TW201000110A - Method of differentiating mammalian progenitor cells into insulin producing pancreatic islet cells - Google Patents
Method of differentiating mammalian progenitor cells into insulin producing pancreatic islet cells Download PDFInfo
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- TW201000110A TW201000110A TW098116877A TW98116877A TW201000110A TW 201000110 A TW201000110 A TW 201000110A TW 098116877 A TW098116877 A TW 098116877A TW 98116877 A TW98116877 A TW 98116877A TW 201000110 A TW201000110 A TW 201000110A
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Classifications
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- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
Description
201000110 六、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術々貝域】 本案請求提申於2008年5月22日之美國臨時申請案第 61/055,341號的優先權,其全部内容併人本文作為參考。 發明領域 本發明-般地係關於將特定細胞類型之哺乳動物祖源 細胞分化成另-細胞類型。詳言之,本發明係關於將哺乳 動物祖源細胞,包括幹細胞,分化成胰島素生產性胰島細 胞之方法。 I:先前技術1 發明背景 糖尿病係美國中發病率與致死率之主要原因之一。罹 患糖尿病的病人具有代謝失調及異常升高之血糖位準(如 高血糖症),其導因於低度之胰島素生產。 胰臟中之蘭氏小島(islets of Langerhans)所發現的β 細胞(胰島β細胞)可生產胰島素。在第一型及(至較少程度) 第二型糖尿病中,胰島素生產之缺乏可歸因於功能性胰島 素生產性島細胞之不足量。此細胞喪失之原因可為病毒 性、化學性及/或自體免疫攻擊及細胞之破壞。 基於此病因學’嘗試藉由以施予者胰細胞補充喪失的 或受傷的細胞而反轉或預防糖尿病之發病已被執行。當此 類以細胞為基礎的療法顯示出希望時,胰細胞之供應,特 別是人類胰細胞,係處於無止盡的供應不足,就量與質、 用於研究及/或移植方面皆然。本發明提供一方法以增加此 201000110 供應不s ’部分地,藉由使來自任何組織之祖源細胞的利 用而能夠達錢島素生產性騰細胞,該任何域包括 組織。 【明内】 發明概要 本發明提供一用於將祖源細胞分化成胰島素生產性胰 細胞之方法,該方法包含:(a)將袓源細胞定溫培養於包含 2麵ol/L丁酸鈉鹽之無血清預誘導培養基;及接著,化)將 祖源細胞定溫培養於包含剔除替換灰清之誘導丨立養美,及 經歷一段足夠將祖源細胞分化成胰島素生產性胰細胞之時 間。祖源細胞可為肝臟幹細胞、臍帶基質幹細胞或脂肪幹 細胞。較佳地’祖源細胞係衍生自人類組織。此誘導培養 基可進一步包含約2°/。剔除替換血清。 本發明之另一實施例提供一用於試管内(以竹>〇)評估 一化合物之毒性的方法’該方法包含將分化自根據本發明 的祖源細胞之類胰島β細胞與該化合物接觸,及測量該類騰 島β細胞之存活率,其中在該化合物存在下相較於該化合物 不存在下存活率之降低顯示該化合物係於體内有 毒的。 本發明之又一實施例提供一於試管内(z>2 Wir〇)評估— 化合物之活性的方法,該方法包含將分化自根據本發明的 祖源細胞之代謝上具活性的類胰島β細胞與該化合物接 觸,及測量該類胰島β細胞之代謝活性,其中在該化合物存 在下相較於該化合物不存在下代謝活性之降低或增加顯示 201000110 該化合物係於體内(i>7 V/VO)具有活性。 本發明之又再一實施例提供一用於治療有此需求之個 體的胰臟中β胰島細胞之喪失或耗盡的方法,該方法包含將 一族群之分化自根據本發明的臍帶基質細胞之類胰島β細 胞投藥予該個體。該病患可被診斷有糖尿病。 本發明之又再另一實施例提供一藥物篩選套組,該套 組包含一組本發明的類胰島β細胞及至少一用於測量胰島 素生產及/或基因表現之試劑。於一實施例中,該套組包含 至少一用於培養祖源細胞衍生之類胰島β細胞的培養基。 圖式簡單說明 第1圖提供取自於已分化成與本發明相符的類胰島β細 胞之人類肝臟幹細胞的CDNA之PCR分析結果。第1道 (Pdx)、第2道(胰島素)、第3道(昇糖素)、第4道(體抑素)、 第5道(glut2)、第6道(GADPH,控制組)。 第2圖顯示來自於已分化成與本發明相符的類胰島β細 胞之人類UCM細胞的胰島素生產之免疫組織染色。棕色(深 色)染色表明胰島素之存在。(10Χ放大) 第3圖提供取自於已分化成與本發明相符的類胰島β細 胞之人類UCM細胞的cDNA之PCR分析結果。由左至右:第 1道- Pdx-Ι、第2道-昇糖素、第3道-胰島素、第4道-glut2、第5道-體抑素、第6道-GAPDH(控制組)。 第4圖係一顯示由已分化成與本發明相符的類胰島β細 胞之人類UCM細胞分泌至培養基(第5日)之胰島素的量之 圖表。NSB :非專一性結合(控制組) 201000110 I:實施方式3 較佳實施例之詳細說明 本發明提供一將來自於胰臟或非胰臟組織之祖源細胞 分化成胰島素生產性胰細胞之方法。任何組織之祖源細 胞,包括脂肪袓源細胞、肝祖源細胞及臍帶基質祖源細胞, 可藉由利用本發明之教示而誘導以分化成胰島素生產性胰 細胞。 該用語「祖源細胞」係於此處廣泛地使用以界定具有 分化成更「成熟」細胞能力之任何細胞。因此,該用語「分 化」不僅代表單一細胞類型/譜系(例如肝臟幹細胞至肝母細 胞)中細胞之「成熟化」,且替代地,亦代表細胞自一類型/ 言普系至另一種(例如肝細胞至胰細胞)之「轉變」。 經由示例,該用語「肝祖源細胞」,如於此處所使用係 廣泛地界定以包括不完全成熟(如已分化)的肝細胞或膽細 胞之任何細胞。因此,「肝祖源細胞」包含肝臟幹細胞及其 子代與未成熟子代兩者。「子代」可包括自我複製肝臟幹細 胞、肝母細胞、由其而來之雙能祖源細胞及已指定為將分 化成特定細胞類型(例如已指定膽細胞之祖源細胞或肝細 胞)之祖源細胞。根據本發明,肝祖源細胞亦可「分化」成 胰細胞。 當大部分,如果不是全部,此處祖源細胞之討論與示 例將會與人類衍生之細胞族群(成人及胎兒兩者)有關,此處 之教示不應被侷限於人類。事實上,熟習此藝者可被預期 應用此處之教示至來自一般的哺乳動物(例如小鼠、大氣、 201000110 °…)的祖源細皰之分離及分化。據此,本發明之範圍 係意欲包括任何及財哺乳動物之祖源細胞。 肝祖源細胞
每一個前述之肝袓源細胞(例如「幹細胞」、「肝母細胞」或 肝細胞」)族群可藉由其之相對大小及/或於該相對族群獨特 之標記的特定配置而鑑別。見如下表j。 肝幹細胞 肝母細胞 成人肝細胞 (成人膽細胞) 大小(μΜ) 7-9 10-12 17-25 EpCAM + + + -·. —--- ~ ++ (++) AFP — +++ (-) 白蛋白 + ++ + + + (-) CK19 + + + ++ (++)—一 緊密連接蛋白3 (Claudin 3) +++ - (+) 端粒酶 +++ +++ ++ (n.t.) 音與印度刺蜎因子 (Sonic and Indian Hedgehog) +++ + + (-) I-CAM1 — + + + _)--1- (+) _ N-CAM +++ —- (--) - MDR3 - (+++) P450-3A4 — +++ (,) _ EpCAM=表皮細胞黏附分子;CK19=細胞角質蛋白19,膽專一性細 胞角質蛋白;ΚΑΜ=細胞間黏附分子;NC AM=神經細胞黏附分子; 201000110 MDR3=多重抗藥性基因同型體3(涉及膽汁運輸) P450-C3A4=細胞色素P450 3A4 ; Claudin3 =緊密連接蛋白(同型體3) 肝臟幹細胞(HSC)係於胎兒及新生兒肝臟中之管道板 (亦稱為限制板)及小兒與成人肝臟中之赫林氏管(Canah 〇f Hering)發現且顯示藉端粒酶之表現而自我複製的證據,以 及當移植時能夠形成成熟肝細胞之多能細胞。這些細胞係 EpCAM+、NCAM+、ALB+、CK8/18+ ' CK19+、CD133/1 + 且係對於所有所測試之造血標記(例如CD34、CD38、 €〇45、0〇14)、間葉細胞標記(匸〇146、¥£〇?1*、€〇31)及 對於P450或α-胎兒蛋白之表現陰性。HSC已被發現可引發 成肝母細胞及已指定為(單能)膽之袓源細胞。 肝母細胞(ΗΒ)係發現於整個胎兒與新生兒肝臟實質, 且為卓一細胞或限定於赫林氏管(Canals of Hering)末端之 細胞小聚集體的多能細胞。HB衍生自HSC。HB共享許多呈 現在HSC上之抗原’但具有重要的區別。例如,ΗΒ不表現 NCAM而不是ICAM,且其等表現顯著量之α_胎兒蛋白及胎 兒型的Ρ450。ΗΒ引發成單能祖源細胞、已指定為肝之細胞 及膽祖源細胞。 已指定為肝之祖源細胞係肝細胞及膽譜系之單能祖源 細胞。其之抗原輪廓與ΗΒ之抗原輪廓重疊;然而,已指定 為膽之祖源細胞表現CK19但不表現AFP或ALB,而已指定 為肝細胞之祖源細胞卻表現AFP及ALB但不表現CK19。已 指定為膽之祖源細胞係直接衍生自肝臟幹細胞以及亦衍生 自肝母細胞。 201000110 間葉細胞(MC)包括許多不同間葉細胞類型之處於各種 譜系階段的細胞(所列者為成熟細胞及括號中為其前驅細 胞):包括間質(間葉幹細胞)、内皮(血管母細胞)、星狀細胞 (星狀細胞前驅細胞)及各種造血細胞(造血幹細胞)。 肝祖源細胞之分離 適合用於與本發明相符之試管内(ζ·« Wiro)分離及分化 的肝祖源細胞係不侷限於由任何特定方法所分離或鑑別 φ 者。經由示例,用於肝祖源細胞分離及鑑別的方法已描述 於,例如,美國專利案第6,069,005號及美國專利申請案第 09/487,318 號;第 10/135,700 號;第 10/387,547 號及第 11/56〇,〇49號’其全部揭示内容係併入本文以為參考。 肝臟幹細胞及肝母細胞具有特徵性的抗原輪廓且可依 前述的規則而分離。例如,肝臟幹細胞及肝母細胞共享許 多抗原(例如細胞角質蛋白8、18及19、白蛋白、^^^^及 表皮細胞黏附分子(「EpCAM」)且係對於造血標記(例如血 ❹ 型醣蛋白A、CD34、CD38、CD45、CD14)及間葉細胞標記 (例如 CD146、CD31、VEGFr或 KDR)陰性。 替代地,肝臟幹細胞及肝母細胞可藉由大小(幹細胞係 Μ〆肝母細胞係1〇_12㈣、藉由培養時之形態(幹細胞 形成緻密、形態上不均勻之群落,而肝母細胞形成散佈有 清晰通道,該通道推定為小管之類索狀結構)、藉由特定抗 原表現模式中之區別(EpCAM係表現於整個肝臟幹細胞但 係侷限於肝母細胞之細胞表面)或藉由區別的抗原輪廊 (N-CAM係存在於肝臟幹細胞中,而…胎兒蛋白聯 201000110 IC顯係、崎仙_纽)㈣此區別。 於實把例中’初代肝臟幹細胞係以如上所描述之方 法自人類肝臟獲仔。簡言之,全肝臟肝細胞之單一細胞懸 浮液係獲得且單獨的植於組織培養_盤上,或是於包含 膠原蛋白與基膜素之胞外蛋白質的基質上。細胞而後定溫 培養於包含企清之培養基中,歷一段使懸浮細胞貼附於盤 上之必要時間(通常丨_2曰)。 隨即,含有血清之培養基係移除且以「久保田浩培養 基」(Hiroshi Kubota’s Media)(HK)取代,其係無血清,且補 ❹ 充有特定生長因子。更詳言之,HK係一無血清基礎培養基 (例如RPMI 1640),其不含有銅、低鈣(< 〇 5 mM)且補充有 胰島素(5 pg/ml)、轉鐵蛋白/鐵(5 gg/mi)、高密度脂蛋白(丄〇 pg/ml)、砸(10-1〇 Μ)、鋅(10-12 Μ)及7.6 μΕ之結合至純化 白蛋白的游離脂肪酸之混合物。用於製備此培養基之詳細 方法已於他處發表’例如Kubota H, Reid LM,Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 2000;97:12132-12137,其全部揭示内容係併入本文以為參 考。 於此等條件下,於一段5-14日之時間,肝臟幹細胞群 落相對快速地於盤上形成。 戚·帶基質祖源細胞 臍帶基質(UCM)祖源細胞可使用任何此藝中習知的技 術,例如描述於美國專利案第5,919,702號及美國專利申請 案第20040130967號及第20080019949號,而分離,其全部 10 201000110 揭示内容係併入本文以為參考。ucm細胞(亦稱為瓦頓氏凝 膠細胞(Whartons Jelly Cells))可被發現於近乎任何具臍帶 的動物中,且可自其中所收集的瓦頓氏凝膠(Whart〇n,sjelly) 中獲得。自獲自與發育中胎兒或新生兒相關的臍帶之瓦頓 氏凝膠(Wharton’s jelly)中獲得UCM幹細胞可能是有利的, 因為細胞之「胎兒」本質,其可將該細胞及/或自其分化而 來之騰島素生產性胰細胞的任何免疫排斥作用降至最低。 0 結果,對於用於任何有需要的個體,這類細胞對於騰島細 胞或類β細胞之生產可用為「普偏存在之施予者細胞」。
全UCM細胞係分離自臍帶且加至含有刺激UCM細胞 ' 生長而不分化的因子之培養基中,且允許,當培養時,UCM 幹細胞選擇性的貼附至基材表面。此檢體_培養基混合物係 被培養且非黏附物質係自基材表面移除。任何適當類型之 培養基可使用以分離本發明之UCM細胞,且培養基可補充 以一或多種組份,包括,例如血清。 參 在培養細胞一段足夠的時間,例如約10-12日,之後, 存在於外植組織中之UCM衍生幹細胞將會趨向自組織生長 出來,為自其遷移或細胞分裂或是兩者之結果。這些Ucm 衍生幹細胞可而後被移至含有相同新鮮培養基或如最初所 使用之不同類型培養基的各別培養器皿中,其中UCM衍生 幹細胞之族群可細胞分裂地擴張。 於一培養UCM衍生幹細胞之實施例中,臍帶組織區段 係放置於含有玻璃載玻片於培養皿之底部上的組織培養皿 中且培養於Dulbecco's MEM加上20% FBS ;或是含有1〇〇/0 201000110 FBS、5%胚胎幹細胞級FBS及抗微生物化合物之RPMi 1640。組織係較佳地定溫培養於37-39 C及5%C02歷1〇-i2 曰。 於另一實施例中,完全切解及清除血液之臍帶係被酵 素地(例如以40 U/mL玻尿酸酶及0.4 mg/mL膠原蛋白酶之 溶液)及機械地(例如以杵及40網篩)消化。由此獲得之單— 細胞懸浮液係懸浮於合成培養基(DM)中,其含有58%低葡 萄糖DMEM、40% MCDB201 (Sigma, St. Louis, Mo.)、lx胰 島素-轉鐵蛋白-石西-A (Invitrogen, Carlsbad,Calif.)、0.15 mg/mL AlbuMAX I (Invitrogen,Carlsbad, Calif.)、1 nM地塞 美松(dexamethasone)、100 uM抗壞血酸 2-磷酸鹽、100 U 盤尼西林、1000 U 鏈黴素、2% FBS、10 ng/mL EGF及 10 ng/mL血小板衍生生長因子BB (PDGF-BB)。該細胞而後被 種植且於DM中擴張。 本發明思及一旦幹細胞已於培養中建立,其之作為對 於成熟細胞或細胞株之祖源細胞s的能力可被維持,例如, 藉由當細胞培養達到適當密度或匯合百分比時,定期繼代 至新鮮培養基;或藉由以適當的生長因子處理;或藉由培 養基或培養規則之修飾;或藉由上述之某些組合。 脂肪幹細胞 自脂肪組織衍生脂肪幹細胞(A S C )之方法已呈現於美 國專利案第6153432號、第6391297號、第6429013號、第 6555374號、第 6841150號、第 7001746號及第 7033587號, 其全部揭示内容係併入本文以為參考。簡言之,於一示例 201000110 中’ 一旦獲得組織,其係受到差別離心且於培養中擴張。 單一公克之組織在培養24小時内典型地產出5〇,〇00顆至 100,000顆之間的幹細胞。擴張培養基較佳地包含6〇% DMEM (低葡萄糖)及40% MCDB-201,其補充有10〇/〇胎牛血 清(FBS) ; 5 pg/ml胰島素;5 pg/ml轉鐵蛋白及5 ng/mi硒; 1〇9 Μ地塞美松(dexamethasone); 10 ng/ml表皮生長因子 (EGF),1〇4 Μ抗壞血酸-2-磷酸鹽;1〇〇 u/ml盤尼西林; 及100 U/ml鏈黴素。不被理論約束或束缚,EGF添加至培養 基可促進A S C對之後分化成胰島素生產性胰島細胞之能力 係受到相信的。抗壞血酸-2-磷酸鹽可能對ASC具有類似效 果。 祖源細胞分化成胰島素生產性胰細胞 如此處所使用,該用語「類胰島β」細胞或「胰島素生 產性肤島」細胞代表表現至少兩種對胰島β細胞具指示性之 標記的細胞。例證的胰島β細胞標記包括,但不侷限於,騰 十一指腸同源框_ 1 (PDX-1)、騰島素、體抑素、葡萄糖轉運 蛋白-2 (glut2)、肝酷、殿粉酶及神經元素(neur〇genin) 3 (Ngn3)之表現。進一步例證的標記包括形態學特徵,例如 球狀外型。更進一步例證的標記s包括例如胰島素生產之特 徵。因此,於特定實施例中,類胰島β細胞表現更成熟的胰 島β細胞功能,例如胰島素之生產。 於特定實施例中,本發明之類肝細胞表現兩種或多種 如此處所描述之肝細胞標記。於另一實施例中,類胰島β 細胞表現三種或多種如此處所描述之胰島β細胞標記。於特 13 201000110 疋實施例中’本發明之類胰島p細胞表現五種、六種、七種、 八種、九種、十種或更多如此處所描述之肝細胞標記。如 可被熟習此藝者所領會,本發明之類胰島β細胞亦可表現其 他已知標記或功能。
於一實施例中’祖源細胞係利用下列方法而分化:在 誘導之前’袓源細胞係培養於一段足夠使其於合成培養基 中貼附至組織培養皿之時間,該合成培養基含有:〇5_ 1〇 g/L低(較佳地 ’ 1 g/L)葡萄糖dmem、MCDB201 pH 7.4、lx 胰島素-轉鐵蛋白-石西(ITS,Invitrogen)、〇·1 _ 5 mg/mL (較 佳地 0.15 mg/mL)白蛋白(例如 Aibumax,Invitrogen)、0.5 -5 nM (較佳地,丨 nM)地塞美松(dexamethas〇ne)、25 _ 25〇 μΜ (較佳地,1〇〇 μΜ)抗壞血酸_2_鱗酸鹽、5 _ 5〇 ng/mL (較 佳地 ’ 10 ng/mL) EGF、5 — 5〇 ng/mL (較佳地,1〇 ng/mL) PDGF ' 1 - 5% (較佳地’ 2%)簡及盤尼西林/鏈黴素 (Pen/Strep)。祖源細胞而後於預誘導培養基培養約%小時, s亥預誘導培養基含有:無灰清Isc〇ve,s M〇dified
Dulbecco's
Medium (IMDM) ' 1 - 5 mM (較佳地,2應)丁酸鈉鹽及盤 尼西林/鏈黴素。細胞而後培養於分化培養基歷3至36小 時,但較佳地歷約24小時或更多小時,該分化培養基含有 IMDM、1 _ 5% (較佳地,2%)剔除替換血清(KSR, Gibc〇) 及盤尼西林/鏈黴素。 丁酸納鹽係有效的組織蛋白去乙醯酶抑制劑 (HDACI),其調節許多基因之表現。其他適合用於本發明 之HDACI係丁酸苯酯、視黃酸、偉伯益酸、ApHA化合物8、 14 201000110 阿比西定(Apicidin)、(-)-第普第辛((-)-Depudecin)、史骨利 塔得(Scriptaid)、奢第諾(Sirtinol)及曲古菌素(Trichostatin)。 於另一實施例中,祖源細胞係利用下列方法而分化: 在誘導之前,祖源細胞係培養於一段足夠使其於合成培養 基中貼附至組織培養孤之時間,該合成培養基含有:低(1 g/L)葡萄糖DMEM、MCDB201 pH 7.4、lx胰島素-轉鐵蛋白 -石西(ITS, Invitrogen)、0.15 g/mL Albumax (Invitrogen)、1 nM 地塞美松(Dexamethasone)、100 μΜ抗壞血酸-2-填酸鹽、10 φ ng/mL EGF、10 ng/mL PDGF、2% FBS及盤尼西林/鏈黴素 (Pen/Strep)。祖源細胞而後於預誘導培養基培養約24小時,
- 該預誘導培養基含有:「低」1 g/L葡萄糖-DMEM、5 - 25 mM . (較佳地’ 10 mM)終驗酿胺、〇·5 - 5 mM (較佳地,1 mM) β- 酼基乙醇、2% FBS及盤尼西林/鏈黴素。細胞而後培養於分 化培養基歷10或更多小時’該分化培養基含有無血清1 g/L 葡萄糖-DMEM、10 mmol/L於驗醯胺、1 mmol/L β-疏基乙 ▲ 醇及盤尼西林/鏈黴素。 祖源細胞可於支架存在下分化,以在分化間達到細胞 之二-維培養。支架材料可包含天然產生之組份或可包含有 合成材料,或兩者。支架材料亦可為生物相容的。例證的 支架材料包括胞外基質及此處所描述的材料。其他可使用 於本發明背景之支架材料包括但不侷限於下列之一者或二 或更多之混合物:膠原蛋白(例如第I、ΙΠ ' IV、V及VI型膠 原蛋白)、明膠、海藻酸鹽、纖維結合素、基質素、内動素 /巢蛋白、腱生蛋白、凝血栓蛋白、SPARC、粗纖維調節素、 15 201000110 蛋白醣、葡萄糖胺聚糖(例如玻尿酸、硫酸乙醯肝素、硫酸 軟骨素、硫酸角質素及硫酸皮膚素)、聚丙烯、TER聚合物、 海藻酸鹽-聚L-離胺酸、硫酸軟骨素、幾丁聚糖、MATRIGEL (Becton-Dickinson)或其他商業上可得的胞外基質材料。 於一特定實施例中,用於將UCM分化成類肝細胞之胞 外基質係第I型膠原蛋白。塗覆有膠原蛋白之盤m係自 Becton-Dickinson商業上可得的。 祖源細胞係培養於一或多種此處所描述之培養基歷一 段足夠表現下列標記至少兩者之時間:PDX-1、胰島素、 體抑素、glut2、肝醣、澱粉酶及Ngn3 ;形態特徵例如圓形 及胰島素生產。 於一特定實施例中’祖源細胞係藉由於第I型膠原蛋白 基質上培養於包含2°/。KSR及盤尼西林/鏈黴素2IMDM分 化培養基中而分化成胰島素生產性胰島細胞。 該細胞係典型地培養於一段足夠獲得類胰島β細胞功 能性質例如姨島素生產之時間。就此點而言,利用該技藝 中之習知技術,分化係藉由測量功能性質例如胰島素生產 而評估。胰島素係僅由於胰臟中發現之β胰島細胞所生產之 小胜肽何爾蒙且係分泌至血液(體内(/„ νζ·ν〇))或培養基(試 管内(/«Wirt?))。爲展現胰島素之分泌,已分化細胞可以抗_ 人類胰島素抗體染色。標準的ELISA技術亦可使用以偵測 及量化分泌至培養基之胰島素的量。 簡言之,揭膜係組裝於微孔盤上且各個孔洞充填有3 〇 〇 pL之HRP清洗緩衝液,且該盤定溫培養於室溫歷5分鐘。緩 201000110 衝液而後係移除且20 pL樣本與2〇 偵測抗體添加至孑 洞。盤而後再一次於迴轉式震盪器上於室溫下定溫培養辨^ 小時。孔洞之内含物係輕輕倒出且以HRp清洗緩衝液清^先 二次。100 pL之酵素溶液係添加至各個孔洞且使其在迴轉 式震盪器上於室溫下定溫培養歷3〇分鐘。再一次,孔洞係 以HRP緩衝液清洗5次。接著,⑽叫之受f溶液係添加至 該孔洞且在迴轉式震盪器上於室溫下定溫培養1〇分鐘。一 藍顏色典型地將自化學反應發展出來。反應係以1〇〇 ^^之 「停止溶液」終止。溶液係商業上可得的。該盤係在45〇 nm 下分析。 免疫組織化學法係如下實行:細胞係於甲醇或三聚甲 醛中固定2分鐘,且隨後以PBS清洗。3%過氧化氫係添加且 定溫培養60分鐘。在清洗該溶液後,於PBS/5%脫脂奶粉 /0_3°/〇聚山梨醇酯中以1 : 500稀釋之一級抗體係施用且使 其定溫培養60分鐘。再一次,細胞係以?88清洗三次以移除 溶液,且於PBS/5%脫脂奶粉/〇 3%聚山梨醇醋中以1 : 400 稀釋之一級抗體係施用6〇分鐘。 如可被熟習此藝者在閱讀本揭示内容後可認知者,該 技藝中習知技術之任何變異可使用以決定騰β島細胞標記 之表現及細胞形態,包括但不侷限於基因表現測定法例如 PCR、RT-PCR、定量pcr ;蛋白質表現分析包括免疫組織 化學法、免疫螢光測定法及類似者。此類技術係已於該技 藝中知悉且不需要於此處進一步詳細說明。 本發明之細胞分化可藉由各種技術偵測,例如,但不 17 2〇1〇〇〇ιι〇 询限於,流式細胞儀方法、免疫組織化學法、免疫螢光技 術、原位(以Wiw)雜交及/或組織或細胞生物技術。根據本發 明’大於30%之祖源細胞可分化成胰島素生產性胰島細 胞’較佳地係大於約50 %之細胞,更佳地係大於約75%之 細胞,及最佳地係大於約90%之細胞。 使用騰島素生產性騰細胞之方法 本發明之已分化類胰島β細胞可提供為一組衍生自多 種不同來源(例如臍帶、肝臟)、自多樣基因背景之個體及甚 至自不同動物來源之類騰島β細胞。例如,一組UMC所衍生 之類胰島β細胞可包括衍生自來自已知具有編碼藥物代謝 酵素及藥物轉運蛋白之基因的多塑性之個體的UMC來源之 類騰島β細胞。本發明之整體討論可提供為藥物篩選套組之 部份’該套組包括用於藥物筛選之試劑,這類試劑包括, 例如’任何此處所描述之培養基,及用於偵測例如胰島素 表現之試劑。 於一實施例中’本發明之類胰島β細胞可被基因改造。 與本實施例一致,本發明之類胰島β細胞係暴露於含有包括 轉殖基因的核酸之基因轉殖載體,致使在適合該轉殖基因 在細胞中表現的條件下該核酸係引入細胞中。轉殖基因一 為又地係一表現Ε ’包括可操作地連接至適合啟動子之編碼 多胜肽。編碼多胜肽可編碼蛋白質,或其可編碼生物上具 活性之RNA,例如反義111^八、siRNA或核糖酶。 因此,編碼多胜肽可編碼基因,該基因可賦予,例如, 對毒素或感染物之抗性、荷㈣(例如胜肽生長制蒙、荷 18 201000110 爾蒙釋放因子、性荷爾蒙、促腎上腺皮質素、細胞激素, 例如干擾素、介白素及淋巴激素)、限制在細胞表面之胞内 訊息部分體例如細胞黏附分子及荷爾蒙受體、及促進特定 u糸之分化的因子,或編碼任何已知序列之轉殖基因。 如將於之後描述者,分化自本發明之袓源細胞的胰島 素生產性胰島細胞係用於各種裝配,包括藥物篩選、對於 m
藥物父互作用之筛選、移植、組織/器官再生及肝損壞或其 他肝臟失調之治療。 於一實施例中,本發明提供用於測試化合物(例如藥物 或候選藥物)活性之方&。化合物之活性可藉由測量藥物對 本發明之類胰島β細胞的存活率及/或代謝活性之影響或藥 物對藥物運輸轉運蛋白之影響而評估。如熟f此藝者參酌 本揭不内容所能瞭解’本發明之類胰島P細胞可使用於任何 已知的藥物篩選測S法,例如對胰島素生產之測定法、當 今使用騰島細胞之藥物篩選測定法、及類似者。本發明提 仏之優點為本發明的類胰島β細胞係容易取得且可衍生自 具有多樣基因背景個體之多樣組織。 於-實施例中,藉由將本發明之類胰島β細胞與化合物 ^觸及測i:類騰島β細胞之存活率,本發明提供用於測試化 D物之雜(例如毒性)的方法。相較㈣試化合物不存在下 之存活率,在賴化合物存在下存活率之降低表示該化合 物係於體内(m vm?)有毒的。細胞存活率可使用熟習此藝者 ’、、、知之技術而決定,例如染色後之流式細胞儀或單純地使 用血球計以顯微鏡視覺觀察細胞。 19 201000110 於另—银 物接 實施例中,藉由將本發明之類胰島β細胞與化合 化人觸及'則置相同細胞之代謝活性,本發明提供用於測試 活=物之活性的方法。相較於測試化合物不存在下之代謝 在挪試化合物存在下代謝活性之降低或增加表示於 體内(〜之藥物活性。 法^發明之又一實施例提供用於評估藥物交互作用之方 =物交互作用可藉由將本發明之細胞與兩化合物接觸 弋是否—化合物對細胞之影響被第二化合物之存在而 么而'•平估。例如,該方法可包含將第一族群之類胰島p 人/、第一化合物接觸,將第二族群之類胰島Ρ細胞與第二 人物接觸及將第三族群之類胰島β細胞與第一及第二化 σ物兩者接觸且測量每一族群中之特定影響(例如細胞存 活率、共恤、 _ \榭活性、胰島素生產)’其中與兩化合物接觸之第 、'中相較於第一或苐二族群,一影響之統計上顯著 低或増加將代表藥物交互作用。藥物交互作用可包含 藥物抑制另一藥物或一藥物增加另一藥物之活性。 ❹ 如可被熟習此藝者所認知’基因表現可使用任何各種 該技藝中已知之技術而測量,例如,但不偈限於,定量聚 合酶鍵反應(QC-PCR或QC-RT PCR)。其他用於偵測mRNA 表現之方法係已於該技藝中熟知且建立,且可包括,但不 侷限於,轉錄媒介之增幅技術(TMA)、聚合酶鏈反應增幅 技術(PCR)、反轉錄聚合酶鏈反應增幅技術(RT_pCR)、接合 酶鏈反應增幅技術(LCR)、鏈取代增幅技術(SDA)及以核酸 序列為基礎之增幅技術(NASBA)。 20 201000110 代謝活性之測量係使用該技藝中已知之技術而實行, 例如,藉由將細胞與測試化合物接觸及收集上清液。存在 於上清液中之化合物代謝㈣使用已知技術量^如 經由適當類型之高效能液相層析(HPLC)。經由培養細胞之 胸腺錢標tt、嵌人法可測量以評估試管内…之細胞 生長。 本發明進-步提供用於導因於胰島_胞喪失的損壞 或疾病之治療的方法。就這i而言,本發明之已分化騰 島素生產性騰島細胞可使用於任何導因於騰島細胞喪失的 疾病之治療,包括’但不侷限於,糖尿病,第〗型及第㈣ 兩者。 本發明提供用於騰島細胞損壞之治療的方法,該方法 係藉由好需要铺-有效量之本發_已分化類騰島β 細胞。藉由有效量意謂足夠提供有益效果至接受該治療的 個體之量,例如改善糖尿病症狀而增進肝功能之量。於特 定實施例中’有效量係足夠再生長出具功能之御島細胞之 量。「療效的」治療係一投予至具有病理徵候之個體以為減 少或消除這些徵候之目的的治療。 於一實施例中,本發明提供用於增進或回復胰臟胰島 素生產之方法,該方法係藉由投予一有效量之本發明的已 分化類胰島β細胞。就這—點而言,根據此處所描述之方法 及該技藝中之實務’類胰島β細胞係使用此處所描述之方法 而分化自祖源細胞,该袓源細胞較佳地係屬一個別病患, 以為自體(於在出生時適當細胞可能已被收集且儲存之情 21 2010001j〇 況)或同種異源移植至一組織相容接受者。 細胞係如此處所描述而培養、收集且可引入病串 臟、彳盾環系統及/或腹膜,該病患係罹患任何源由之姨島 生產喪失或降低、病毒感染之續發、毒素攝入或天生代謝 錯誤等等。盡可能地,由放射引導的、最小地侵犯的方 係使用以植入細胞。以編碼設計為增進肝功能之酵素的義 因而基因操縱之細胞亦於此處所思及。 土 於一特定實施例中,本發明之類胰島|3細胞係投予至進 行胰島β細胞之移植的個體。本發明之細胞可單獨投予,戈 與稀釋劑及/或其他組份,例如島細胞生長因子(例如ΒΜρ、 TGF-β 1、IGF、FGF)或其他荷爾蒙或細胞族群組合而作為 藥學組成物。 ❹ 簡言之,本發明之組成物可包含如此處所描述之類胰 島β細胞族群與一或多種藥學上或生理學上可接受的載 劑、稀釋劑或賦形劑之組合。這類組成物可包含緩衝劑, 例如中性緩衝鹽水、磷酸鹽緩衝鹽水及類似者;碳水化合 物’例如葡萄糖、甘露糖、蔗糖或葡聚糖、甘露醇;蛋白 質;多胜肽或胺基酸,例如甘胺酸;抗氧化物;螯合劑, 例如EDTA或麵胺基硫;佐劑(例如氫氧化銘)及保存劑。本 發明之組成物可組配為用於靜脈内或非經口投藥或用於直 接投藥至肝臟中。 本發明之藥學組成物可以適合該疾病治療(或預防)之 方式而投藥。投藥之量及頻率將藉由這類因子’如病患之 狀況及病患疾病之類型與嚴重性而決定,即使適合的劑量 22 201000110 當「有效I +「 」或療效量」係指明時,將被投藥之本 感=物的精確量可藉由考量個體中年齡、體重、疾病、 壞之程度及病患(個體)之條件差異的醫生而決 。斗寺定' , 、 例中,一包含此處所描述之細胞的藥學紐 成物可以1〇3$ 7
1υ細胞/公斤體重之劑量投藥,且於特定會 施例中,兔! n5 z I 此1 / 細胞/公斤體重之劑量,包括所有在這
二耗 '之整數數值。細胞組成物亦可以這些劑量多次投 二f於特定病患之最佳劑量及治療規範可輕易地藉熟習 =療技藝者藉由監控病患之疾病徵候及據此調整治療而決 定0 本、且成物之投藥可以任何便利的方式實行包括藉由 主射轉冑1入或移植。此處所描述之組成物可皮下、 皮内瘤内、淋巴結内、骑内、肌肉内、藉靜脈内(i.v.)注 射或腹膜内而投藥至病患。 本發明之細胞組成物亦可使用任何數量之基質而投 藥。在組織程之f景巾基質已制賴年。本發明在作 為人工固持物、維持或調節㈣細胞功能之新穎背景中利用 這類基f。據此,本發明可_這些在_工程中顯現出 效用之基質組成物及組配物。 基質係使用於此處以作為生物相容物質之示例。然 而,本發明係不侷限於基質,不論該用語基質出現於何處, 這些用語應被解_為包括允許細胞停留或細胞穿越之震置 及其他物f ’因此’本發B月係生物相容的,且能直接經由 23 201000110 該物質本身為半通透膜之物質或與特定半通透物質結合使 用而允許大分子之穿越。 於本發明之特定實施例中,本發明之細胞組成物係與 (例如之前、同時或之後)任何數量之相關治療模態結合而投 藥至個體,該治療模態包括,但不侷限於,以例如抗病毒 藥劑之藥劑;化學治療;輻射;免疫抑制劑,例如環孢黴 素、硫唑嘌呤、胺甲葉酸、及黴酚酸之治療。 示例I -肝臟幹細胞分化成胰島素生產性胰細胞 此示例描述人類肝臟幹細胞分化成類胰島β細胞。 月〇兒幹細胞係使用來自Invitr〇gen的stemPro® EZPassageTM τ〇〇丨機械式地自全肝細胞之混合族群中分 離。該幹細胞係匯集且散佈於塗覆有第〗型膠原蛋白之12_ 孔盤。在誘導分化之前讓細胞貼附過夜。更詳言之,細胞 係以2.0-3.〇χ1〇6細胞/盤之密度種植於塗覆有〇 1%第〗型膠 原蛋白之組織培養皿上,且使其貼附過夜。細胞而後係處 理於由·無血清 Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium aMDM)、2 mm〇i/L 丁酸鈉鹽及盤尼西林/鍵黴素所組成之 預誘導培養基中兩天。藉由將細胞培養於含有:IMDM、2% KSR及盤尼西林/鏈黴素之分化培養基中至少24小時,分化 係几成。每三天更換培養基且分化係以時態的方式評估(如 以1、2及3日)。 誘導分化後1或3天,分離細胞溶解物。cdNA係自這些 '合解物製備以篩選胰專一性基因之表現。Pdx-Ι及體抑素表 現係在第3日偵測(分別為第1圖第1及4道)。單獨生長於久保 24 201000110 田(Kubota s)擴張培養基之細胞(控制組)並不表現pdx_ 1或 體抑素。然而,Glut-2係有表現(第5道),其指出Glut-2係表 現於肝臟幹細胞以及胰細胞中。 不例II - HUMC分化成胰島素生產性胰細胞 此不例描述人類臍帶基質幹細胞分化成類胰島β細胞。 臍帶之製備:臍帶係稱重、測量及於冷無菌PBS(500 mL) 中徹底清洗5分鐘兩次。臍帶而後係於(5〇〇mL)優碘溶液中 φ 再清洗5分鐘一次’接著以冷無菌PBS(500 mL)徹底漂洗5 分鐘兩次以移除優碘。臍帶之鉗夾端而後係以手術刀片在 鉗夾區域之上ι/2_1英吋之處移除。血液被排出且血管接著利 - 用大號針頭與50 mL針筒以VIASPAN®沖洗以移除任何血 . 液/凝塊。 臍帶基質細胞之分離:臍帶之相對端係以無菌螺旋管 炎(H〇ffman ciamp)甜夾,且一3_用連接活栓係放至於針頭/ 插管端上。具有膠原蛋白酶溶液(〇·3_ 1%)之針筒而後係附接 φ 至3_用活栓且該溶液係施用一段時間,直到臍帶成為稍微 膨脹。而後,臍帶係於濕化的37。(:、5% C〇2定溫培養箱定 溫培養0.5至3小時,依膠原蛋白酶溶液之濃度(如酵素溶液 之濃度愈高,完成消化之時間愈短)。「膠原蛋白酶溶液」 可包括下列之一或多者:膠原蛋白酶(03」〇%);分散酶 (0·4%-1·0%);玻尿酸酶(OJ_1〇%);去氧核糖核酸酶 (0.03%)。 在消化後,螺旋管夾(Hoffman clamp)係自臍帶移除且 該溶液排入一無菌容器中。臍帶接著以無菌pBS沖洗,保留 25 201000110 β玄/月洗液。腾可&係以螺旋管夾(H〇ffman clamp)再甜夾, 且具玻尿酸酶(0.1-1.0°/。)/去氧核糖核酸酶(〇 3%)之溶液係 經由活栓施用一段時間,直到臍帶成為稍微膨脹。再一次, 臍帶係定溫培養1-12小時。在定溫培養後,臍帶及清洗溶 液係被清洗且收集至無菌容器中。 刺用插管方法之不充分消化可於含〇25 %玻尿酸酶 /0.25%第I型膠原蛋白酶之消化緩衝液中在37它下進一步消 化至4小時而再調和。組織而後係利用細胞分離過濾器透過 40-60網篩而過濾。 因此獲得之細胞而後係剔除表現CD31i細胞。(cd_31 係普遍表現在内皮細胞、血小板、巨嗔細胞及庫佛氏 (Kupffer)細胞、顆粒細胞、τ/ΝΚ細胞、淋巴細胞、巨核細 胞、纖維母細胞、蝕骨細胞、中性球及HUVEC細胞之標記)。 剔除CD31之細胞懸浮液而後係濃化CD44細胞。CD44係對 於玻尿酸之受體。 盤皿黏附篩選:細胞懸浮液而後係分盤。分離後24_48 小時’非黏附細胞係藉由以無菌PBS清洗三次而移除。新鮮 DM係添加且每兩天更換。當培養達到5〇_8〇%匯合之間時, 細胞係使用0.05%胰蛋白酶/0.53 mM EDTA溶液收集且再 分盤至塗覆有明膠之T75培養瓶中以進一步於DM中擴張。 培養係在具5% C〇2、37。(:濕化的定溫培養箱中維持於 50-80%匯合以增殖。 分化:在誘導之前,細胞係以2.0-3 Jxl〇6細胞/盤之密 度種植於塗覆有0.1%第I型膠原蛋白之組織培養孤上且讓 201000110 細胞貼附過夜。細胞而後係於由:無血清Iscove's Modified Dulbecco’s Medium (IMDM)、2 mmol/L丁酸鈉鹽及盤尼西 林/鏈黴素所組成之預誘導培養基中處理兩天。藉由將細胞 培養於含有:IMDM、2%KSR及盤尼西林/鏈黴素之分化培 養基中至少24小時,分化係完成。每三天更換培養基且分 化係以時態的方式評估(如以1、2及3曰)。 細胞之分化係如下評估: 免疫細胞化學法。已分化細胞係以PBS中4%三聚甲醛 固定10分鐘而後於PBS中清洗。細胞係以PBS中0.2% Triton 乂-100穿孔5分鐘、清洗,而後於?88中0.2°/〇丁出〇11\-100、 2%健康血清閉塞1小時,而後以對抗胰島素之抗體定溫培 養。在以PBS清洗三次之後,細胞係以二級抗體定溫培養。 第2圖中圓形細胞之深色染色表明這些細胞中胰島素之表 現。未分化之UCM細胞不會被抗人類胰島素抗體染色。 RNA分離及反轉錄聚合酶鏈反應(RT-PCR.) : RNA以 RNeasy Quick旋轉管柱自細胞中分離且利用隨機六聚體及 Superscript II反轉錄酶轉換成cDNA。PCR產物係以2%瓊膠 電泳解析且以溴化乙錠染色觀察。許多胰島β細胞專一性基 因之表現係被分析,包括Pdx-Ι、胰島素、昇糖素、體抑素、 glut2及GADPH(cDNA裝載控制組)。見第3圖。 胰島素之細胞分泌:培養基胰島素之濃度係藉由如上 所述之ELISA決定。見第4圖。 當本發明已與關於其之特定實施例而描述,將可瞭解 的是其能夠進一步修飾且此申請案意欲涵蓋任何其後發明 27 201000110 之變異、用途及替換。一般而言,本發明之原則包括來自 本揭露之此等偏離,如得自本發明所屬技藝中習知或習用 實務者,及如此處之前所述之必要特徵可被應用者,以及 如所附申請專利範圍之範圍中所致者。 【圖式簡單說明3 第1圖提供取自於已分化成與本發明相符的類胰島β細 胞之人類肝臟幹細胞的cDNA之PCR分析結果。第1道 (Pdx)、第2道(胰島素)、第3道(昇糖素)、第4道(體抑素)、 第5道(glut2)、第6道(GADPH,控制組)。 第2圖顯示來自於已分化成與本發明相符的類胰島β細 胞之人類UCM細胞的胰島素生產之免疫組織染色。棕色(深 色)染色表明胰島素之存在。(10Χ放大) 第3圖提供取自於已分化成與本發明相符的類胰島β細 胞之人類UCM細胞的cDNA之PCR分析結果。由左至右:第 1道-Pdx-;l、第2道-昇糖素、第3道-胰島素、第4道-glut2、第5道-體抑素、第6道-GAPDH(控制組)。 第4圖係一顯示由已分化成與本發明相符的類胰島β細 胞之人類UCM細胞分泌至培養基(第5日)之胰島素的量之 圖表。NSB :非專一性結合(控制組) 【主要元件符號說明】 (無) 28
Claims (1)
- 201000110 七、申請專利範圍: 1 · 一種用於將祖源細胞分化成胰島素生產性騰細胞之方 法,包含: (a) 將祖源細胞定溫培養於包含丁酸鈉鹽之無血清 預誘導培養基中,及,接著 (b) 將祖源細胞定溫培養於包含剔除替換血清之誘 導培養基中; 0 歷一段足夠將祖源細胞分化成胰島素生產性胰細胞 之時間。 2.如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該祖源細胞係人 類祖源細胞。 * 3.如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該祖源細胞係肝 臟幹細胞。 4.如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該祖源細胞係臍 帶基質幹細胞。 Φ 5.如申請專利範圍第1項之方法’其中該祖源細胞係脂 肪幹細胞。 6.如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該誘導培養基包 含約2%剔除替換血清。 7· 一種用於將祖源細胞分化成胰島素生產性胰細胞之方 法,包含: (a) 將祖源細胞定溫培養於包含組織蛋白去乙醯酶 抑制劑(HDACI)之無血清預誘導培養基中,及,接著 (b) 將祖源細胞定溫培養於包含剔除替換血清之誘 29 201000110 導培養基中; 歷一段足夠將祖源細胞分化成胰島素生產性胰細胞 之時間。 8. 如申請專利範圍第7項之方法,其中該HDACI係丁 酸納鹽、丁酸苯S旨、視黃酸、偉伯益酸、APHA化合 物8、阿比西定(Apicidin)、(-)-第普第辛 ((-)-Depudecin)、史骨利塔得(Scriptaid)、奢第諾 (Sirtinol)及曲古菌素(Trichostatin)。30
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| JP5010760B2 (ja) | 2010-10-05 | 2012-08-29 | タカラバイオ株式会社 | ウイルスベクターの製造方法 |
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- 2009-05-21 TW TW098116877A patent/TW201000110A/zh unknown
- 2009-05-21 CN CN200980129009XA patent/CN102282250A/zh active Pending
- 2009-05-21 US US12/470,247 patent/US8877497B2/en active Active
- 2009-05-21 BR BRPI0912320-2A patent/BRPI0912320A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-05-21 MX MX2010012730A patent/MX2010012730A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2010
- 2010-11-21 IL IL209471A patent/IL209471A0/en unknown
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2014
- 2014-10-31 US US14/530,251 patent/US9605244B2/en active Active
-
2016
- 2016-10-27 US US15/336,783 patent/US20170045497A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BRPI0912320A2 (pt) | 2015-08-04 |
| CA2725196A1 (en) | 2009-11-26 |
| US20170045497A1 (en) | 2017-02-16 |
| JP2011520470A (ja) | 2011-07-21 |
| US20150056647A1 (en) | 2015-02-26 |
| EP2291514A1 (en) | 2011-03-09 |
| US20100136688A1 (en) | 2010-06-03 |
| EP2291514B1 (en) | 2020-12-23 |
| WO2009143353A1 (en) | 2009-11-26 |
| US8877497B2 (en) | 2014-11-04 |
| IL209471A0 (en) | 2011-01-31 |
| ES2862623T3 (es) | 2021-10-07 |
| KR20110051166A (ko) | 2011-05-17 |
| MX2010012730A (es) | 2011-03-01 |
| AU2009248959A1 (en) | 2009-11-26 |
| US9605244B2 (en) | 2017-03-28 |
| CN102282250A (zh) | 2011-12-14 |
| RU2010152354A (ru) | 2012-06-27 |
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