200937306 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種電谷式指紋感應器及其面板，特別是 關於一種使用複數個電晶體之電容式指紋感應器及其面 板。 【先前技術】 指紋感應器為一種用於辨認手指紋樣式及提供可靠度之 個人身份識別的感應器。該指紋感應器也廣泛地使用於可 攜式產品，例如手機、筆記型電腦，用以確保個人保密資 料的安全性。 圖1A和1B顯示指紋感應器之等效電路。大體而言，指紋 感應器可以被實現於一晶片内，在圖1A的編號13代表一保 護層’其作為電容<^之介電層。若該指紋感應器被嵌入於 一影像面板，在圖1A的編號11代表一 IT〇層，且編號13代 表玻璃和薄膜，例如彩色濾光片、偏光板等。以下之敘述 以嵌入於影像面板之指紋感應器為例。在圖丨Α，一玻璃 13、一上金屬層丨丨及一基板12以串聯方式結合，且該玻璃 13疋使用者手指可以碰觸的地方。通常一電容Q存在於玻 璃13内’且一電容c/>存在於上金屬層11和基板12之間。在 圖1B ’使用者手指的表面可分為凸部丨4和凹部丨5。該凹部 15和該玻璃π有一個距離&，而該玻璃13之厚度為1。基 於該結構’一額外電容(：2存在於該使用者手指的凹部及該 玻璃13之表面。該凸部電容值係與C1相關，該凹部電容 值即係與C1//C2相關’而C1和C1//C2可用以下方式表示： 124408.doc 200937306 Α.+Λ_ ειΑ ε2Α 专，且 Ci//C2 通常該凸部電容值Cra遠 遢大於該凹部電容值Q。 為了感應使用者手指，—讀 值及凹部電容值應可分辨該凸部電容 因為一此产_ ’、 八、不谷易得到所需之準確度， 【發明内容】 雜κ串日都會減損該結果。 ❹ 本發明之電容式指紋感應 β ^ ^ 實知例包含一感應單元 及一控制電路。該感應單 干凡匕3指紋電容及一第一電晶 體。該指紋電容之電容值為— Γ Γ广 凹°卩電谷值^或一凸部電容 值 F/?，且。辞筮—兩〇 μ 電日日體包含一閘極端、一輸入端 及一輸出端1中該㈣端由—掃描線所控制，且該輸入 端連接至該指紋電容，該輸出端連接至該_讀出線。該控 制電路包含-第二電晶體、_運算放大器、一參考電容、 -第二電晶體及一多工器。該第二電晶體包含一閘極端、 輸入端及冑出端，其中該閉極端由一第一重置線所控 制、，且該輪人端連接至該讀出線。該運算放大器之一輸入 端二接至該第二電晶體之輪出端。該參考電容具有一電容 值开，且设置於該運算放大器之輸入端和輸出端之間。該 第三電晶體包含—閘極端、-輸人端及-輸出4，其中該 閘極端由-第二重置線所控制’該輸人端和輸出端分別連 接至該運算放大器之輸人端和輸出端。該多卫器連接至該 運算放大ϋ之另-輸人端，丨中該多工器之輸人端連接至 124408.doc 200937306 一第一電壓VA和一第二電壓vb。 本發明之電容式指紋感應器之另一實施例包含一指紋電 容、一積分器、一第一電晶體、一第二電晶體及一多工器。 該指紋電容之電容值為一凹部電容值&或一凸部電容值 . ，且。該積分器具有一參考電容C#。該第一電晶 體用於在一掃描線週期控制該指紋電容。該第二電晶體用 於預充電該指紋電容，及在該指紋電容和參考電容之間重 ❹新分佈電荷。該多工器連接至該積分器以提供一第一電壓 VA和一第二電壓VB，其中該第一電壓¥八大於該第二電壓 VB。 本發明之包含電容式指紋感應器之面板系統之一實施例 包含一具有複數個電容式指紋感應單元之主動式矩陣區 域、一資料驅動器、一掃描驅動器、一讀出電路及一影像 處理電路。該資料驅動器用於驅動資料。該掃描驅動器用 於控制連接至該電容式指紋感應器之掃描線。該讀出電路 φ 用於接收該電容式指紋感應器之資料且辨認該指紋電容之 種類。該影像處理電路連接至該讀出電路。 【實施方式】 圖2顯示本發明之面板之一具體實施例。該面板系統包含 一主動式矩陣區域25、一資料驅動器21、一掃描驅動器22、 讀出電路23及一影像處理電路24。該主動式矩陣區域25 包含一電容式指紋感應器及/或複數個影像畫素。該電容式 指紋感應器具有複數個電容式指紋感應單元3丨，而每一個 電容式指紋感應單元3 1都可以選擇性地和一影像晝素共存 124408.doc 200937306 於一晝素單元。該資料驅動器21用於驅動資料。該掃描驅 動器22用於控制連接至該電容式指紋感應單元3丨之掃描 線。大體而言’當該電容式指紋感應單元31被操作時，連 接至該電容式指紋感應單元3 1之掃描線在整個操作過程被 啓動。該讀出電路23用於接收該電容式指紋感應單元31之 讀出線的類比訊號，且辨認該指紋電容3 1之型式，例如凹 部電容值^^或凸部電容值。該影像處理電路24連接至該 ❹ ❹ 讀出電路23。圖2之結構係以影像面板之嵌入式結構為例， 但熟悉該項技術者均可知悉圖2之結構可以被輕易轉換及 應用於一晶片内。 圖3顯不本發明之指紋感應器之一具體實施例。該讀出電 路23包含一控制電路38。電容式指紋感應單元31包含一第 一電晶體32及一指紋電容CV ,其電容值為一凹部電容值^ 或-凸部電容值Q，且cfk<Cf“位於該主動式矩陣區域25 之同一列之第一電晶體係由同一掃描線所控制。該第一電 晶體32包含一閘極端、-輸入端及-輸出端，丨中該閘極 端由-掃描線所控制，且該輸入端連接至該指紋電容，該 輸出端連接至m其中該讀出線更連接至該控制電 物之-輸人端。該控制電路38可為該讀出電路23之一部 刀’而另-部分61顯示於圖6。該控制電路38包含一第二電 二體3—4、一運算放大器36、—參考電容〜、一第三電晶體 及—多工器37，其中該運算放大器36和該參考電容。係 作為一積分器。該第二雷曰 電日日體34包含—閘極端、一輸入端 及-輪出端，其中該闡炻@^ ]極^由—第一重置線Resetl所控 124408.doc 200937306 制’且該輸入端連接至該讀出線。該運算放大器36之一輸 入端連接至該第二電晶體34之-輸出端。該參考電容。連 接至該運算放大11 36之輪人端和輪出端。第三電晶體35包 含-閘極端、一輸入端及-輸出㈣，其中該閑極端由一第 二重置線Reset所控制，且該輸人端和輸出端連接至該運算 放大器36之輸人端和輸出端。該多卫㈣連接至該運算放 大器36之另-輸人端’丨中該多卫器之輸人端連接至一第 ❹BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to an electric valley fingerprint sensor and a panel thereof, and more particularly to a capacitive fingerprint sensor using a plurality of transistors and a panel thereof. [Prior Art] A fingerprint sensor is a sensor for recognizing a hand fingerprint pattern and providing personal identification for reliability. The fingerprint sensor is also widely used in portable products such as mobile phones and notebook computers to ensure the security of personal confidential information. 1A and 1B show an equivalent circuit of a fingerprint sensor. In general, the fingerprint sensor can be implemented in a wafer, reference numeral 13 in Figure 1A, which represents a protective layer' as a dielectric layer of capacitance < If the fingerprint sensor is embedded in an image panel, reference numeral 11 in Fig. 1A represents an IT layer, and numeral 13 represents a glass and a film, such as a color filter, a polarizing plate, and the like. The following description takes the fingerprint sensor embedded in the image panel as an example. In the figure, a glass 13, an upper metal layer, and a substrate 12 are joined in series, and the glass 13 is where the user's fingers can touch. Usually a capacitor Q is present in the glass 13 and a capacitor c/> is present between the upper metal layer 11 and the substrate 12. The surface of the user's finger in Fig. 1B' can be divided into a convex portion 丨4 and a concave portion 丨5. The recess 15 has a distance & and the glass 13 has a thickness of 1. Based on the structure 'an additional capacitance (: 2 exists in the concave portion of the user's finger and the surface of the glass 13. The convex capacitance value is related to C1, and the concave capacitance value is related to C1//C2' and C1 And C1//C2 can be expressed in the following way: 124408.doc 200937306 Α.+Λ_ ειΑ ε2Α Special, and Ci//C2 Usually the convex capacitance value Cra is far greater than the concave capacitance value Q. In order to sense the user's finger, The value of the reading and the capacitance of the recess should be able to distinguish the capacitance of the convex portion. Because of this, the accuracy of the production is _ ', eight, and not easy. [Invention content] The hybrid κ string day will detract from the result. 电容 The capacitor of the present invention The fingerprint sensing β ^ ^ embodiment includes a sensing unit and a control circuit. The sensing unit has a fingerprint capacitor and a first transistor. The capacitance of the fingerprint capacitor is - Γ Γ 凹 凹 卩 卩 卩 卩 卩^ or a convex capacitance value F /?, and the vocabulary - two 〇μ electric day body includes a gate terminal, an input terminal and an output terminal 1 (4) end controlled by - scan line, and the input The end is connected to the fingerprint capacitor, and the output is connected to the _readout The control circuit includes a second transistor, an operational amplifier, a reference capacitor, a second transistor, and a multiplexer. The second transistor includes a gate terminal, an input terminal, and a drain terminal, wherein the gate is closed. The terminal is connected to the readout line, and the input terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the wheel terminal of the second transistor. The reference capacitor has a capacitor. The value is turned on and is disposed between the input end and the output end of the operational amplifier. The third transistor includes a gate terminal, an input terminal, and an output 4, wherein the gate terminal is controlled by the second reset line 'The input end and the output end are respectively connected to the input end and the output end of the operational amplifier. The multi-guard is connected to the other input end of the operational amplifier, and the input end of the multiplexer is connected To 124408.doc 200937306 a first voltage VA and a second voltage vb. Another embodiment of the capacitive fingerprint sensor of the present invention comprises a fingerprint capacitor, an integrator, a first transistor, and a second transistor. And a multiplexer. The capacitance of the fingerprint capacitor is one. a capacitance value & or a convex capacitance value. The integrator has a reference capacitance C#. The first transistor is used to control the fingerprint capacitance in a scan line period. The second transistor is used to precharge the a fingerprint capacitor, and a new distributed charge between the fingerprint capacitor and the reference capacitor. The multiplexer is coupled to the integrator to provide a first voltage VA and a second voltage VB, wherein the first voltage is greater than eight The second voltage VB. One embodiment of the panel system including the capacitive fingerprint sensor of the present invention comprises an active matrix region having a plurality of capacitive fingerprint sensing units, a data driver, a scan driver, and a readout circuit. And an image processing circuit. This data drive is used to drive the data. The scan driver is for controlling a scan line connected to the capacitive fingerprint sensor. The readout circuit φ is configured to receive the data of the capacitive fingerprint sensor and identify the type of the fingerprint capacitance. The image processing circuit is coupled to the readout circuit. [Embodiment] Fig. 2 shows a specific embodiment of a panel of the present invention. The panel system includes an active matrix area 25, a data driver 21, a scan driver 22, a readout circuit 23, and an image processing circuit 24. The active matrix area 25 includes a capacitive fingerprint sensor and/or a plurality of image pixels. The capacitive fingerprint sensor has a plurality of capacitive fingerprint sensing units 3, and each of the capacitive fingerprint sensing units 31 can selectively coexist with an image element 124408.doc 200937306 in a unit. The data drive 21 is used to drive data. The scan driver 22 is for controlling a scan line connected to the capacitive fingerprint sensing unit 3''. In general, when the capacitive fingerprint sensing unit 31 is operated, the scanning line connected to the capacitive fingerprint sensing unit 31 is activated throughout the operation. The readout circuit 23 is configured to receive an analog signal of the readout line of the capacitive fingerprint sensing unit 31, and identify the type of the fingerprint capacitance 31, such as a concave capacitance value or a convex capacitance value. The image processing circuit 24 is connected to the 读出 读出 readout circuit 23. The structure of Fig. 2 is exemplified by the embedded structure of the image panel, but those skilled in the art can know that the structure of Fig. 2 can be easily converted and applied to a wafer. Figure 3 shows a specific embodiment of the fingerprint sensor of the present invention. The read circuit 23 includes a control circuit 38. The capacitive fingerprint sensing unit 31 includes a first transistor 32 and a fingerprint capacitor CV having a capacitance value of a recess capacitance value ^ or a convex portion capacitance value Q, and cfk < Cf "is located in the same active matrix region 25 The first electro-crystalline system of the column is controlled by the same scan line. The first transistor 32 includes a gate terminal, an input terminal and an output terminal, wherein the gate terminal is controlled by a scan line, and the input terminal is connected. To the fingerprint capacitor, the output terminal is connected to m, wherein the readout line is further connected to the input terminal of the control device. The control circuit 38 can be one of the readout circuits 23 and the other portion 61 6 is shown in Figure 6. The control circuit 38 includes a second electrical body 3-4, an operational amplifier 36, a reference capacitor 〜, a third transistor, and a multiplexer 37, wherein the operational amplifier 36 and the reference The capacitor is used as an integrator. The second Thunder electric day body 34 includes a gate terminal, an input terminal, and a wheel terminal, wherein the explanation is performed by the first reset line Resetl. Control 124408.doc 200937306 and the input is connected to the sense line. The operational amplifier 3 One input terminal is connected to the output terminal of the second transistor 34. The reference capacitor is connected to the wheel terminal and the wheel terminal of the operational amplifier 11 36. The third transistor 35 includes a gate terminal and an input. And the output (4), wherein the idle terminal is controlled by a second reset line Reset, and the input end and the output end are connected to the input end and the output end of the operational amplifier 36. The multi-wei (4) is connected to the The other end of the operational amplifier 36 is connected to a third end of the multi-guard
-電壓VA和一第二電壓VB。就本實施例而言，該第一電 壓VA大於該第二電壓vb。 圖4顯示圖3電路之時序圖。大體而言，在同一列之指紋 電容共用同一個掃描線Rn，其在該列所有指紋電容之整個 操作過程被啓動。一個週期的時序被分為一預充電階段（第 一階段）、一轉換階段（第二階段）及一估算階段（第三階 段）’且彼此未重疊。該第一重置線Resetl係被啓動於該預 充電階段和估算階段，該第二重置線尺以“係被啓動於該預 充電階段和轉換階段。在估算階段時，讀出線選擇111^循 序由Vout!至V〇Utx傳輸資料至該影像處理電路24。 圖5A顯示在預充電階段，該指紋感應器之等效電路。在 預充電階段’該第二電晶體34及第三電晶體35被致能，且 該多工器3 6選擇VB。據此’參考電容C#被重置，而該第二 電壓VB被輸入至該指紋電容。此時，儲存於該指紋電容之 電荷為CF xVB。 圖5B顯示在轉換階段，該指紋感應器之等效電路。在轉 換階段，第二電晶體34被關閉，第三電晶體35被致能，且 124408.doc • 9- 200937306 該多工器3 6選擇VA以使該運算放大器36輸出VA。 圖5C顯示在估算階段，該指紋感應器之等效電路。在估 算階段’該第二電晶體34被致能’第三電晶體35被關閉， 且該多工器36仍選擇VA。此時’健存於該指紋電容之電荷 被重新分佈至參考電容q ’且該運算放大器36依據使用者 手指被偵測到的部位，即指紋凸部或凹部，而改變盆輸出 為 或 + 即)xCFK „ '、 CA r ❹ 圖6顯示本發明之一具體實施例之一部分讀出電路。該讀 出電路23更包含一多工器62和一比較器61。該選擇部分63 由Vouti至\^〇\^3£接受資料且再傳送至該影像處理電路24。該 多工器62之輸入端連接至由^^叫至Voutx選擇的資料，且該 多工器62之輸出端連接至該比較器61。該比較器61輸出一 個位元至該影像處理電路24。為了分辨凸部電容和凹部電 容 VA + ，該比 (VA-VB)xCm 較器61 >VnBF>VA + 使用一閥值電壓，且 (VA-VB^Cpy j. „ “ ---。據此’右該比較器61 ❹ 輸出邏輯高位準，代表由指紋感應器接收到的資料為凸部 電容。反之’則為凹部電容。 本發明之技術内容及技術特點已揭示如上，然而熟悉本 項技術之人士仍可能基於本發明之教示及揭示而作種種不 背離本發明精神之替換及修飾。因此，本發明之保護範圍 應不限於實施例所揭示者，而應包括各種不背離本發明之 替換及修飾’並為以下之申請專利範圍所涵蓋。 【圖式簡單說明】 124408.doc -10 200937306 圖1A和1B顯示指紋感應器之等效電路； 圖2顯示本發明之面板之一具體實施例； 圖3顯示本發明之指紋感應器之一具體實施例； 圖4顯示圖3電路之時序圖； 圖5 A至5C顯示圖3電路之預充電階段、轉換階段及估算 階段；及 圖6顯示本發明之一具體實施例之一部分讀出電路。 【主要元件符號說明】 ❹ 11 上金屬板 12 基板 13 保護層 14 指紋凸部 15 指紋凹部 21 資料驅動器 22 掃描驅動器 23 讀出電路 24 影像處理電路 25 面板 31 電容式指紋感應單 元32 第—電晶體 33 指紋電容 34 第二電晶體 35 第三電晶體 36 運算放大器 37 多工器 38 控制電路 61 比較器 62 多工器 參考電容 124408.doc -11·a voltage VA and a second voltage VB. For the present embodiment, the first voltage VA is greater than the second voltage vb. Figure 4 shows a timing diagram of the circuit of Figure 3. In general, the fingerprint capacitors in the same column share the same scan line Rn, which is activated during the entire operation of all fingerprint capacitors in the column. The timing of one cycle is divided into a precharge phase (first phase), a transition phase (second phase), and an estimation phase (third phase)' and does not overlap each other. The first reset line Reset1 is activated in the pre-charging phase and the estimating phase, the second resetting ruler is "started in the pre-charging phase and the converting phase. In the estimating phase, the readout line selection 111 The data is sequentially transmitted from Vout! to V〇Utx to the image processing circuit 24. Figure 5A shows the equivalent circuit of the fingerprint sensor during the pre-charging phase. In the pre-charging phase, the second transistor 34 and the third battery The crystal 35 is enabled, and the multiplexer 36 selects VB. Accordingly, the reference capacitor C# is reset, and the second voltage VB is input to the fingerprint capacitor. At this time, the charge stored in the fingerprint capacitor is CF x VB Figure 5B shows the equivalent circuit of the fingerprint sensor during the conversion phase. During the conversion phase, the second transistor 34 is turned off, the third transistor 35 is enabled, and 124408.doc • 9- 200937306 The processor 36 selects the VA to cause the operational amplifier 36 to output VA. Figure 5C shows the equivalent circuit of the fingerprint sensor during the estimation phase. In the estimation phase, the second transistor 34 is enabled 'the third transistor 35 Is turned off, and the multiplexer 36 still selects VA. At this time The charge stored in the fingerprint capacitor is redistributed to the reference capacitor q ' and the operational amplifier 36 changes the pot output to or +) xCFK „ ' depending on where the user's finger is detected, ie, the fingerprint convex or concave portion. CA r ❹ Figure 6 shows a partial readout circuit of one embodiment of the present invention. The readout circuit 23 further includes a multiplexer 62 and a comparator 61. The selection portion 63 accepts the data from Vouti to \^〇\^3 and transmits it to the image processing circuit 24. The input of the multiplexer 62 is connected to the data selected by the call to Voutx, and the output of the multiplexer 62 is connected to the comparator 61. The comparator 61 outputs a bit to the image processing circuit 24. In order to distinguish the convex portion capacitance and the concave portion capacitance VA + , the ratio (VA-VB) x Cm comparator 61 > VnBF > VA + uses a threshold voltage, and (VA-VB^Cpy j. „ " --- The right comparator 61 ❹ outputs a logic high level, which means that the data received by the fingerprint sensor is a convex capacitor. Otherwise, it is a concave capacitor. The technical content and technical features of the present invention have been disclosed above, but are familiar with this item. The person skilled in the art may still make various substitutions and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention should not be limited to those disclosed in the embodiments. Replacement and Modifications' is covered by the following patent application. [Simplified illustration] 124408.doc -10 200937306 Figures 1A and 1B show the equivalent circuit of the fingerprint sensor; Figure 2 shows one implementation of the panel of the present invention FIG. 3 shows a specific embodiment of the fingerprint sensor of the present invention; FIG. 4 shows a timing diagram of the circuit of FIG. 3; FIG. 5A to FIG. 5C show a precharge phase, a conversion phase, and an estimation phase of the circuit of FIG. 3; A partial readout circuit showing one embodiment of the present invention. [Description of main component symbols] ❹ 11 upper metal plate 12 substrate 13 protective layer 14 fingerprint convex portion 15 fingerprint concave portion 21 data driver 22 scan driver 23 readout circuit 24 image processing Circuit 25 Panel 31 Capacitive fingerprint sensing unit 32 - transistor 33 fingerprint capacitor 34 second transistor 35 third transistor 36 operational amplifier 37 multiplexer 38 control circuit 61 comparator 62 multiplexer reference capacitor 124408.doc - 11·