200940920 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明涉及一種太陽能集熱器。 【先前技術】 隨著現代工業和社會的發展，人類社會對於資源和能 源的依賴日益加強。而眾所周知，地球上的資源和能源係 有限的，故在各種經濟、政治、科學研究活動中，資源和 能源的問題成了首要問題。而由於部分資源可以通過一些 ❹人為的過程加以回收再利用。因此，能源的問題更為突出一。 太陽能係人類可以利用的最豐富的能源，也係最廉價的， 最潔淨的，最有發展前途的能源。太陽能電池和太陽能集 熱器係直接利用和吸收太陽能的主要方式。與太陽能電池 相比較，太陽能集熱器的效率較高，遠高於其他太陽能利 用的方式。但目前太陽能集熱器由於受結構和材料等方面 的因素局限，應用範圍和領域還比較窄。 ❹ 現在廣泛應用的太陽能集熱器分為太陽能管式集熱器 (請參見真空管太陽能家用熱水器及其東西向和南北向放 置的比較，太陽能學報，吳家慶等，v〇i9，p396-405(1988)) 和太陽能板式集熱器兩種。請參閱圖1，為先前技術中太 知月b管式集熱器300，包含一放置於地面上的座體3〇、一 裝設於該座體30 —側的儲水桶32、及連接所述座體3〇另 一侧與所述儲水桶32之間的真空吸熱管34。當該真空吸 熱管34接收到太陽能後，利用冷水比熱水比重大的原理， 而產生冷水下流、熱水上升現象，進而使所述真空吸熱管 7 200940920 34内的液體達到自然對流循環加熱，具有良好的保溫性。 .然而，當太陽光照射到所述真空吸熱管34時，會因該真空 吸熱管34的圓管曲線’而將光能反射到其他地方，造成有 效集熱面積變小、導熱效率不佳。而且，所述真空吸熱管 34的内侧會生成水垢’故需要定期清潔、保養，以維持良 好的熱傳導效率，不但費時而且費力。 太陽能板式集熱器的出現克服了所述太陽能管式集熱 器300中出現的問題。請參閱圖2，先前技術中的太陽能 板式集熱器500包含一上基板5〇、一下基板52、邊框支架 56和複數個支撐物58。其中，所述上基板5〇為一透光基 板，下基板52為一吸熱板，由銅、鋁合金（要求防銹鋁）、 不銹鋼、鋅等材料製成。所述上基板5〇和下基板52構成 一空腔60，該空腔60的兩側設有邊框支架56。所述上基 板50和下基板52之間設置有複數個支撐物兄。 然而，所述下基板52的製備過程，需要在較高的真空 ❹絕熱裱境下進行，並要加熱到較高的溫度，生產工藝複雜。 因此，使得下基板52的製備過程中的成本較高，從而相應 地使得所述太陽能板式集熱器5〇0的成本較高，不適於大 面積普及推廣應用’而且所述太陽能板式集熱器5〇0對太 陽能的轉化效率較低。 有馨於此，提供一種具有較高的轉化效率，且製備過 程中的成本較低、適於大面積普及推廣應用的太陽能集熱 器實為必要。 【發明内容】 8 200940920 . 一種太^能集熱器包括一上基板、一下基板、一吸熱 •層、一邊框支架和複數個支撐物。所述上基板和所述下基 板相對設置。所述邊框支架設置於所述上基板和下基板之 間。所述上基板、下基板及邊框支架共同構成一空腔。所 述吸熱層設置於所述下基板位於所述空腔内的上表面。所 述複數個支撐物間隔地設置於所述空腔内，並分別與所述 上基板和吸熱層相接觸。所述吸熱層為一奈米碳管結構。 ❹ 與先前技術相比較，所述太陽能集熱器具有以下優 點·其一 ’由於奈米碳管具有良好的吸熱性，故，採用奈 米碳管結構作吸熱層，可提高太陽能集熱器對太陽能的能 量轉化效率’對太陽能吸收均勻。其二，由於奈米碳管結 構的製備過程中的成本較低’故，採用奈米碳管結構作吸 熱層，適於大面積普及推廣應用。 【實施方式】 以下將結合附圖詳細說明本技術方案太陽能集熱器及 ❹其製備方法。 請參閱圖3及圖4，本技術方案實施例提供一種太陽 能集熱器100包括一上基板1〇、一下基板12、一吸熱廣 14、一邊框支架16和複數個支撐物18。所述上基板1〇和 所述下基板12相對設置。所述邊框支架16設置於所述上 基板10和下基板12之間。所述上基板1〇、下基板12及 邊框支架16共同構成一空腔20。所述吸熱層14設置於所 述下基板12位於所述空腔20内的上表面121。所述複數 個支樓物18間隔地設置於所述空腔20内，並分別與所述 200940920 上基板10和吸熱層14相接觸。所述吸熱層14為一奈米碳 管結構。 所述上基板10為一透光基板’該上基板10採用透明 材料製成，如玻璃、塑膠、透明陶瓷、高分子透明材料等。 所述上基板10的厚度為100微米〜5毫米，優選為3毫米。 所述上基板10的形狀不限，可以係三角形、六邊形、四邊 形等。 所述下基板12為一集熱基板，該下基板12可採用玻 璃製成’或者採用導熱性能較好的材料製成，如辞、鋁或 者不銹鋼等。所述下基板12的厚度為1〇〇微米〜5毫米， 優選為3毫米。所述下基板12的形狀不限，可以係三角形、 六邊形、四邊形等。 所述邊框支架16可採用玻璃等材料製成。所述邊框支 架16的高度為100微米〜500微米，優選為15〇微米〜25〇 微米。 ❹ 所述空腔20内為真空絕熱環境，抑制空氣的自然對 流，從而減少所述太陽能集熱器1〇〇中對流換熱的損失， 起到保溫作用，從而大大提高所述太陽能集熱器ι〇〇的熱 效率。所述空腔20内也可以不採取真空的環境，還可以在 其中形成-種能夠透光且保溫的間隔層，該 個空腔，可以由透明的泡珠型材料如耐熱塑膠製成，、也可 以採用一些導熱效果較差的氣體如氮氣充當間隔層。 所述吸熱層14為-奈米碳f結構，該奈 括無序奈米碳管層、有序奈米碳管層或者奈米碳管複合材 200940920 料層:該奈米碳管結構中奈来碳管均句分佈，可為單壁奈 .米碳管、雙壁奈米碳管或者多壁奈米碳管。當奈米碳管結 構中的奈米碳管為單壁奈米碳管時，該單壁奈米碳管的直 徑為0.5奈米〜50奈米。當奈米碳管結構中的奈米碳管為 雙壁奈米碳管時，該雙壁奈米碳管的直徑為1〇奈米〜5〇 奈米。當奈米碳管結構中的奈米碳管為多壁奈米碳管時， 該多壁奈米碳管的直徑為15奈米〜5〇奈米。所述奈来碳 管結構包括黑色的奈米材料即奈来碳管，利用奈米碳管穩 定性好和導熱率高的優異特性，所述奈米碳管結構對於太 陽光有較好的吸收特性。所述太陽能集熱器1〇〇中吸熱層 14對太陽光的吸收率隨吸熱層14厚度的增加而增加，即 所述吸熱層U的厚度越厚，對於太陽㈣吸收效率越高。 所述吸熱層14的厚度大於3微米。 ★所述無序奈米碳管層包括複數個無序排列的奈米碳 管。該奈米碳管在無序奈米礙管層中相互纏繞或者各向同 ❹性。 ^所述有序奈米碳管層包括複數個有序排列的奈米碳 管’，奈米碳管沿固定方向擇優取向排列。所述的複數個 奈米奴管在該有序奈米碳管層十平行於所述有序奈米碳管 層的表面排列’且沿同一方向或者沿複數個方向擇優取向 排列。 所述奈米碳管複合材料層包括導電金屬微粒、低熔點 玻有機載體及複數個奈米碳管。該奈米碳管在所述奈 米碳管複合材料層令無序排列且均勻分佈。所述奈米碳管 11 200940920 複合材料層中奈米碳管的含量為80%以上。 ❹ ❹ 本實施例中’所述吸熱層14為有序奈米碳管層，優選 採用至少一有序奈米碳管薄膜作為吸熱層14。請參閱圖 5 ’該有序奈米碳管薄膜通過直接拉伸一奈米碳管陣列獲 得。該有序奈米碳管薄膜包括沿同一方向定向排列的奈米 碳官。具體地，所述有序奈米碳管薄膜包括複數個首尾相 連且長度相等的奈米碳管束141。所述奈米碳管束141的 兩鈿通過凡德瓦爾力相互連接。每個奈米碳管束141包括 複數個長度相等且平行排列的奈米碳管142。所述相鄰的 奈米碳管142之間通過凡德瓦爾力緊密結合。所述有序奈 米碳皆薄膜係由奈米碳管陣列經進一步處理得到的，故其 長度與寬度和奈米碳管陣列所生長的基底的尺寸有關。可 根據實際需求制得。本實施例中，採用氣相沈積法於4英 寸的基底生長超順排奈米碳管陣列。所述有序奈米碳管薄 膜的寬度可為0.01厘米〜10厘米，厚度為1〇奈米〜議微 米。採用該有序奈米碳管薄膜作為所述太陽能集熱器100 的吸熱層，對太陽光可以均勻吸收。 Θ可以理解，所述吸熱層14可以進—步包括至少兩個重 1置的有序奈米碳管薄膜。相㈣兩個 ^中的奈米碳管沿同-方向排列或沿不同方向排列， 地，相鄰的兩個有序奈米碳管薄膜中的奈米碳管具有二 二角度α且0度^^90度，具體可依據實際需求製備。 :以:解:由於吸熱層14中的有序奈米碳管薄膜可重疊設 上述吸熱層14的厚度不限，可根據實際需要製成 12 200940920 ;〇二壬度的吸熱層14。請參閱圖6，為太陽能集熱器 女陽/熱層14為有序奈米碳管薄膜時，該吸熱層14對 善山的吸收率^吸熱層14厚度的變化圖，從圖6中可以 勒jg所述吸熱層U的吸收率隨厚度的增加而增加。當吸 ::4的厚度為1〇微米時’該吸熱層“對於太陽 收效率可以達到96%。 ❹200940920 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention pertains] The present invention relates to a solar collector. [Prior Art] With the development of modern industry and society, human society is increasingly dependent on resources and energy. As we all know, the resources and energy systems on the earth are limited. Therefore, in various economic, political and scientific research activities, the problems of resources and energy have become the primary issues. And because some resources can be recycled and reused through some artificial processes. Therefore, the issue of energy is more prominent. Solar energy is the most abundant energy available to humans, and it is also the cheapest, cleanest, and most promising source of energy. Solar cells and solar collectors are the primary means of directly utilizing and absorbing solar energy. Compared with solar cells, solar collectors are more efficient than other solar energy sources. However, due to the limitations of structure and materials, solar collectors are still narrow in scope and field of application.太阳能 Solar collectors widely used today are divided into solar tube collectors (see vacuum tube solar home water heaters and their east-west and north-south placement comparisons, Journal of Solar Energy, Wu Jiaqing, etc., v〇i9, p396-405 ( 1988)) and solar panel collectors. Referring to FIG. 1 , in the prior art, the T-tube tube collector 300 includes a seat body 3〇 placed on the ground, a water storage barrel 32 mounted on the side of the seat body 30, and a connection station. A vacuum heat absorbing tube 34 between the other side of the seat body 3 and the water storage tank 32 is illustrated. When the vacuum heat absorbing tube 34 receives the solar energy, the cold water flow and the hot water rise phenomenon are generated by using the principle that the cold water ratio is greater than the hot water ratio, so that the liquid in the vacuum heat absorption tube 7 200940920 34 is naturally convectively heated. Has good insulation. However, when sunlight is applied to the vacuum heat absorbing tube 34, light energy is reflected to other places due to the circular tube curve ' of the vacuum heat absorbing tube 34, resulting in a small effective heat collecting area and poor heat conduction efficiency. Further, the inside of the vacuum heat absorbing tube 34 generates scales, so regular cleaning and maintenance are required to maintain good heat transfer efficiency, which is time consuming and laborious. The advent of solar panel collectors overcomes the problems that arise in the solar tube collector 300. Referring to FIG. 2, the solar panel collector 500 of the prior art includes an upper substrate 5, a lower substrate 52, a frame holder 56, and a plurality of supports 58. The upper substrate 5 is a light-transmitting substrate, and the lower substrate 52 is a heat-absorbing plate made of copper, aluminum alloy (required rust-proof aluminum), stainless steel, zinc and the like. The upper substrate 5 and the lower substrate 52 constitute a cavity 60, and the frame 60 is provided on both sides of the cavity 60. A plurality of support brothers are disposed between the upper substrate 50 and the lower substrate 52. However, the preparation process of the lower substrate 52 needs to be carried out under a high vacuum and adiabatic environment, and is heated to a higher temperature, and the production process is complicated. Therefore, the cost in the preparation process of the lower substrate 52 is made higher, so that the cost of the solar panel type collector 5 〇 0 is correspondingly high, and is not suitable for popularization and application of large-area 'and the solar panel type collector The conversion efficiency of 5〇0 to solar energy is low. It is necessary to provide a solar collector with high conversion efficiency and low cost in the preparation process, which is suitable for popularization and application in a large area. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 8 200940920. A solar energy collector includes an upper substrate, a lower substrate, a heat absorbing layer, a frame bracket and a plurality of supports. The upper substrate and the lower substrate are disposed opposite each other. The frame bracket is disposed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate. The upper substrate, the lower substrate and the frame bracket together form a cavity. The heat absorbing layer is disposed on an upper surface of the lower substrate within the cavity. The plurality of supports are disposed in the cavity at intervals and are in contact with the upper substrate and the heat absorbing layer, respectively. The heat absorbing layer is a carbon nanotube structure.太阳能 Compared with the prior art, the solar collector has the following advantages: First, since the carbon nanotube has good heat absorption, the carbon nanotube structure is used as the heat absorbing layer, and the solar collector can be improved. The energy conversion efficiency of solar energy 'is absorbed evenly by solar energy. Second, due to the low cost in the preparation of the carbon nanotube structure, the carbon nanotube structure is used as the heat absorbing layer, which is suitable for popularization and application in large areas. [Embodiment] Hereinafter, a solar collector of the present technical solution and a method for preparing the same will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Referring to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 , the embodiment of the present invention provides a solar energy collector 100 including an upper substrate 1 , a lower substrate 12 , a heat absorption cover 14 , a frame support 16 , and a plurality of supports 18 . The upper substrate 1A and the lower substrate 12 are disposed opposite to each other. The frame holder 16 is disposed between the upper substrate 10 and the lower substrate 12. The upper substrate 1 , the lower substrate 12 and the frame holder 16 together form a cavity 20 . The heat absorbing layer 14 is disposed on the upper surface 121 of the lower substrate 12 located in the cavity 20. The plurality of branches 18 are disposed in the cavity 20 at intervals and are respectively in contact with the upper substrate 10 and the heat absorbing layer 14 of the 200940920. The heat absorbing layer 14 is a carbon nanotube structure. The upper substrate 10 is a transparent substrate. The upper substrate 10 is made of a transparent material such as glass, plastic, transparent ceramic, polymer transparent material or the like. The upper substrate 10 has a thickness of 100 μm to 5 mm, preferably 3 mm. The shape of the upper substrate 10 is not limited and may be a triangle, a hexagon, a quadrangle or the like. The lower substrate 12 is a heat collecting substrate, and the lower substrate 12 may be made of glass or made of a material having good thermal conductivity, such as rhodium, aluminum or stainless steel. The lower substrate 12 has a thickness of 1 μm to 5 mm, preferably 3 mm. The shape of the lower substrate 12 is not limited and may be a triangle, a hexagon, a quadrangle or the like. The frame bracket 16 may be made of a material such as glass. The height of the frame support 16 is from 100 micrometers to 500 micrometers, preferably from 15 micrometers to 25 micrometers. ❹ The cavity 20 is a vacuum insulation environment, which suppresses the natural convection of the air, thereby reducing the loss of convective heat transfer in the solar collector 1 , and maintaining the heat preservation effect, thereby greatly improving the solar collector. 〇〇 Thermal efficiency. The cavity 20 may also be in a vacuum-free environment, and a spacer layer capable of transmitting light and maintaining heat may be formed therein, and the cavity may be made of a transparent bubble-shaped material such as heat-resistant plastic, It is also possible to use some gas having a poor thermal conductivity such as nitrogen as a spacer layer. The heat absorbing layer 14 is a nano carbon f structure, and the reverse carbon nanotube layer, the ordered carbon nanotube layer or the carbon nanotube composite material 200940920 material layer: the carbon nanotube structure The carbon tube is distributed uniformly, and can be a single-walled nanometer carbon tube, a double-walled carbon nanotube or a multi-walled carbon nanotube. When the carbon nanotube in the carbon nanotube structure is a single-walled carbon nanotube, the diameter of the single-walled carbon nanotube is from 0.5 nm to 50 nm. When the carbon nanotube in the carbon nanotube structure is a double-walled carbon nanotube, the diameter of the double-walled carbon nanotube is 1 〇 nanometer to 5 〇 nanometer. When the carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube structure are multi-walled carbon nanotubes, the diameter of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes is 15 nm to 5 Å. The carbon nanotube structure comprises a black nano material, that is, a nylon carbon tube, and the nano carbon tube structure has good absorption of sunlight by utilizing excellent characteristics of good stability and high thermal conductivity of the carbon nanotube. characteristic. The absorption rate of sunlight by the heat absorbing layer 14 in the solar collector 1 increases as the thickness of the heat absorbing layer 14 increases, that is, the thicker the thickness of the heat absorbing layer U, the higher the absorption efficiency for the sun (four). The heat absorbing layer 14 has a thickness greater than 3 microns. ★ The disordered carbon nanotube layer comprises a plurality of randomly arranged carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotubes are intertwined or homogenous in the disordered nano-tube layer. The ordered carbon nanotube layer comprises a plurality of ordered carbon nanotubes, and the carbon nanotubes are arranged in a preferred orientation along a fixed direction. The plurality of nanotubes are arranged in the ordered carbon nanotube layer ten parallel to the surface of the ordered carbon nanotube layer and are arranged in the same direction or in a plurality of directions. The carbon nanotube composite layer comprises conductive metal particles, a low melting glass organic carrier and a plurality of carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotubes are disorderly arranged and evenly distributed in the carbon nanotube composite layer. The content of the carbon nanotubes in the composite layer of the carbon nanotubes 11 200940920 is 80% or more. ❹ ❹ In the present embodiment, the heat absorbing layer 14 is an ordered carbon nanotube layer, and at least one ordered carbon nanotube film is preferably used as the heat absorbing layer 14. Please refer to Figure 5'. The ordered carbon nanotube film is obtained by directly stretching a carbon nanotube array. The ordered carbon nanotube film comprises nanocarbon directors oriented in the same direction. Specifically, the ordered carbon nanotube film comprises a plurality of carbon nanotube bundles 141 which are connected end to end and of equal length. The two turns of the carbon nanotube bundle 141 are connected to each other by a van der Waals force. Each of the carbon nanotube bundles 141 includes a plurality of carbon nanotube tubes 142 of equal length and arranged in parallel. The adjacent carbon nanotubes 142 are tightly bonded by van der Waals force. The ordered carbon nanotube film is further processed by the carbon nanotube array, so its length and width are related to the size of the substrate on which the carbon nanotube array is grown. It can be made according to actual needs. In this example, a super-sequential carbon nanotube array was grown on a 4 inch substrate by vapor deposition. The ordered carbon nanotube film may have a width of 0.01 cm to 10 cm and a thickness of 1 〇 nanometer to 10 micrometers. The ordered carbon nanotube film is used as the heat absorbing layer of the solar heat collector 100, and the sunlight can be uniformly absorbed. It will be understood that the heat absorbing layer 14 may further comprise at least two ordered carbon nanotube films. The carbon nanotubes in the two phases are arranged in the same direction or in different directions. The carbon nanotubes in the adjacent two ordered carbon nanotube films have two angles α and 0 degrees. ^^90 degrees, specifically can be prepared according to actual needs. The solution is as follows: Since the thickness of the ordered carbon nanotube film in the heat absorbing layer 14 can be overlapped, the thickness of the heat absorbing layer 14 is not limited, and the heat absorbing layer 14 of 12 200940920 can be made according to actual needs. Referring to FIG. 6 , when the solar collector/heat layer 14 of the solar collector is an ordered carbon nanotube film, the absorption rate of the heat absorption layer 14 on the Shanshan absorption layer and the thickness of the heat absorption layer 14 can be changed from FIG. 6 . The absorption rate of the endothermic layer U increases as the thickness increases. When the thickness of the suction ::4 is 1 〇 micron, the heat absorbing layer “can reach 96% for solar harvesting efficiency. ❹
^所述有序奈米碳管_係由奈米碳管陣列經進一步處 理付到的’其長度和寬度可以較準確地控制。該有序夺米 碳管薄膜中奈米碳管首尾相連，且長度相等並均句、有序 刀佈將所述有序奈来碳管薄膜用作吸熱層14時，可提高 所述太陽能集熱器的吸熱效率。進一步’所述奈米碳管薄 膜，有初性’ m折成任意形狀，方便製成各種形狀的 太陽能集熱器，適於大面積普及推廣應用。 請參閱圖7,為採用有序奈米碳管薄膜作為所述太陽 能集熱器100中吸熱層14時’有序奈米碳管薄膜的透射譜 和反射譜。有序奈米碳管薄膜對太陽光的總能量可以分為 吸收、透射和反射三部分。從圖7中可以看出，有序奈米 碳管薄膜對於波長範圍在36〇奈米〜86〇奈米的太陽光^都 具有較低的透射率和反射率，由此可見，93%98%的太陽 能都被有序奈米碳管薄膜所吸收。請參閱圖8,為根據圖6 所得測量結果計算出來的所述太陽能集熱器1〇〇中有序奈 米碳管薄膜的吸收效率。從圖中可以看出，有序奈米碳管 薄膜對於太陽能具有93%-98%的吸收效率。 所述複數個支撐物18用於抵抗大氣壓力，加強所述太 13 200940920 .陽能集熱器的牢固性。所述支撐物18的高度和所述邊 框支架16的高度相肖。所述支樓物18係由吸熱性較弱的 材料製成，如玻璃。該支撐物18的形狀不限，可以為玻璃 珠或者玻璃絲等。 另外，所述太陽能集熱器100為一平板型結構。所述 太陽能集熱器100還可製成其他的各種形狀，比如柱面、 球面等多種曲面形式。所述太陽能集熱器100可以廣泛應 用於建築結構的外牆上，從而實J見為建築物内部的供暖。 所述太1¼此集熱器1〇〇的上基板和下基板可以方便 地製成各種形狀，起到裝飾的作用。 所述太陽能集熱器1〇〇可進一步包括一反射層22,該 反射層22設置於所述上基板1〇的下表面1〇1，厚度為ι〇 奈米〜1微米。所述反射層22為一紅外反射層，如氧化銦 錫薄膜或者一奈米碳管結構。該奈米碳管結構包括無序奈 米碳管薄膜、有序奈米碳管薄膜或者奈米碳管複合材料 ❹層。所述反射層22對於紫外光、可見光和近紅外光係透明 的’具有非常好的透過紫外光、可見光及近紅外光、並反 射遠紅外光的特點，從而可以減少所述太陽能集熱器100 對太陽能能量的輻射損失，增大該太陽能集熱器100對太 陽能的能量轉化效率。所述反射層22和所述吸熱層14可 以均為奈米碳管結構，但所述反射層22的厚度比所述吸熱 層的厚度小’以保證大部分可見光及近紅外光透過該反射 層22。 進一步’還可以將一循環液流層24設置於所述太陽能 200940920 集熱為100的下基板12的下表面122 ’如將溫度較低的水 或者乙二醇等液體作為循環液。所述太陽能集熱器1〇〇可 以直接把水加熱作為熱水使用，或者將熱量帶走作為其他 的應用，比如海水淡化、製冷、發電等。 所述太陽能集熱器1〇〇在太陽光透過所述透光的上基 板10後照射到所述吸熱層14，由於該吸熱層14包括黑色 的奈米材料即奈米碳管，利用奈米碳管穩定性好和導熱率 高的優異特性，故所述吸熱層14對於太陽光的各種波長都 ®具有比較好的吸收特性。其中，2%-7%的太陽輻射會被所 述吸熱層14反射和透射’ 93%-98%的太陽輻射會被所述吸 熱層14吸收，並轉變為熱能，然後通過所述集熱的下基板 將熱能傳給所述循環液流層24。若在所述太陽能集熱器 100的上基板10的下表面1〇1上設置一反射層22,通過所 述吸熱層14並被該吸熱層14反射和透射的太陽輻射能， 會被所述反射層22反射回所述吸熱層14，可以減少所述 ❾太陽能集熱器100對太陽能能量的輻射損失，提高將熱能 傳給所述循環液流層24的效率。 所述太陽能集熱器具有以下優點：其一，由於奈米碳 管具有良好的吸熱性，故，採用奈米碳管結構作吸熱層， 了 &尚太陽此集熱器對太陽能的能量轉化效率，對太陽能 吸收均勻。其二，由於奈米碳管結構製備過程中的成本較 低，故，採用奈米碳管結構作吸熱層，適於大面積普及推 廣應用。 綜上所述，本發明確已符合發明專利之要件，遂依法 15 200940920 • 提出專利申請。惟，以上所述者僅為本發明之較佳實施例， . 自不能以此限制本案之申請專利範圍。舉凡熟悉本案技藝 之人士援依本發明之精神所作之等效修飾或變化，皆應涵 蓋於以下申請專利範圍内。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1係先剷技術中的太陽能管式集熱器的結構示意 圖。 圖2係先前技術中的太陽能板式集熱器的結構示意 〇圖。 圖3係本技術方案實施例的太陽能集熱器的側視結構 不意圖。 圖4係本技術方案實施例的太陽能集熱器的俯視結構 示意圖。 圖5係圖3中的部分有序奈米碳管層III的放大示意 圖。 圖6係本技術方案實施例的太陽能集熱器中吸熱層對 ©太陽光的吸收率隨吸熱層厚度的變化曲線。 圖7係本技術方案實施例的太陽能集熱器中吸熱層對 太陽光的透射譜和反射議。 圖8係本技術方案實施例的太陽能集熱器中吸熱層對 太陽光的吸收譜。 16 200940920 【主要元件符號說明】 上基板 _ 太陽能集熱器 上基板的下表面 下基板 下基板的上表面 下基板的下表面 吸熱層 ®奈米碳管束 奈米碳管 邊框支架 支撐物 空腔 反射層 循環液流層 π 座體 ❹ 儲水桶 真空吸熱管 太陽能管式集熱器 太陽能板式集熱器 10, 50 100 101 12, 52 121 122 14 141 142 16, 56 18, 58 20, 60 22 24 30 32 34 300 500 17The length and width of the ordered carbon nanotubes, which are further processed by the array of carbon nanotubes, can be controlled more accurately. When the carbon nanotubes in the ordered carbon nanotube film are connected end to end and the lengths are equal, and the ordered and ordered knives use the ordered carbon nanotube film as the heat absorbing layer 14, the solar energy set can be improved. The heat absorption efficiency of the heat exchanger. Further, the carbon nanotube film has a preliminary shape and is folded into an arbitrary shape to facilitate the production of solar collectors of various shapes, and is suitable for popularization and application in a large area. Referring to Fig. 7, there is shown a transmission spectrum and a reflection spectrum of an ordered carbon nanotube film when an ordered carbon nanotube film is used as the heat absorbing layer 14 in the solar energy collector 100. The total energy of the ordered carbon nanotube film for sunlight can be divided into three parts: absorption, transmission and reflection. As can be seen from Fig. 7, the ordered carbon nanotube film has a lower transmittance and reflectance for sunlight having a wavelength ranging from 36 〇 nanometer to 86 〇 nanometer, which shows that 93% 98 % of the solar energy is absorbed by the ordered carbon nanotube film. Referring to Fig. 8, the absorption efficiency of the ordered carbon nanotube film in the solar collector 1 is calculated based on the measurement results obtained in Fig. 6. As can be seen from the figure, the ordered carbon nanotube film has an absorption efficiency of 93% to 98% for solar energy. The plurality of supports 18 are used to resist atmospheric pressure and enhance the robustness of the solar collector. The height of the support 18 is comparable to the height of the side frame bracket 16. The branch 18 is made of a material that is less heat absorbing, such as glass. The shape of the support 18 is not limited and may be glass beads or glass filaments or the like. In addition, the solar collector 100 is a flat type structure. The solar collector 100 can also be made into various other shapes, such as a cylindrical surface, a spherical surface, and the like. The solar collector 100 can be widely applied to the outer wall of a building structure, so that it can be used for heating the interior of the building. The upper and lower substrates of the collector 1 can be conveniently formed into various shapes to serve as a decoration. The solar collector 1 can further include a reflective layer 22 disposed on the lower surface 1〇1 of the upper substrate 1, and having a thickness of ι 纳米~1 μm. The reflective layer 22 is an infrared reflective layer such as an indium tin oxide film or a carbon nanotube structure. The carbon nanotube structure includes a disordered carbon nanotube film, an ordered carbon nanotube film, or a carbon nanotube composite layer. The reflective layer 22 is transparent to ultraviolet light, visible light, and near-infrared light, and has characteristics of transmitting ultraviolet light, visible light, and near-infrared light, and reflecting far-infrared light, thereby reducing the solar heat collector 100. The radiation loss of solar energy increases the energy conversion efficiency of the solar collector 100 to solar energy. The reflective layer 22 and the heat absorbing layer 14 may both be carbon nanotube structures, but the thickness of the reflective layer 22 is smaller than the thickness of the heat absorbing layer to ensure that most of visible light and near infrared light pass through the reflective layer. twenty two. Further, a circulating liquid flow layer 24 may be disposed on the lower surface 122' of the lower substrate 12 having a heat collection of 100, for example, a liquid having a lower temperature or a liquid such as ethylene glycol as a circulating liquid. The solar collector 1 can directly use water as hot water or take heat away for other applications such as seawater desalination, refrigeration, power generation, and the like. The solar collector 1 is irradiated to the heat absorbing layer 14 after the sunlight passes through the light transmissive upper substrate 10, since the heat absorbing layer 14 includes a black nano material, that is, a carbon nanotube, and the nanometer is utilized. The carbon nanotubes have excellent characteristics of good stability and high thermal conductivity, so that the heat absorbing layer 14 has relatively good absorption characteristics for various wavelengths of sunlight. Wherein 2%-7% of the solar radiation is reflected and transmitted by the endothermic layer 14 '93%-98% of the solar radiation is absorbed by the endothermic layer 14 and converted into heat energy, and then passed through the heat collecting The lower substrate transfers thermal energy to the circulating flow layer 24. If a reflective layer 22 is disposed on the lower surface 〇1 of the upper substrate 10 of the solar thermal collector 100, the solar radiant energy that is reflected and transmitted through the heat absorbing layer 14 and transmitted by the heat absorbing layer 14 will be described. Reflecting the reflective layer 22 back to the heat absorbing layer 14 can reduce the radiation loss of the solar energy by the solar collector 100 and improve the efficiency of transferring thermal energy to the circulating fluid layer 24. The solar collector has the following advantages: First, since the carbon nanotube has good heat absorption, the carbon nanotube structure is used as the heat absorbing layer, and the solar energy conversion of the solar collector is Efficiency, even absorption of solar energy. Second, due to the low cost in the preparation process of the carbon nanotube structure, the carbon nanotube structure is used as the heat absorbing layer, which is suitable for wide-area popularization and application. In summary, the present invention has indeed met the requirements of the invention patent, 遂 law 15 200940920 • filed a patent application. However, the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it is not possible to limit the scope of the patent application in this case. Equivalent modifications or variations made by persons skilled in the art in light of the spirit of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the following claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a solar tube type collector in the first shovel technique. Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a solar panel type collector in the prior art. Fig. 3 is a side view of the solar collector of the embodiment of the present technical solution. Fig. 4 is a schematic top plan view of a solar collector according to an embodiment of the present technical solution. Figure 5 is an enlarged schematic view of a partially ordered carbon nanotube layer III of Figure 3. FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the absorption rate of the heat absorbing layer and the thickness of the heat absorbing layer of the heat absorbing layer in the solar heat collector according to the embodiment of the present technical solution. Fig. 7 is a transmission spectrum and reflection of the heat absorbing layer to sunlight in the solar collector of the embodiment of the present technical solution. Fig. 8 is a graph showing the absorption spectrum of the heat absorption layer of the solar collector in the solar collector of the embodiment of the present invention. 16 200940920 [Description of main component symbols] Upper substrate _ Solar collector upper substrate Lower surface Lower substrate Lower substrate Lower surface Heat absorbing layer ® Nanotube bundle Nano carbon tube frame bracket Support cavity reflection Layer circulation flow layer π seat body 储 Water storage tank vacuum heat absorption tube solar tube type collector solar panel collector 10, 50 100 101 12, 52 121 122 14 141 142 16, 56 18, 58 20, 60 22 24 30 32 34 300 500 17