201023472 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於種具取大功率追縱〔Maximum Power Point Tracking，MPPT〕功能之獨立型〔stand_al〇ne〕發電系統之蓄電池 充電裝置及其方法，特別是關於應用於風力、太陽能發電或其他 再生能源發電等需要具最大功率追蹤功能之獨立型發電系統之蓄 電池充電裝置及其方法，該蓄電池充電裝置包含一直流/直流轉換 器及一控制電路；更特別是該控制電路以四個工作模式〔〇perati〇n mode〕控制該直流/直流轉換器，並依風力或太陽能發電輸出功率 及蓄電池狀態條件選擇啟動該四個工作模式之一，以提高風力、 太陽能或其他再生能源發電系統輸出能量之利用率。 【先前技術】 傳統小型獨立型風力或太陽能發電系統係指將該發電系統所 產生之電力直接輸出供應至負載使用，而再將多餘電力儲存於電 池。當該發電系統之輸出電力不足時，則由該電池進行供電。此 類型發電系統通常採用較小設備容量，故其相對適用於輸配電系 統無法供電之偏遠地區，且使用此類型發電系統之區域也大部份 處於缺乏電力資源供應的環境，故有必要儘可能提高此類型發電 系統的能量利用率。 由於獨立型風力或太陽能發電系統之輸出功率不穩定，且有 些時間可能低於負載所需，因此一般獨立型風力或太陽能發電系 統均配備有蓄電池及其充電裝置。為了有效運用蓄電池在發電系 統内儲存能量的功能，因而必須充分利用發電系統產生的能量進 行快速充電至該蓄電池，以做為負載的電源。然而，若蓄電池進 201023472 行不當快速充電時，易導致損壞蓄電池，即縮短電池壽命。 傳統蓄電池充電方法主要包含：定電流充電法〔_編 cmrent charging method〕、定電壓充電法〔⑺⑽抓 v〇ltage charging method〕、混合定電流/電壓充電法〔⑶⑽祕cmTent/ constant voltage charging method〕及脈衝電流充電法〔 current charging method〕等 ° 事實上，前述充電方法仍各自具有技術優點及缺點。例如： 小電流定電流充電法具有充電時間過長的缺點；大電流定電流充 ® 電法具有因過度充電而損壞蓄電池的缺點。定電壓充電法具有如 因過度放電而導致蓄電池端電壓過低時，在開始充電時，因產生 過大充電電流而損壞蓄電池的缺點。混合定電流/電壓充電法仍無 法改善因大電流充電導致損壞蓄電池的缺點。至於脈衝電流充電 法，其對蓄電池的損壞較小。 一般而言，習用具最大功率追蹤功能之獨立型發電系統〔例 如：風力或太陽能發電系統〕之蓄電池充電方法大都採用定電流 與定電壓兩段式充電，即採用混合定電流/電壓充電法。當該發電 ® 系統之輸出電能小於負載所需能量〔Pa，負載功率〕及蓄電池充 電所需能量〔Pb，蓄電池最大定電流之充電功率〕時，該發電系 統進入最大功率追蹤模式；當該發電系統之輸出電能大於負載所 需能量及蓄電池充電所需能量之總和〔Pa+Pb〕時，為了防止過大 之充電電流損害蓄電池，將該發電系統之輸出電能限制低於該負 載所需能量及最大充電電流之設定值之和，亦即必須停止該發電 系統之最大功率追蹤機制；此時，該發電系統無法輸出最大功率 ’其所能產生之多餘能量無法完全有效的被輸出利用。 201023472 第1圖揭示習用具最大功率追蹤功能之獨立型發電系統之輸 出功率曲線圖。當該獨立型發電系統為太陽能發電系統時，其輸 出功率特性曲線PI、P2、P3及P4分別代表在不同日照度下該太 陽能發電系統輸出功率與其輸出端電壓之關係，其中曲線p4之曰 照度最強，而曲線P1之曰照度最弱。另外，當該獨立型發電系統 為風力發電系統時’其輸出功率特性曲線pi、p2、p3及p4分別 代表在不同風力下該風力發電系統輸出功率與其發電機之轉速關 係，其中曲線P4之風速最強、曲線p3之風速次強、曲線p2之風 ® 速次弱及曲線P1之風速最弱。請參照第1圖所示，其中當曲線P3 及P4之最大功率區域大於負載所需能量及蓄電池充電所需能量之 總和〔Pa+Pb〕時’將限制該獨立型發電系統之輸出功率在負載所 而月b置及畜電池充電所需能量之總和〔pa+pb〕，因而導致其無法 完全有效細立型發電純之輸出功率〔如第丨圖之網格區 域所示〕。 另-習社陽能脈衝式充電裝置，如中華民國專利第觸衫 號’其揭示充電方法與前述充電方_似m具最大功率 罾 追縱功能之充電裝置之充電方法，如美國公開專利第2006/0174939 號’其揭示太陽能發電系統充找置之充電方法，其將太陽能經 -充電裝置輸出-穩定電壓後，再輸出至f電池及負載。若其輸 出功率小於蓄電池充電及負載消耗功率之總和時該充電裝置可 執行最大功率棘_ ;反之，若其輪出料切f電池充電及 負載消耗功率之總和時，該充錄置停止執行最大功率追縱機制 ’並將其輸出功率設定於蓄電池充電及負載消耗功率之總和，以 維持輸出一固定電壓，該充電方法為定電壓法。 201023472 顯然，該第2006/0174939號雖然可輸出穩定電壓，以避免該 輸出電壓之劇烈變動而損害負載’並進一步簡化系統結構，但是 當蓄電池處於低儲能狀態時，其電壓較低；此時，若該充電裝置 開始啟動在定電壓充電模式時，由於蓄電池與充電裝置之電壓差 距過大’因而產生過大的充電電流，該過大充電電流除了減短蓄 電池之使用壽命之外’亦可能損壞該充電裝置。簡言之，該第 2006/0174939號之充電方法仍有必要進一步改善其缺點，以避免 損壞3亥充電裝置及蓄電池，換吕之’當將具最大功率追縱功能之 充電裝置之充電法與其他充電方法進行整合時，亦仍有必要適當 改善其缺點。 中華民國專利公開公報第200825278號揭示具最大功率追蹤 功能之風力發電系統之蓄電池充電方法，但該方法需使用一直流/ 直流轉換器及一脈衝控制〔產生〕電路，且該風力發電系統之蓄 電池充電方法包含五種工作模式。因此，無論硬體控制電路或控 制方式皆具有較複雜的缺點。 有鑑於此，本發明為了改良上述缺點，本發明能提供一種具 最大功率追蹤功能之獨立型發電系統之蓄電池充電裝置，該裝置 包含一直流/直流轉換器及一控制電路，該控制電路控制該直流/ 直流轉換器形成四個工作模式，當獨立型發電系統之輸出功率較 小時，啟動最大功率追蹤魏，其充電電流為―連續電流，若該 發電系統之輸出功率小於負載功率時，由該發電系統及蓄電池共 同供應電力至該負載，當該蓄電池電舰於—預定最小放電電壓 值時，切離該負載，當該獨立型發電系統之輸出功率大於該負載 功率及蓄電池最大定電流之充電功率之總和時，其改採用脈衝充 201023472 ' t方法’並在未超過該負載功率及預設最大脈衝錢功率之總和 下’其能持續執行該最大功率追蹤功能；-旦該獨立型發電系統 之輸出功率超過該域功率及賊最大脈衝充電功率之總和時， 中止執行該最大功率追蹤魏，當該蓄電池電壓超過—預定之定 電壓充電電壓時’採収電壓充電，如此本發明能達成有效提升 獨立型發電系統之輸出功率之目的。 【發明内容】 本發明之主要目的係提供一種具最大功率追蹤功能之獨立型 ® 發電系統之蓄電池充電裝置，該蓄電池充電裝置包含-直流/直流 轉換器及一控制電路；該控制電路控制該直流/直流轉換器，以便 該直流/直流轉換器具有四個工作模式，該四個工作模式包含最大 功率追蹤功能、脈衝充電功能、定電壓充電功能或其組合，以達 成簡化硬體電路及充電模式之目的。 本發明之另一目的係提供一種具最大功率追蹤功能之獨立型 發電系統之蓄電池充電方法，當該獨立型發電系統之輸出功率較 小時，啟動最大功率追蹤功能，其充電電流為一連續電流；當該 ^ 獨立型發電系統之輸出功率較大時，其採用脈衝充電方法，並在 未超過負載功率及預定蓄電池最大脈衝充電功率之總和下，其能 持續執行該最大功率追蹤功能；一旦該獨立型發電系統之輸出功 率大於負載功率及預定最大脈衝充電功率之總和時，中止執行該 最大功率追蹤功能；及一旦當該蓄電池電壓超過一預定之定電壓 充電電壓時，採用定電壓充電。 本發明之另一目的係提供一種具最大功率追蹤功能之獨立型 發電系統之蓄電池充電方法’其提供四個工作模式，當獨立型發 9 201023472 電系統之輸出功率較小時，啟動最大功率追蹤功能，其蓄電池之 '充電電流為一連續電流，若該發電系統之輸出功率小於負載功率 時’由該發電系統及蓄電池共同供應電力至該負載，當該電池電 壓低於一預定最小放電電壓值時，切離該負載；當該獨立型發電 系統之輸出功率大於該負載功率及蓄電池最大定電流之充電功率 之總和時’其改採用脈衝充電方法，並在未超過該負載功率及預 定蓄電池最大脈衝充電功率之總和下，其能持續執行該最大功率 追蹤功能；一旦該獨立塑發電系統之輸出功率超過該負載功率及 Φ 預定蓄電池最大脈衝充電功率之總和時，中止執行該最大功率追 蹤功能’當該蓄電池電壓超過預定定電壓充電電壓時，採用定電 壓充電’以防止該蓄電池過度充電，以達成有效提升獨立型發電 系統輸出功率之利用率之目的。 為了達成上述目的，本發明具最大功率追蹤功能之獨立型發 電系統之蓄電池充電裝置包含一直流/直流轉換器及一控制電路， 其蓄電池充電方法包含： 當發電系統之輸出功率較小時，該控制電路控制該直流/直流 ® 轉換器啟動最大功率追蹤功能，其蓄電池之充電電流為一連續電 流，若該發電系統之輸出功率小於負載功率時，由該發電系統及 蓄電池共同供應電力至該負載，當該蓄電池電壓低於一預定最小 放電電壓值時，切離該負載； 當該發電系統之輸出功率大於該負載功率及蓄電池最大定電 流之充電功率之總和時，該控制電路控制該直流/直流轉換器採用 脈衝充電方法’並在未超财貞載功率及預定蓄電池最大脈衝充 電功率之總和下’其能持續執㈣最大功率追縱功能； 201023472 一旦該發電系統之輸出功率大於該負載功率及預定蓄電池最 大脈衝充電功率之總和時’該控制電路控制該直流/直流轉換器中 止執行該最大功率追蹤功能，該控制電路亦控制該直流/直流轉換 器維持在該預定蓄電池最大脈衝充電功率下進行充電；及 當該蓄電池電壓超過一預定定電壓充電電壓時，該控制電路 控制該直流/直流轉換器採用定電壓充電，以防止該蓄電池過度充 電。 本發明之充電方法利用該控制電路及直流/直流轉換器依該 發電系統之輸出功率及蓄電池狀態選擇最大功率追蹤功能、脈衝 充電功能、定電壓充電功能或其組合，以達成有效提升獨立型發 電系統輸出功率之利用率之目的。 【實施方式】 為了充分瞭解本發明，於下文將例舉較佳實施例並配合所附 圖式作詳細說明，且其並非用以限定本發明。 本發明較佳實施例之具最大功率追縱功能之獨立型發電系統 之蓄電池充電裝置可應用於風力發電、太陽能發電或其他再生能 源發電，其並非用以限定本發明。 第2圖揭示本發明較佳實施例之具最大功率追蹤功能之獨立 型發電系統及蓄電池充電裝置之方塊圖。請參照第2圖所示，本 發明較佳實施例具之最大功率追蹤功能之獨立型發電系統之電池 充電裝置包含一獨立型發電系統1、一直流/直流轉換器2、一控制 電路3、一蓄電池4及一開關6。該獨立型發電系統！用以提供一 直流電源’該獨立型發電系統1選擇為太陽能蓄電池或經整流之 風力發電系統。該直流/直流轉換器2之輸入連接至該獨立型發電 201023472 « 系統1之輸出，該直流/直流轉換器2之輸出則並聯連接至該蓄電 池4，該蓄電池4經該開關6並聯連接至一負載5 ,以供應電能至 該負載5。該控制電路3連接至該直流/直流轉換器2，其用以控制 該直流/直流轉換器2，使其具有最大功率追蹤功能、脈衝充電功 能及定電壓充電功能等。該控制電路3依該獨立型發電系統丨之 輸出功率及該蓄電池4之狀態選擇執行最大功率追蹤功能、脈衝 充電功能、定電壓充電功能或其組合，以達成有效提升獨立型發 電系統輸出功率之利用率之目的。該蓄電池4可用以儲存或釋放 ® 電能。當該獨立型發電系統1之輸出功率較小時，該控制電路3 控制該直流/直流轉換器2執行該最大功率追蹤功能，以期利用該 獨立型發電系統1之最大輸出功率；此時，該蓄電池4之充電功 率為該獨立型發電系統1之最大輸出功率與該負載5之功率之差 ，其充電電流為一連續電流；此時，採用連續電流對該蓄電池4 充電可較脈衝充電充入更大之能量，而若該獨立型發電系統丨之 輸出功率小於該負載5之功率時，則由該蓄電池4與該獨立型發 電系統1共同供應電力至該負載5,當該蓄電池4之電壓低於一預 ® 定最小放電電壓值時，則打開該開關6切離該負載5。當該獨立型 發電系統1之輸出功率大於該蓄電池4之最大定電流之充電功率 及該負載5之功率之總和時，該控制電路3控制該直流/直流轉換 器2執行脈衝充電方法，並在未超過該負載5之功率及蓄電池4 之預疋最大脈衝充電功率總合下’執行最大功率追縱功能，以期 充分利用該獨立型發電系統丨之最大輸出功率。一旦該獨立型發 電系統1之輸出功率大於該負載5之功率及蓄電池4之預定最大 脈衝充電功率之總和時’該控制電路3控制該直流/直流轉換器2 12 201023472 巾止執⑽最大功率魏功能，該控㈣路3雜_直流/直流 ^換=2將該獨立型發電系統i之輸出功率限制在該負載$之功 率及蓄電池4之預定最大脈衝充電功率之總和，此時該控制電路3 控制該仍持續控制該直流/直流轉換器2仍持續執行脈衝充電功能 X脈衝方式對该蓄電池4充電。當該蓄電池4之電壓大於一預 定之定電壓充電電壓值時，該控制電路3終止脈衝充電功能，此時 該控制電路3控制該直流/直流轉換器2執行定電壓充電功能，以 疋電壓對該蓄電池4進行充電。 ❿ 帛2A至2C ®揭示本發明較佳實施例之具最大功率追蹤功能 之獨立型發電系統之蓄電池充電裝置中採用直流/直流轉換器之電 路圖。請參照第2A至2C圖所示，本發明可採用非隔離式直流/ 直流轉換器充電架構，其選自第2A圖之降壓式轉換器〔M _咖〕、帛2B圖之升壓式轉換器〔boost converter〕或第2C 圖之升-降壓式轉換器〔buck_b〇〇stc〇nverter〕等其並非用以限定 本發明之範圍。該降壓式轉換器、升壓式轉換器及升_降壓式轉換 器之架構係屬制直流/直流轉換器充電架構，於此不予贅述。該 控制電路3即用以控制該直流/直流轉換器2〔降壓式轉換器、^ 壓式轉換器或升_降壓式轉換器〕之電力電子開關元件，以執行最 大功率追蹤、脈衝充電、定電壓充電等功能或其組合。 第3圖揭示本發明較佳實施例之具最大功率追縱功能之獨立 型發電系統之蓄電池充電方法輸出功率曲線圖。#賴立型發電 系統1為太陽能發電系統時，其輸出功率特性曲線ρι打、朽及 P4分別代表在不同日照度下該太陽能發電系統輸出功率與其輸出 端電壓之關係，其中曲線P4之日照度最強，而曲線ρι之日照度 13 201023472 最弱。另外’當該獨立型發電系統1為風力發電系統時，其輸出 功率特性曲線PI、P2、P3及P4分別代表在不同風力下該風力發 電系統輸出功率與其發電機之轉速關係，其中曲線p4之風速最強 ，而曲線P1之風速最弱。請參照第3圖所示，其標示一第一限制 功率Pa、一第二限制功率Pa+Pb及一第三限制功率pa+pc ;其中 Pa為負載功率、Pb為蓄電池最大定電流之充電功率，&為預定蓄 電池最大脈衝充電功率，且第三限制功率Pa+Pc大於第二限制功 率Pa+Pb。在曲線P4之最大功率區域〔如第3圖之網格區域所示 〕大於該第三_功率Pa+Pe，因而其僅在太陽光照度或風力很強 導致產生之功率曲線P4時，無法執行最大功率追縱功能。將第3 圖相較於第1圖時’本發明無法完全有效利用該獨立型發電系統1 之輸出功率部分遠小於制獨立型發電系統之充電裝置[如第】 圖所示〕；S1此，本發明之具最大功率追㈣能之獨立型發電系 統之蓄電池充電裝置相對於習關立型發電系統之充電裝置更能 有效利賴獨立贿電系統丨之輸出能量，以加速蓄電池充電速 率及縮短蓄電池充電時間。 凊再參照第2及3 ®所示，本發賴佳實施例之具最大功率 追蹤功能之獨立型發電系統之#電池充電裝置提供四個工作模式 ’以執行最大神追蹤、脈衝充電、定電㈣電或其組合。當該 獨立型發電系統1之輸出功率等於或大於該第—限制功率Pa、2 小於第二限制功率Pa+Pb時，執行—第—卫作模式，該控制電路: =該直流/錢轉換H 2執行最大功率追蹤功能以期利用 立型發電系統1之最大輸出功率；鱗，該_ 6為閉合，輸出 一功率至該負載5，該蓄電池4之充電功率為該獨立型發電系統】 201023472 之最大輸出功率與該負載5功率之差’其充電電流為一連續電流 ' ，此時採用連續電流對該蓄電池4充電可較脈衝充電充入更大之 能量；而當該獨立型發電系統1之輸出功率小於該第一限制功率 Pa時，該控制電路3控制該直流/直流轉換器2執行該最大功率追 蹤功能，此時該獨立型發電系統1與該蓄電池4共同供應電力至 該負載5。一旦該蓄電池4之電壓低於一預定最小放電電壓值時， 藉由控制該開關6形成開路，而切離該負載5，以避免該蓄電池4 過度放電；在切離該負載5後，仍利用該獨立型發電系統丨之輸 參 出功率充電該蓄電池4’該蓄電池4之較佳預定最小電壓值由蓄電 池薇建議之最低放電電壓值獲得。201023472 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field of the invention] The present invention relates to a battery charging device and method thereof for a stand-alone power generation system with a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) function In particular, a battery charging device and a method thereof for a stand-alone power generation system requiring maximum power tracking function, such as wind power, solar power generation, or other renewable energy power generation, the battery charging device including a DC/DC converter and a control circuit More particularly, the control circuit controls the DC/DC converter in four operating modes (〇perati〇n mode), and selects one of the four operating modes according to wind or solar power output power and battery state conditions, Increase the utilization of output energy from wind, solar or other renewable energy power generation systems. [Prior Art] A conventional small independent wind power or solar power generation system refers to a direct output of the power generated by the power generation system to a load, and then the excess power is stored in the battery. When the output power of the power generation system is insufficient, power is supplied from the battery. This type of power generation system usually uses a small equipment capacity, so it is relatively suitable for remote areas where power transmission and distribution systems cannot supply power, and most of the areas using this type of power generation system are in an environment lacking power supply, so it is necessary to Improve the energy efficiency of this type of power generation system. Since the output power of a stand-alone wind or solar power system is unstable and some time may be lower than that required by the load, a typical stand-alone wind or solar power system is equipped with a battery and its charging device. In order to effectively use the function of the battery to store energy in the power generation system, it is necessary to make full use of the energy generated by the power generation system for rapid charging to the battery as a power source for the load. However, if the battery enters 201023472 improperly and quickly charges, it will easily cause damage to the battery, which will shorten the battery life. The conventional battery charging method mainly includes: constant current charging method [_cmrent charging method], constant voltage charging method [(7) (10) grab v〇ltage charging method], mixed constant current / voltage charging method [(3) (10) secret cmTent / constant voltage charging method] And the current charging method, etc. In fact, the foregoing charging methods still have their own technical advantages and disadvantages. For example: The small current constant current charging method has the disadvantage of excessive charging time; the large current constant current charging method has the disadvantage of damaging the battery due to overcharging. The constant voltage charging method has a drawback that when the battery terminal voltage is too low due to excessive discharge, the battery is damaged due to an excessive charging current when charging is started. The mixed constant current/voltage charging method still fails to improve the shortcomings of damaging the battery due to high current charging. As for the pulse current charging method, the damage to the battery is small. In general, the battery charging method of a stand-alone power generation system (for example, a wind power or a solar power generation system) that uses the maximum power tracking function of the appliance is mostly a two-stage charging with constant current and constant voltage, that is, a mixed constant current/voltage charging method. When the output energy of the power generation system is less than the energy required by the load [Pa, load power] and the energy required to charge the battery [Pb, the charging power of the battery's maximum constant current], the power generation system enters the maximum power tracking mode; When the output power of the system is greater than the sum of the energy required by the load and the energy required for charging the battery (Pa+Pb), in order to prevent the excessive charging current from damaging the battery, the output power of the power generation system is limited to less than the energy required by the load and the maximum The sum of the set values of the charging current, that is, the maximum power tracking mechanism of the power generation system must be stopped; at this time, the power generation system cannot output the maximum power, and the excess energy that can be generated cannot be fully utilized and outputted. 201023472 Figure 1 shows the output power curve of a stand-alone power generation system with the maximum power tracking function of the appliance. When the independent power generation system is a solar power generation system, the output power characteristic curves PI, P2, P3, and P4 represent the relationship between the output power of the solar power generation system and the voltage of the output terminal thereof under different illumination degrees, wherein the illuminance of the curve p4 The strongest, and the illuminance of curve P1 is the weakest. In addition, when the independent power generation system is a wind power generation system, the output power characteristic curves pi, p2, p3, and p4 respectively represent the relationship between the output power of the wind power generation system and the speed of the generator under different wind powers, wherein the wind speed of the curve P4 The strongest, the wind speed of curve p3 is strong, the wind of curve p2 is weak, and the wind speed of curve P1 is the weakest. Please refer to Figure 1, where the maximum power area of curves P3 and P4 is greater than the sum of the energy required by the load and the energy required for battery charging [Pa+Pb], which will limit the output power of the independent power generation system to the load. The sum of the energy required to charge the animal battery and the charging of the animal battery [pa+pb], so that it can not fully effectively produce the output power of the pure vertical power generation (as shown in the grid area of the figure). In addition, the Xiyang Yangneng pulse type charging device, such as the Republic of China Patent No. 2 T-shirt, discloses a charging method and a charging method of the charging device described above, such as the US Patent Publication No. 2006/ No. 0174939 'which discloses a charging method for charging a solar power generation system, which outputs a stable voltage to a solar-charged device, and then outputs it to the f battery and the load. If the output power is less than the sum of the battery charging and the load power consumption, the charging device can perform the maximum power spike _; conversely, if the wheel discharge is the sum of the battery charging and the load consuming power, the charging stop stops executing the maximum. The power tracking mechanism 'sets its output power to the sum of battery charging and load power consumption to maintain a fixed voltage. The charging method is a constant voltage method. 201023472 Obviously, although the 2006/0174939 can output a stable voltage to avoid the violent fluctuation of the output voltage to damage the load' and further simplify the system structure, when the battery is in a low energy storage state, the voltage is low; If the charging device starts to start in the constant voltage charging mode, the voltage difference between the battery and the charging device is too large, thereby generating an excessive charging current, which may damage the charging in addition to shortening the service life of the battery. Device. In short, the charging method of No. 2006/0174939 still needs to further improve its shortcomings in order to avoid damage to the 3H charging device and the battery, and to change the charging method of the charging device with the maximum power tracking function. When other charging methods are integrated, it is still necessary to appropriately improve the shortcomings. The Republic of China Patent Publication No. 200825278 discloses a battery charging method for a wind power generation system having a maximum power tracking function, but the method requires a DC/DC converter and a pulse control [generation] circuit, and the battery of the wind power generation system The charging method consists of five working modes. Therefore, both the hardware control circuit and the control method have more complicated disadvantages. In view of the above, in order to improve the above disadvantages, the present invention can provide a battery charging device for a stand-alone power generation system with maximum power tracking function, the device comprising a DC/DC converter and a control circuit, the control circuit controlling the The DC/DC converter forms four working modes. When the output power of the independent power generation system is small, the maximum power tracking is started, and the charging current is “continuous current. If the output power of the power generation system is less than the load power, The power generation system and the battery jointly supply power to the load, and when the battery electric ship is at a predetermined minimum discharge voltage value, the load is cut off, and when the output power of the independent power generation system is greater than the load power and the maximum rated current of the battery When the sum of charging power is used, it adopts the pulse charging 201023472 't method' and can continue to perform the maximum power tracking function without exceeding the sum of the load power and the preset maximum pulse power; The output power of the system exceeds the sum of the domain power and the maximum pulse charging power of the thief. Suspend the execution of the maximum power point tracking Wei, when the battery voltage exceeds - a predetermined charging voltage of the constant voltage 'charging voltage recovery, thus reached the present invention can effectively improve the output power of the object independent of the power generation system. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The main object of the present invention is to provide a battery charging device for a stand-alone power generation system with maximum power tracking function, the battery charging device comprising a DC/DC converter and a control circuit; the control circuit controls the DC /DC converter, so that the DC / DC converter has four operating modes, including maximum power tracking function, pulse charging function, constant voltage charging function or a combination thereof to achieve simplified hardware circuit and charging mode The purpose. Another object of the present invention is to provide a battery charging method for a stand-alone power generation system with maximum power tracking function. When the output power of the independent power generation system is small, the maximum power tracking function is started, and the charging current is a continuous current. When the output power of the independent power generation system is large, the pulse charging method is adopted, and the maximum power tracking function can be continuously performed under the sum of the load power and the maximum pulse charging power of the predetermined battery; When the output power of the independent power generation system is greater than the sum of the load power and the predetermined maximum pulse charging power, the maximum power tracking function is suspended; and once the battery voltage exceeds a predetermined constant voltage charging voltage, constant voltage charging is employed. Another object of the present invention is to provide a battery charging method for a stand-alone power generation system with maximum power tracking function, which provides four operating modes, and when the output power of the independent type 9 201023472 electric system is small, the maximum power tracking is started. Function, the 'charging current of the battery is a continuous current, if the output power of the power generation system is less than the load power', the power supply system and the battery jointly supply power to the load, when the battery voltage is lower than a predetermined minimum discharge voltage value When the output power of the independent power generation system is greater than the sum of the load power and the maximum rated current of the battery, the pulse charging method is adopted, and the load power and the predetermined maximum battery are not exceeded. Under the sum of the pulse charging power, the maximum power tracking function can be continuously performed; if the output power of the independent plastic power generation system exceeds the sum of the load power and the maximum pulse charging power of the predetermined battery, the maximum power tracking function is suspended. When the battery voltage exceeds a predetermined constant voltage When the voltage, the charging voltage using fixed 'to prevent overcharging of the battery, in order to achieve the purpose of independent power generation system effectively improve the utilization of the output power. In order to achieve the above object, the battery charging device of the independent power generation system with maximum power tracking function of the present invention comprises a DC/DC converter and a control circuit, and the battery charging method comprises: when the output power of the power generation system is small, The control circuit controls the DC/DC converter to start the maximum power tracking function, and the charging current of the battery is a continuous current. If the output power of the power generation system is less than the load power, the power generation system and the battery jointly supply power to the load. When the battery voltage is lower than a predetermined minimum discharge voltage value, the load is cut off; when the output power of the power generation system is greater than the sum of the load power and the maximum fixed current of the battery, the control circuit controls the DC/ The DC converter adopts the pulse charging method' and can continue to perform (4) maximum power tracking function under the sum of the excess power and the maximum pulse charging power of the predetermined battery; 201023472 Once the output power of the power generation system is greater than the load power And scheduled battery maximum pulse charging The sum of the rates 'the control circuit controls the DC/DC converter to suspend the execution of the maximum power tracking function, the control circuit also controls the DC/DC converter to maintain charging at the predetermined maximum battery charging power; and when When the battery voltage exceeds a predetermined constant voltage charging voltage, the control circuit controls the DC/DC converter to charge with a constant voltage to prevent the battery from being overcharged. The charging method of the present invention uses the control circuit and the DC/DC converter to select a maximum power tracking function, a pulse charging function, a constant voltage charging function or a combination thereof according to the output power and the battery state of the power generation system, so as to achieve an effective improvement of independent power generation. The purpose of the utilization of the system output power. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and is not intended to limit the invention. The battery charging device of the independent power generation system having the maximum power tracking function of the preferred embodiment of the present invention can be applied to wind power generation, solar power generation or other regenerative energy generation, which is not intended to limit the present invention. Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing a stand-alone power generation system and a battery charging device having a maximum power tracking function according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 2, a battery charging device for a stand-alone power generation system having a maximum power tracking function according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a stand-alone power generation system 1, a DC/DC converter 2, and a control circuit 3. A battery 4 and a switch 6. This independent power generation system! It is used to provide a DC power source. The independent power generation system 1 is selected as a solar battery or a rectified wind power generation system. The input of the DC/DC converter 2 is connected to the independent power generation 201023472 «the output of the system 1 , the output of the DC/DC converter 2 is connected in parallel to the battery 4 , and the battery 4 is connected in parallel to the battery 6 via the switch 6 Load 5 to supply electrical energy to the load 5. The control circuit 3 is connected to the DC/DC converter 2 for controlling the DC/DC converter 2 to have a maximum power tracking function, a pulse charging function, and a constant voltage charging function. The control circuit 3 selects to perform a maximum power tracking function, a pulse charging function, a constant voltage charging function or a combination thereof according to the output power of the independent power generation system and the state of the battery 4, so as to achieve an effective improvement of the output power of the independent power generation system. The purpose of utilization. This battery 4 can be used to store or release ® electrical energy. When the output power of the independent power generation system 1 is small, the control circuit 3 controls the DC/DC converter 2 to perform the maximum power tracking function, so as to utilize the maximum output power of the independent power generation system 1; The charging power of the battery 4 is the difference between the maximum output power of the independent power generation system 1 and the power of the load 5, and the charging current is a continuous current; at this time, charging the battery 4 with a continuous current can be charged with a pulse charge. a greater energy, and if the output power of the independent power generation system is less than the power of the load 5, the battery 4 and the independent power generation system 1 jointly supply power to the load 5, when the voltage of the battery 4 When the value of the minimum discharge voltage is lower than a predetermined value, the switch 6 is turned on to cut off the load 5. When the output power of the independent power generation system 1 is greater than the sum of the maximum fixed current charging power of the battery 4 and the power of the load 5, the control circuit 3 controls the DC/DC converter 2 to perform a pulse charging method, and The power of the load 5 is not exceeded and the maximum pulse charging power of the battery 4 is combined to perform the maximum power tracking function in order to fully utilize the maximum output power of the independent power generation system. Once the output power of the stand-alone power generation system 1 is greater than the sum of the power of the load 5 and the predetermined maximum pulse charge power of the battery 4, the control circuit 3 controls the DC/DC converter 2 12 201023472 towel stop (10) maximum power Wei Function, the control (four) way 3 _ dc / dc ^ change = 2 the output power of the independent power generation system i is limited to the sum of the power of the load $ and the predetermined maximum pulse charging power of the battery 4, at this time the control circuit 3 Controlling the DC/DC converter 2 to continue to perform the pulse charging function X pulse mode to charge the battery 4. When the voltage of the battery 4 is greater than a predetermined constant voltage charging voltage value, the control circuit 3 terminates the pulse charging function, at which time the control circuit 3 controls the DC/DC converter 2 to perform a constant voltage charging function to 疋 voltage pair The battery 4 is charged. ❿ 2A to 2C ® disclose a circuit diagram of a DC/DC converter in a battery charging device of a stand-alone power generation system having a maximum power tracking function according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Referring to Figures 2A to 2C, the present invention can employ a non-isolated DC/DC converter charging architecture selected from the step-down converter of Figure 2A (M_咖), and the boost type of Figure 2B. The boost converter or the boost-buck converter of the 2C diagram (buck_b〇〇stc〇nverter) or the like is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The architecture of the buck converter, boost converter, and boost-buck converter is a DC/DC converter charging architecture and will not be described here. The control circuit 3 is used to control the power electronic switching components of the DC/DC converter 2 (buck converter, voltage converter or boost-buck converter) to perform maximum power tracking and pulse charging. , constant voltage charging and other functions or a combination thereof. Fig. 3 is a graph showing the output power of a battery charging method of a stand-alone power generation system having a maximum power tracking function according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. #赖立型发电系统1 is a solar power generation system, its output power characteristic curve ρι, decay and P4 represent the relationship between the output power of the solar power system and its output voltage under different illuminances respectively, wherein the illuminance of the curve P4 The strongest, and the illuminance of the curve ρι 13 201023472 is the weakest. In addition, when the independent power generation system 1 is a wind power generation system, the output power characteristic curves PI, P2, P3 and P4 respectively represent the relationship between the output power of the wind power generation system and the speed of the generator under different wind powers, wherein the curve p4 The wind speed is the strongest, while the curve P1 has the weakest wind speed. Referring to FIG. 3, it indicates a first limiting power Pa, a second limiting power Pa+Pb, and a third limiting power pa+pc; where Pa is the load power and Pb is the maximum constant current charging power of the battery. , & is the maximum pulse charging power of the predetermined battery, and the third limiting power Pa+Pc is greater than the second limiting power Pa+Pb. The maximum power region of the curve P4 (shown as the grid region of FIG. 3) is larger than the third _ power Pa+Pe, so that it cannot perform the maximum only when the solar illuminance or the wind force is strong resulting in the power curve P4. Power tracking function. Comparing Fig. 3 with Fig. 1 'the invention cannot fully utilize the output power of the independent power generation system 1 much less than the charging device of the independent power generation system [as shown in the figure]; S1, The battery charging device of the independent power generation system with maximum power chasing (four) energy can effectively utilize the output energy of the independent bribe system to accelerate the charging rate of the battery and shorten the charging of the battery, compared with the charging device of the Xiguan vertical power generation system. time.凊Refer to the 2nd and 3®, the #电池 charging device of the independent power generation system with the maximum power tracking function of the present embodiment provides four working modes to perform maximum God tracking, pulse charging, and power saving. (4) Electricity or a combination thereof. When the output power of the independent power generation system 1 is equal to or greater than the first limit power Pa, 2 is less than the second limit power Pa+Pb, the -first mode is executed, the control circuit: = the DC/money conversion H 2 Perform the maximum power tracking function to utilize the maximum output power of the vertical power generation system 1; scale, the _ 6 is closed, and output a power to the load 5, and the charging power of the battery 4 is the maximum of the independent power generation system] 201023472 The difference between the output power and the power of the load 5 'the charging current is a continuous current', at this time, charging the battery 4 with continuous current can charge more energy than the pulse charging; and when the output of the independent power generation system 1 is When the power is less than the first limited power Pa, the control circuit 3 controls the DC/DC converter 2 to perform the maximum power tracking function, and the independent power generation system 1 and the battery 4 jointly supply power to the load 5. Once the voltage of the battery 4 is lower than a predetermined minimum discharge voltage value, the switch 5 is opened to control the switch 6 to cut off the load 5 to prevent the battery 4 from being over-discharged; after the load 5 is cut off, the battery is still used. The independent power generation system is configured to charge the battery 4'. The preferred predetermined minimum voltage value of the battery 4 is obtained from the lowest discharge voltage value recommended by the battery.
請再參照第2及3圖所示，當該獨立型發電系統丨之輸出功 率大於該第二限制功率pa+Pb、但小於第三限制功率pa+pc時，執 行一第一工作模式，此時該蓄電池4不宜再採用連續電流充電， 否則該蓄電池4可能過熱而影響壽命，在第二工作模式下該控制 電路3控彻直流/直流轉換H 2執行脈衝充電方法，並持續執行 最大功率追蹤魏，以期湘觸立型發電祕丨之最大輸出功 率；此時’該開關6為閉合’以輸出—功率至該負載5。 請再參照第2及3圖所示，當_立型發電系統丨之輸出功 率大於該第三關功率Pa+Pe _，執行—第三卫作模式此時不 宜再執行最大功率賴魏，，會驗該f電池4之壽命。在 第三工作模式下，該控制電路3中止執行最大功率魏功能，該 ^制電路3控制該直流/直流轉換器2將該獨立型發電系統i之輸 Π限制在該負載5之功率及蓄電池4之預定最大脈衝充電功 ㈣電路3 _續執行脈衝充電功能，以脈衝 15 201023472 此時，該開關6為閉合，以輸出一 方式對該蓄電池4進行充電； 功率至該負載5。 ❹Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3 again, when the output power of the independent power generation system is greater than the second limited power pa+Pb but less than the third limited power pa+pc, a first operating mode is performed. When the battery 4 is not suitable for continuous current charging, the battery 4 may overheat and affect the life. In the second working mode, the control circuit 3 controls the DC/DC conversion H 2 to perform the pulse charging method, and continuously performs the maximum power tracking. Wei, the maximum output power of the Xiangli-type power generation secret; at this time 'the switch 6 is closed' to output - power to the load 5. Please refer to Figures 2 and 3 again. When the output power of the _ vertical power generation system is greater than the third power, Pa+Pe _, the execution-third Guard mode is not suitable for the maximum power. Will test the life of the f battery 4. In the third mode of operation, the control circuit 3 suspends execution of the maximum power Wei function, and the control circuit 3 controls the DC/DC converter 2 to limit the output of the independent power generation system i to the power of the load 5 and the battery. 4 predetermined maximum pulse charging work (4) circuit 3 _ continued to perform pulse charging function, pulse 15 201023472 At this time, the switch 6 is closed, and the battery 4 is charged in an output manner; power is applied to the load 5. ❹
4再U2圖所tf ’當該蓄電池4之電壓大於—預定定電 壓充電電壓值〔A1〕時作模式，此時不宜再利用 脈衝充電或連翁流充電方•該t電池4充電，㈣造成該蓄 電池4過充電_賴蓄電池4之壽命。在第肛賴式下，該 控制電路3終止脈衝充電功能，此時該控制電路3控制該直流/直 流轉換器2執行定電壓充電雖，㈣電壓雜蓄電池4進行充 電。該較佳預定定電縣電魏值〔A1〕由f電池廠之建議值獲 得。此時’該開關6為閉合，以輪出—功率至該負載5。 第4圖揭示本發明較佳實施例之具最大功率追縱功能之獨立 型發電系統之蓄電池充電方法之流程圖。 請再參照第2至4圖所示，首先，本㈣較佳實施例之具最 大功率追蹤功能之獨立型發電系統之f電池充電方法判斷該蓄電 池4之電壓是否小於一預定定電壓充電電壓值〔Ai〕。若該蓄電 池4之電壓不小於該預定定電壓充電電壓值〔A1〕時直接執行 第四工作模式，該控制電路3控制該直流/直流轉換器2執行定電 壓充電功能，以定電壓對該蓄電池4進行充電；若該蓄電池4之 電壓小於該預定定電壓充電電壓值〔八丨〕時，選擇執行第一工作 模式、第二工作模式或第三工作模式。 當該蓄電池4之電壓小於該預定定電壓充電電壓值〔A1〕時 ，判斷該獨立型發電系統1之輸出功率是否小於第二限制功率 Pa+Pb;若該獨立型發電系統！之輸出功率小於第二限制功率 Pa+Pb時，執行第一工作模式，由該控制電路3控制該直流/直流 201023472 、執行最大功率追蹤功能，以期利用該獨立型發電系統1 =輪出功率；此時，該開關6為閉合，輸出-功率至該負載5 與=4之充電功率為該獨立型發電系統^之最大輸出功率 12 之差，其充電電流為—連續電流，糾獨立型 ^之輸㈣率小於限制轉Pa時，該蓄電池4進 =二該ΞΓ4與該獨立型發電系統1共同提供該負載5所 ==因此，在執行該第一工作模式時，判斷該蓄電… ❹ 該預定最小電壓值;若該蓄電池4之__預 疋 值時，藉由控制該開關6形成開路，而切離該負載5 t:以避免該蓄電池4過度放電，並利用該獨立型發電率統^ 出功率充電該蓄電池4。 ^1钱1之輸 接著’若_立電錢i之輸㈣率大於或等於第二限 再判斷該獨立型發電系統1之輸出功率是否小 於第二限制功率Pa+Pc。 ^ ° 時，執行第7電系統1之輸出功率小於第三關功率Pa+Pc 旰，執仃第二工作模4A梦_ •直流/直流轉㈣2 模式下該控制電路3控制該 功能，以期利用該獨立型發電系統丨7持續執行最大功率追縱 開關6為閉合，輸出 、，之最大輸出功率；此時，該 ，另負載5。除了執行脈衝充電功能外 率追縱^ 另控觀錢/纽轉鋪2仍執行最大功 制功率1之輸出功率大於或等於第三限 制電路3中止執行最大 作模式’在第二工作模式下，該控 仃最大功率追縱功能，該控制電路3控制該直流/ 17 201023472 直流轉換11 2將該獨立型發電祕1之知辨關在該負載5 功率及蓄電池4之預定最大脈衝充電功率之總和此時該控制電 路3仍持續執行脈衝充電魏以脈衝方式軸蓄電池4進行充電 ，此時，該開關6為閉合，輸出一功率至該負載$。 接著，在執行第-工作模式、第二卫作模式、第三工作模式 =第四工賴式後’再返回麟該我池4之籠Η小於一預 定定電壓充電電壓值〔A1〕之方塊，以重新執行卫賴式之判斷 〇 Φ ❹ 第5圖揭示本發明較佳實施例之具最大功率追縱功能之獨立 型發電系統之蓄電池充電裝置中控制電路制之最大功率追縱流 程機制’其细責任週賴動方絲追蹤鶴立型發電系統^之 最大功率，責㈣期為該直流/直轉換器2之電力電子開關導通 時間與切換聊之比’然其並非㈣蚊本發明之襲。請參照 第5圖所示，最大功率追縱流程機制錢讀取該獨立型發電系統】 輸出電壓〔vs()uree〕及電流〔Is()uree〕，並計算其功率〔匕阶⑻ 〕再紅由前-人功率〔Un」）〕和本次計算功率 〕的比較方式判斷其責任週期擾動方向，當本次計算功率〔4 Then U2 diagram tf 'When the voltage of the battery 4 is greater than - the predetermined constant voltage charging voltage value [A1] mode, it is not appropriate to use pulse charging or continuous charging. • The t battery 4 is charged, (4) The battery 4 is overcharged_the life of the battery 4. In the first embodiment, the control circuit 3 terminates the pulse charging function. At this time, the control circuit 3 controls the DC/DC converter 2 to perform constant voltage charging, and (4) the voltage battery 4 is charged. The preferred predetermined power-counting county electrical value [A1] is obtained from the recommended value of the f battery factory. At this point the switch 6 is closed to take out the power to the load 5. Fig. 4 is a flow chart showing a method of charging a battery of a stand-alone power generation system having a maximum power tracking function according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 2 to FIG. 4 again, firstly, the battery charging method of the independent power generation system with the maximum power tracking function according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention determines whether the voltage of the battery 4 is less than a predetermined constant voltage charging voltage value. [Ai]. If the voltage of the battery 4 is not less than the predetermined constant voltage charging voltage value [A1], the fourth operating mode is directly executed, and the control circuit 3 controls the DC/DC converter 2 to perform a constant voltage charging function to set the voltage to the battery. 4 charging; if the voltage of the battery 4 is less than the predetermined constant voltage charging voltage value [eight 丨], the first working mode, the second working mode or the third working mode is selected to be executed. When the voltage of the battery 4 is less than the predetermined constant voltage charging voltage value [A1], it is determined whether the output power of the independent power generating system 1 is less than the second limiting power Pa+Pb; if the independent power generating system! When the output power is less than the second limited power Pa+Pb, the first working mode is executed, and the DC/DC 201023472 is controlled by the control circuit 3 to perform a maximum power tracking function, so as to utilize the independent power generation system 1 = wheeling power; At this time, the switch 6 is closed, and the charging power of the output-power to the load 5 and = 4 is the difference between the maximum output power 12 of the independent power generation system, and the charging current is - continuous current, and the independent type is controlled. When the transmission (four) rate is less than the limit transfer Pa, the battery 4 enters=2, the ΞΓ4 and the independent power generation system 1 jointly provide the load 5== Therefore, when the first operation mode is executed, the storage is determined... ❹ the reservation The minimum voltage value; if the battery 4 is __pre-valued, by controlling the switch 6 to form an open circuit, the load is cut off 5 t: to avoid over-discharging of the battery 4, and to utilize the independent power generation rate ^ The battery 4 is charged at the output power. ^1 The input of money 1 Next, if the rate of the output of the power supply (four) is greater than or equal to the second limit, it is judged whether the output power of the independent power generation system 1 is smaller than the second limited power Pa+Pc. When ^ °, the output power of the seventh electric system 1 is less than the third off power Pa+Pc 旰, and the second working mode 4A dream _ • DC/DC to (four) 2 mode, the control circuit 3 controls the function, in order to utilize The independent power generation system 丨7 continuously performs the maximum power tracking switch 6 as the closed, output, and maximum output power; at this time, the other load is 5. In addition to performing the pulse charging function, the rate is chased. ^The control is controlled by the money/New turn shop 2. The output power of the maximum power 1 is greater than or equal to the third limit circuit 3 and the maximum execution mode is executed. The control has a maximum power tracking function, and the control circuit 3 controls the DC/17 201023472 DC conversion 11 2 to distinguish the independent power generation secret 1 from the sum of the load 5 power and the predetermined maximum pulse charging power of the battery 4 At this time, the control circuit 3 continues to perform pulse charging, and the pulse battery 4 is charged in the pulse mode. At this time, the switch 6 is closed, and a power is output to the load $. Then, after performing the first working mode, the second working mode, the third working mode=the fourth working mode, and then returning to the square, the cage of the pool 4 is smaller than a predetermined constant voltage charging voltage value [A1]. In order to re-execute the judgment of the Wei Lai type, FIG. 5 discloses the maximum power tracking mechanism of the control circuit in the battery charging device of the independent power generation system with the maximum power tracking function according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention. The responsibilities of the weekly reliance on the square wire to track the maximum power of the crane-type power generation system ^, the responsibility of (four) period for the DC / direct converter 2 power electronic switch conduction time and switching chat than 'there is not (four) mosquitoes of the invention Attack. Please refer to Figure 5, the maximum power tracking process mechanism to read the independent power generation system] output voltage [vs ()uree] and current [Is ()uree], and calculate its power [匕 (8)] Red is calculated from the comparison of the former-human power [Un") and the current calculation power], and the current cycle is calculated.
Wn)〕大於前一次功率〔Ps。⑽也…時，表示責任週期擾動方 向正確，不須改變責任週期擾動方向，即D⑽）$⑴+ △ D。當本錢异功率〔Ps_e(n)〕小於前—次功率υη])〕時 ’表示責任·㈣方向不正確，以變責任職擾動方向因 此先執订△!) Χ⑷，再執行D (k+i) =d⑴+ ，如此一 直重複以上步驟便可順利達到最大功率點並㈣在最大功率點 附近來回擾動。 201023472 前述較佳實施例僅舉例說明本發明及其技術特徵，該實施例 之技術仍可適當進行各種實質等效修飾及/或替換方式予以實施； 因此，本發明之權利範圍須視後附申請專利範圍所界定之範圍為 準0Wn) is greater than the previous power [Ps. (10) Also... indicates that the duty cycle disturbance direction is correct and there is no need to change the duty cycle disturbance direction, ie D(10))$(1)+ △ D. When the cost of power (Ps_e(n)] is less than the previous-time power υ ]])], 'represents responsibility. (4) The direction is incorrect. In order to change the direction of responsibility, so △!) Χ(4), then D (k+) i) =d(1)+ , so repeat the above steps to reach the maximum power point and (4) to oscillate back and forth around the maximum power point. The above-mentioned preferred embodiments are merely illustrative of the invention and its technical features, and the techniques of the embodiments can be carried out with various substantial equivalent modifications and/or alternatives as appropriate; therefore, the scope of the invention is subject to the appended claims. The scope defined by the patent scope is 0
19 201023472 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖：習用具最大功率追蹤功能之獨立型發電系統之輸出 功率曲線圖。 第2圖：本發明較佳實施例之具最大功率追蹤功能之獨立型 發電系統及蓄電池充電裝置之方塊圖。 第2A至2C圖：本發明較佳實施例之具最大功率追蹤功能之 獨立型發電系統之蓄電池充電裝置中採用直流/直流轉換器之電路 圖。 第3圖：本發明較佳實施例之具最大功率追蹤功能之獨立型 發電系統之蓄電池充電方法輸出功率曲線圖。 第4圖：本發明較佳實施例之具最大功率追蹤功能之獨立型 發電系統之蓄電池充電方法之流程圖。 第5圖：本發明較佳實施狀具最大功率追蹤功能之獨立型 發電系統採用最大功率追蹤方法之流程圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 2 直流/直流轉換器 5負載 1獨立型發電系統 3 控制電路 4 蓄電池 6開關 2019 201023472 [Simple description of the diagram] Figure 1: Output power curve of the independent power generation system with the maximum power tracking function of the appliance. Figure 2 is a block diagram of a stand-alone power generation system and a battery charging device with maximum power tracking functionality in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. 2A to 2C are diagrams showing a circuit diagram of a DC/DC converter in a battery charging device of a stand-alone power generation system having a maximum power tracking function according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 is a graph showing the output power of a battery charging method for a stand-alone power generation system having a maximum power tracking function in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 is a flow chart showing a method of charging a battery of a stand-alone power generation system having a maximum power tracking function in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 5 is a flow chart showing the maximum power tracking method of the independent power generation system with the maximum power tracking function according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] 2 DC/DC converter 5 load 1 Stand-alone power generation system 3 Control circuit 4 Battery 6 switch 20