201026479 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關一種塑膠靜態混合器，包含一用以裝入 管狀混合器殼體之安裝體。該安裝體具有一縱軸線，其對 準流體流入安裝體之方向，俾安裝體可涵蓋一混合空間。 混合空間具有一與縱軸線正交之平面之橫剖面流動區域， 其基本上相當於管狀混合器殻體之橫剖面流動區域。該安 ❹ 裝體包含一壁元件，用來分隔及/或偏使液流言偏離縱軸 線之方向偏流。本發明亦有關製造此種靜態混合器之方法 【先前技術】 此種靜態混合器例如於歐洲專利EP 1426099中已知。 於此靜態混合器中，二成份藉複數個同型混合元件於三步 混合程序中相互混合，其中物料首先被分散，接著被擴散 φ ，最後被移置。依成份之物理性質而定，此混合程序須進 行若干次。因此，依序配置複數個相同構造之安裝體於靜 態混合器中。此等混合器特別是用於混合小量，例如數毫 升至大致1，〇〇〇毫升之成份。因此，此等混合器具有小於 10 mm之直徑，大於50 mm之長度之混合空間。結果’ 該混合空間之壁元件之壁厚可小於1 mm ’經常甚至小於 0.5mm。 根據歐洲專利EP 1426099 ’塑膠靜態混合器以在射出 成型製程中製造較佳。使用射出成型製程製造30 mm長 -5- 201026479 ，小於3 mm壁厚之混合器在過去不可能，此乃因爲自射 出成型機之注射點至混合器之對置端之流路需要極高的機 器內壓。爲確保最遠離注射點之混合器之壁元件亦完全充 塡聚合物熔液，須提供大於1,000 bar之機器內壓。過去 ，傳統射出成型機在須製造上述大小之薄壁靜態混合器時 ，無法承受此等高機器內壓。因此，到目前爲止尙無法於 射出成型製程中經濟地製造小於3 mm壁厚，混合器長度 對壁厚之比例大於1 〇之混合器，特別是塑膠混合器。縮 _ 紋之形成須被視爲藉由射出成型製程製造具有混合器長度 對壁厚之比例大於1 〇之已知混合器的又一問題。即使大 於1,000 bar之機器內壓，仍無法排除具有歐洲專利 EP1 42 6 09 9 B1之構形之靜態混合器有縮紋。 【發明內容】 本發明之目的在於提供一種對所提靜態混合器及所提 方法之改進，俾可藉由射出成型製程製造具有較小壁厚及 @ 較大長度之靜態混合器。 本發明之目的藉由利用射出成型製程之靜態混合器製 造方法達成，包括以下步驟：於一注射壓力小於500 bar 之注射點，將含有發泡劑之聚合物熔液射入一通道中；以 含有發泡劑之該聚合物熔液充塡該通道；以及於該通道中 ，含有發泡劑之該聚合物熔液至少局部以相對於壁厚達到 至少1 〇之流路比例發泡。 有關傳統射出成型製程’使用含有發泡劑之聚合物於 -6- 201026479 靜態混合器之製造，該發泡劑在注射期間或直接在注射後 發泡。 根據本發明，射出成型製程特別是包含於一注射壓力 小於3 00 bar，尤佳者小於200 bar之注射點，將含有發泡 劑之聚合物射入一通道中。 本方法接著在移除該靜態混合器之前包含以下步驟： 冷卻通道中含有發泡劑之至少局部發泡聚合物熔液；固化 φ 用以形成靜態混合器之聚合物熔液；擴大通道之截面。 含有發泡劑之聚合物之注射有利地係從單一注射點開 始發生。 含有發泡劑之聚合物至少於離注射點最遠區域發泡。 由於發泡塑膠含有泡沬，因此，每次製造混合器所需聚合 物量減少發泡塑膠。此等泡沬有利地具有不大於1 00 μιη ，較佳不大於50 μιη，尤佳不大於10 μιη之平均直徑。 一種以含有發泡劑之聚合物熔液製造靜態混合器用安 φ 裝體之射出成型機包括一通道以及一用來將含有發泡劑之 聚合物熔液導入通道之注射口，該通道大致有靜態混合器 用安裝體之尺寸，且該通道具有壁厚相對於安裝體至少 1 〇之流路比例。壁厚相對於安裝體之流路比例特別是大 於50，較佳大於140，尤佳大於180。於注射口區域之注 射壓力小於500 bar。注射壓力較佳小於300 bar，尤佳小 於 2 0 0 b ar 〇 射出成型機之通道有大致對應於靜態混合器用安裝體 之縱軸線之縱軸線，並有配置成大致與聚合物熔液之流動 201026479 方向正交之橫剖面通道區域’其中該橫剖面通道區域具有 一寬度尺寸及一厚度尺寸。厚度尺寸大致對應於靜態混合 器用安裝體之中間壁厚，且該通道具有靜態混合器用安裝 體之幾何形狀。 厚度尺寸不大於2.5 mm ’較佳不大於2.3 mm，尤佳 不大於2 mm。 依靜態混合器之幾何形狀而定，通道具有一主通道及 複數個副通道。 一第一副通道具有由副通道之長度以及由寬度尺寸和 厚度尺寸決定之板元件之形狀。第一副通道之板元件之長 度大致沿通道之縱軸線方向延伸。由寬度尺寸和厚度尺寸 所涵蓋之橫剖面通道區域配置成大致與長度正交。 可設置一具有板元件之形狀之第二副通道，其中，該 厚度尺寸大致沿縱軸線方向延伸，且該縱長尺寸及該厚度 尺寸所涵蓋之平面配置成與該縱軸線成一角度。該平面特 別是可配置成90°的角度^ 板元件可包含一曲線，亦即，縱向尺寸或寬度尺寸之 一包含一弧形。 根據射出成型機之較佳實施例，一混合噴嘴可配置於 進入通道之入口之上游’用來均質化含有發泡劑之聚合物 熔液。 本發明之目的藉一靜態混合器達成，其包括一用來裝 入一管狀混合器殻體之安裝體，該安裝體有一縱長方向及 尺寸。就非圓形管狀混合器殻體而言，在管狀混合器殼體 -8 - 201026479 之橫剖面區域爲正方形時，直徑相當於邊緣長度。就管狀 混合器殼體之其他形狀而言，在管狀混合器殼體之橫剖面 區域爲正方形，例如具有矩形或橢圓橫剖面時，於橫剖面 區域爲圓形之假設下，使用Da =2* ( Α/Π) 1/2決定相當 管徑Da。Da表示相當直徑；A表示實際橫剖面區域。在 須使用圓形剖面之直徑或非圓形剖面之相當直徑作爲直徑 下，縱長尺寸對直徑之比例至少爲1。安裝體至少一部份 φ 由塑膠製成。若設置單一安裝體，縱長尺寸即對應於安裝 體之縱長側。若在彼此後面配置複數個安裝體，縱長尺寸 即得自縱長側之總和。縱長尺寸對直徑之比例可特別是大 於3，較佳大於5，尤佳大於7。大型構造長度之靜態混 合器因相當低的機器內壓而可在製造上特別經濟。較低機 器內壓因所用塑膠爲含有發泡劑之聚合物而造成，該聚合 物在射出成型製程的過程中發泡，使至少部份由發泡塑膠 製成之安裝體存在在射出成型製程末段。對用來作爲靜態 • 混合器之該安裝體而言，流路對壁厚之比例至少爲1〇。 流路對壁厚之比例可特別是大於50，較佳大於140，尤佳 大於1 80。 含發泡劑之聚合物具有較可相提並論之無發泡劑之聚 合物更低的黏度，此乃因爲聚合物之黏度因可能以物理或 化學發泡劑存在之聚合物而減少。可特別是使用一種聚合 物熔液，其含有物理氣體，尤其是諸如co2之超臨界氣體 ，或化學發泡劑，並以單相熔液存在。發泡塑膠具有小於 100 μιη之晶胞尺寸，可提供大於至少約106晶胞/cm3之晶 201026479 胞密度。爲由發泡塑膠製造靜態混合器，在壓力下將可流 動材料導入射出成型機。射出成型機界定出具有靜態混合 器之形狀之中空空間。爲在發泡聚合物中獲得超臨界流體 溶液，需要較短的特定混合時間，靜態混合器之較薄壁厚 〇 爲製造靜態混合器，於第一製程步驟，將塑膠粒熔化 於一擠塑機中。接著添加例如形式爲超臨界氣體，特別是 C〇2之發泡劑。一方面，可藉由驅動一適當通氣調節閥， 添加發泡劑於增塑螺桿之選定位置。調節發泡劑之溫度及 壓力，將發泡劑轉變成超臨界狀態。亦可在導入之前將發 泡劑預熱以免在更高溫下突然昇溫。取而代之，可添加發 泡劑於增塑缸筒外，特別是作爲超臨界流體。接著，藉增 塑螺桿，在增塑缸筒中將發泡劑與聚合物熔液混合。此混 合程序增加發泡劑對聚合物之擴散，直至發泡劑於聚合物 中飽和爲止。二材料之接觸面積藉由混合程序擴大，並因 此減小擴散程序所需滲透深度。因此，發泡劑在有助於產 生發泡劑熔液於聚合物中的增塑螺桿的運動下，與熔解之 聚合物混合。只要增塑螺桿旋轉，即於待混合之發泡劑/ 聚合物系統中產生二維剪力場。於此方面，發泡劑所產生 之泡沬沿剪力方向擴展。在層流之擾動下，擴展之泡沫被 碎成較小球狀泡沫。較佳地，增塑螺桿具有不規則配置之 葉片，使發泡劑/聚合物之界面位向相對於流動線變化， 以增進成層混合物之效率。於可使用靜態混合器之混合程 序期間，泡沬之擴散亦發生於環繞泡沫之每一者的聚合物 -10- 201026479 熔液中。二相混合物成爲單相熔液之轉換接著僅發生在擴 散室中。於單相熔液中，發泡劑濃度大致均勻，俾熔液可 被視爲均質。 在擴散後，快速對熔液加熱，藉以在飽和熔液中成核 。須知，成核爲核形成，其代表具有最大100μιη之平均 晶胞尺寸之泡沫的形成。由於在此更高溫下聚合物中發泡 劑之熔解度降低，於加熱下發生熱動力不穩定性。隨著溫 φ 度增高，熔解度愈減少，成核率更大，且成核晶胞數更多 。維持高壓，使此等晶胞不再成長於增塑缸筒。接著，將 具有成核晶胞之熔液導入射出成型機之中空成型空間中。 例如藉由導入壓縮空氣，控制射出成型機中之壓力。射出 成型機中之晶胞成長僅在射出成型機中之壓力快速下降時 因壓力不穩而發生。因此，減少含泡沫劑之聚合物使用上 之流動阻力。藉此，這能降低機器內壓，使機器之壓力負 荷在不再有過早故障之允許範圍內。然而，因種種理由， • 至今已可預見供製造此種長、薄壁之靜態混合器之含發泡 劑之聚合物之靜態混合器之使用。一方面，並不預期此種 具有複雜幾何形狀之薄壁混合器可藉由降低射出速度製成 ，此射出速度之降低係因機器內壓之降低而發生。此一於 射出成型製程中已知之現象在專業領域中稱爲冷卻。於此 程序中，注入射出成型機之聚合物熔液之固化發生於射出 成型機之近壁區域。此固化可由熔液與壁部間的溫度梯度 造成，然而同樣可發生於具有聚合物熔液之溫度之機器中 ，此乃因爲聚合物熔液之流速於射出成型機之近壁區域較 -11 - 201026479 中間區域更低。行經射出成型機之聚合物熔液流相當於行 經通道之液流。此液流速度之液流曲線大致爲拋物線。拋 物線之對稱軸相當於通道之中心軸。流速於射出成型機之 壁部具有〇値。由於此液流曲線，聚合物在射出成型機所 形成之通道有不同的駐留時間。較大的聚合物熔液駐留時 間發生於流速低的壁區，結果，即使未冷卻，例如交聯反 應之反應仍可能發生在聚合物熔液內部。這造成對聚合物 熔液之流通仍有用之通道剖面減少。通道剖面之減少對壁 厚大於3mm之成份幾乎不重要，此乃因爲冷卻仍限於通 道之近壁小區域，以致於聚合物熔液可流經射出成型機而 不會妨礙具有大於3 mm壁厚之製造成份。 橫剖面區域之每一者具有一壁厚，縱長尺寸對該壁厚 之比例至少爲40，較佳至少爲50，尤佳至少爲75。橫剖 面區域可與複數個壁元件相交，俾壁厚無須藉由單獨指出 橫剖面區域來清楚決定。然而，實際壁厚對射出成型機之 設計有決定性。壁厚愈薄，前述壁效果於聚合物熔液注入 射出成型機上愈顯著。隨此，小的壁厚提供較高機器內壓 。靜態混合器之壁厚可小於3mm，較佳小於2mm，尤佳 小於l.5mm，而不會超過所允許機器內壓。 複數個安裝體特別是可相互跟在後面沿縱軸線配置。 此等安裝體可具有相同構造，或者不同構造之安裝體可相 互組合以產生如歐洲專利EP 1312409 B1之混合器配置。 相鄰安裝體較佳地相互連接’以使由此複數個安裝體製成 之混合器成爲一體。這意指混合器全體於一單一射出成型 -12- 201026479 機中製造。 安裝體或安裝體全體可具有介於5與500mm，較佳 介於5與3 00mm，尤佳介於5與100mm之縱長尺寸。 靜態混合器較佳係設計成安裝體具有定向於流體流入 安裝體之方向的縱軸線，使混合空間可爲安裝體所涵蓋， 該混合空間在與縱軸線正交之平面中有橫剖面流動區域， 其相當於管狀混合器殻體之橫剖面流動區域。安裝體包含 φ 用於分隔及/或使液流沿偏離縱軸線之方向偏流之壁元件 ，橫剖面區域可藉由壁元件與該平面相交而發生，該橫剖 面區域相對於混合空間之橫剖面流動區域最大爲1 /5，較 佳最大爲1/10，尤佳最大爲1/20。在使用發泡塑膠時， 驚人地發現，可藉大致低機器內壓實現相同流路。發泡塑 膠之使用結果使得流路可較習知技術更加伸長，俾可製造 具有較大縱長尺寸之混合器。 根據第一實施例實施之壁元件之橫剖面區域形成一第 Φ 一寬側，其可被分成二分區。因此，流體之混合物料流被 分成二分流，其等依混合空間中寬側之位置而定，可具有 相同大小或不同大小。當然亦可形成兩個以上寬側，俾對 應地產生兩個以上分流。含發泡劑之聚合物熔液行經之靜 態混合器的橫剖面因靜態混合器之複雜幾何形狀而頻繁改 變。這些改變因形成靜態混合器之安裝體之壁元件的幾何 形狀及配置而發生，爲此，須於射出成型機中提供對應中 空空間及通道。於此特殊情況下進行射出成型機中壓力之 調節’在含發泡劑之聚合物熔液仍以單相熔液存在之射出 -13- 201026479 程序開始時，提供一機器內壓，在用於靜態混合器之射出 成型機之中空模塑空間之塡期間降低該壓力。發生壓力之 降低，俾於射出期間形成泡沬，其特別是具有小於i〇〇Hm 之胞徑及/或晶胞密度大於至少約1〇ό晶胞/cm3之泡沫。 由於在射出期間已形成泡沬，因此，聚合物熔液之黏度降 低，此乃因爲於二相狀態下產生上昇晶胞，成爲含壓縮氣 體之泡沫。因此，這種黏度減小可相對於用在非泡沫成份 之傳統射出成型製程，在大致較低機器內壓下減低射出速 _ 度。特別是於聚合物熔液偏流區域之壁效果同樣因較低黏 度而發生。 已知射出成型機之近壁區域因具有大致矩形橫剖面而 較少或絲毫不發泡。若靜態混合器特別是由根據上述或更 精確地以下幾何圖形之一之安裝體形成’於聚合物熔液流 路中，在壁元件之各邊緣及轉移至次一壁元件之轉移點即 產生大偏流，俾第一壁元件中射出成型機開口之邊緣區域 之聚合物熔液流入第二壁元件，進入該第二壁元件之中央 © 區域，並發生二相泡沬形成。因此’當如以上因相鄰壁元 件彼此相對成一角度配置’特別是相鄰壁元件之橫向配置 而降低射出壓力時，泡沫沿混合器之縱長尺寸整體上昇。 根據第二實施例，壁元件具有大致矩形’且根據一較 佳實施例，對向第一寬側配置之一第二寬側相對於第一寬 側成一角度旋轉，以形成一螺旋構造。 根據第三較佳實施例，壁元件包含一桿元件，其第一 寬側形成一分流緣’且其第二寬側鄰接—偏流元件’其用 -14 - 201026479 來從混合空間之第一分區偏流入混合空間之第二分區。第 一寬側及第二寬側所界定之壁元件表面大致沿縱軸線之方 向對準，且偏流元件之表面大致配致於一橫切面，該橫切 面特別是與縱軸線成45。至90。，較佳成60°至90。 ，尤佳成75° 至90。對準。 根據具有小的死空間及帶有高混合性能之減低壓降之 第四特佳實施例，安裝體包含複數個壁元件，各壁元件具 φ 有大致矩形橫剖面，其包含一第一寬側、第二寬側以及第 一縱側和第二縱側。 壁元件配置於安裝體中，使縱側大致沿縱軸線之方向 延伸，第一寬側及第二寬側橫切縱軸線之方向延伸。安裝 體包含將混合空間分成兩部之第一壁元件。與第一壁元件 相交之至少二壁元件鄰接該第一壁元件。較佳地，第一壁 元件經由至少一轉移元件連接於第二壁元件，及連接於第 三壁元件。 • 混合產物流藉轉移元件偏流，使成股進入靜態混合器 之成份在其行經靜態混合器之路徑中持續被分成寬度減小 的細條，使難以混合或具有高黏度之成份亦可藉此靜態混 合器處理。 相鄰安裝體較佳地經由至少一連接元件相互連接。靜 態混合器之構成因該連接元件而變得堅硬，使得混合物相 對於其縱軸線之曲線可較不容易發生，且混合物可配入環 繞混合空間之管內。 根據前述實施例，安裝體可依所欲組合。 -15- 201026479 上述靜態混合器適於作爲可拋棄式混合器，此乃因爲 一旦製成對應射出成型機’其製造及材料成本即很低。而 且，靜態混合器用於計量及/或混合單元。特別是可指定 一多成份匣作爲例子，其包含一排出裝置及一耦接於該排 出裝置之管，且其包含根據上述實施例之一實施之靜態混 合器。 靜態混合器可附裝於一排出單元或排出匣，特別是多 成份匣。靜態混合器可用來混合可流動成份之硬化混合產 物。靜態混合器之又一可能用途係於牙醫領域中澆注複合 物之混合或多成份黏著劑之混合。 【實施方式】 第1圖顯示根據本發明，靜態混合器之第一實施例。 靜態混合器包含一安裝體1，該安裝體1安裝在未圖示之 管狀殼體中。管狀殼體用來作爲位於該管狀殻體內部之一 混合空間20之界限。待混合之通常由至少二不同成份構 ◎ 成之流體流經混合空間20。此等成份大多以液態或黏質 存在。其例如包含膏、黏著劑，然而亦包含用於醫療部門 ，含有化妝品及食物用化學藥劑或流體。此種靜態混合器 亦特別是用來作爲可拋棄式混合器’用來混合可流動成份 之硬化混合產物，像是用來混合多成份黏著劑。靜態混合 器之另一較佳用途係用於牙醫領域中澆注複合物之混合。 安裝體1本身具有不動零件’俾混合程序透過流動之 流體本身發生。缺乏活動安裝零件可被視爲指定此一混合 -16- 201026479 器作爲靜態混合器之主因。安裝體1具有縱軸線10，其 同時係管狀殼體之縱軸線。縱軸線10配置於主流動方向 ’其係在管狀殻體中無任何安裝零件或岐管之流動方向。 安裝體1又具有一直徑36。若透過與該縱軸線正交之混 合空間20,121，於任一所欲點取平面21,12ι，即獲得大 致對應管狀混合器殻體之無安裝零件之橫剖面流動區域的 橫剖面流動區域22,122。須知，在這方面，安裝體1與平 〇 面21，121相交以獲得橫剖面區域23，123。 因此，壁元件區域之橫剖面流動區域22,1 22之値小 於管狀混合器殼體之橫剖面流動區域之値。橫剖面區域最 大爲橫剖面流動區域22,122之1/5。在壁元件之設計中力 圖將其設計成具有盡可能薄的壁部，以盡可能減少安裝體 製造所需聚合物材料。就須在高壓下經由混合器輸送之諸 女口黏性流體或膏之流體而言，需要橫剖面區域對橫剖面流 動區域爲1/5之比例。於此情況下，需要某種程度之混合 ® 器之機械穩定性。就黏度較低之流體或較短之混合器而言 ’該比例可減至1 /1 0或更少或甚至少到1 /20。 就具有將混合空間分成二等份之至少一對稱平面之安 裝體1而言，縱軸線配置於對稱平面中◊安裝體1包含至 少一壁元件2,3,4,8,9，其等用來分隔及/或使液流沿偏離 縱軸線之方向偏流。通常，液流沿壁元件兩側流動。 壁元件2具有第一寬側5，其大致遍及混合空間之寬 度或直徑延伸，其通常到達管狀殼體之壁部。壁元件2具 有第二寬側6，其配置於第一寬側5之下游。根據第1圖 -17- 201026479 ’第二壁元件8鄰接第二寬側6，且後續有一第三壁元件 3。第四壁元件9配置於第三壁元件3，且接著與第五壁 元件4鄰接。壁元件2具有相對於縱軸線10之傾斜角度 ，俾第一寬側5所形成二分流發生偏流。 根據一未圖示之更簡單變化例，相鄰安裝體〗01之壁 元件102可與第一壁元件2鄰接。相鄰安裝體1，101較佳 地彼此相對旋轉配置，特別是彼此相對旋轉90°配置。 因此，根據第1圖，安裝體1,101包含一系列壁元件 2,3,4，1 02,1 03，104，其等交替地相對於縱軸線10及平行 於縱軸線對準之中間件8,9，1〇8,109成一角度配置。安裝 體101相對於安裝體1旋轉18 0。配置。 第2圖顯示用於第二實施例之靜態混合器之安裝體1 。安裝體用來裝入管狀安裝體，於此情況下，其可選擇性 設成具有矩形或菱形橫剖面流動區域，或者亦具有圓形或 橢圓形橫剖面區域。該安裝體1包含一單一壁元件2，其 由具有矩形表面及對應壁厚之橫剖面區域23之板狀元件 製成。橫剖面區域23成爲具有與正交之平面21之板狀元 件之剖面區域，該縱軸線1 〇相當於板狀元件沿主要流動 方向之對稱軸。 行經無諸如安裝體之偏流安裝構件之混合空間的流動 應被界定爲主要流動方向。板狀元件具有一第一寬側5、 第二寬側6以及連接二寬側之第一和第二縱側25,3 5。第 一和第二寬側將壁元件2所涵蓋之混合空間20分成兩部 ，於第2圖情況下，分成兩半。爲使沿壁元件2之液流可 -18- 201026479 偏流，第一寬側5繞縱軸線1 Ο，相對於第二寬側6扭轉 ’俾二縱側25，35各形成一螺旋線或螺旋構造之表面。於 第2圖所示壁元件中，第—寬側5相對於第二寬側6旋轉 180° 。縱側25,35較佳地接觸環繞其等之管狀殻體，或 頂多與管狀殼體相隔小間隙，以避免液流之分流不會沿管 狀殻體之內壁受到干擾，並被排除於混合程序外。 可輪由至少又一安裝體101鄰接安裝體1;僅顯示橫 0 剖面區域1 2 3。橫剖面區域1 2 3之第一寬側1 〇 5相對於安 裝體1之第二寬側成一角度配置。於第2圖中，於橫剖面 流動區域1 2 2測得該角度達到9 0。。 第3圖顯示靜態混合器之又一實施例，其包含用來裝 入管狀殼體之安裝體1,101,201，301,401，501。第一安裝體 1由具有矩形橫剖面之板狀壁元件2製成，包含第一寬側 5、第二寬側6、第一縱側25及第二縱側35形成。第一 寬側5配置於代表橫剖面流動區域22之平面21，其與參 Φ 照第1圖界定之主要方向正交而配置。二縱側25,3 5亦與 管狀殻體接觸，其等於此情況下未圖示，或頂多與管狀殼 體隔一小間隙。 壁元件2具有將液流分成二分流之桿元件2 6之功能 ，除了於第一寬側5之邊緣之偏流外，此二分流之偏流可 忽視。因此，偏流元件27於下游鄰接桿元件26。偏流元 件27較佳地配置於平行於平面21對準之平面中，或相對 於該平面成一傾斜角度配置，該傾斜角度不大於6 0。， 較佳不大於45° ，尤佳不大於30° 。偏流元件27之表 -19- 201026479 面與平面21間之角度愈小，所需構造長度愈小，然而’ 壓力損失增加愈多。或者換百之：偏流兀件之表面大致配 置於一相對於縱軸線成45。至90° ’較佳6〇°至9〇°201026479 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a plastic static mixer comprising a mounting body for loading a tubular mixer housing. The mounting body has a longitudinal axis that aligns the direction of fluid flow into the mounting body, and the mounting body can encompass a mixing space. The mixing space has a cross-sectional flow region that is orthogonal to the longitudinal axis and which substantially corresponds to the cross-sectional flow region of the tubular mixer housing. The ampoule body includes a wall member for separating and/or biasing the liquid flow away from the longitudinal axis. The invention also relates to a method of making such a static mixer. [Prior Art] Such a static mixer is known, for example, from European Patent EP 1426099. In this static mixer, the two components are mixed with each other by a plurality of homogenous mixing elements in a three-step mixing process, in which the materials are first dispersed, then diffused by φ, and finally displaced. Depending on the physical nature of the ingredients, this mixing procedure must be performed several times. Therefore, a plurality of mounting bodies of the same configuration are sequentially disposed in the static mixer. These mixers are particularly useful for mixing small amounts, for example, from a few milliliters to about one milliliter. Therefore, such mixers have a mixing space of less than 10 mm in diameter and greater than 50 mm in length. As a result, the wall thickness of the wall elements of the mixing space can be less than 1 mm 'and often even less than 0.5 mm. The plastic static mixer according to the European patent EP 1426099' is preferably manufactured in an injection molding process. Using an injection molding process to make a 30 mm length -5 - 201026479, a mixer with a wall thickness of less than 3 mm was not possible in the past because the flow path from the injection point of the injection molding machine to the opposite end of the mixer is extremely high. The pressure inside the machine. To ensure that the wall elements of the mixer furthest from the injection point are also fully filled with polymer melt, a machine internal pressure greater than 1,000 bar is required. In the past, conventional injection molding machines were unable to withstand such high machine internal pressures when manufacturing thin wall static mixers of the above size. Therefore, it has not been possible to economically manufacture mixers having a wall thickness of less than 3 mm and a ratio of mixer length to wall thickness greater than 1 Torr in the injection molding process, especially plastic mixers. The formation of the shrinkage pattern is to be considered as a further problem of producing a known mixer having a mixer length to wall thickness ratio greater than 1 Torr by an injection molding process. Even with a machine internal pressure of more than 1,000 bar, it is not possible to exclude the static mixer having the configuration of the European patent EP1 42 6 09 9 B1. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide an improvement to the proposed static mixer and the proposed method, which can produce a static mixer having a smaller wall thickness and a larger length by an injection molding process. The object of the present invention is achieved by a static mixer manufacturing method using an injection molding process, comprising the steps of: injecting a polymer melt containing a blowing agent into a channel at an injection point of less than 500 bar; The polymer melt containing a blowing agent is filled in the passage; and in the passage, the polymer melt containing the blowing agent is at least partially foamed at a flow ratio of at least 1 Torr with respect to the wall thickness. Regarding the conventional injection molding process, a polymer containing a blowing agent is used in the manufacture of a static mixer of -6-201026479, which foams during injection or directly after injection. According to the present invention, the injection molding process is particularly included in an injection point having an injection pressure of less than 300 bar, particularly preferably less than 200 bar, and the polymer containing the blowing agent is injected into a passage. The method then includes the steps of: removing at least a partially foamed polymer melt containing a blowing agent in the cooling passage; solidifying φ to form a polymer melt of the static mixer; expanding the cross section of the passage prior to removing the static mixer . Injection of a polymer containing a blowing agent advantageously occurs from a single injection point. The polymer containing the blowing agent is foamed at least at the furthest from the injection point. Since the foamed plastic contains foam, the amount of polymer required to manufacture the mixer each time reduces the foamed plastic. These foams advantageously have an average diameter of not more than 100 μηη, preferably not more than 50 μηη, particularly preferably not more than 10 μηη. An injection molding machine for manufacturing a static mixer with a polymer melt containing a foaming agent includes a passage and an injection port for introducing a molten polymer containing a foaming agent into a passage, the passage having substantially The size of the mounting body for the static mixer, and the passage has a flow path ratio of at least 1 壁 with respect to the mounting body. The ratio of the wall thickness to the flow path of the mounting body is particularly greater than 50, preferably greater than 140, and particularly preferably greater than 180. The injection pressure in the injection port area is less than 500 bar. The injection pressure is preferably less than 300 bar, and more preferably less than 200 ar. The passage of the injection molding machine has a longitudinal axis substantially corresponding to the longitudinal axis of the static mixer mounting body, and is configured to flow substantially with the polymer melt. 201026479 A cross-sectional channel region orthogonal to the direction 'where the cross-sectional channel region has a width dimension and a thickness dimension. The thickness dimension generally corresponds to the intermediate wall thickness of the static mixer mounting body, and the passage has the geometry of the static mixer mounting body. The thickness dimension is not more than 2.5 mm ‘preferably not more than 2.3 mm, and particularly preferably not more than 2 mm. Depending on the geometry of the static mixer, the channel has a primary channel and a plurality of secondary channels. A first secondary passage has a shape of the plate member determined by the length of the secondary passage and by the width dimension and the thickness dimension. The length of the plate elements of the first secondary passage extends generally along the longitudinal axis of the passage. The cross-sectional channel regions covered by the width dimension and the thickness dimension are configured to be substantially orthogonal to the length. A second secondary passage having the shape of the plate member may be provided, wherein the thickness dimension extends substantially in the longitudinal axis direction, and the longitudinal dimension and the plane covered by the thickness dimension are disposed at an angle to the longitudinal axis. The plane, particularly an angle configurable at 90°, may comprise a curve, i.e., one of the longitudinal or width dimensions comprises an arc. According to a preferred embodiment of the injection molding machine, a mixing nozzle can be disposed upstream of the inlet of the inlet passage for homogenizing the polymer melt containing the blowing agent. The object of the present invention is achieved by a static mixer comprising a mounting body for receiving a tubular mixer housing having a longitudinal direction and dimensions. In the case of a non-circular tubular mixer housing, when the cross-sectional area of the tubular mixer housing -8 - 201026479 is square, the diameter corresponds to the length of the edge. With respect to other shapes of the tubular mixer housing, where the cross-sectional area of the tubular mixer housing is square, for example with a rectangular or elliptical cross-section, Da = 2* is used under the assumption that the cross-sectional area is circular. ( Α / Π ) 1/2 determines the equivalent diameter Da. Da represents a considerable diameter; A represents the actual cross-sectional area. The ratio of the length dimension to the diameter is at least 1 when the diameter of the circular section or the equivalent diameter of the non-circular section is used as the diameter. At least a portion of the mounting body φ is made of plastic. If a single mounting body is provided, the lengthwise dimension corresponds to the longitudinal side of the mounting body. If a plurality of mounting bodies are arranged behind each other, the length dimension is obtained from the sum of the longitudinal sides. The ratio of the length dimension to the diameter may in particular be greater than 3, preferably greater than 5, and especially preferably greater than 7. Static mixers of large construction lengths are particularly economical to manufacture due to the relatively low internal pressure of the machine. The lower internal pressure of the machine is caused by the plastic used as the foaming agent. The polymer is foamed during the injection molding process, so that at least part of the mounting body made of foamed plastic is present in the injection molding process. The last paragraph. For the mounting body used as a static mixer, the ratio of flow path to wall thickness is at least 1 〇. The ratio of the flow path to the wall thickness may in particular be greater than 50, preferably greater than 140, and particularly preferably greater than 180. The blowing agent-containing polymer has a lower viscosity than the comparable non-foaming agent polymer because the viscosity of the polymer is reduced by the polymer which may be present as a physical or chemical blowing agent. In particular, a polymer melt containing a physical gas, especially a supercritical gas such as co2, or a chemical blowing agent, may be used and present as a single phase melt. The foamed plastic has a unit cell size of less than 100 μηη and provides a cell density of more than at least about 106 cells/cm3 201026479. In order to manufacture a static mixer from foamed plastic, the flowable material is introduced into the injection molding machine under pressure. The injection molding machine defines a hollow space having the shape of a static mixer. In order to obtain a supercritical fluid solution in a foamed polymer, a shorter specific mixing time is required. The thinner wall thickness of the static mixer is a static mixer. In the first process step, the plastic pellet is melted in an extruder. . A blowing agent, for example in the form of a supercritical gas, in particular C〇2, is added. In one aspect, a blowing agent can be added to the selected position of the plasticizing screw by actuating a suitable venting regulating valve. The temperature and pressure of the blowing agent are adjusted to convert the blowing agent into a supercritical state. The foaming agent can also be preheated prior to introduction to avoid sudden temperature rise at higher temperatures. Instead, a blowing agent can be added outside of the plasticizing cylinder, particularly as a supercritical fluid. Next, the foaming agent is mixed with the polymer melt in a plasticizing cylinder by means of a plasticizing screw. This mixing procedure increases the diffusion of the blowing agent to the polymer until the blowing agent is saturated in the polymer. The contact area of the two materials is enlarged by the mixing procedure and thus reduces the penetration depth required for the diffusion procedure. Thus, the blowing agent is mixed with the molten polymer under the movement of a plasticizing screw which contributes to the formation of the blowing agent melt in the polymer. As long as the plasticizing screw rotates, a two-dimensional shear field is created in the blowing agent/polymer system to be mixed. In this regard, the foam produced by the blowing agent expands in the direction of shear. Under the disturbance of laminar flow, the expanded foam is broken into smaller spherical foams. Preferably, the plasticizing screw has irregularly configured vanes that cause the boundary of the blowing agent/polymer to change relative to the flow line to enhance the efficiency of the layered mixture. During the mixing process in which the static mixer can be used, the diffusion of the bubbles also occurs in the melt of the polymer -10- 201026479 surrounding each of the foams. The conversion of the two phase mixture into a single phase melt then occurs only in the diffusion chamber. In single-phase melts, the blowing agent concentration is approximately uniform and the bismuth melt can be considered homogeneous. After diffusion, the melt is quickly heated to nucleate in the saturated melt. It is to be noted that nucleation is a nucleation which represents the formation of a foam having an average unit cell size of at most 100 μηη. Since the degree of melting of the blowing agent in the polymer is lowered at this higher temperature, thermodynamic instability occurs under heating. As the temperature φ increases, the degree of melting decreases, the nucleation rate is larger, and the number of nucleating unit cells is more. Maintain high pressure so that these cells no longer grow in plasticized cylinders. Next, the melt having the nucleation unit cell is introduced into the hollow molding space of the injection molding machine. The pressure in the injection molding machine is controlled, for example, by introducing compressed air. The cell growth in the injection molding machine occurs only when the pressure in the injection molding machine drops rapidly due to pressure instability. Therefore, the flow resistance in the use of the foam-containing polymer is reduced. This, in turn, reduces the internal pressure of the machine so that the pressure load on the machine is within the allowable range of premature failure. However, for various reasons, • The use of static mixers for the production of such foaming agent-containing polymers in such long, thin-walled static mixers has been foreseen. On the one hand, it is not expected that such a thin-walled mixer having a complicated geometry can be produced by reducing the injection speed, which is caused by a decrease in the internal pressure of the machine. This phenomenon, which is known in the injection molding process, is referred to as cooling in the professional field. In this procedure, the solidification of the polymer melt injected into the injection molding machine occurs in the near wall region of the injection molding machine. This curing can be caused by a temperature gradient between the melt and the wall, but can also occur in a machine having the temperature of the polymer melt because the flow rate of the polymer melt is in the near wall area of the injection molding machine. - 201026479 The middle area is lower. The polymer melt flow through the injection molding machine corresponds to the flow through the passage. The flow curve of this flow rate is roughly parabolic. The axis of symmetry of the parabola corresponds to the central axis of the channel. The flow rate has a flaw in the wall portion of the injection molding machine. Due to this flow profile, the channels formed by the polymer in the injection molding machine have different residence times. The larger polymer melt residence time occurs in the wall region where the flow rate is low, and as a result, even if it is not cooled, a reaction such as a crosslinking reaction may occur inside the polymer melt. This results in a reduction in the channel profile that is still used for the flow of the polymer melt. The reduction of the channel profile is of little importance for components with a wall thickness greater than 3 mm, since the cooling is still limited to a small area near the wall of the channel, so that the polymer melt can flow through the injection molding machine without impeding wall thicknesses greater than 3 mm. Manufacturing ingredients. Each of the cross-sectional areas has a wall thickness, and the ratio of the length dimension to the wall thickness is at least 40, preferably at least 50, and more preferably at least 75. The cross-sectional area can intersect a plurality of wall elements, and the wall thickness of the crucible need not be clearly determined by pointing out the cross-sectional area alone. However, the actual wall thickness is decisive for the design of the injection molding machine. The thinner the wall thickness, the more pronounced the wall effect is on the polymer melt injection molding machine. A small wall thickness then provides a higher internal machine pressure. The static mixer may have a wall thickness of less than 3 mm, preferably less than 2 mm, and more preferably less than 1.5 mm, without exceeding the allowable internal pressure of the machine. In particular, the plurality of mounting bodies can be arranged behind each other along the longitudinal axis. These mounting bodies may have the same construction, or the mounting bodies of different configurations may be combined with each other to produce a mixer configuration as in European Patent EP 1312409 B1. The adjacent mounting bodies are preferably interconnected 'to make the mixer made up of the plurality of mounting bodies integral. This means that the mixer is manufactured in a single injection molding machine -12-201026479. The mounting body or the mounting body may have a longitudinal dimension of between 5 and 500 mm, preferably between 5 and 300 mm, and more preferably between 5 and 100 mm. Preferably, the static mixer is designed such that the mounting body has a longitudinal axis oriented in the direction of fluid flow into the mounting body such that the mixing space is covered by a mounting body having a cross-sectional flow region in a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal axis. It corresponds to the cross-sectional flow area of the tubular mixer housing. The mounting body includes φ a wall member for separating and/or biasing the flow in a direction away from the longitudinal axis, the cross-sectional area being traversable by the wall element intersecting the plane, the cross-sectional area being transverse to the mixing space The flow area is up to 1 /5, preferably up to 1/10, and most preferably up to 1/20. When using foamed plastics, it has been surprisingly found that the same flow path can be achieved with substantially low internal pressure of the machine. As a result of the use of the foamed plastic, the flow path can be made more elongated than conventional techniques, and a mixer having a large longitudinal length can be manufactured. The cross-sectional area of the wall member implemented in accordance with the first embodiment forms a Φ-wide side which can be divided into two sections. Thus, the fluid mixture stream is split into two splits which may be of the same size or different size depending on the position of the wide side of the mixing space. Of course, more than two wide sides can be formed, and two or more shunts are generated correspondingly. The cross section of the static mixer with the polymer melt containing the blowing agent changes frequently due to the complex geometry of the static mixer. These changes occur due to the geometry and configuration of the wall elements forming the mounting body of the static mixer, for which purpose a corresponding hollow space and passage must be provided in the injection molding machine. In this special case, the pressure adjustment in the injection molding machine is carried out. When the polymer melt containing the blowing agent is still in the presence of the single-phase melt, the injection of the internal gas is provided at the beginning of the program - 13 to 201026479. This pressure is reduced during the injection molding of the static mixer into the hollow molding space of the molding machine. A decrease in pressure occurs, and a bubble is formed during the ejection, particularly a foam having a cell diameter of less than i〇〇Hm and/or a cell density greater than at least about 1 unit cell/cm3. Since the foam has formed during the ejection, the viscosity of the polymer melt is lowered because the rising unit cell is generated in the two-phase state to become a foam containing the compressed gas. Therefore, this viscosity reduction can reduce the injection speed at a substantially lower machine pressure than the conventional injection molding process used for non-foam components. Especially in the wall of the polymer melt, the wall effect also occurs due to the lower viscosity. It is known that the near wall region of the injection molding machine has less or no foaming due to its substantially rectangular cross section. If the static mixer is formed in a polymer melt flow path, in particular by a mounting body according to one of the above or more precisely the following geometrical figures, a transfer point is produced at each edge of the wall element and at the transfer point to the next wall element In the large bias current, the polymer melt which is injected into the edge region of the opening of the molding machine in the first wall member flows into the second wall member, enters the central portion of the second wall member, and two-phase bubble formation occurs. Therefore, when the ejection pressure is lowered as the above arrangement of the adjacent wall members at an angle to each other, particularly the lateral arrangement of the adjacent wall members, the foam ascends as a whole along the longitudinal dimension of the mixer. According to a second embodiment, the wall member has a substantially rectangular shape and, according to a preferred embodiment, one of the first wide side faces is rotated at an angle relative to the first wide side to form a helical configuration. According to a third preferred embodiment, the wall element comprises a rod element having a first wide side forming a splitter edge 'and a second wide side abutting - a biasing element' which uses -14 - 201026479 from the first partition of the mixing space The bias flows into the second partition of the mixing space. The surface of the wall member defined by the first wide side and the second wide side is generally aligned in the direction of the longitudinal axis, and the surface of the biasing element is substantially adapted to a cross-section, particularly 45 of the longitudinal axis. To 90. Preferably, it is from 60° to 90°. , especially good to 75 ° to 90. alignment. According to a fourth particularly preferred embodiment having a small dead space and a reduced low pressure drop with high mixing performance, the mounting body comprises a plurality of wall elements, each wall element having a substantially rectangular cross section comprising a first wide side a second wide side and a first longitudinal side and a second longitudinal side. The wall member is disposed in the mounting body such that the longitudinal side extends substantially in the direction of the longitudinal axis, and the first wide side and the second wide side extend transversely to the longitudinal axis. The mounting body includes a first wall element that divides the mixing space into two parts. At least two wall elements that intersect the first wall element abut the first wall element. Preferably, the first wall member is coupled to the second wall member via at least one transfer member and to the third wall member. • The mixed product stream is biased by the transfer element so that the components entering the static mixer are continuously divided into thin strips of reduced width in the path through the static mixer, making it difficult to mix or have high viscosity components. Mixer processing. Adjacent mounting bodies are preferably interconnected via at least one connecting element. The configuration of the static mixer becomes stiff due to the connecting element so that the curve of the mixture relative to its longitudinal axis is less likely to occur and the mixture can be dispensed into the tube surrounding the mixing space. According to the foregoing embodiment, the mounting body can be combined as desired. -15- 201026479 The static mixer described above is suitable as a disposable mixer because the manufacturing and material costs are low once it is made into a corresponding injection molding machine. Moreover, static mixers are used for metering and/or mixing units. In particular, a multi-component crucible can be specified as an example comprising a discharge device and a tube coupled to the discharge device, and comprising a static mixer implemented in accordance with one of the above embodiments. The static mixer can be attached to a discharge unit or a discharge port, especially a multi-component crucible. Static mixers can be used to mix hardened mixed products of flowable ingredients. Yet another possible use of static mixers is in the dental field where a mixture of cast compounds or a mixture of multi-component adhesives is used. [Embodiment] Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of a static mixer according to the present invention. The static mixer includes a mounting body 1 which is mounted in a tubular housing (not shown). The tubular housing is used as a boundary between one of the mixing spaces 20 inside the tubular housing. The fluid to be mixed, usually composed of at least two different components, flows through the mixing space 20. Most of these ingredients are present in liquid or viscous form. It contains, for example, a paste, an adhesive, but also for use in the medical sector, containing cosmetic and food chemicals or fluids. Such static mixers are also particularly useful as disposable mixers for mixing hardened mixed products of flowable components, such as for mixing multi-component adhesives. Another preferred use of static mixers is in the mixing of cast composites in the dental field. The mounting body 1 itself has a stationary part '俾 the mixing process occurs through the flowing fluid itself. The lack of active mounting parts can be considered as the main cause of specifying this hybrid -16-201026479 as a static mixer. The mounting body 1 has a longitudinal axis 10 which is at the same time the longitudinal axis of the tubular housing. The longitudinal axis 10 is disposed in the main flow direction 'which is in the tubular housing without any flow of mounting parts or manifolds. The mounting body 1 in turn has a diameter 36. If the planes 21, 12 are taken at any desired point through the mixing spaces 20, 121 orthogonal to the longitudinal axis, a cross-sectional flow region 22, 122 substantially corresponding to the cross-sectional flow region of the unmounted component of the tubular mixer housing is obtained. It should be noted that in this respect, the mounting body 1 intersects the flat faces 21, 121 to obtain the cross-sectional areas 23, 123. Thus, the cross-sectional flow regions 22, 1 22 of the wall element region are less than the cross-sectional flow regions of the tubular mixer housing. The cross-sectional area is at most 1/5 of the cross-sectional flow area 22,122. In the design of the wall element it is intended to be designed to have as thin a wall as possible to minimize the amount of polymer material required to manufacture the body. For a fluid of a female viscous fluid or paste to be delivered via a mixer under high pressure, a cross-sectional area to a cross-sectional flow area of 1/5 is required. In this case, a certain degree of mechanical stability of the mixing device is required. For fluids with lower viscosity or shorter mixers, the ratio can be reduced to 1 / 10 or less or even at least 1 / 20. In the case of a mounting body 1 having at least one plane of symmetry dividing the mixing space into two equal parts, the longitudinal axis is arranged in a plane of symmetry. The mounting body 1 comprises at least one wall element 2, 3, 4, 8, 9 for use therein. To separate and/or deflect the flow in a direction away from the longitudinal axis. Typically, the flow flows along both sides of the wall element. The wall element 2 has a first wide side 5 that extends substantially the width or diameter of the mixing space, which typically reaches the wall of the tubular casing. The wall element 2 has a second wide side 6, which is arranged downstream of the first broad side 5. According to Fig. 1 -17 - 201026479 'the second wall element 8 abuts the second wide side 6, and subsequently has a third wall element 3. The fourth wall member 9 is disposed on the third wall member 3 and then abuts the fifth wall member 4. The wall element 2 has an oblique angle with respect to the longitudinal axis 10, and the bifurcation formed by the first wide side 5 is biased. According to a simpler variant, not shown, the wall element 102 of the adjacent mounting body 01 can be contiguous with the first wall element 2. The adjacent mounting bodies 1, 101 are preferably arranged in a rotationally opposite one another, in particular in a 90° relative rotation relative to one another. Thus, according to Fig. 1, the mounting body 1, 101 comprises a series of wall elements 2, 3, 4, 102, 103, 104 which are alternately aligned with respect to the longitudinal axis 10 and the intermediate piece 8 aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis, 9,1〇8,109 is configured at an angle. The mounting body 101 is rotated 180 with respect to the mounting body 1. Configuration. Fig. 2 shows the mounting body 1 for the static mixer of the second embodiment. The mounting body is used to load a tubular mounting body, in which case it may alternatively be provided with a rectangular or diamond cross-sectional flow area, or also with a circular or elliptical cross-sectional area. The mounting body 1 comprises a single wall element 2 made of a plate-like element having a rectangular surface and a cross-sectional area 23 of corresponding wall thickness. The cross-sectional area 23 becomes a cross-sectional area having a plate-like member with respect to the plane 21 of the orthogonal plane, and the longitudinal axis 1 〇 corresponds to the axis of symmetry of the plate-like element in the main flow direction. The flow through the mixing space without the biasing mounting members such as the mounting body should be defined as the primary flow direction. The plate element has a first wide side 5, a second wide side 6, and first and second longitudinal sides 25, 35 connecting the two wide sides. The first and second wide sides divide the mixing space 20 covered by the wall member 2 into two parts, and in the case of Fig. 2, are divided into two halves. In order to deflect the flow along the wall element 2 -18-201026479, the first wide side 5 is twisted about the longitudinal axis 1 Ο, and the second wide side 6 is twisted '俾 two longitudinal sides 25, 35 each forming a spiral or spiral The surface of the structure. In the wall member shown in Fig. 2, the first wide side 5 is rotated by 180° with respect to the second wide side 6. The longitudinal sides 25, 35 preferably contact the tubular casing surrounding them, or at least a small gap from the tubular casing to prevent shunting of the liquid flow from being disturbed along the inner wall of the tubular casing and being excluded from Outside the mixing program. At least one further mounting body 101 can be adjacent to the mounting body 1; only the cross-sectional area 1 2 3 is displayed. The first wide side 1 〇 5 of the cross-sectional area 1 2 3 is disposed at an angle with respect to the second wide side of the mounting body 1. In Fig. 2, the angle is measured to be 90 in the cross-sectional flow region 1 2 2 . . Figure 3 shows a further embodiment of a static mixer comprising mounting bodies 1, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501 for loading into a tubular housing. The first mounting body 1 is made of a plate-like wall member 2 having a rectangular cross section, and includes a first wide side 5, a second wide side 6, a first longitudinal side 25 and a second longitudinal side 35. The first wide side 5 is disposed on a plane 21 representing the cross-sectional flow region 22, which is disposed orthogonal to the main direction defined by Fig. 1 . The two longitudinal sides 25, 35 are also in contact with the tubular casing, which is equivalent to not shown in this case, or at most a small gap from the tubular casing. The wall element 2 has the function of splitting the flow into a splitter rod element 26, which is negligible except for the biasing of the edge of the first wide side 5. Thus, the biasing element 27 abuts the rod element 26 downstream. The biasing element 27 is preferably disposed in a plane aligned parallel to the plane 21 or at an oblique angle relative to the plane, the angle of inclination being no greater than 60. Preferably, it is not more than 45°, and particularly preferably not more than 30°. Table -19- 201026479 of the biasing element 27 The smaller the angle between the face and the plane 21, the smaller the required construction length, however, the more the pressure loss increases. Alternatively, the surface of the biasing element is disposed approximately at 45 with respect to the longitudinal axis. Up to 90°' preferably 6〇° to 9〇°
，尤佳75。至90。對準之橫切面。亦可知’偏流元件27 與第1圖之壁元件3 —致；然而，相較於第1圖之壁兀件 ，混合空間2 0被分成四分空間。流經之橫剖面被偏流元 件局部減少成此四分空間之二分空間。根據第3圖，當橫 剖面流動區域爲圓形時，此等分割空間之每一者爲扇形， 有一90。之開口。取而代之，當偏流元件27同樣被設計 用於具有正方形剖面之混合器殼體時，此等分割空間之每 一者亦具有正方形剖面。於此情況下，替代圖示偏流元件 之曲線，並因此係四邊形之偏流元件須設有與管狀殻體之 未圖示內壁相鄰之邊緣。 於第4圖中顯示靜態混合器之又一實施例，其中液流 可沿剖面分成二股以上分流。根據第4圖實施之塑膠靜態 混合器包含一用來裝入管狀混合器殼體之安裝體1’其中 安裝體1,101具有一縱軸線10，其對準流體流入安裝體 1，1〇1之方向’俾混合空間20，120可爲安裝體1，1〇1所涵 蓋，其中混合空間20,120在與縱軸線10正交之平面 21,121中具有大致相當於管狀混合器殼體之橫剖面流動區 域之橫剖面流動區域22,122，其中安裝體1，101包含用於 分隔及/或使液流沿偏離縱軸線之方向偏流之壁元件 2,3,4，102，1 03,1 04。橫剖面區域23，123可藉由壁元件 2，3,4,1 02,1 03,1 04與平面21，1 21相交而產生。該橫剖面 -20- 201026479 區域23，123相對於混合空間20,1 20之橫剖面流動區域 22，122最大爲1/5，較佳最大爲1/1〇，尤佳最大爲1/20。 安裝體1包含複數個壁元件2,3，4，各壁元件2,3，4具有大 致矩形橫剖面，其包含一第一寬側5、第二寬側6以及第 一和第二縱側25,3 5。壁元件2,3,4之每一者配置於安裝 體1中，使縱側2 5，3 5大致沿縱軸線1 〇之方向延伸，且 第一寬側5及第二寬側6橫切縱軸線延伸。安裝體包含將 φ 混合空間分成兩部之第一壁元件2。與第一壁元件2相交 之至少二壁元件3，4與第一壁元件2相鄰。於根據第4圖 之實施例中，相交角度爲90。，但可採用不同値。根據 第4圖，第一壁元件2經由至少一轉移元件11,12,13,111， 112,113連接於第二壁元件3及第三壁元件4。如業已於 第3圖中顯示，轉移元件可命名爲偏流元件，其使液流自 橫剖面流動區域之一分區流入另一分區。 相鄰安裝體1，1〇1可經由至少一連接元件14,15,114, 〇 1 1 5相互連接。此一連接元件增加靜態混合器之彎曲硬度 。而且，其確保經由連接元件，聚合物熔液可自第一安裝 體1流至第一安裝體101 (及其他配置於下游之安裝體） 。若無連接元件，自壁元件3或4至配置於下游之壁元件 1 02之轉移面即僅由共同相交表面構成，於此情況下，共 同相交表面由具有相當於壁厚之邊長之二正方形構成。用 在配置於下游之安裝體之聚合物溶液整體須行經此等限制 點，這會於機器中產生局部壓力峰値。此外，聚合物熔液 之長駐留時間會造成壁元件區域接近使用中的管狀殼體， -21 - 201026479 這會導致聚合物熔液於某些狀況下，在物理性質劣化及不 均下變化。特別是當使用含發泡劑之聚合物熔液來產生發 泡構造時’此等死空間對射出成型製程不利。 類似於第4圖所示方式’連接元件亦可設於根據第1 或2圖實施之實施例中，此等元件未圖示以簡化第1及2 圖。第3圖之轉移元件27亦滿足連接元件之功能。 根據第4圖，相鄰安裝體1，101繞縱軸線1〇成180。 旋轉。根據前述實施例之任一者，安裝體可依所欲組合。 特別是，亦可設置額外連接元件來將不同實施例之安裝體 相互組合，以形成複合構造以改進混合效果。 根據前述實施例之任一者，靜態混合器由塑膠製成， 藉此，可於射出成型製程中實現較複雜幾何形狀。安裝體 (1,101,201，301,…）全體具有縱長尺寸24，且橫剖面區 域23,1 23之每一者具有特別是用於包含複數個安裝體之 靜態混合器之壁厚7。縱長尺寸24相對於壁厚7之比例 至少爲4 0，較佳至少5 0，尤佳至少7 5。就用於小流體量 之靜態混合器之較佳使用而言’壁厚7小於3mm，較佳 小於2mm，尤佳小於1.5mm。安裝體1，101全體具有介於 5與 500mm，較佳介於 5與 300mm，尤佳介於 5與 1 00mm之縱長尺寸24。 依實驗，根據第四實施例實施之靜態混合器可製成縱 長尺寸60 mm及平均壁厚0.4 2 mm之發泡構造。因此’ 流路對壁厚之比例爲143 :1。此一混合器由12個安裝體 製成。 -22- 201026479 而且’根據第三實施例實施之靜態混合器可製成縱長 尺寸100 mm及平均壁厚〇.42 min之發泡構造。因此，流 路對壁厚之比例爲238: 1。此一混合器由24個安裝體製 成。 【圖式簡單說明】 以下將參考圖式解釋本發明。此等圖式係： 〇 第1圖顯示根據本發明，一混合器之第一實施例； 第2圖顯示根據本發明，一混合器之第二實施例； 第3圖顯示根據本發明，一混合器之第三實施例； 第4圖顯示根據本發明，一混合器之第四實施例。 【主要元件符號說明】 1，101，201，301 :安裝體 2,3，4,102,103,1〇4 :壁元件 © 5 :第一寬側 6 :第二寬側 7 :壁厚 8，9，1 0 8，1 0 9 :中間件 1〇 :縱軸線 11’12’13’111，112,113 :轉移元件 14,15,114,115:連接元件 20,120 :混合空間 21，121 :平面 -23- 201026479 22,1 22 :橫剖面流動區域 2 3,1 2 3 :橫剖面區域 24 :縱長尺寸 25 :第一縱側 26 :桿元件 27 :偏流元件（轉移元件） 3 5 :第二縱側, especially good 75. To 90. Align the cross section. It is also known that the biasing element 27 is identical to the wall element 3 of Fig. 1; however, the mixing space 20 is divided into four spaces compared to the wall element of Fig. 1. The cross section flowing through is locally reduced by the biasing element into a binary space of this quadrant. According to Fig. 3, when the cross-sectional flow area is circular, each of the divided spaces has a sector shape with a 90. The opening. Instead, when the biasing element 27 is also designed for a mixer housing having a square cross-section, each of the divided spaces also has a square cross-section. In this case, instead of the curve of the illustrated biasing element, and thus the quadrilateral biasing element, it is necessary to provide an edge adjacent to the inner wall of the tubular casing, not shown. A further embodiment of a static mixer is shown in Figure 4, in which the flow can be split into two or more splits along the section. The plastic static mixer according to Fig. 4 comprises a mounting body 1' for loading a tubular mixer housing, wherein the mounting body 1, 101 has a longitudinal axis 10 which is aligned with the flow of fluid into the mounting body 1, 1〇1 The '俾 mixing space 20, 120 may be covered by the mounting body 1, 1 '1, wherein the mixing spaces 20, 120 have a transverse cross-sectional flow area substantially corresponding to the tubular mixer housing in the plane 21, 121 orthogonal to the longitudinal axis 10. The profile flow areas 22, 122, wherein the mounting body 1, 101 comprises wall elements 2, 3, 4, 102, 103, 104 for separating and/or biasing the flow in a direction away from the longitudinal axis. The cross-sectional areas 23, 123 can be created by intersecting the wall elements 2, 3, 4, 102, 103, 104 with the planes 21, 1 21 . The cross section -20-201026479 The area 23,123 with respect to the mixing space 20,1 20 has a cross-sectional flow area 22,122 of at most 1/5, preferably at most 1/1 〇, and particularly preferably at a maximum of 1/20. The mounting body 1 comprises a plurality of wall elements 2, 3, 4, each wall element 2, 3, 4 having a generally rectangular cross section comprising a first wide side 5, a second wide side 6, and first and second longitudinal sides 25, 3 5. Each of the wall elements 2, 3, 4 is disposed in the mounting body 1 such that the longitudinal sides 25, 35 extend substantially in the direction of the longitudinal axis 1 ,, and the first wide side 5 and the second wide side 6 are transversely cut. The longitudinal axis extends. The mounting body includes a first wall member 2 that divides the φ mixing space into two parts. At least two wall elements 3, 4 intersecting the first wall element 2 are adjacent to the first wall element 2. In the embodiment according to Fig. 4, the angle of intersection is 90. , but different 値 can be used. According to Fig. 4, the first wall element 2 is connected to the second wall element 3 and the third wall element 4 via at least one transfer element 11, 12, 13, 111, 112, 113. As shown in Figure 3, the transfer element can be termed a biasing element that divides the flow from one of the cross-sectional flow regions into another. The adjacent mounting bodies 1, 1〇1 can be connected to each other via at least one connecting element 14, 15, 114, 〇 1 15 . This connecting element increases the bending stiffness of the static mixer. Moreover, it ensures that the polymer melt can flow from the first mounting body 1 to the first mounting body 101 (and other downstream mounting bodies) via the connecting elements. If there is no connecting element, the transfer surface from the wall element 3 or 4 to the downstream wall element 102 is formed only by the common intersecting surface. In this case, the common intersecting surface is composed of two sides having the same wall thickness. Square composition. The polymer solution used in the downstream mounting body must pass through these limits, which creates a local pressure peak in the machine. In addition, the long residence time of the polymer melt causes the wall element area to approach the tubular housing in use, -21 - 201026479 which causes the polymer melt to change under certain conditions due to deterioration and uneven physical properties. In particular, when a polymer melt containing a blowing agent is used to produce a foaming structure, such dead spaces are disadvantageous for the injection molding process. Similar to the manner shown in Fig. 4, the connecting elements may be provided in the embodiment implemented according to the first or second embodiment, and these elements are not shown to simplify the first and second figures. The transfer element 27 of Figure 3 also fulfills the function of the connection element. According to Fig. 4, the adjacent mounting bodies 1, 101 are twisted 180 about the longitudinal axis 1. Rotate. According to any of the foregoing embodiments, the mounting body can be combined as desired. In particular, additional connecting elements may be provided to combine the mounting bodies of different embodiments with each other to form a composite construction to improve the mixing effect. According to any of the foregoing embodiments, the static mixer is made of plastic, whereby a more complex geometry can be achieved in the injection molding process. The mounting bodies (1, 101, 201, 301, ...) all have an elongate dimension 24, and each of the cross-sectional areas 23, 1 23 has a wall thickness 7, in particular for a static mixer comprising a plurality of mounting bodies. The ratio of the elongate dimension 24 to the wall thickness 7 is at least 40, preferably at least 50, and particularly preferably at least 75. For preferred use of a static mixer for small fluid quantities, the wall thickness 7 is less than 3 mm, preferably less than 2 mm, and more preferably less than 1.5 mm. The entire body 1, 101 has a length dimension 24 of between 5 and 500 mm, preferably between 5 and 300 mm, and more preferably between 5 and 100 mm. According to experiments, the static mixer constructed according to the fourth embodiment can be made into a foamed structure having a length of 60 mm and an average wall thickness of 0.42 mm. Therefore, the ratio of the flow path to the wall thickness is 143:1. This mixer is made up of 12 mounting bodies. -22- 201026479 Further, the static mixer constructed according to the third embodiment can be made into a foamed structure having an elongated dimension of 100 mm and an average wall thickness of 42.42 min. Therefore, the ratio of the flow path to the wall thickness is 238:1. This mixer consists of 24 installation systems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The present invention will be explained below with reference to the drawings. The drawings are: Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of a mixer according to the invention; Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of a mixer according to the invention; Figure 3 shows a first embodiment according to the invention A third embodiment of the mixer; Figure 4 shows a fourth embodiment of a mixer in accordance with the present invention. [Main component symbol description] 1,101,201,301: Mounting body 2,3,4,102,103,1〇4: Wall member © 5: First wide side 6: Second wide side 7: Wall thickness 8, 9, 1 0 8,1 0 9 : Middle piece 1〇: longitudinal axis 11'12'13'111, 112, 113: transfer element 14, 15, 114, 115: connecting element 20, 120: mixing space 21, 121: plane -23- 201026479 22, 1 22 : Cross-sectional flow region 2 3,1 2 3 : cross-sectional region 24: longitudinal dimension 25: first longitudinal side 26: rod element 27: biasing element (transfer element) 3 5 : second longitudinal side
-24--twenty four-