201029315 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種風力發電裝置及其輸出控制方法。 【先前技術】 近年來，在風力發電裝置等領域，由電力系統側之供 給電力安定化的觀點來看，當由風力發電裝置側對電力系 • 統側供給電力時，要求確保預定範圍的功率因數（power factor) 。 因此，例如，以將功率因數保持爲一定的方式來控制 有效電力及無效電力的功率因數恆定控制等已被施行（例 如參照日本特開200 1-268805號公報）。 (專利文獻1)日本特開2001-268805號公報 【發明內容】 ® 但是，近年來，爲了達成電力系統側之供給電力的更 加安定化，由電力系統側被要求由風力發電裝置經常對電 力系統供給一定以上之無效電力。此係基於無效電力會有 助於電力安定化之故。 但是，例如，即使在因風的狀況等而使有效電力極端 掉落的情形下，亦欲供給一定量以上的無效電力時，預料 功率因數會脫離由電力系統側所被要求的預定範圍。接著 ’在該情形下，會有例如陷於不得不停止風車運轉之狀況 的虞慮。 -5- 201029315 本發明的目的在提供一種可一面將功率因數保持在一 定範圍，一面可儘可能供給與電力系統側的要求相對應的 無效電力的風力發電裝置及其輸出控制方法。 本發明的第1態樣係一種風力發電裝置，其具備有進 行輸出控制之控制裝置的風力發電裝置，前述控制裝置係 具備有：進行將無效電力設爲一定的無效電力恆定控制的 第1控制部；進行將功率因數設爲一定的功率因數恆定控 制的第2控制部；記憶有由將功率因數設爲預定範圍的無 @ 效電力與有效電力所決定的運轉區域的資訊的記憶部；判 定目前運轉狀態是否在已被記憶在前述記憶部的前述運轉 區域內的判定部；及將前述第1控制部與前述第2控制部進 行切換的控制切換部，前述控制切換部係藉由前述第1控 制部進行無效電力恆定控制，而且當藉由前述判定部判定 出已脫離前述運轉區域時，即由前述第1控制部切換成前 述第2控制部。 根據如上所示之構成，在未脫離運轉區域的範圍內， ❿ 可進行無效電力恆定控制，且可儘可能供給由電力系統側 所被要求的一定量以上的無效電力。此外，當已脫離運轉 區域時，即由無效電力恆定控制切換成功率因數恆定控制 ，因此可避免大幅逸脫運轉區域，而可繼續進行風車運轉 。藉此，可避免風車的運轉停止，而可抑制發電效率的降 低。 在本發明中，無效電力恆定控制係設定爲優先順位高 於功率因數恆定控制。因此，在未脫離運轉區域的區域中 -6 - 201029315 ，係優先選擇無效電力恆定控制。 在上述風力發電裝置中，亦可前述控制切換部係藉由 前述第2控制部進行功率因數恆定控制，而且當有效電力 超過由以前述無效電力恆定控制所設定的無效電力指令値 與該運轉區域所決定的有效電力的臨限値時，即由前述第 2控制部切換成前述第1控制部。 在有效電力已恢復時，係由功率因數恆定控制自動切 Φ 換成無效電力恆定控制，因此可儘可能將一定量以上的無 效電力供給至電力系統。 本發明之第2態樣係一種風力發電裝置之輸出控制方 法，其預先獲得由將功率因數設爲預定範圍的無效電力與 有效電力所決定的運轉區域的資訊，當進行將無效電力設 爲一定的無效電力恆定控制時，若檢測出目前運轉狀況已 脫離前述運轉區域，即由無效電力恆定控制切換成功率因 數恆定控制。 • 在上述風力發電裝置之輸出控制方法中，亦可在進行 前述功率因數恆定控制時，當有效電力超過由前述無效電 力恆定控制所設定的無效電力指令値及由該運轉區域所決 定的有效電力的臨限値時，即由功率因數恆定控制切換成 無效電力恆定控制。 【實施方式】 以下參照圖示，說明本發明之風力發電裝置之一實施 形態 -7- 201029315 第1圖係顯示本實施形態之風力發電裝置之整體構成 的方塊圖。風力發電裝置1係如第1圖所示，具備有：支柱 2、設在支柱2之上端的機臆（nacelle ) 3、及可繞著大致 7jC平的軸線旋轉而設在機艙3的轉子頭4。在轉子頭4係繞 著其旋轉軸線以放射狀安裝有3枚風車翼5。藉此，由轉子 頭4之旋轉軸線方向抵碰於風車翼5之風的力被轉換成使轉 子頭4繞著旋轉軸線旋轉的動力，該動力藉由被收容於機 艙3內的發電機而被轉換成電氣能量。 0 第2圖係顯示發電機6及其周邊之構成之一例的方塊圖 。本實施形態之發電機6係構成爲發電機6所發生的電力可 由定子繞組及轉子繞組之雙方輸出至電力系統13。具體而 言，發電機6係將其定子繞組連接於電力系統13，透過AC-DC-AC轉換器17而將轉子繞組連接於電力系統13。 AC-DC-AC轉換器17係由主動整流器（轉換器）14、 DC匯流排1 5、及反相器1 6所構成，將由轉子繞組所接收到 的交流電力轉換成適於電力系統13之頻率的交流電力。主 β 動整流器14係將在轉子繞組所發生的交流電力轉換成直流 電力，將該直流電力輸出至DC匯流排15。反相器16係將由 轉 力 S 胃 流 輸由 力將 電有 流具 交亦 直該17 f將器 ， 專 接力Ϊ 所電-A 15t C fcr .¾ D g 交 _ 流的Ac CS率 D 頻 同 到 相 收 13接 統 所 系13 力 統 電 系 與。力 成出電 換 能發力 功激電 的以流 力用直 電在成 流用換 交使轉 的被力 率而電 頻，流 之況交 組狀將 繞轉係 子運 1 轉y器 於 1 相 適置反 成裝 ， 換電時 轉發此 力力。 電風組 流依繞 交亦子 的，轉 -8- 201029315 ，且將該直流電力輸出至DC匯流排15。主動整流器14係將 由DC匯流排15所接收到的直流電力轉換成適於轉子繞組之 頻率的交流電力，且將該交流電力供給至發電機6的轉子 繞組。 此外，在將發電機6連接於電力系統13的電力線係設 有用以計測發電機6之輸出電壓V與輸出電流I的電壓/電 流感測器（省略圖示）。該電壓/電流感測器的計測値係 Φ 被供予至主控制部19及轉換器驅動控制部21。 轉換器驅動控制部21係爲了響應由後述之主控制部（ 控制裝置）19所被供予的有效電力指令P*、無效電力指令 而控制輸出至電力系統13的有效電力P與無效電力Q， 對主動整流器14及反相器16之功率電晶體的導通關斷進行 控制。具體而言，轉換器驅動控制部21係根據藉由電壓/ 電流感測器所被測定出的輸出電壓V及輸出電流I，計算出 有效電力P與無效電力Q。此外，轉換器驅動控制部21係生 • 成使有效電力P與有效電力指令P*的差、及無效電力Q與 無效電力指令Q*的差爲零的PWM訊號，將所生成的PWM 訊號供給至主動整流器14及反相器16。藉此控制被供給至 電力系統13之有效電力P與無效電力Q» 其中，針對無效電力Q，係依由電力系統側所被要求 的功率因數爲遲延或前進，來決定由風力發電裝置1對電 力系統13供給無效電力，或是由電力系統13對風力發電裝 置1供給無效電力。其中，在本案的說明中，遲延功率因 數中的「供給無效電力」意指將負的無效電力供給至電力 -9 - 201029315 系統13。201029315 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a wind power generation device and an output control method thereof. [Prior Art] In the field of wind turbines and the like, in the field of power supply stability on the power system side, when power is supplied to the power system side from the wind power generator side, it is required to secure a predetermined range of power. Factor (power factor). Therefore, for example, control of the power factor constant control of the effective power and the reactive power in such a manner that the power factor is kept constant has been performed (for example, refer to Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. Hei No. Hei. [Patent Document 1] Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2001-268805 [Invention] In recent years, in order to achieve more stability of power supply on the power system side, the power system side is required to be often used by the wind power generation system. Supply more than a certain amount of invalid electricity. This is based on the fact that ineffective power will help stabilize the power. However, for example, even when a certain amount or more of reactive power is to be supplied in the case where the effective power is extremely dropped due to the wind condition or the like, it is expected that the power factor is deviated from the predetermined range required by the power system side. Then, in this case, there is a concern that, for example, it is trapped in a situation in which the windmill has to be stopped. -5-201029315 An object of the present invention is to provide a wind power generator and an output control method thereof which can supply a reactive power corresponding to a request on the power system side while maintaining a power factor within a certain range. According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a wind turbine generator comprising: a wind power generator having a control device for performing output control, wherein the control device includes: a first control for performing constant power control with constant power a second control unit that sets a power factor constant control with a constant power factor; and a memory unit that stores information on an operation region determined by the power factor without a power factor and a valid power; a determination unit that is currently stored in the operation region of the memory unit; and a control switching unit that switches the first control unit and the second control unit, and the control switching unit is configured by the (1) The control unit performs the reactive power constant control, and when the determination unit determines that the operation region has been separated from the operation region, the first control unit switches to the second control unit. According to the configuration described above, the reactive power constant control can be performed within the range that does not deviate from the operation region, and a certain amount or more of the reactive power required by the power system side can be supplied as much as possible. Further, when the operation area has been departed, that is, the constant power constant control is switched to the power factor constant control, it is possible to avoid a large escape from the operation area, and the windmill operation can be continued. Thereby, the operation of the windmill can be prevented from being stopped, and the reduction in power generation efficiency can be suppressed. In the present invention, the reactive power constant control system is set to have a priority order higher than the power factor constant control. Therefore, in the area that does not leave the operating area, -6 - 201029315, the reactive power constant control is preferentially selected. In the above-described wind power generator, the control switching unit may perform power factor constant control by the second control unit, and when the effective power exceeds the invalid power command set by the ineffective power constant control, the operating area may be When the determined effective power is within the threshold, the second control unit switches to the first control unit. When the effective power has been restored, the power factor constant control is automatically switched to φ to the ineffective power constant control, so that a certain amount or more of the ineffective power can be supplied to the power system as much as possible. According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an output control method for a wind power generator, wherein information of an operation region determined by invalid power and effective power having a power factor set to a predetermined range is obtained in advance, and the invalid power is set to be constant. In the case of the ineffective power constant control, if it is detected that the current operating condition has deviated from the aforementioned operating region, the reactive power constant control is switched to the power factor constant control. In the above-described output control method of the wind power generator, when the power factor constant control is performed, the effective power exceeds the invalid power command set by the reactive power constant control and the effective power determined by the operating region. When the threshold is reached, it is switched from the power factor constant control to the ineffective power constant control. [Embodiment] An embodiment of a wind power generator according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. -7 - 201029315 Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of a wind turbine generator of the present embodiment. As shown in Fig. 1, the wind power generator 1 includes a support 2, a nacelle 3 provided at the upper end of the support 2, and a rotor head which is rotatable about an axis of approximately 7jC and is provided in the nacelle 3. 4. Three wind turbine blades 5 are radially attached to the rotor head 4 about its rotation axis. Thereby, the force of the wind that abuts against the wind turbine blade 5 in the direction of the rotation axis of the rotor head 4 is converted into power that rotates the rotor head 4 about the rotation axis, which is supported by the generator housed in the nacelle 3. It is converted into electrical energy. 0 Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the generator 6 and its surroundings. In the generator 6 of the present embodiment, the electric power generated by the generator 6 can be outputted to the electric power system 13 from both the stator winding and the rotor winding. Specifically, the generator 6 connects its stator windings to the electric power system 13 and connects the rotor windings to the electric power system 13 through the AC-DC-AC converter 17. The AC-DC-AC converter 17 is composed of an active rectifier (converter) 14, a DC bus bar 15, and an inverter 16 for converting AC power received by the rotor winding into a power system 13 suitable for the power system 13. Frequency of AC power. The main beta rectifier 14 converts the AC power generated in the rotor winding into DC power, and outputs the DC power to the DC busbar 15. Inverter 16 will be powered by the force S of the gastric flow by the force of the current with the flow of the device and the 17 f will be the device, the special force of the electric -A 15t C fcr .3⁄4 D g AC _ flow Ac CS rate D The frequency is the same as that of the 13th system. Forced power generation, power conversion, power generation, electric power, direct current, flow exchange, exchange, transfer, force rate, electric frequency, flow condition, grouping, rotation, rotation, transmission, transmission 1 The appropriate phase is reversed to install, and this force is forwarded when the power is changed. The electric wind group is circulated to -8-201029315, and the DC power is output to the DC bus bar 15. The active rectifier 14 converts the DC power received by the DC busbar 15 into AC power suitable for the frequency of the rotor winding, and supplies the AC power to the rotor winding of the generator 6. Further, a voltage/electrical influenza detector (not shown) for measuring the output voltage V of the generator 6 and the output current I is provided in the power line connecting the generator 6 to the power system 13. The measurement 値 Φ of the voltage/current sensor is supplied to the main control unit 19 and the converter drive control unit 21. The converter drive control unit 21 controls the effective power P and the reactive power Q output to the power system 13 in response to the effective power command P* and the reactive power command supplied from the main control unit (control device) 19, which will be described later. The turn-on and turn-off of the power transistors of the active rectifier 14 and the inverter 16 is controlled. Specifically, the converter drive control unit 21 calculates the effective power P and the reactive power Q based on the output voltage V and the output current I measured by the voltage/current sensor. Further, the converter drive control unit 21 generates a PWM signal for which the difference between the effective power P and the effective power command P* and the difference between the invalid power Q and the invalid power command Q* is zero, and the generated PWM signal is supplied. To the active rectifier 14 and the inverter 16. Thereby, the effective power P and the reactive power Q» supplied to the power system 13 are controlled. Among them, for the invalid power Q, the power factor required by the power system side is delayed or advanced, and the wind power generation device 1 determines The power system 13 supplies the invalid power, or the power system 13 supplies the wind power generator 1 with the invalid power. Here, in the description of the present case, "supply invalid power" in the delayed power factor means that negative reactive power is supplied to the power -9 - 201029315 system 13.
葉片控制部22係響應由主控制部19所被傳送的螺距（ pitch)指令冷*，來控制葉片5的螺距角（pitch angle) /S 。葉片5的螺距角Θ係以與螺距指令/3*相一致的方式受到 控制。 主控制部19係對上述轉換器驅動控制部21及葉片控制 部22輸出適於各個的指令値。轉換器驅動控制部21、葉片 控制部22及主控制部1 9係具有例如微電腦，微電腦讀出被 記錄在電腦可讀取記錄媒體的程式且執行，藉此使各種處 理實現。在此所謂電腦可讀取記錄媒體係指例如磁碟、光 磁碟、CD-ROM、DVD-ROM、半導體記憶體等。 第3圖係展開主控制部1 9所具備之功能而顯示的功能 方塊圖。如第3圖所示，主控制部19係具備有：進行將無 效電力設爲一定之無效電力恆定控制的第1控制部31;進 行將功率因數設爲一定之功率因數恆定控制的第2控制部 32;記憶有由將功率因數設爲預定範圍的無效電力與有效 電力所決定的運轉區域的資訊的記憶部33;判定目前運轉 狀態是否在已記億在記億部33的運轉區域內的判定部34 ; 及切換第1控制部31與第2控制部32，換言之，爲切換無效 電力恆定控制與功率因數恆定控制的控制切換部3 5。 在第4圖顯示被儲放在記憶部33之運轉區域的資訊。 在此顯示例如將功率因數設爲-0.9以上、+ 0.95以下之範 圍的無效電力與有效電力的關係。在第4圖中，縱軸爲有 效電力P，橫軸爲無效電力Q，圖中以影線所包圍的區域爲 -10- 201029315 運轉區域，亦即功率因數爲-0.9以上、+ 0.95以下之範圍 的無效電力及有效電力的設定範圍》 在第3圖中，第1控制部3 1係保有由電力系統側所被要 求之既定的無效電力値，將該無效電力値設定爲無效電力 指令値Q*。在本實施形態中，係例示設定-600kVAr作爲 無效電力指令値（T的情形。 此外，第1控制部31係根據發電機6的旋轉數來進行預 # 定運算，藉此設定有效電力指令値P*。 第1控制部3 1係如上所示，若設定無效電力指令値Q # 、有效電力指令値P *，即將該等指令値輸出至控制切換部 35 ° 第2控制部32係保有例如由電力系統側所被要求的既 定的功率因數（例如遲延功率因數0.9)，設定成爲該功 率因數之無效電力指令値Q*及有效電力指令値P*並加以 輸出。例如，第2控制部32係求出由與發電機6之旋轉數的 ® 關係所決定的有效電力指令値P *，以與該有效電力指令値 .P*的關係，計算出滿足既定之功率因數（例如遲延功率因 數0.9)的無效電力指令値Q*，且將該等指令値輸出至控 制切換部3 5。 判定部34係根據藉由電壓/電流感測器所被測定出的 輸出電壓V及輸出電流I，計算出有效電力p與無效電力Q， 判定該等値是否在儲放於記憶部33之第4圖所示的運轉區 域內，且將該結果輸出至控制切換部35。此時，判定部34 根據輸出電壓V及輸出電流I所計算出的有效電力P與無效 -11 - 201029315 電力Q的資訊亦輸出至控制切換部35。 此外，判定部34係在進行功率因數恆定控制時’判定 有效電力是否已超過以無效電力恆定控制所設定的無效電 力指令値（在本實施形態中爲-6〇〇kVAr)與以該運轉區域 (參照第4圖）所決定的有效電力的臨限値（在本實施形 態中爲1250kW)，將其判定結果輸出至控制切換部35。 上述臨限値係可在運轉區域內的範圍中任意設定’例如採 用藉由與藉無效電力恆定控制所被設定的無效電力指令値 β 的關係而將功率因數設爲-〇.9(遲延功率因數〇·9)之有效 電力的値。 控制切換部3 5係用以切換輸出控制的手段，選定第1 控制部3 1及第2控制部32之任一者。 在本實施形態中，無效電力恆定控制係被設定成優先 順位高於功率因數恆定控制。因此，在未脫離運轉區域的 區域中，係在控制切換部35中，優先選擇無效電力恆定控 制。 © 此外，控制切換部3 5例如係藉由第1控制部3 1來進行 無效電力恆定控制，而且，當被判定部34判定出已脫離運 轉區域時，係由第1控制部31切換成第2控制部32。 此外，控制切換部35係藉由第2控制部32來進行功率 因數恆定控制，而且，當由判定部3 4判定出有效電力已超 過臨限値時，係由第2控制部3 2切換成第1控制部3 1。 接著，參照第5圖及第6圖說明本實施形態之風力發電 裝置之輸出控制方法，換言之，說明藉由主控制部19所實 -12- 201029315 現之處理的內容。 首先，若風車開始運轉（第5圖的步驟SA1 )，控制切 換部35係選擇第1控制部31。藉此，採用藉由第1控制部31 的無效電力恆定控制（第5圖的步驟SA2)，用以將無效電 力保持爲一定的無效電力指令値（T及有效電力指令値P# 係由主控制部19被輸出至轉換器驅動控制部21。 轉換器驅動控制部2 1係以使根據藉由電壓/電流感測 φ 器所測定出的輸出電壓V及輸出電流I所計算出的有效電力 P與無效電力Q與由主控制部19所被供予的有效電力指令 P *、無效電力指令Q *分別相一致的方式來控制主動整流 器14及反相器16。藉此，將無效電力設爲一定之有效電力 P與無效電力Q會被供給至電力系統13 (第5圖的步驟S A3 )° 當進行如上所示之無效電力恆定控制時，例如，風的 狀況即急遽變化，有效電力P極端掉落，在第6圖以粗體虛 β 線之箭號所示，當掉落至脫離運轉區域之1250kW以下時 ，在判定部34中檢測已脫離運轉區域，且將該內容的資訊 供給至控制切換部3 5 (第5圖的步驟S A4 )。 控制切換部3 5係當接收到已脫離運轉區域之內容的訊 號時，由第1控制部3 1切換成第2控制部32，藉此由無效電 力恆定控制切換控制內容成功率因數恆定控制（第5圖的 步驟SA5 )。 藉此’選擇藉由第2控制部32所被設定之用以將功率 因數設爲一定的有效電力指令P*、無效電力指令Q*，將 -13- 201029315 該等指令輸出至轉換器驅動控制部21。 藉此，將功率因數設爲一定的有效電力P及無效電力Q 即被供給至電力系統13 (第5圖的步驟SA6)。 如上所示，當脫離運轉區域時，由無效電力恆定控制 切換成功率因數恆定控制，藉此如第6圖中粗體箭號所示 ，即使在有效電力已降低的情形下，亦可避免由運轉區域 逸脫，而可繼續進行風車的運轉控制。 如上所示，在進行功率因數恆定控制之期間，有效電 參 力慢慢恢復，結果，例如當超過由以無效電力恆定控制所 被設定的無效電力指令値與第4圖所示之運轉區域所決定 的有效電力的臨限値時，藉由判定部34檢測該內容，且將 該內容的資訊輸出至控制切換部35 (第5圖的步驟SA7)。 例如，在本實施形態中，在無效電力恆定控制中，係 進行將無效電力維持在-600kVAr的控制，因此藉由該設定 値與運轉區域所決定的有效電力的臨限値係如第6圖所示 成爲1 25 0k W。其中，該値爲一例，藉由上述之手法，可 〇 任意設定。此外，對於如上所示之臨限値，爲了在安全面 上可進行運轉，亦可考慮餘量（margin)來設定有效電力 的臨限値。 控制切換部35係當取得該資訊時，即由第2控制部32 切換成第1控制部31 (第5圖的步驟SA2)。藉此，再次藉 由第1控制部31進行無效電力恆定控制（第5圖的步驟SA3 )° 如上所示，雖然有效電力暫時減低，但是在之後，若 -14- 201029315 已恢復時，即自動切換成無效電力恆定控制，因此可儘可 能將一定量以上的無效電力供給至電力系統13。 如以上説明所示，根據本實施形態之風力發電裝置及 其運轉控制方法，由於有效電力降低，當脫離運轉區域時 ，係由無效電力恆定控制迅速切換成功率因數恆定控制， 因此可將功率因數保持在預定範圍內，而可避免風車運轉 停止。藉此，可抑制發電效率降低。 • 此外，若有效電力已恢復，即由功率因數恆定控制自 動切換成無效電力恆定控制，因此可儘可能將一定量以上 的無效電力供給至電力系統13。 其中，在本實施形態中，係例示供給負的無效電力之 情形而加以說明，但是本發明之風力發電裝置之輸出控制 方法在供給正的無效電力的情形下，亦可同樣適用。 【圖式簡單說明】 ® 第1圖係顯示本發明之一實施形態之風力發電裝置之 整體構成的方塊圖。 第2圖係顯示發電機及其周邊之構成之一例的方塊圖 〇 第3圖係展開藉由第2圖所示之主控制部所實現之處理 而顯示的功能方塊圖。 第4圖係顯示運轉區域之一例圖。 第5圖係針對本發明之—實施形態之風力發電裝置之 輸出控制所顯示的流程圖。 -15- 201029315 第6圖係用以針對本發明之一實施形態之風力發電裝 置之輸出控制所說明的圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1 :風力發電裝置 2 :支柱 3 :機艙 4 :轉子頭 ❿ 5 :風車翼 6 :發電機 13 :電力系統 1 4 :主動整流器 1 5 : D C匯流排 1 6 :反相器 1 7 : AC-DC-AC轉換器 1 9 :主控制部（控制裝置） Θ 21 :轉換器驅動控制部 2 2 :葉片控制部 3 1 :第1控制部 3 2 :第2控制部 3 3 :記憶部 3 4 :判定部 3 5 :控制切換部 -16-The blade control unit 22 controls the pitch angle /S of the blade 5 in response to the pitch command cold* transmitted by the main control unit 19. The pitch angle of the blade 5 is controlled in a manner consistent with the pitch command /3*. The main control unit 19 outputs a command 适于 suitable for each of the converter drive control unit 21 and the blade control unit 22. The converter drive control unit 21, the blade control unit 22, and the main control unit 19 have, for example, a microcomputer, and the microcomputer reads and executes a program recorded on a computer-readable recording medium, thereby implementing various processes. The computer readable recording medium herein refers to, for example, a magnetic disk, a magnetic disk, a CD-ROM, a DVD-ROM, a semiconductor memory or the like. Fig. 3 is a functional block diagram showing the functions of the main control unit 19. As shown in FIG. 3, the main control unit 19 includes a first control unit 31 that performs constant power control for which the reactive power is constant, and a second control that controls the power factor to be constant. The unit 32 stores a memory unit 33 that stores information on the operation area determined by the power factor and the effective power, and determines whether the current operation state is within the operation area of the billion unit 33. The determination unit 34; and the first control unit 31 and the second control unit 32 are switched, in other words, the control switching unit 35 that switches the reactive power constant control and the power factor constant control. The information stored in the operation area of the memory unit 33 is shown in Fig. 4. Here, for example, the relationship between the reactive power and the effective power in a range in which the power factor is set to -0.9 or more and + 0.95 or less is displayed. In Fig. 4, the vertical axis is the effective power P, and the horizontal axis is the reactive power Q. The area enclosed by the hatching in the figure is the operating area of -10-201029315, that is, the power factor is -0.9 or more and +0.95 or less. In the third figure, the first control unit 31 holds a predetermined invalid power 値 required by the power system side, and sets the invalid power 値 to the invalid power command 値Q*. In the present embodiment, the case where -600 kVAr is set as the invalid electric power command 値 (T) is exemplified. In addition, the first control unit 31 performs a predetermined calculation based on the number of rotations of the generator 6, thereby setting an effective electric power command. P* The first control unit 3 1 sets the invalid power command 値Q # and the effective power command 値P* as described above, and outputs the command 値 to the control switching unit 35. The second control unit 32 holds, for example, The predetermined power factor (for example, the delay power factor of 0.9) required by the power system side is set as the power factor invalid power command 値Q* and the effective power command 値P* and output. For example, the second control unit 32 The effective power command 値P* determined by the ® relationship with the number of revolutions of the generator 6 is obtained, and the relationship with the effective power command 値.P* is calculated to satisfy the predetermined power factor (for example, the delay power factor is 0.9). The invalid power command 値Q* is output to the control switching unit 35. The determining unit 34 calculates the output voltage V and the output current I measured by the voltage/current sensor. Out The effective power p and the reactive power Q determine whether or not the enthalpy is stored in the operation region shown in Fig. 4 of the memory unit 33, and outputs the result to the control switching unit 35. At this time, the determination unit 34 is based on the output. The effective power P calculated by the voltage V and the output current I and the information of the invalid -11 - 201029315 power Q are also output to the control switching unit 35. Further, the determining unit 34 determines whether the effective power has been used when the power factor constant control is performed. Exceeding the invalid power command 値 (-6 〇〇 kVAr in the present embodiment) set by the reactive power constant control and the threshold of the effective power determined by the operation region (see FIG. 4) (in this embodiment) In the form of 1250 kW), the determination result is output to the control switching unit 35. The threshold system can be arbitrarily set in the range in the operation region, for example, by using the invalid power command set by the constant power control. In the relationship of 値β, the power factor is set to 〇.9 (delay power factor 〇·9). The control switching unit 35 is a means for switching the output control, and the first control unit 3 1 is selected. In either of the second control units 32, the reactive power constant control system is set such that the priority order is higher than the power factor constant control. Therefore, in the region that is not separated from the operation region, the control switching portion is In the case of the control unit 34, the control unit 3 controls the inertial power constant control by the first control unit 31, and when the determination unit 34 determines that the operation area has been removed from the operation area, The first control unit 32 is switched to the second control unit 32. The control switching unit 35 performs power factor constant control by the second control unit 32, and when the determination unit 34 determines that the effective power has exceeded When it is limited, the second control unit 3 2 switches to the first control unit 31. Next, the output control method of the wind power generator according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, in other words, the contents of the processing by the main control unit 19 -12-201029315 will be described. First, when the wind turbine starts operating (step SA1 in Fig. 5), the control switching unit 35 selects the first control unit 31. Thereby, the reactive power constant control by the first control unit 31 (step SA2 of FIG. 5) is employed, and the invalid power command 保持 (T and the effective power command 値P# are used by the master to keep the invalid power constant). The control unit 19 is output to the converter drive control unit 21. The converter drive control unit 2 1 is an effective power calculated based on the output voltage V and the output current I measured by the voltage/current sense φ device. The active rectifier 14 and the inverter 16 are controlled such that P and the reactive power Q match the effective power command P* and the reactive power command Q* supplied by the main control unit 19, respectively. A certain effective power P and invalid power Q are supplied to the power system 13 (step S A3 of Fig. 5). When the reactive power constant control as described above is performed, for example, the state of the wind is rapidly changing, and the effective power is P is extremely dropped. As shown by the arrow of the bold imaginary line in Fig. 6, when it is dropped below 1250 kW which is out of the operation area, the determination unit 34 detects that the operation area has been detached, and the information of the content is Supply to control switching unit 3 5 (Step S A4 in Fig. 5) The control switching unit 35 switches the first control unit 31 to the second control unit 32 when receiving the signal that has deviated from the content of the operation area, thereby invalidating power The constant control switching control content success rate factor constant control (step SA5 of Fig. 5) is used to select the effective power command P* set by the second control unit 32 to set the power factor to be constant. The power command Q* outputs the commands from -13 to 201029315 to the converter drive control unit 21. Thereby, the effective power P and the reactive power Q having a constant power factor are supplied to the power system 13 (Fig. 5) Step SA6). As shown above, when leaving the operation region, switching from the reactive power constant control to the power factor constant control, as shown by the bold arrow in Fig. 6, even in the case where the effective power has been lowered It is also possible to avoid the escape from the operating area, and the operation control of the windmill can be continued. As shown above, during the period of constant power factor control, the effective electric power is slowly recovered, and as a result, for example, when the power is exceeded by constant power When the invalid power command 设定 set and the threshold of the effective power determined by the operation region shown in FIG. 4 are controlled, the determination unit 34 detects the content, and outputs the content information to the control switching unit 35. (Step SA7 of Fig. 5) For example, in the present embodiment, in the reactive power constant control, the control for maintaining the invalid power at -600 kVAr is performed, and therefore the effective power determined by the setting 値 and the operation region is performed. The threshold is 1500kW as shown in Fig. 6. The 値 is an example, and can be arbitrarily set by the above method. In addition, for the threshold shown above, for the safety surface It can be operated on, and the margin of effective power can be set by considering the margin. When the control switching unit 35 acquires the information, the second control unit 32 switches to the first control unit 31 (step SA2 in Fig. 5). As a result, the first control unit 31 performs the reactive power constant control again (step SA3 in FIG. 5). As described above, although the effective power is temporarily reduced, after that, if -14-293293 is restored, it is automatically Switching to the ineffective power constant control, it is possible to supply a certain amount or more of the invalid power to the power system 13 as much as possible. As described above, according to the wind power generator and the operation control method thereof of the present embodiment, since the effective power is reduced, when the operating region is separated from the operating region, the power factor is quickly switched to the power factor constant control, so that the power factor can be used. Keep it within the predetermined range, and avoid running the windmill. Thereby, it is possible to suppress a decrease in power generation efficiency. • In addition, if the effective power has been restored, that is, the power factor constant control is automatically switched to the reactive power constant control, a certain amount or more of the invalid power can be supplied to the power system 13 as much as possible. In the present embodiment, the case where negative ineffective electric power is supplied is exemplified. However, the output control method of the wind power generator according to the present invention can be applied similarly when the positive electric power is supplied. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of a wind power generator according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of a configuration of a generator and its surroundings. Fig. 3 is a functional block diagram showing the processing performed by the main control unit shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a view showing an example of an operation area. Fig. 5 is a flow chart showing the output control of the wind power generator according to the embodiment of the present invention. -15- 201029315 Fig. 6 is a view for explaining output control of a wind power generator according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Explanation of main components] 1 : Wind turbine 2: Pillar 3: Cabin 4: Rotor head ❿ 5: Wind turbine wing 6: Generator 13: Power system 1 4: Active rectifier 1 5 : DC busbar 1 6 : Inverted 1 7 : AC-DC-AC converter 1 9 : main control unit (control device) Θ 21 : converter drive control unit 2 2 : blade control unit 3 1 : first control unit 3 2 : second control unit 3 3 : Memory unit 3 4 : Determination unit 3 5 : Control switching unit - 16 -