200918250 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 力扳手，制是指—種具有電磁力跳 【先前技術】 傳統的扭力扳手係—中空管狀的扳手 手頭，另一端配置一扭力調整螺絲。而扳手 =邱^ 構連結，另箸一端與該跳脫機 動該複數連桿件所構叙連桿機構，而轉 力，f將此彈力作用於該跳脫機構形成預設才改變彈 ^一使用者操作該扭力扳手且操作扭力未達預役扭力 手可不ί產生跳脫動作，所以該扭力板 便會產生職動作，使得雜手頭mu冓 力扳手無法正常地輸出扭力。u擺動的此力，此時該扭 動:整是藉由調整螺絲及 rr間後，該彈性==式變== 者所作用的操作扭力與預設扭力不符合。谷易每成使用 t例t在扭力扳手配設應魏叫貞顺作扭力、，並且利用數 頃設扭力 忽略了警示轉職_扳钱力 200918250 力相符，換言之，軸數位式的扭力設定及_可 ===操:¾虛警 =動提供跳脫作用以防止操作&力過:是該類數位:: 【發明内容】200918250 IX. Inventive description: [Technical field of invention] Force wrench, system refers to a kind of electromagnetic force jump [Prior Art] The traditional torque wrench is a hollow tubular wrench hand, and the other end is equipped with a torque adjustment screw. The wrench=Qiu^ structure is connected, and the other end is connected with the jumper to move the complex link member to construct the link mechanism, and the rotation force f acts on the trip mechanism to form a preset to change the bomb. When the user operates the torque wrench and the torque is not up to the pre-service torque, the user may not be able to generate a tripping action, so the torque plate will generate a professional action, so that the hand-wound mu force wrench cannot output the torque normally. u This force of the swing, the twisting at this time: the whole operation is adjusted by the adjustment of the screw and the rr, the elastic torque of the == type change == the operating torque does not match the preset torque. Every time you use T, you can use the t-wrench to set the torque to the torque wrench, and use the torque to ignore the warning. _ Pulling the power 200918250 force match, in other words, the shaft digital torque setting and _ can ===Function: 3⁄4 False alarm = move to provide tripping to prevent operation & force: is the type of digit:: [invention]
PSSBHHS 露，之傳、触力扳手有著猶扭力與 本發明之一目的係在於提供一^ 具有J=設定操作扭力及準確偵 本發明另一s的係在於提供_ F: 本發明另一目的係在提供—锸 -扳位式扭力扳手㈡包含-本體， 内；至少-應變規^於ϋ免延伸自該頭部且置於該本體 有-活動電磁力跳脫構件具 成電控制連結。如此—來，= 目f/纟扳手頭，賴該應變規形 力跳脫構叙雜力時，該磁 制可以擺動，使得扳核法忿手頭不受限 以下即再依本發明的目的、功較佳作實用施例並配合 200918250 圖式詳細說明。 【實施方式】 δ月參閱第1A圖，圖中揭露一數位式扭力扳手包含一本 體20，一扳手頭30組設在該本體2〇的一端。一扭力設定裝 置40及一顯示裝置5〇配設於該本體2〇。更進一步說明，該 本體20係一中空管件，該扳手頭3〇且有一頭部犯及一應變 奴34，其中該應變段34係延伸該頭部—側且穿置於該本 體20内。此外’該扭力設定裝置4〇係提供使用者輸1 一 預設扭力數值的操作裝置。 請參閱第1B圖’圖中揭露另一數位式扭力扳手u，錄 第1A圖所tf之扳手的不同處在於本實施例之數位扭力板手、^ 不具有扭力奴|置’岐在&麟便已設定好—狀的 扭力值。 ° 請參閱第1C ®，上述的二觀力扳手（未顯示） 比較器80，且該比較器8〇與該d』 例如該賴則〇及雜力奴衫4G分舰mg ^ 比較器80。更進-步言，該扭力設定m 可以整合朗-裝置。操作_，該應 較益80 :乍扭力也會轉換成訊號並傳送到該比 内。換言之，該比較器80可以具有記憶t ^ = 過程，該應變規60所偵測到的操作扭力M 的力此。刼作 比較器80與預設扭力進行比^作扭力轉換成訊號傳送到該 比對結果若達到操作扭力與預設扭力相 條件，則該電磁力跳脫機構7〇作動，你紅、或疋滿足預設 常操作作用，反之則可以繼續操作該扳 扳手不再提供正 200918250 圖’該應變規60係配設於該扳手頭30之應變 ϋί: t實例揭露二個應變規60 *別配設在該應變段34 係指該扳手於提供扭力時容 手頭㈣對該扳 H立移的一活動桿72，該活動桿72的一端部相對該i 如4J1 用山者藉，扭力設定裝置40設定好預設扭力，且該活 叛二q/f使仔一端部接觸該扳手頭30的應變段34，貝ί該 制_定方向鷄。_扳怖〇受ί =▲力扳手1Q相對於-工件(未顯示)可以提供扭 扭力第3當應變規6〇所偵測到的操作扭力與預設 較器（未顯示烟會有一訊& 該活動桿72與L促使該活動桿72縮退。如此一來， 而無言之，贿㈣3»可峨意擺動 η的係在活動桿 連接應變段34。靠置該應變段34或 有萬向接敵元件相財向自_航们4仰是-個具 變段34^而亥方向自動調整元件74推抵該應 恰限制該方向自^二^^段34的相對位置或角度 200918250 變化，所以該扳手頭30可隨意擺動而無法對—工件施以扭力 作用。 參㈤第5圖’本發明另—實施例所揭露的數位扭力扳手 糸由一本體2〇、一扳手頭3〇、一扭力設定襞置、至少一 ΐίί Γ及一電磁力跳脫構件70所組成。其中各構件的結構 及相對應的空間形態皆與前—實施例相當，所以不再贅述。 與前一實施例的不同處在於該扳手頭3〇的應變 丰又34開设有一穿孔36。該電磁力跳脫構件7 部相對該穿孔36。 立扭力板手1〇對一工件提供担力時，該活動 二*申出且穿置於該穿孔36 ’如此該活動桿72對該扳手 頭30形成干涉作用，使得該扳手頭30無法擺動。 數位扭力扳手30可以扳動工件。 、° δΛ 請參閱第6圖，當應變規60所偵測到的操作扭力 $相符時，該電磁力舰構件7Q之該活動桿？2縮‘離開 ί UL6。如此、—來:該活動桿72與該扳手頭3G的應變^ …、接觸，故该活動桿72不再限制該扳手頭3〇。換言之 扳手頭3G可以隨意獅而無法再對卫件施以扭力作^。 請參閱第7圖，本發明又-實_揭露概位 10由一本體20、一扳手頭30、一扭力設定裝置4〇、至: 變規60及一電磁力跳脫構件70所組成。其中各構件 ^ 相對應的空間形態皆與前述實施例相當，所以不再 Q 本實施例與前述實補的相處在於該電磁力跳沾 活動桿72端部穿過該扳手頭30之應變段34所開 j 36，且一推塊76組設在該活動桿72端部。 當該活動桿72呈現收縮狀態’則該推塊76靠 頭30之應變段34的表面’使得該扳動頭3〇的轉動受 所以該扳手可以扳動工件。 〗丨民fj ’ 請參閱第8 ® ’當應變規60所躺到祕作扭力與預設 200918250 ί 孔蚊得推㈣綱應變段34， 無法再對工件施以扭力作用相對運動。如此一來，扳手頭洲 72 ^用該板手執行工作操作，則該活動桿 兮招丰4 76推返該扳手頭30呈傾斜狀，如此一來， Ϊ限制在該本體2G _面與推塊％之間， 活^頃斜’所以該活動桿72與穿孔36之間的 用舌=，、，故該扳手頭3〇不能自由擺動。如此一來，使 用者便可以順利的操作該扳手。 作J» : i閱第1 〇圖本實施例係當該感變規60戶斤谓測到的摔 t二二相符時，該電磁力跳脫機構丄= “ ΐ頭3G之應變段34脫離了本體20與推 ^用 來，該扳手頭30無法再對工件施以扭力 开至第10圖的結構’並將二結構型態組合，則 :成5圖，备使用該扳手執行工作操作，則該活動桿72伸 扳手頭3G傾斜使其後段被限制在該二推塊76之間， 拉Ϊ參f第12圖所示的結構’當操作扭力與預設扭力相符 舌^ 72縮回’使得該板手頭30之應變段34脫離了 本，20與推塊76之限制’如此一來，該扳手頭3〇的後段可 =在二推塊76間活動’使得該扳手頭3〇無法再對工件施以 力作用。 請參閱第13圖’本實施例揭露該電磁力跳脫機構7活 動桿72相設置-彈簧92。#使職扳手執行功操作時， J活動桿72伸出’且該彈簧92施一作用力於該推塊76上， 藉此提供更佳的推迫力量於該扳手頭3〇。當操作扭力與預設 200918250 自S桿72縮退且彈簧92呈壓縮狀’使得該扳手 彈箸’本實施例與前—實施例的不同處在於該 力7G —板手頭 Γ·^ 朗作賴前—實施例相當。 所-圖所揭露之結構型態，另一種等效的設計如第 電^力跳脫機構70及彈菁92配設在相對側 t々：二Ζ Ι圖’本實施例揭露該電磁力跳脫機構7〇盥- 喻繼财賴倾態，其中該永 機構3G後段表面，且該該電磁力跳脫 力跳雜摄7n I山一端與該扳手頭30後段連接。當該電磁 機構70伸出推動該扳手頭30傾斜，且使該永久磁鑛 該本體2〇的壁面’則該扳手頭30的活動受到限制， 故該扭力扳手可以形成可供操作使用的狀態。 f二力拉達:=== 所亍根第17圖的教導’―種等效設計如第18圖 力m 94 ®設在該本體2g的㈣。當該電磁 後段磁=隹動該板手頭30傾斜，且使該扳手頭3〇 If又^:亥水久磁鐵94吸附結合，則該扳手頭30的活動受到限 制’故雜力扳手可以形成可供操作賴的狀態。 力跳桑作扭力達到預設的條件時，該電磁 =” 70拉_扳旬3G使其麟該永久_ 94 扳動二Si的狀態。如此—來’該扭力扳手無法提供正常 200918250 =4=====-側，且該 手頭30的活動受限制，故扭力扳手可供t 時，該板 如第21圖或第22圖所示，當操作加作功月匕，反之’ 磁力跳脫麟7G騎動桿72料時設條件時，該電 動的狀態，無法提供操作魏 ^ _扳手碩30呈現可活 與永二該當該電磁力跳脫機構7。 手頭洲與該板 端則設有-元件96,該元件9===活動桿72的-錐形狀或圓錐狀，圖中以楔形塊為例態狀: 則该扭力扳手可以提供操作力能。 及附、、。狀， ^)96 ^ iS=;=;=:=提供操作功能。 2ϊϊ?〇 τ130 20PSSBHHS dew, the transmission, the force wrench has a twisting force and one of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a system with a J=setting operation torque and accurate detection of another s in the invention _ F: another object of the present invention The 锸-push-type torque wrench (2) is provided with a body, at least a strain gauge extending from the head and disposed on the body-active electromagnetic force tripping member having an electrical control connection. In this way, the head of the f/纟 wrench head can be oscillated when the strain gauge force is disengaged, so that the nucleus method is not limited to the following, that is, according to the purpose of the present invention, The work is better as a practical example and detailed with the 200918250 schema. [Embodiment] Referring to Figure 1A for the month of δ, the figure shows that a digital torque wrench includes a body 20, and a wrench head 30 is disposed at one end of the body 2〇. A torque setting device 40 and a display device 5 are disposed on the body 2''. To further illustrate, the body 20 is a hollow tubular member having a head and a strain slave 34, wherein the strain section 34 extends the head-side and is placed within the body 20. Further, the torque setting device 4 provides an operating device for the user to input a predetermined torque value. Please refer to FIG. 1B, which discloses another digital torque wrench u. The difference between the wrench of the tf of FIG. 1A is that the digital torque wrench of this embodiment does not have a torque slave. Lin has set the shape-like torque value. ° Refer to 1C®, the above-mentioned two-way force wrench (not shown) comparator 80, and the comparator 8〇 and the d′′, for example, the Lai 〇 〇 and the 奴 奴 4 4G sub-ship mg ^ comparator 80. Further, the torque setting m can be integrated into the device. Operation _, the corresponding benefit 80: 乍 Torque will also be converted into a signal and transmitted to the ratio. In other words, the comparator 80 can have a memory t^= process, the force of the operational torque M detected by the strain gauge 60. The comparator 80 is compared with the preset torque to convert the torque into a signal to be transmitted to the comparison result. If the operating torque and the preset torque are met, the electromagnetic force tripping mechanism 7 is activated, you are red, or 疋Satisfy the preset normal operation, otherwise it can continue to operate the wrench no longer provides positive 200918250 Figure 'The strain gauge 60 is equipped with the strain on the wrench head 30 t: t Example exposes two strain gauges 60 *Do not configure The strain section 34 refers to a movable rod 72 that the hand wrench (4) moves to the trigger H when the torque is provided, and one end of the movable rod 72 is borrowed from the i, such as 4J1, and the torque setting device 40 is set. The preset torque is good, and the live tick two q/f makes one end of the piece touch the strain section 34 of the wrench head 30. _ 〇 〇 〇 ί = ▲ force wrench 1Q relative to - workpiece (not shown) can provide torsion force 3 when the strain gauge 6 〇 detected operating torque and preset comparator (not shown smoke will have a message & The movable rods 72 and L cause the movable rod 72 to retract. Thus, without a word, the bribe (4) 3» can swing the η in the movable rod connecting the strain section 34. The strain section 34 or the universal direction is placed. The enemy's components are self-contained. The airborne automatic adjustment component 74 is pushed to the opposite direction. The relative position or angle of the direction of the ^^^^ 34 is changed. Therefore, the wrench head 30 can swing freely and can not apply a torsion force to the workpiece. Reference numeral 5 (5) FIG. 5 is a digital torque wrench disclosed in another embodiment of the present invention, a body 2 〇, a wrench head 3 〇, a The torque setting device, the at least one ΐίί Γ and an electromagnetic force tripping member 70 are formed. The structure of each member and the corresponding spatial form are equivalent to those of the previous embodiment, and therefore will not be described again. The difference is that the strain head of the wrench head 3 has a perforation 36 The electromagnetic force tripping member 7 is opposite to the through hole 36. When the vertical torsion wrench 1 提供 provides a force to a workpiece, the activity 2* is applied and placed on the through hole 36' such that the movable rod 72 is attached to the wrench head 30 The interference is formed so that the wrench head 30 cannot swing. The digital torque wrench 30 can pull the workpiece. ° ° δ Λ Refer to Figure 6, when the operating torque of the strain gauge 60 is consistent, the electromagnetic force member The movable lever of the 7Q is 2's away from the ί UL6. Thus, the movable rod 72 is in contact with the strain of the wrench head 3G, so that the movable rod 72 no longer restricts the wrench head 3〇. In other words, the wrench The head 3G can freely apply lions and can no longer apply torque to the guards. Please refer to Fig. 7, and the present invention is further disclosed by a body 20, a wrench head 30, a torque setting device 4, To: a variation 60 and an electromagnetic force tripping member 70. The spatial shape corresponding to each component is equivalent to the foregoing embodiment, so no longer Q. The present embodiment is in contact with the aforementioned compensation in the electromagnetic force jump. The end of the dipstick rod 72 passes through the strain section 34 of the wrench head 30. Opening j 36, and a push block 76 is disposed at the end of the movable rod 72. When the movable rod 72 assumes a contracted state 'the surface of the strain block 34 of the push block 76 against the head 30 makes the pull head 3〇 The rotation is affected by the wrench so that the wrench can pull the workpiece. 〗 丨 f f f f f f f ' 请 请 请 请 请 请 请 请 请 ® ® 当 当 当 当 当 当 当 当 当 当 当 当 当 当 当 当 当 当 当 当 当 当 当 当 当 当 当 当 当 当 当 当The workpiece is subjected to a relative motion by a torsion force. In this way, the wrench head 72 ^ uses the wrench to perform a work operation, and the movable rod 兮 丰 4 4 76 pushes back the wrench head 30 to be inclined, thus, the Ϊ limit Between the body 2G _ face and the push block %, the movement is inclined, so the tongue between the movable rod 72 and the perforation 36 is, so that the wrench head 3〇 cannot swing freely. In this way, the user can operate the wrench smoothly. For J» : i read the first diagram This embodiment is when the sensible gauge 60 jin is said to be the measured t-two coincidence, the electromagnetic force tripping mechanism 丄 = "Scratch 3G strain section 34 detached The body 20 and the pusher are used, and the wrench head 30 can no longer apply torque to the workpiece to the structure of FIG. 10 and combine the two structural types. Then: into the 5 figure, the wrench is used to perform the work operation. Then, the movable rod 72 extends the wrench head 3G so that the rear portion thereof is restrained between the two push blocks 76, and the structure shown in Fig. 12 is pulled. When the operating torque is matched with the preset torque, the tongue is retracted. The strain section 34 of the plate hand 30 is disengaged from the limit of 20 and the push block 76. Thus, the rear section of the wrench head 3〇 can be moved between the two push blocks 76 so that the wrench head 3 can no longer be used. Applying a force to the workpiece. Please refer to Fig. 13 'This embodiment discloses that the electromagnetic force tripping mechanism 7 is provided with the movable rod 72 phase-spring 92. When the wrench is performing the work operation, the J movable lever 72 is extended' and The spring 92 exerts a force on the push block 76, thereby providing a better pushing force to the wrench head 3〇. When operating the torque and pre-operation 200918250 The retraction of the S-bar 72 and the spring 92 is compressed so that the wrench is springed. The difference between this embodiment and the previous embodiment is that the force 7G is the same as the embodiment. - The structural type disclosed in the figure, another equivalent design such as the first electric force tripping mechanism 70 and the elastic cyanine 92 are disposed on the opposite side t々: two Ι ' ' 'This embodiment discloses the electromagnetic force tripping Institution 7〇盥- Yu Jicai leans on the surface of the 3G rear section of the permanent mechanism, and the electromagnetic force jumps and jumps the 7n I mountain end to the rear end of the wrench head 30. When the electromagnetic mechanism 70 is extended to push the The wrench head 30 is inclined, and the wall surface of the permanent magnet of the main body 2 is limited. The torque of the wrench head 30 is restricted, so that the torque wrench can be formed into an operational state. f. According to the teaching of Figure 17, the equivalent design is as shown in Fig. 18, force m 94 ® is set on the body 2g (4). When the electromagnetic rear section is magnetic = tilting the plate, the hand 30 is tilted, and the wrench head 3 is made 〇If and ^: The long-term magnet 94 is adsorbed and combined, the movement of the wrench head 30 is restricted. When the wrench may be formed for the operating state depends. Sang hop as the torsion force reaches a preset condition, the electromagnetic = "70 _ pull the pull late 3G so Lin _ 94 pulling two permanent state Si. So - the 'torque wrench can't provide the normal 200918250 = 4 =====- side, and the movement of the hand 30 is limited, so when the torque wrench is available for t, the board is as shown in Figure 21 or Figure 22. When the operation is added as a power gong, and vice versa, when the magnetic jumper 7G riding rod 72 is set, the electric state cannot provide the operation Wei ^ _ wrench master 30 can be live and Yong Er should be the electromagnetic force Tripping mechanism 7. At the end of the hand and the end of the plate, there is a component 96, which has a tapered shape or a conical shape of the movable rod 72. The wedge block is exemplified in the figure: the torque wrench can provide the operating force. And attached, and. Shape, ^) 96 ^ iS=;=;=:= provides operational functions. 2ϊϊ?〇 τ130 20
實，系將跳脫機構7。之活動桿72 “閱第:著::J 頭30後段與該本體20壁面間之空間該扳手 扳手，== 扳手頭30可以動的狀'態疋。具外徑變化的構造達到促使該 提供====== 12 200918250 ，而》且也克服一般數位扭力扳手不具有跳脫機構 而無法準確控制操作扭力的缺點。 以上乃本發明之較佳實施例以及設計圖式，惟較佳 以及設計圖式僅是舉例說明，並非用於限制本發明技藝 粑圍二凡以均等之技藝手段、或為下述「申請專職圍 所涵蓋之，利範圍而實施者，均不脫離本發明之範疇而為 人之權利範圍。 vn 【圖式簡單說明】 第1A圖係本發明之一數位扭力扳手之外觀圖。 第1B圖係本發明另一數位扭力扳手之外觀圖。 第ic圖/縣發明部分組狀訊號連接方塊示意圖 第2圖係本發明之第一實施例之示意圖之一。 ，3圖係本發明之第一實施例之示意圖之二。 f 4圖係本發明之第二實施例之結構示意圖。 第5圖，林發明H施例之結構示意圖。 第6圖係為本發明之第三實施例之動作示意圖。 第7圖係本發明第四實關之結構示圖。。 ，8圖，本發明第四實施例之動作示意圖。 第9圖係本發明第五實施例之結構示^。 第10圖係本發明第五實施例之動作示意圖。 巧11圖係本發明第六實施例之結構示‘。 f 12圖係本發明第六實施例之動作示意圖。 第13圖係本發明第七實施例之結構示^。 月第八實施例之結構示意圖。 ί Ξίίί明第九實施例之結構示意圖。 $圖係本發明第十實施例之結構示圖。 第17圖係本發明第十實施例之動作示意圖。 13 200918250 f 18圖係本發明第十一實施例之結構示圖。 第19圖係本發明第十一實施例之動作示意圖。 ，20圖係本發明第十二實施例之結構示^。 第21圖係本發明第十二實施例之動作示意圖。 - 第22圖係本發明第十二實施例之結構示圖。 第23圖係本發明第十二實施例之結構示圖。 第24圖係本發明第十二實施例之動作示意圖。 第25圖係本發明第十二實施例之動作示意圖。 第26圖係本發明第十三實施例之結構示圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 10數位式扭力扳手 30板手頭 34應變段 40扭力設定裝置 5〇顯示裝置 60應變規 72活動桿 76推塊 92彈簧 96元件 20本體 32頭部 36穿孔 70電磁力跳脫構件 74方向自動調整元件 80比較器 94永久磁鐵 14In fact, the system will jump off the mechanism 7. The movable rod 72 "Reading:::J The space between the rear section of the head 30 and the wall surface of the body 20, the wrench wrench, == the wrench head 30 can be moved. The configuration with the change of the outer diameter achieves the provision. ====== 12 200918250, and also overcomes the disadvantage that the general digital torque wrench does not have a tripping mechanism and cannot accurately control the operating torque. The above is a preferred embodiment and design of the present invention, but preferably The design drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The scope of the right of the person. vn [Simple description of the drawing] Figure 1A is an external view of a digital torque wrench of the present invention. Fig. 1B is an external view of another digital torque wrench of the present invention. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention. 3 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention. f 4 is a second embodiment of the present invention. Schematic diagram Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of the embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the operation of the third embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 is a structural view of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of a fifth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the operation of a fifth embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 13 is a schematic view showing the operation of the sixth embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 13 is a structural diagram showing the structure of the seventh embodiment of the present invention. The structure of the eighth embodiment is 。 ί ί ί ί Fig. 17 is a view showing the structure of a tenth embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 17 is a view showing the operation of the tenth embodiment of the present invention. 13 200918250 f 18 is a structural view of an eleventh embodiment of the present invention. Figure 20 is a schematic view showing the operation of the eleventh embodiment of the present invention. Figure 20 is a schematic view showing the structure of the twelfth embodiment of the present invention. Figure 21 is a schematic view showing the operation of the twelfth embodiment of the present invention. A structural view of a twelfth embodiment of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 24 is a schematic view showing the operation of the twelfth embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 25 is a view showing the operation of the twelfth embodiment of the present invention. Structure of the thirteenth embodiment. [Description of main components] 10 digital torque wrench 30 plate hand 34 strain section 40 torque setting device 5 〇 display device 60 strain gauge 72 movable rod 76 push block 92 spring 96 element 20 body 32 Head 36 perforation 70 electromagnetic force trip member 74 direction automatic adjustment component 80 comparator 94 permanent magnet 14