201006296 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 種基於奈米碳管 本發明涉及一種線熱源，尤其涉及一 的線熱源。 【先前技術】 熱源於人們的生產、生活、科研中起著重要的作用。 線熱源係常用的熱源之―，被廣泛應用於電加熱器、紅外 治療儀、電暖器等領域。 請參見圖1，先前技術提供一種線熱源1〇，其包括一 中空圓柱狀支架102 ; —加熱層104設置於該支架1〇2表 面，一絕緣保護層1〇6設置於該加熱層1〇4表面；兩個電 極110分別設置於支架102兩端，且與加熱層1〇4電連接； 兩個夾緊件108分別將兩個電極110與加熱層1〇4卡固於 支架102兩端。其中，加熱層104通常採用一碳纖維紙通 過纏繞或包裹的方式形成。當通過兩個電極11〇對該線熱 源10施加一電壓時’所述加熱層1〇4產生焦耳熱，並向周 圍進行熱輻射。所述碳纖維紙包括紙基材及雜亂分佈於該 紙基材中的瀝青基碳纖維。其中，紙基材包括纖維素纖維 及樹脂等的混合物，瀝青基碳纖維的直徑為3~6毫米，長 度為5〜20微米。 然而，採用碳纖維紙作為加熱層具有以下缺點：第一， 碳纖維紙厚度較大，一般為幾十微米，使線熱源不易做成 微型結構，無法應用於微型器件的加熱。第二，由於該碳 纖維紙中包含紙基材，故，該碳纖維紙的密度較大，重量 201006296 大，使得採用該碳纖維紙的線熱源使用不便。第三，由於 該碳纖維紙中的瀝青基碳纖維雜亂分佈，故，該碳纖維紙 的強度較小，柔性幸父差，容易破裂，限制其應有範圍。第 四，碳纖維紙的電熱轉換效率較低，不利於節能環保。 〇有鐾於此，提供一種重量小，強度大，適應用於微型 器件的加熱，且電熱轉換效率較低，利於節能環保的線熱 源實為必要。 【發明内容】 ® 種線熱源包括一線狀基底；一加熱層設置於線狀基 底的表面；及兩個電極間隔設置於加熱層的表面，並分別 與該加熱層電連接，其中，所述加熱層包括至少一奈米碳 管層。 χ 相較於先前技術，所述的線熱源具有以下優點：第一， 奈米妷官可方便地製成任意尺寸的奈米碳管層，既可應用 於宏觀領域也可應用於微觀領域。第二，奈米碳管比碳纖 ❹維具有更小的密度’故，採用奈米碳管層的線熱源具有更 輕的重量，使用方便。第三，奈米碳管層的電熱轉換效率 高，熱阻率低’故，該線熱源具有升溫迅速、熱滯後小、 熱交換速度快的特點。 【實施方式】 以下將結合附圖詳細說明本技術方案線熱源。 請參閱® 2㈣4，本技術方案實施例提供一種線熱 源20，該線熱源20包括一線狀基底2〇2 ; 一反射層21〇 設置於§亥線狀基底202的表面；一加熱層2〇4設置於所述 201006296 反射層210表面，兩個電極2〇6 认主二 ^ 门知叹置於該加熱層204 的表面’且與該加熱層2〇4電遠 机里认斗上安’及—絕緣保護層208 故置於該加熱層204的表面。所述線熱源、2〇的長度不限， 微米〜L5厘米。本實施例的線熱源則直徑優 選為1.1毫米〜1.1厘米。 所述線狀基底搬起支撐作用，其材料可為硬性材 料’如：陶竟、玻璃、樹脂、石英等’亦可選擇柔性材料， Ο 如·塑膠或柔性纖維等。當線狀基底202為柔性材料時， 該線熱源20❹時可根據需要彎折成任意形狀。所述線狀 基底2G2的長度、直徑及形狀不限，可依據實際需要進行 選擇。本實施例優選的線狀基底202為一陶瓷桿，其直徑 為1毫未〜1厘米。 所述反射層210的材料為一白色絕緣材料，如：金屬 氧化物、金屬鹽或陶瓷等。本實施例中，反射層21◎的材 料優選為三氧化二鋁，其厚度為1〇〇微米〜〇5毫米。該反 ⑩射層210通過濺射的方法沈積於該線狀基底2〇2表面。所 述反射層210用來反射加熱層204所發的熱量，使其有效 的政發到外界空間去’故，該反射層21〇為一可選擇結構。 所述加熱層204包括一奈米碳管層。該奈米碳管層可 包裹或纏繞於所述反射層210的表面。該奈米碳管層可利 用本身的黏性與該反射層210連接，也可通過黏結劑與反 射層210連接。所述的黏結劑為矽膠。可以理解，當該線 熱源20不包括反射層210時，加熱層204可直接包裹或纏 繞於所述線狀基底202的表面。 201006296 所述奈米碳管層的長度，寬度及厚度不限，可根據實 ’際需要製備。本技術方案提供的奈米碳管層#長度為U 厘米’寬度為1〜10厘米，厚度為〇〇1微米〜2毫米。可以 理解，奈米碳管層的熱回應速度與其厚度有關。相同面積 的情況下，奈米碳管層的厚度越大，熱回應速度越慢；反 之，奈米碳管層的厚度越小，熱回應速度越快。 所述奈米碳管層包括複數個均勻分佈的奈米碳管。該 奈米礙管層中的奈米石炭管有序排列或無序排列。該奈米碳 ®管射的I米碳f包括單壁奈米碳管、雙壁奈米碳管及多 壁奈米碳管中的-種或多種。所述單壁奈米碳管的直徑為 0.5奈米〜10奈米，雙壁奈米碳管的直徑為1〇奈米〜^奈 米，多壁奈米碳管的直徑為1>5奈米〜5〇奈米。所述奈米 碳管的長度大於50微米。本實施例中，該奈米礙管的長度 優選為200〜900微米。由於該奈米碳管層中的奈米碳管層 具有很好的柔韌性，使得該奈米碳管層具有很好的柔韌 ❹性’可彎曲折疊成任意形狀而不破裂。 本實施例中，加熱層204採用厚度為1〇〇微米的奈米 碳管層。该奈米碳管層的長度為5厘米，奈米碳管薄膜的 寬度為3厘米。利用奈米碳管層本身的黏性，將該奈米碳 管層包裹於所述反射層210的表面。 所述電極206可設置於加熱層2〇4的同一表面上也可 a又置於加熱層204的不同表面上。所述電極2〇6可通過奈 米碳管層的黏性或導電黏結劑（圖未示）設置於該加熱層 204的表面上。導電黏結劑實現電極2〇6與奈米碳管層電 10 201006296 接觸的同時，還可將電極206更好地固定於奈米碳管層的 表面上。通過該兩個電極206可對加熱層2〇4施加電壓。 其中，兩個電極206之間相隔設置，以使採用奈米碳管層 的加熱層204通電發熱時接入一定的阻值避免短路現象產 生。優選地，由於線狀基底202直徑較小，兩個電極2〇6 間隔設置於線狀基底202的兩端’並環繞設置於加熱層2〇4 的表面。 θ 所述電極206為導電薄膜、金屬片或者金屬引線。該 導電薄膜的材料可為金屬、合金、銦錫氧化物（ιτ〇)、録 錫氧化物（ΑΤΟ)、導電銀膠、導電聚合物等。該導電薄膜 可通過物理氣相沈積法、化學氣相沈積法或其他方法形成 於加熱層204表面。該金屬片或者金屬引線的材料可為銅 片或鋁片等。該金屬片可通過導電黏結劑固定於加埶層 :述電極206還可為一奈米碳管結構。該奈米碳管結 構包裹或纏繞於反射層21〇的表面。該奈米碳管結構可通 過其自身的黏性或導電黏結劑以於反射層加的表面。 =奈^管結構包括定向排列且㈣分佈的金屬性奈米碳 二：體地太該奈米碳管結構包括至少一有序奈米 膜或至少一奈米碳管長線。 優選地，將兩個有序奈米碳管薄膜分別 長度方向的兩端作為電極2〇6。該 ==米碳管薄膜環繞於加熱層2〇4的内表面，並通 過導電黏、、劑與加熱層204之間形成電接觸。所述導電黏 11 201006296 銀膠。由於本實施例中的加熱層2〇4也採用奈 姆阻故’電極2〇6與加熱層綱之間具有較小的歐 姆接觸電阻，可提高線熱源2G對電能的利用率。 矜r =述Γ緣保護層的材料為"絕緣材料，如··橡膠、 “=述絕緣保護層厚度不限，可根據實際情況 實施财，該絕緣保護層細的材料採用橡膠， 〇.5〜2笔米。該絕緣保護層208可通過塗敷或包 參 用* n 成於加熱層2G4的表面。所述絕緣保護層208 =防止該線熱源20使㈣與外界形成電接觸，同時還可 二，熱層204中的奈米碳管層吸附外界雜質。該絕緣保 濩層208為一可選擇結構。 中對厗度為1〇〇微米的奈米碳管層進行電 熱性能測量。該牟半石患& ®且C r- , ^ 茨不木石反官層長5厘米，寬3厘米。將該奈 米碳管層包裹於一直徑為1厘米的線狀基底202上’且立 位於兩個電極裏之間的長度為3厘米。電流沿著線狀基 ❹底202的長度方向流入。測量儀器為紅外測溫儀 59田把加電壓於1伏〜20伏，加熱功率為丄瓦〜4〇 瓦時二奈米碳管層的表面溫度為5(rc〜5〇(rc。可見，該奈 米碳管層具有較高的電熱轉換效率。對於具有黑體結構的 物體來說，其所對應的溫度為20CTC〜450t時就能發出人 目^看不見的熱輻射（紅外線），此時的熱輻射最穩定、效率 最咼，所產生的熱輻射熱量最大。 該線熱源20使用時’可將其設置於所要加熱的物體表 面或將其與被加熱的物體間隔設置，利用其熱輻射即可進 12 201006296 行加熱。另Y還可將複數個該線熱源20排列成各種預定的 圖形使用。該線熱源20可廣泛應用於電加熱器、紅外治療 儀、電暖器等領域。 本實轭例中，由於奈米碳管具有奈米級的直徑，使得 衣備的奈米 < 官結構可具有較小的厚度，&，採用小直徑 的線狀基底可製備微型線熱源。奈米石炭管具有強的抗腐钱 性，使其可於酸性環境中工作。而且，奈米碳管具有極強 的穩疋性’即使於3_。〇以上高溫的真空環境下工作而不 a刀解，使a亥線熱源2〇適合於真空高溫下工作。另，奈米 $管比同體積的鋼強度高1〇〇倍，重量卻只有其1/6，故， 才木用奈米奴官的線熱源2〇具有更高的強度及更輕的重量。 β综上所述，本發明確已符合發明專利之要件，遂依法 提出專利中請。惟’以上所述者僅為本發明之較佳實施例， 自不mb限制本案之巾請專利範圍。舉凡熟悉本案技藝 ^人士k依本發明之精神所作之等效修飾或變化，皆應涵 _蓋於以下申請專利範圍内。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1為先前技術的線熱源的結構示意圖。 圖2為本技術方案實施例的線熱源的結構示意圖 圖3為圖2的線熱源沿線m m的剖面示意圖 〇 圖4為圖3的線熱源沿線IV -IV的剖面示意圖 【主要元件符號說明】 線熱源 支架 10, 20 102 13 201006296 加熱層 104, 204 保護層 106 夾緊件 108 電極 110, 206 線狀基底 202 絕緣保護層 208 反射層 210201006296 IX. INSTRUCTIONS: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a line heat source, and more particularly to a line heat source. [Prior Art] Heat plays an important role in people's production, life, and scientific research. Line heat sources are commonly used in heat sources, such as electric heaters, infrared therapeutic devices, and electric heaters. Referring to FIG. 1, the prior art provides a line heat source 1A, which includes a hollow cylindrical bracket 102; a heating layer 104 is disposed on the surface of the bracket 1〇2, and an insulating protective layer 1〇6 is disposed on the heating layer 1〇 4 surfaces; two electrodes 110 are respectively disposed at two ends of the bracket 102 and electrically connected to the heating layer 1〇4; the two clamping members 108 respectively fix the two electrodes 110 and the heating layer 1〇4 to the two ends of the bracket 102 . Among them, the heating layer 104 is usually formed by winding or wrapping a carbon fiber paper. When a voltage is applied to the line heat source 10 through the two electrodes 11', the heating layer 1?4 generates Joule heat and conducts heat radiation around it. The carbon fiber paper includes a paper substrate and pitch-based carbon fibers randomly distributed in the paper substrate. Among them, the paper substrate comprises a mixture of cellulose fibers and a resin, and the pitch-based carbon fibers have a diameter of 3 to 6 mm and a length of 5 to 20 μm. However, the use of carbon fiber paper as a heating layer has the following disadvantages: First, the thickness of the carbon fiber paper is large, generally several tens of micrometers, making the line heat source difficult to be made into a micro structure and cannot be applied to the heating of micro devices. Second, since the carbon fiber paper contains a paper substrate, the density of the carbon fiber paper is large and the weight is 201006296, which makes the use of the carbon fiber paper line heat source inconvenient. Third, since the pitch-based carbon fibers in the carbon fiber paper are disorderly distributed, the carbon fiber paper has a small strength, is inferior in flexibility, and is easily broken, thereby limiting its due range. Fourth, carbon fiber paper has low electrothermal conversion efficiency, which is not conducive to energy conservation and environmental protection. In view of this, it is necessary to provide a line heat source which is small in weight, high in strength, suitable for heating of a micro device, and has low electrothermal conversion efficiency, which is advantageous for energy saving and environmental protection. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The seeding heat source includes a linear substrate; a heating layer is disposed on the surface of the linear substrate; and two electrodes are disposed on the surface of the heating layer, and are electrically connected to the heating layer, respectively, wherein the heating The layer includes at least one carbon nanotube layer.所述 Compared with the prior art, the linear heat source has the following advantages: First, the nano-manufacturer can conveniently make a carbon nanotube layer of any size, which can be applied to both macroscopic and microscopic fields. Second, the carbon nanotubes have a smaller density than the carbon fibers. Therefore, the line heat source using the carbon nanotube layer has a lighter weight and is convenient to use. Third, the carbon nanotube layer has high electrothermal conversion efficiency and low thermal resistance. Therefore, the line heat source has the characteristics of rapid temperature rise, small thermal hysteresis, and fast heat exchange rate. [Embodiment] Hereinafter, a line heat source of the present technical solution will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Please refer to ® 2 (4) 4, the embodiment of the technical solution provides a line heat source 20, which comprises a linear substrate 2〇2; a reflective layer 21〇 is disposed on the surface of the line-shaped substrate 202; a heating layer 2〇4 Provided on the surface of the 201006296 reflective layer 210, the two electrodes 2〇6 recognize that the main gate is located on the surface of the heating layer 204 and is in the same position as the heating layer 2〇4 The insulating protective layer 208 is placed on the surface of the heating layer 204. The length of the line heat source and 2 turns is not limited, and is from micrometers to L5 centimeters. The line heat source of this embodiment preferably has a diameter of 1.1 mm to 1.1 cm. The linear substrate is lifted and supported, and the material thereof may be a hard material such as ceramics, glass, resin, quartz, etc., or a flexible material such as plastic or flexible fiber may be selected. When the linear substrate 202 is a flexible material, the linear heat source 20 can be bent into any shape as needed. The length, diameter and shape of the linear substrate 2G2 are not limited and can be selected according to actual needs. The preferred linear substrate 202 of this embodiment is a ceramic rod having a diameter of 1 millimeter to 1 centimeter. The material of the reflective layer 210 is a white insulating material such as a metal oxide, a metal salt or a ceramic. In the present embodiment, the material of the reflective layer 21 ◎ is preferably aluminum oxide having a thickness of from 1 μm to 5 mm. The counter-reflecting layer 210 is deposited on the surface of the linear substrate 2〇2 by sputtering. The reflective layer 210 is used to reflect the heat generated by the heating layer 204 to make it effective to the outside space. Therefore, the reflective layer 21 is an optional structure. The heating layer 204 includes a carbon nanotube layer. The carbon nanotube layer may be wrapped or wound around the surface of the reflective layer 210. The carbon nanotube layer may be bonded to the reflective layer 210 by its own viscosity, or may be connected to the reflective layer 210 by a binder. The binder is silicone. It will be understood that when the line heat source 20 does not include the reflective layer 210, the heating layer 204 may be directly wrapped or wrapped around the surface of the linear substrate 202. 201006296 The length, width and thickness of the carbon nanotube layer are not limited and can be prepared according to the actual needs. The carbon nanotube layer # provided by the technical solution has a length of U cm 'width of 1 to 10 cm and a thickness of 〇〇 1 μm to 2 mm. It can be understood that the thermal response speed of the carbon nanotube layer is related to its thickness. In the case of the same area, the greater the thickness of the carbon nanotube layer, the slower the thermal response speed; conversely, the smaller the thickness of the carbon nanotube layer, the faster the thermal response speed. The carbon nanotube layer includes a plurality of uniformly distributed carbon nanotubes. The nano-carboniferous tubes in the nano-burden layer are ordered or disorderly arranged. The nanometer carbon f of the nanocarbon tube includes one or more of a single-walled carbon nanotube, a double-walled carbon nanotube, and a multi-walled carbon nanotube. The diameter of the single-walled carbon nanotube is 0.5 nm to 10 nm, the diameter of the double-walled carbon nanotube is 1 〇 nanometer ~ ^ nanometer, and the diameter of the multi-walled carbon nanotube is 1 gt; Meters ~ 5 〇 nano. The length of the carbon nanotubes is greater than 50 microns. In this embodiment, the length of the nano tube is preferably 200 to 900 μm. Since the carbon nanotube layer in the carbon nanotube layer has good flexibility, the carbon nanotube layer has good flexibility and can be bent into any shape without breaking. In this embodiment, the heating layer 204 is a carbon nanotube layer having a thickness of 1 μm. The carbon nanotube layer has a length of 5 cm and the carbon nanotube film has a width of 3 cm. The carbon nanotube layer is wrapped around the surface of the reflective layer 210 by the viscosity of the carbon nanotube layer itself. The electrodes 206 may be disposed on the same surface of the heating layer 2〇4 or may be placed on different surfaces of the heating layer 204. The electrode 2〇6 may be disposed on the surface of the heating layer 204 through a viscous or conductive adhesive (not shown) of the carbon nanotube layer. The conductive adhesive allows the electrode 206 to be better attached to the surface of the carbon nanotube layer while the electrode 2〇6 is in contact with the carbon nanotube layer 10 201006296. A voltage can be applied to the heating layer 2〇4 through the two electrodes 206. Wherein, the two electrodes 206 are spaced apart to allow a certain resistance to be avoided when the heating layer 204 using the carbon nanotube layer is energized and heated to avoid short circuit. Preferably, since the linear substrate 202 has a small diameter, the two electrodes 2〇6 are spaced apart from both ends of the linear substrate 202 and surround the surface of the heating layer 2〇4. θ The electrode 206 is a conductive film, a metal piece or a metal lead. The material of the conductive film may be a metal, an alloy, an indium tin oxide (ITO), a tin oxide (yttrium), a conductive silver paste, a conductive polymer or the like. The electroconductive thin film can be formed on the surface of the heating layer 204 by physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition or the like. The material of the metal piece or the metal lead may be a copper piece or an aluminum piece or the like. The metal piece may be fixed to the twisted layer by a conductive adhesive: the electrode 206 may also be a carbon nanotube structure. The carbon nanotube structure is wrapped or wound around the surface of the reflective layer 21〇. The carbon nanotube structure can be applied to the surface of the reflective layer by its own viscous or conductive adhesive. The tube structure comprises an oriented and (four) distributed metallic nanocarbon. The body carbon nanotube structure comprises at least one ordered nanomembrane or at least one nanotube long line. Preferably, both ends of the two ordered carbon nanotube films in the longitudinal direction are referred to as electrodes 2〇6. The == mich tube film surrounds the inner surface of the heating layer 2〇4 and is in electrical contact with the heating layer 204 through the conductive paste. The conductive adhesive 11 201006296 silver glue. Since the heating layer 2〇4 in the present embodiment also has a small ohmic contact resistance between the electrode 2〇6 and the heating layer using the nano-resistance, the utilization ratio of the electric energy by the line heat source 2G can be improved.矜r = The material of the protective layer of the edge is "insulating material, such as ·············=================================================================== 5 to 2 pens. The insulating protective layer 208 can be formed on the surface of the heating layer 2G4 by coating or coating. The insulating protective layer 208 = preventing the line heat source 20 from making electrical contact with the outside world. Alternatively, the carbon nanotube layer in the thermal layer 204 adsorbs external impurities. The insulating layer 208 is an optional structure. The carbon nanotube layer having a twist of 1 〇〇 micrometer is subjected to electrothermal performance measurement. The scorpion stone & ® and C r- , ^ 不 木 反 反 反 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 将该 将该 将该 将该 将该 将该 将该 将该 将该 将该 将该 将该 将该 将该 将该 将该 将该 将该 将该 将该 将该 将该 将该The length between the two electrodes is 3 cm. The current flows in the direction of the length of the linear base 102. The measuring instrument is an infrared thermometer 59. The field is applied with a voltage of 1 volt to 20 volts, and the heating power is 丄W. The surface temperature of the ~4 〇 watt hour carbon nanotube layer is 5 (rc~5〇(rc. visible, the nai The carbon tube layer has a high electrothermal conversion efficiency. For an object having a black body structure, the temperature corresponding to the temperature of 20 CTC to 450 t can emit invisible heat radiation (infrared), and the heat radiation at this time is the most Stable and most efficient, the heat generated by the heat is the largest. When the line heat source 20 is used, it can be placed on the surface of the object to be heated or placed at a distance from the object to be heated, and the heat radiation can be used. 201006296 row heating. Another Y can also arrange a plurality of the line heat sources 20 into various predetermined patterns. The line heat source 20 can be widely used in the fields of electric heaters, infrared therapeutic apparatus, electric heaters, and the like. Since the carbon nanotubes have a nanometer diameter, the nanostructure of the clothing can have a small thickness, and a microwire heat source can be prepared by using a small diameter linear substrate. It has strong anti-corrosion property, which makes it work in acidic environment. Moreover, the carbon nanotubes have strong stability. Even if it is working in a vacuum environment with a temperature higher than 3 〇, it does not work. a The hotline 2 亥 is suitable for working under vacuum and high temperature. In addition, the nanometer tube is 1 times higher than the same volume of steel, and its weight is only 1/6. Therefore, it is the line heat source of the nano slave officer. 2〇 has higher strength and lighter weight. In summary, the present invention has indeed met the requirements of the invention patent, and the patent is filed according to law. However, the above description is only a preferred implementation of the present invention. For example, the scope of the patent is limited to the scope of the patent. The equivalent modifications or changes made by the person skilled in the art in accordance with the spirit of the present invention shall be covered by the following patent application. 1 is a schematic structural view of a line heat source of the prior art. FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a line heat source according to an embodiment of the present technology. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the line heat source of FIG. 2 along line mm. FIG. 4 is a line of the line heat source of FIG. Schematic diagram of IV-IV [Description of main components] Linear heat source bracket 10, 20 102 13 201006296 Heating layer 104, 204 Protective layer 106 Clamping member 108 Electrode 110, 206 Linear substrate 202 Insulating protective layer 208 Reflecting layer 210
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