201008011 '九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明涉及一種膜電極及採用該膜電極的燃料電池， 尤其涉及一種基於奈米碳管的膜電極及採用該膜電極的燃 '料電池。 【先前技術】 燃料電池係一種將燃料及氧化劑氣體轉化為電能的電 化學發電裝置，被廣泛應用於軍事國防及民用的電力、汽 ⑩車、通信等領域（請參見，Recent advances in fuel cell technology and its application, Journal of Power Sources, V100, P60-66 ( 2001)) ° 通常，一個燃料電池主要包括膜電極（Membrane Electrode Assembly，簡稱 MEA )，導流板（Flow Field Plate，簡稱 FFP)，集流板（Current Collector Plate，簡稱 CCP)及相關的輔助部件，如：鼓風機、閥門、管路等。 0 膜電極（MEA)係燃料電池單元的核心部件，其通常 係由一質子交換膜（Proton Exchange Membrane)及分別 .設置於質子交換膜兩表面的電極組成。其中，電極又包括 催化層（Catalyst Layer)及氣體擴散層（Gas Diffusion Layer，簡稱GDL)，且催化層設置於氣體擴散層與質子交 換膜之間。質子交換膜材料選自全氟磺酸、聚苯乙稀磺酸、 聚三氟笨乙烯磺酸、酚醛樹脂磺酸或碳氫化合物。催化層 包含有催化劑材料（一般為貴金屬顆粒，如：銘、金或釕 等）及其載體（一般為碳顆粒，如：石墨、炭黑、碳纖維 201008011 •或奈米碳管）。氣體擴散層主要由碳纖維紙構成。 然而，先前技街中的燃料電池的膜電極存在以下不 足··第一，由於氣體擴散層主要由碳纖维紙構成，一方面， 該碳纖維紙中含有大量雜亂分佈的碳纖維，導致碳纖雉紙 ^孔隙結構分佈不均勻，^比表面積小，從而影響反應 氣體擴散的均勻性；另一方面，碳纖維紙電阻率大，制約 反應所必需的電子及反應生成的電子的傳輸，從而直接影 響膜電極較総性。第：，由於每㈣極包括—氣體擴 散層^一形成於氣體擴散層表面的催化層，一方面，該結 仟膜電極具有較大的厚度，且可增大膜電極氣體擴散 曰、催化層之間的接觸電阻，不利於電子傳導；另一方面， 層中的催化劑與反應氣體的接觸面積小，限制催化劑 的利用率。 似卜御；此提供種具有較高的反應活性’且可提高 =劑的利用率的膜電極及採用該膜電極的燃料電池實為 【發明内容】 種膜電極，其包括：一暂工^_认 -第二電極，所述第-電極4=膜，一第一電極及 交換膜的兩個相對的表面，別設置於該質子 極中的至少-個電極包括至少電極舆第二電 劑分佈於該奈米碳構包括奈米破管長線及催化 種燃料電池 其包括：—質子交換膜；-第 電極 201008011 弟電才圣，芦。4+、键 子交換膜的兩個相的表面極別设置於該質 板分別設置於第—Lt —第—㈣板及—第二導流 面；及一第一也> 電極及第二電極遠離質子交換膜的表 別與第一導流板3抽氣裝置及—第二供氣和抽氣裝置分 極盘第二電：中的二導流板相連通，其中’所述第-電 線複人社槿，少—個電極包括至少一個奈米碳管長 ❹1、口 ’且該奈米碳管長線複合結構包括奈米碳管長 參 線及催化劑分佈於該奈米碳管長線卜 ^長 …相較于先前技術’所述膜電極具有以下優點：第一， 極與第二電極中的至少一個電極採用奈米碳管 長線與摧化劑的趨人纟士描_ ,, 她… 可避免先前技術中擴散層 、1層之間的接觸電阻，有利於反應所必需的電子及 反應生成的電子的傳導。第二，奈米碳管長線具有極大的 比表面積，故，採用該奈米碳管長線可有效且均句的擔載 催化劑，使催化劑與氫燃料或氧化劑氣體具有較大的接觸 面積，可提高催化劑的利用率。第三’由於奈米碳管本身 的電阻率要低於碳纖維的電阻率，故，採用該奈米碳管長 線與催化劑的複合結構的電極的電阻率低，可有效的傳導 反應所必需的電子及反應生成的電子，有助於改善膜電極 的反應活性。 【實施方式】 以下將結合附圖對本技術方案作進一步的詳細說明。 請參閱圖1，本技術方案實施例提供一種膜電極2〇〇， 其包括：一質子交換膜202, 一第一電極204, 一第二電極 201008011 ‘ 2,所述第—電極綱肖第二電極咖分職置於該質子 父換膜2〇2的兩相對的表面。所述第-電極204與第二電 .電極包括至少一個奈米碳管長線複合 、、口 ^ '丁、只奴官長線複合結構包括奈米碳管長線及催 化劑分佈於該奈米碳f長線巾。 ㈣及催 所述奈米碳管長線包括複數個首尾相連且沿該 魯 抽向/長度方向擇優取向排列的奈米碳管。具：地， 该不米碳管長線中奈㈣管沿該奈米碳管長線轴向/長度 =向千灯排列或呈螺旋狀排列。該奈米碳管長線中夺米碳 ίΪίί本：同’且相鄰的奈米碳管之間通過凡德瓦爾力 。所述奈米碳管包括單壁奈求碳管、雙壁奈米碳 官及多壁奈米碳管中的一種或多種。太*入 直，0.5奈米〜10奈米，雙壁奈米碳管的直徑; 直:r奈米，奈米。該奈 碳管的長度為〜_微；:本實施财，優選地，奈米 太所述奈米碳管長線可通過拉伸一奈米礙管陣列獲得一 :未碳管薄膜後，經機械外力收縮處理（有機溶劑ς發的 表面張力作用）；扭轉纺紗處理或捲曲而獲得 : 管長線的直徑為1微米〜i毫米， U厌 :求:得崔於將拉取的奈米碳管薄膜“成 作用），扭轉纺紗處理或捲曲可獲得奈米碳管長線與催= 9 201008011 的複合結構。請參閱圖2,催化劑均勻分佈于奈米碳管薄 膜的奈米碳管表面。故，該奈米碳管長線複合結構中，催 化劑均勻分佈于奈米碳管長線中的奈米碳管表面。 • 所述催化劑的材料不限’可為貴金屬顆粒，如：鉑、 金舒中的一種或其任意組合的混合物。該金屬顆粒的直 徑尺寸為1〜10奈米。所述貴金屬催化劑的擔載量低於 〇.5mg/cm2’且均勻分佈于奈米碳管長線的奈米碳管表面。 ©本實施例中，貴金屬催化劑為鉑。 所述奈米碳管長線複合結構通過自身的黏性、黏結劑 或熱壓的方法固定於質子交換臈2〇2的表面。當所述電極 包=複數個奈米碳管長線複合結構時，複數個奈米碳管長 線複合結構可平行排列或交又設置於質子交換膜逝的表 面且不米碳管長線複合結構之間可無間隙設置或間隔設 田複數個奈米碳管長線複合結構交又且間隔設置時， 所述奈米碳管長線複合結構之間形成複數個均句且規則分 φ佈的微孔，且該微孔孔徑小於1微米。 可乂理解’虽所述第一電極2〇4與第二電極遍中的 f少-個電極包括至少—個奈米碳管長線複合結構時另 -個電極的結構不限，可包括—擴散層及 二且該催化劑層設置於質子交換膜= ^卜所述擴散層可為-碳纖維紙或奈米碳管層。娜化 Γ ㈣料及其載體（―般為碳顆粒， 地，所：第厌碳纖維或奈米碳管)。本實施例中，優選 所述第-電極204與第二電極2〇6均包括複數個奈米 201008011 ’碳管長線複合結構H複數個奈㈣管聽複合 平行無間隙設置於質子交換獏202的兩個相對的表面。 —戶斤述質子交換膜观的材料為全貌續酸、聚苯乙稀續 酸、聚二氣苯乙稀石黃酸、_樹脂石黃酸或碳氣化合物。本 實施例中，質子交換臈202材料為全氟磺酸。 所述膜電極200具有以下優點：第一，所述第一電極 204與第二電極施均採用奈米碳管長線與催化劑的複合 結構’故，可避免先前技術中擴散層與催化劑層之間的接 觸電阻，有利於反應所必需的電子及反應生成的電子的傳 導。第二，奈米碳管長線具有極大的比表面積，故，採用 該奈米碳管長線可有效且均勻的擔載催化劑，使催化劑盘 氣燃料或氧化劑氣體具有較大的接觸面積，可提高催化劑 的利用率。第三，由於奈米碳管本身的電阻率要低於碳纖 維的電阻率，故，採用該奈米碳管長線與催化劑的複合结 構的電極的電阻率低，可有效的傳導反應所必需的電子及 ❹反應生成的電子’有助於改善膜電極的反應活性。第四， 所述第-電極204與第二電極2〇6均採用奈米碳管長線與 摧化劑的複合結構’該奈米碳管長線同時具有收集電流及 擔載催化劑及擴散氫燃料或氧化劑氣體的作用，結構簡 單，使用方便。 明參閱圖3，本技術方案實施例還進一步提供一燃料 電池20 ’其包括：—膜電極200, -第-導流板208a及-第一導流板208b，一第一集流板216a及一第二集流板 216b，及一第一供氣和抽氣裝置21〇&及一第二供氣和抽氣 11 201008011 ’裝置210b。 所述膜電極200的結構如前所述。即，所述第一電極 204與第二電極2〇6均包括複數個奈米碳管長線與貴金屬 催化劑顆粒的複合結構。且，該複數個奈米碳管長線複合 結構平行無間隙設置於質子交換膜202的兩個相對的表 面。 所述第一導流板208a及第二導流板208b分別設置於 ❹第一電極204與第二電極2〇6遠離質子交換膜2〇2的表 面。於第一導流板2〇8a及第二導流板208b的靠近質子交 換膜202的表面具有一條或多條導流槽212，用於傳導燃 料氣體、氧化劑氣體及反應產物水。該第一導流板2〇8& 及第二導流板208b採用金屬或導電碳材料製作。 所述第一集流板216a及第二集流板216b採用導電材 料製作，分別設置於第一導流板2〇8a及第二導流板2〇肋 的遠離質子交換膜202的表面，用於收集及傳導反應產生 Φ的電子。可以理解，本實施例中，由於奈米碳管長線本身 具有良好的導電性，可用來收集電流，故，該第一集流板 216a及第二集流板216b為一可選擇結構。 所述第一供氣和抽氣裝置210a及第二供氣和抽氣裝 置21〇b包括鼓風機、管路、閥門等（圖中未標示）。鼓風機 通過管路分別與第一導流板208a及第二導流板2〇訃相 連，用來向燃料電池20提供燃料氣體及氧化劑氣體。本實 施例中，燃料氣體為氫氣，氧化劑氣體為純氧氣或含氧的 空氣。其中，燃料電池20中靠近氧化劑氣體輸入端的第二 12 201008011 電極206稱為陰極，靠近燃料氣體輸入端的第—電極2〇4 稱為陽極。 . 上述燃料電池2〇工作時，利用其供氣和抽氣裝置21〇 通過導流板208分別向膜電極200通入燃料氣體（氫氣） 及氧化劑氣體（純氧氣或含氧的空氣）。其中，氫氣==導 流槽212到達陽極。於催化劑的作用下，氫氣發生如下反 應·· H2—2H++2e。反應生成的質子穿過質子交換膜2〇2到 ⑩達陰極，反應生成的電子則通過外電路到達陰極。 於燃料電池20另一端，氧氣進入陰極，同時，電子則 通過外電路到達陰極。於催化劑的作用下，氧氣與質子及 電子發生如下反應：1/2〇2+2H++2e—4〇。反應^成的水 則通過第二電極206及導流板208排出燃料電池2〇。於此 過程中，第一電極204與第二電極206之間會形成一定的 電勢差，當外電路接入一負載214時，將會形成電流。 綜上所述，本發明確已符合發明專利之要件，遂依法 ❿提出專利申請。惟，以上所述者僅為本發明之較佳實施例， 自不能以此限制本案之申請專利範圍。舉凡熟悉本案技藝 之人士援依本發明之精神所作之等效修飾或變化，皆應涵 蓋於以下申請專利範圍内。 ^ 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1為本技術方案實施例的膜電極的結構示意圖。 圖2為本技術方案實施例提供的表面蒸鍍有鉑層後的 奈米碳管薄膜的局部掃描電鏡照片。 圖3為本技術方案實施例的燃料電池的結構示意圖。 13 20 201008011 ’【主要元件符號說明】 燃料電池 _膜電極 質子交換膜 第一電極 第二電極 第一導流板 第二導流板 ®第一供氣和抽氣裝置 第二供氣和抽氣裝置 導流槽 負載 第一集流板 笫二集流板 200 202 204 206 208a 208b 210a 210b 212 214 216a 216b201008011 'Nine, the invention relates to: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a membrane electrode and a fuel cell using the same, and more particularly to a membrane electrode based on a carbon nanotube and a fuel cell using the membrane electrode . [Prior Art] A fuel cell is an electrochemical power generation device that converts fuel and oxidant gas into electrical energy, and is widely used in military defense and civil power, automobile 10, communications, etc. (See, Recent advances in fuel cell technology And its application, Journal of Power Sources, V100, P60-66 (2001)) ° Generally, a fuel cell mainly includes Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA), Flow Field Plate (FFP), set. Current Collector Plate (CCP) and related auxiliary components such as blowers, valves, piping, etc. The membrane electrode (MEA) is the core component of the fuel cell unit, which is usually composed of a Proton Exchange Membrane and electrodes respectively disposed on both surfaces of the proton exchange membrane. The electrode further includes a Catalyst Layer and a Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL), and the catalyst layer is disposed between the gas diffusion layer and the proton exchange film. The proton exchange membrane material is selected from the group consisting of perfluorosulfonic acid, polystyrenesulfonic acid, polytrifluoroethylenesulfonic acid, phenolic resinsulfonic acid or hydrocarbon. The catalytic layer contains a catalyst material (generally noble metal particles such as: Ming, gold or ruthenium) and its support (generally carbon particles such as graphite, carbon black, carbon fiber 201008011 • or carbon nanotubes). The gas diffusion layer is mainly composed of carbon fiber paper. However, the membrane electrode of the fuel cell in the prior art street has the following disadvantages. First, since the gas diffusion layer is mainly composed of carbon fiber paper, on the one hand, the carbon fiber paper contains a large amount of disorderly distributed carbon fibers, resulting in carbon fiber crepe paper. The structure is unevenly distributed, and the specific surface area is small, which affects the uniformity of the diffusion of the reaction gas. On the other hand, the carbon fiber paper has a large electrical resistivity, which restricts the electrons necessary for the reaction and the electrons generated by the reaction, thereby directly affecting the membrane electrode. Sex. The first: since each (four) pole includes a gas diffusion layer formed on the surface of the gas diffusion layer, on the one hand, the crucible membrane electrode has a large thickness, and can increase the membrane electrode gas diffusion enthalpy, catalytic layer The contact resistance between them is not conducive to electron conduction; on the other hand, the contact area of the catalyst in the layer with the reaction gas is small, which limits the utilization of the catalyst. The invention provides a membrane electrode having a high reactivity and which can improve the utilization ratio of the agent, and a fuel cell using the membrane electrode, which is a membrane electrode, which comprises: a temporary work^ a second electrode, the first electrode 4 = a film, two opposite surfaces of a first electrode and an exchange film, and at least one electrode disposed in the proton electrode includes at least an electrode and a second electrode Distributed in the nano carbon structure including the nano tube long line and the catalytic fuel cell, including: - proton exchange membrane; - the first electrode 201008011. 4+, the surface of the two phases of the bond exchange membrane is disposed at the mass plate respectively disposed on the first-Lt-(4-) plate and the second flow guiding surface; and a first electrode> electrode and second The surface of the electrode remote from the proton exchange membrane is in communication with the first baffle 3 suction device and the second gas supply and the aspirator second plate: the second baffle, wherein the first wire Furensha, 少--electrode includes at least one nano-carbon tube long ❹ 1, mouth ' and the nano-carbon tube long-line composite structure including the carbon nanotube long-stem line and catalyst distributed in the nano-carbon tube long line... Compared with the prior art, the membrane electrode has the following advantages: first, at least one of the pole and the second electrode adopts a long line of carbon nanotubes and a catastrophic chemist, which she can avoid The contact resistance between the diffusion layer and the first layer in the prior art facilitates the conduction of electrons necessary for the reaction and electrons generated by the reaction. Secondly, the long carbon nanotube has a large specific surface area. Therefore, the long carbon nanotube can effectively and uniformly support the catalyst, so that the catalyst has a large contact area with the hydrogen fuel or the oxidant gas, which can be improved. Catalyst utilization. Thirdly, since the resistivity of the carbon nanotube itself is lower than that of the carbon fiber, the electrode having the composite structure of the long carbon nanotube and the catalyst has a low resistivity and can efficiently conduct electrons necessary for the reaction. And the electrons generated by the reaction help to improve the reactivity of the membrane electrode. [Embodiment] Hereinafter, the technical solution will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Referring to FIG. 1 , an embodiment of the present technical solution provides a membrane electrode 2 , which includes: a proton exchange membrane 202 , a first electrode 204 , a second electrode 201008011 ' 2 , and the second electrode The electrode coffee is divided into two opposite surfaces of the proton-parent replacement membrane 2〇2. The first electrode 204 and the second electric electrode comprise at least one nano carbon tube long-line composite, the mouth-shaped, only the slave long-line composite structure including the nano carbon tube long line and the catalyst distributed on the nano carbon f long line towel. (4) and reminding The long carbon nanotubes of the carbon nanotubes include a plurality of carbon nanotubes connected end to end and arranged in a preferred orientation along the direction of the pull/length. With: ground, the non-meter carbon tube long line Zhongnai (four) tube along the long line of the carbon nanotube axial / length = arranged in a thousand lights or spiral. The carbon nanotubes in the long line of the rice carbon ίΪίί Ben: the same and adjacent carbon nanotubes pass the Van der Waals force. The carbon nanotubes include one or more of a single-walled carbon tube, a double-walled nanocarbon, and a multi-walled carbon tube. Too * into straight, 0.5 nm ~ 10 nm, diameter of double-walled carbon nanotubes; straight: r nano, nano. The carbon nanotube has a length of ~_micro; in this implementation, preferably, the nanowire of the nano carbon tube long line can be obtained by stretching a nano tube array: after the carbon tube film, mechanically External force shrinkage treatment (surface tension effect of organic solvent burst); twist spinning treatment or crimping obtained: tube length line diameter is 1 micron to i mm, U is tired: seeking: Cui Yu will pull the carbon nanotube The film "acts", twisting the spinning process or crimping to obtain the composite structure of the long carbon nanotube and the wire; 9 201008011. Please refer to Figure 2, the catalyst is evenly distributed on the surface of the carbon nanotube film carbon nanotubes. In the long-line composite structure of the carbon nanotubes, the catalyst is uniformly distributed on the surface of the carbon nanotubes in the long line of the carbon nanotubes. • The material of the catalyst is not limited to precious metal particles, such as platinum or gold. a mixture of any one or any combination thereof. The metal particles have a diameter of 1 to 10 nm. The noble metal catalyst has a loading of less than 0.5 mg/cm 2 'and is uniformly distributed in the nano carbon of the long carbon nanotube tube. Tube surface. © in this embodiment, precious metal The chemical agent is platinum. The nano carbon tube long-line composite structure is fixed on the surface of the proton exchange 臈2〇2 by its own viscosity, adhesive or hot pressing method. When the electrode package is a plurality of carbon nanotubes In the case of a line composite structure, a plurality of nano-carbon tube long-line composite structures may be arranged in parallel or placed on the surface of the proton exchange membrane and the gap between the long-line composite structures of the non-meter carbon tubes may be set or spaced apart to set a plurality of nanometers. When the carbon nanotube long-line composite structure is disposed at intervals and is spaced apart, the plurality of carbon nanotube long-line composite structures form a plurality of micropores with a uniform sentence and regularly divided into φ, and the pore diameter of the micropores is less than 1 micrometer. Although the first electrode 2〇4 and the second electrode are less f--the electrode includes at least one nano-carbon tube long-line composite structure, the structure of the other electrode is not limited, and may include a diffusion layer and The catalyst layer is disposed on the proton exchange membrane. The diffusion layer may be a carbon fiber paper or a carbon nanotube layer. The naphthalene (four) material and its carrier ("the general carbon particle, the ground, the: the anaerobic carbon fiber or the nai Carbon tube). In this embodiment, it is preferred The first electrode 204 and the second electrode 2〇6 each include a plurality of nanometers 201008011 'carbon tube long-line composite structure H plural number of nai (four) tube listening composite parallel no gaps are disposed on two opposite surfaces of the proton exchange crucible 202. The material of the proton exchange membrane is a full-bodied acid, polystyrene acid, polydiphenyl phthalate, hydroxyresoric acid or carbon gas compound. In this embodiment, proton exchange 臈202 The material is perfluorosulfonic acid. The membrane electrode 200 has the following advantages: First, the first electrode 204 and the second electrode are both made of a composite structure of a long carbon nanotube and a catalyst, so that the prior art can be avoided. The contact resistance between the diffusion layer and the catalyst layer facilitates the conduction of electrons necessary for the reaction and the electrons generated by the reaction. Second, the long carbon nanotube has a large specific surface area, so the long carbon nanotube can be used. The catalyst is efficiently and uniformly supported, so that the catalyst gas or oxidant gas has a large contact area, and the utilization rate of the catalyst can be improved. Third, since the resistivity of the carbon nanotube itself is lower than that of the carbon fiber, the electrode having the composite structure of the long carbon nanotube and the catalyst has a low resistivity and can effectively conduct electrons necessary for the reaction. The electrons generated by the hydrazine reaction help to improve the reactivity of the membrane electrode. Fourth, the first electrode 204 and the second electrode 2〇6 are both made of a composite structure of a long carbon nanotube and a catalyzing agent. The long carbon nanotube has a current collection and a catalyst and a diffusion hydrogen fuel. The function of the oxidant gas is simple in structure and convenient to use. Referring to FIG. 3, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a fuel cell 20' including: a membrane electrode 200, a first deflector 208a and a first deflector 208b, a first current collector 216a and a second current collecting plate 216b, and a first air supply and exhausting device 21〇& and a second air supply and pumping 11 201008011 'device 210b. The structure of the membrane electrode 200 is as described above. That is, the first electrode 204 and the second electrode 2〇6 each comprise a composite structure of a plurality of carbon nanotube long wires and noble metal catalyst particles. Moreover, the plurality of carbon nanotube long-line composite structures are disposed in parallel with no gaps on two opposite surfaces of the proton exchange membrane 202. The first baffle 208a and the second baffle 208b are respectively disposed on the surface of the first electrode 204 and the second electrode 2〇6 away from the proton exchange membrane 2〇2. On the surface of the first baffle 2a8a and the second baffle 208b near the proton exchange membrane 202, there are one or more flow guiding grooves 212 for conducting fuel gas, oxidant gas and reaction product water. The first baffles 2〇8& and the second baffle 208b are made of metal or conductive carbon material. The first current collecting plate 216a and the second current collecting plate 216b are made of a conductive material, and are respectively disposed on the surface of the first baffle 2a 8a and the second baffle 2 rib away from the proton exchange film 202. The electrons that collect and conduct the reaction to produce Φ. It can be understood that, in this embodiment, since the long carbon nanotube wires themselves have good electrical conductivity and can be used for collecting current, the first current collecting plate 216a and the second current collecting plate 216b are an optional structure. The first air supply and extraction device 210a and the second air supply and extraction device 21A include blowers, pipes, valves, etc. (not shown). The blower is connected to the first baffle 208a and the second baffle 2 through the pipeline, respectively, for supplying fuel gas and oxidant gas to the fuel cell 20. In this embodiment, the fuel gas is hydrogen, and the oxidant gas is pure oxygen or oxygen-containing air. Among them, the second 12 201008011 electrode 206 in the fuel cell 20 near the oxidant gas input end is called a cathode, and the first electrode 2 〇 4 near the fuel gas input end is called an anode. When the fuel cell 2 is operated, the fuel gas (hydrogen gas) and the oxidant gas (pure oxygen or oxygen-containing air) are respectively supplied to the membrane electrode 200 through the gas guide plate 208 by the gas supply and the suction device 21. Wherein hydrogen == the flow channel 212 reaches the anode. Under the action of the catalyst, hydrogen reacts as follows: H2—2H++2e. The protons formed by the reaction pass through the proton exchange membrane 2〇2 to 10 to the cathode, and the electrons generated by the reaction pass through the external circuit to the cathode. At the other end of the fuel cell 20, oxygen enters the cathode while electrons pass through the external circuit to the cathode. Under the action of the catalyst, oxygen reacts with protons and electrons as follows: 1/2〇2+2H++2e-4〇. The reacted water is discharged from the fuel cell 2 through the second electrode 206 and the deflector 208. During this process, a certain potential difference is formed between the first electrode 204 and the second electrode 206, and when an external circuit is connected to a load 214, a current will be formed. In summary, the present invention has indeed met the requirements of the invention patent, and has filed a patent application according to law. However, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it is not possible to limit the scope of the patent application in this case. Equivalent modifications or variations made by persons skilled in the art in light of the spirit of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the following claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a membrane electrode according to an embodiment of the present technical solution. 2 is a partial scanning electron micrograph of a carbon nanotube film deposited on a surface with a platinum layer provided in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present technical solution. 13 20 201008011 '[Main component symbol description] Fuel cell_membrane electrode proton exchange membrane first electrode second electrode first baffle second baffle® first gas supply and suction device second gas supply and pumping Device diversion tank load first collector plate two current collector plates 202 202 204 206 208a 208b 210a 210b 212 214 216a 216b
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