcurrent flows 5.5 times with respect to the rated value. In addition, the voltage reduction mode of the low power phenomenon shown in Fig. 3 is only an example, and the auxiliary circuit breaker 4 is, for example, necessary to have a voltage performance that completely overcomes the EVRT-based electric waste reduction mode. Thereafter, 囷7 shows an example of the relationship between the auxiliary motor breaker and the motor of the auxiliary machine. In Fig. 7, the horizontal axis represents the magnification of the rated current with respect to the motor current of the auxiliary machine, and the vertical axis represents the allowable time (seconds). The maximum allowable current of the auxiliary machine breaker 4 () as shown in Fig. 7 is set to be lower than the allowable current of the motor, and is set to be higher than the motor transient current when the low voltage occurs. Further, although not shown, the current resistance characteristic of the main breaker is set to be smaller than the allowable current of the generator and higher than the auxiliary breaker 4 。. The motor transient current at the time of occurrence of the low voltage of FIG. 7 may be, for example, the result of performing the above-described transient analysis, or may be a current when calculating the 3-phase short circuit of the generator motor without performing the above-described transient analysis. And 138770.doc • 11 · 201031817 obtained. As described above, according to the wind power generator 1 of the present embodiment, since the auxiliary circuit breaker 40 and the main breaker 30 have the withstand current performance capable of withstanding the overcurrent generated by the voltage drop due to the low voltage phenomenon, even if the occurrence is low The voltage phenomenon also does not require a shutdown, and the connection state between the power system 13 and each auxiliary machine 25 and the connection state between the power system 13 and the generator 5 can be maintained. Thereby, even during the period of the low voltage phenomenon, the auxiliary machine can be operated as usual.
25。即，具有無必要於低電壓現象發生之期間開關輔助機 類的優點。 再者，由於轉換器驅動控制部21及葉片控制部22於低電 壓現象發生之期間亦可繼續進行通常之控制，故無需為低 電壓現象準備新的控制邏輯，藉由與先前相同之構成便可 進行葉片8之俯仰角控制、及AC-DC-AC轉換器! 7之控制。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1係顯不本發明—音 „ 巧I實施形態之風力發電裝置之整體 構成的方塊圖。25. That is, there is an advantage that it is not necessary to switch the auxiliary machine during the occurrence of a low voltage phenomenon. Further, since the converter drive control unit 21 and the blade control unit 22 can continue the normal control during the occurrence of the low voltage phenomenon, it is not necessary to prepare a new control logic for the low voltage phenomenon, and the same configuration as before It is possible to control the pitch angle of the blade 8 and the AC-DC-AC converter! BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of a wind power generator of the present invention.
叫錢不發電機及其周邊之構成之一例的方塊圖。 =示於LVRT所要求之電料低模式之一例㈣ 私“ 所不之電壓下降模式發生時之發電; 輸出電以模擬解析所得之解析結果的圖。發電〗 示將圖3所示之錢下降模式發生時 輸出電流以模擬解析所得之解析結果的圖。 ，係利用與額定電流之比表示圖 電流，並將時間轴放大顯示的圖。《發電機之輕 138770.doc -12- 201031817 圖7係顯示本發明之一實施形態之辅助機斷路器及發電 機之電動機的容許電流之關係之一例的圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1 風力發電裝置 5 發電機 13 電力系統 14 主動整流器 · 15 DC匯流排A block diagram of an example of the composition of the money generator and its surroundings. = An example of the low-electric mode required by the LVRT (4) Private "Power generation when the voltage drop mode is not generated; the output of the analysis result of the simulation analysis. Power generation" shows the money shown in Figure 3. When the mode occurs, the output current is simulated to obtain a graph of the analytical result obtained by the analysis. The ratio of the current to the rated current is used to represent the current of the graph, and the time axis is enlarged and displayed. "Light of the generator 138770.doc -12- 201031817 Figure 7 A diagram showing an example of the relationship between the allowable currents of the auxiliary machine breaker and the motor of the generator according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Description of main components] 1 Wind power generation device 5 Generator 13 Power system 14 Active rectifier · 15 DC Busbar
16 換流器 17 AC-DC-AC轉換器 19 主控制部 21 轉換器驅動控制部 22 葉片控制部 24 變壓器 25 輔助機 27 撬棍電路 30 主斷路器 40 辅助機斷路器 138770.doc •13-16 Inverter 17 AC-DC-AC converter 19 Main control unit 21 Converter drive control unit 22 Blade control unit 24 Transformer 25 Auxiliary machine 27 Crowbar circuit 30 Main breaker 40 Auxiliary machine breaker 138770.doc •13-