200824930 九、聲明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關於一種具左右輪差速感測駛向之車輛定位及輪胎狀 況監控系統，尤指一種結合無線胎壓偵測系統與慣性定位系統，利用 共用微控制器、顯示終端和加速度感測器之方式，降低成本和節省車 内空間，並藉由加速度感測器，偵測左右車輪的轉速，以計算左右車 輪的轉速差，進而獲得車輛之運動速度與轉向’禰補GPS定位失效的情 況和增加定位速度到每秒十次以上，達到車輛定位之目的。 【先前技術】 在美國一年就有26萬件因胎壓過低、或滲漏造成的交通事故，於 是吴國國會為了安全因素召回汽車與零組件的監控機制。並於2〇〇〇 年通過TREAD Act法規，其中同時定出所有客車與輕型卡車都必須安 裝胎壓檢測系統TPMS (Tire Pressure Monitoring System)，用以偵 测胎壓，使駕駛人得知車輛行駛中的胎壓狀態，以確保行車安全。而 在國内，僅消基會呼籲交通部儘速立法跟進。基於「安全」考量，中 華汽車率先響應，推出首款配有全時胎壓偵測器的全新Gnmder旗艦 車款，將是未來新車必要安全配備。中華三菱領先同級車款，在 Grunder頂級車型加裝全時胎壓偵測器，不論停車或行進中，隨時偵 4月〇1麦化’ ^胎壓異常或安裝不相容的輪胎時會主動發出警訊提醒 駕駛，讓駕駛防患未然，阻隔因輪胎失去控制而釀成意外事故。 目前的TPMS系統可分為主動式與被動式，其中RFID被應用在被 動式，主動式是將感應器裝置在輪圈上，接收器則在駕駛端的行車電 5 200824930 細上’主動式TPMS採用433· 9職頻段，所有廠牌的輪胎都適用，不 過因為感應器必財電源，因此會受制於電池壽命，在正常使用狀況 下，这種系、统的電池壽命在5年左右。被動式TPMS系統不須外部電池 供應電力，而是將娜賊絲在輪胎崎或是固定在輪时。包括 TI、Philips、Freescale…等薇商則都推出胎壓積測系统胎壓偵測 系統必需將溫麟應||、壓力感魅、加速計、微元件、天線···等等 都整合在一起。 在另-方面，由於各都市馬路規劃不一，常造成用路人方向的迷 失’有須K車導航的伽。導航必須先確定汽車的位置、速度與方 向’然後依著地_指示’轉航向到達目的地，所贼車定位是導 航系統最基本的需求JPS定位系統是近來普遍被使用的定位裝置， 雖然受限於美國軍方對定位精確度的控制（目前約為5〜2⑽，但已達 到實用的水準’故為一般戶外運動體使用之雜方式。-般GPS會有 二種定位失效的情況；⑴GPS模組每秒只有更新一次的定位輸出， 故在秒與秒間GPS可視為失去定位。⑵Gps模組一開始供電的前一分 鐘’ GPS模組在校正本身的時間及參數，並無法提供定位輸出。⑶當 GPS衛星的信號被障礙物遮蔽後，將不能提供錄，尤其在都市大樓 林立的情況。 而Inertial Navigation System(INS)是最古老的定位方法之 此系統衣置有彳貝性篁測單元，像是加速度感測器、陀螺儀或羅盤 等是最常用的感測n。比較這兩種定位裝置各有優缺點和互雛。Gps 定位性能穩定且精確，但定位計算的㈣，致—般每秒僅能更新 6 200824930 ，次而已、價格也顿宜、耗_ 、供電起始財—分鐘之 定位失效、衛星峨易受遮蔽而導致定位失效等；至於⑽—開如就 能定位、辦間蚊辦確、無城遮·應、若僅有加速度感測器 則系統簡單耗電少、價格低廉(約僅有GPS的五分_)，但聰最大的 缺點是粒有累積誤差，經常在固定點修正定位精確度，^易受 載具之震動影響慣性量測等。故在定位性能上沒有—種定:系統是= 美的’若能整合此兩歡㈣統，則可赠得較完善的定錄置。疋 對現代人來說，汽車是除了家庭與辦公室之外，停留最久的一個 空間。然而’隨著資訊電子技術發展—日千里，f訊電子成為汽車提 升性能、鱗、安全’以及娛樂魏的最重要推動力，也使汽車愈來 愈高科技化。再者，汽車技術逐漸由單純的機械動力，升級為集機械、 電機電子、半導體、光電、通訊、材料於—爐的高科技綜合產業，使 付美國、日本、德國的重量級汽車大廠開始意識到，汽車的電子化與 科技化’將是他們在年成長僅2%的全球汽車產業中，擊敗對手的王 牌’因此’電子雜件佔汽車生產成本_日益升高，將帶動全球汽 車電子產業的高度成長。在汽車電子產品即將引爆的巨大商機下，包 括台灣業者如，均希魏汽車產業發展絲繼3G ( _ eQ_ter . 消費電子 Consumer electronics ·通訊設備 Communicati〇n 如仏郎） 之後的第四個C (Car)產業。而TPMS商機無窮，台灣廠商可|J優勢 發展，從全球的汽車銷售數量來看，每年約在5, 5〇〇萬輛與6, 〇〇〇萬 輛之間，這些車輛除美國外，並沒有被強制規定使用TpMS，不過如果 2006年11月後，美國的施行獲得成功，其他國家就算不跟隨實施， 7 200824930 分車廠也極有可能將之視為標準配備，至少出其部分高級車款會有此 功能，當市場量放大後，系統的固定成本也會隨之降低，再擴及一般 車型，就2007年來看光是美國一地，TPMS系統的市場就會有數十億 美元之多。台灣的汽車產業並不發達，每年生產的汽車數量僅有4〇 萬輛左右，不過TPMS涉入車輛製造的比例較小，如果能夠憑藉技 術’與全球Ά車或輪胎大廠合作，市場相當可觀。雖然目前國内投入 汽車電子的大小廠商很多，但其中汽車重要的關鍵電子零組件—感測器 (sensor) ’卻也是許多國外半導體大廠如英飛凌〇nfine〇n)、飛思卡 爾（Freescale)等活躍於汽車電子領域的強項之一。依應用的不同，汽 車用感測器大致可以分為四大類，分別是測量車輛内部壓力、溫度、 展動等的物理量(Physical quantity)感測器，監控汽車駕駛人狀況的 生物特徵感測器（如指紋辨識、酒駕偵測等）、環境感測器（如防撞雷 達），以及專門為了車輛安全系統所設計的感測器（如安全氣囊感測 器）。 “ 2005年我國學術及研發單位等，也逐漸在此方面有多項之研究開 發，如中科院電子系統研究所已經發展具備不需加裝鋰電池的第二代 MS 車i壓感測态技術，實力與其他也在進行研發的國家不相上 下。 逢甲大學洪三山博士領導學生進行汽車無線胎壓監視系統的開 發’獲得橙的電子公司的支持與合作，於2005年8月發表其開發成果， 並配合法_ RF無線射頻實驗室及德國画車廠的原薇施專用電池 供應商共同合作，成功開發該新一代無線胎壓監測系統。其主要技術 8 200824930 關鍵突破為：· ， ' 1、即時的胎壓及溫度顯示 -2、具世界專利之特殊你無線天線設計 3、 特殊強化結構設計 4、 無線胎壓監測系統之電池 5、 自動輪胎定位系統 6、 標準輪胎氣嘴設計 鲁7、輕巧美觀及人因工程設計的顯示器。 *並改善發_魏管觀齡祕之魏魏消耗延長系統的使 用哥命，將細個輪胎外部分別加裝四個低頻觸發器作為控制無 測器電能雜的機制，致使感測端電路於車輛停止狀態下，系統二 秋睡眠狀態_減少魏消耗；及由於汽車進行保紅作時，，: Γίί=Γ_平均，_____置成為 (Autott本研究+已成功設計4自動定位輪赌置機制 =:Γ解決國外類似產品在車輛進行調_時 ·、、"動更換輪胎ID c°de所而造成操作程序過於繁雜等問題。 ,另一項成果是聖約翰科技大學院電機系老師林謝 隊’所設計的，，汽車救援裝置四合—，，發明，結合電動頂、: 式充電、數位絲縣、高功率打賴的时_ A、逆/瞿 置」，量產射_鬆解決車娜胎、電瓶沒電、:2倾裳 技始終來自於錄，林謝舰，切車救援== 9 200824930 常容易操作，甚至連說明書都不需要，組裝放在長6〇公分、寬μ公 分、高12公分的長方形鐵盒中，易於攜帶，目前已有國際知名見的汽^ -大廠接洽，未來若量產後，一定會更輕、更小，成為汽車必備工具。 另外銘傳大學張清濠教授，也有一些在具溫度補償之車用胎壓計 的研究成果。因為在輪胎内，裝置所在環境非常惡劣，溫度可能從 -40〜+125°C，所以要如何讓壓力感測器顯示正確壓力便是一項重要的 ⑩工作。車輛行駛時輪胎的溫度會升高，而胎壓計會受溫度影響。從壓 力感測器特性 Temperature coefficient of span 為-〇·ΐ〜—〇·3% span/C來看’溫度上升時量測到的胎壓會下降，為克服此問題，我們 需要溫度補償，使之能平衡因溫度升高所造成的胎壓偏移，為了要消 除這些偏差，所以我們使用了溫度感測器，然後依照感測器特性做相 對應的補償。 參考文獻200824930 IX. Description of the statement: [Technical field to which the invention pertains] The present invention relates to a vehicle positioning and tire condition monitoring system with differential steering direction for left and right wheels, in particular a wireless tire pressure detection system and inertial positioning The system uses a shared microcontroller, a display terminal and an acceleration sensor to reduce the cost and save the space inside the vehicle, and detects the rotational speed of the left and right wheels by the acceleration sensor to calculate the rotational speed difference between the left and right wheels, thereby obtaining The movement speed of the vehicle and the steering 'compensation GPS positioning failure condition and increase the positioning speed to more than ten times per second, to achieve the purpose of vehicle positioning. [Prior Art] In the United States, there were 260,000 traffic accidents caused by low tire pressure or leakage in the United States. Therefore, the Wu State Congress recalled the monitoring mechanism for automobiles and components for safety reasons. In 2 years, the TREAD Act was passed, and it was determined that all passenger cars and light trucks must be equipped with a tire pressure detection system (TPMS) to detect tire pressure and enable the driver to know the vehicle. The tire pressure state is in order to ensure safe driving. In China, only the Consumers Foundation has called on the Ministry of Communications to follow up as soon as possible. Based on the “safety” considerations, China Automotive took the lead in responding and launched the first new Gnmder flagship model with a full-time tire pressure detector, which will be the necessary safety equipment for the new car in the future. China's Mitsubishi is ahead of its class, adding full-time tire pressure detectors to the top models of Grunder, regardless of whether it is parked or on the move, it can detect the April 〇1 wheat ' ' ^ tire pressure abnormality or install incompatible tires will take the initiative Send a warning to remind the driver to let the driver take precautions and block the accident caused by the loss of control of the tire. The current TPMS system can be divided into active and passive, in which RFID is applied in passive, active is to install the sensor on the rim, and the receiver is on the driving side of the driving power 5 200824930 fine 'active TPMS adopts 433· 9-band frequency band, all brands of tires are applicable, but because the sensor must be powered, it will be subject to battery life. Under normal use conditions, the battery life of this system is about 5 years. The passive TPMS system does not require an external battery to supply power, but instead uses the thief wire in the tires or on the wheel. Including TI, Philips, Freescale, etc., the company has launched a tire pressure measurement system tire pressure detection system must integrate Wen Lin should ||, pressure sensation, accelerometer, micro-components, antennas, etc. together. On the other hand, due to the different urban road planning, it often causes the loss of the direction of the passers-by. Navigation must first determine the position, speed and direction of the car 'and then turn to the destination according to the ground_instruction'. The location of the thief is the most basic requirement of the navigation system. The JPS positioning system is a commonly used positioning device recently, although it is subject to Limited to the US military's control of positioning accuracy (currently about 5~2 (10), but it has reached a practical level', so it is a common way of using outdoor sports. - GPS will have two kinds of positioning failures; (1) GPS The module only updates the positioning output once per second, so the GPS can be regarded as lost positioning between seconds and seconds. (2) The GPS module is correcting its own time and parameters before the power supply starts to correct the time and parameters. (3) When the GPS satellite signal is obscured by obstacles, it will not be available, especially in the case of urban buildings. The Inertial Navigation System (INS) is the oldest positioning method. For example, acceleration sensors, gyroscopes or compasses are the most commonly used sensors. Comparing these two positioning devices have their own advantages and disadvantages and mutual nesting. Gps positioning Can be stable and accurate, but the positioning calculation (four), to the average can only update 6 200824930 per second, the second, the price is also appropriate, the consumption _, the power supply start-minute position failure, the satellite is easily obscured Positioning failure, etc.; as for (10) - open, you can locate, do mosquitoes, do not cover the city, if there is only acceleration sensor, the system is simple, low power consumption, low price (about five points of GPS only _ ), but the biggest shortcoming of Cong is that there are cumulative errors in the grain, often correcting the positioning accuracy at a fixed point, ^ susceptible to the vibration of the carrier affecting the inertial measurement, etc. Therefore, there is no positioning performance - the system is = beautiful ' If you can integrate the two Huan (4) system, you can give a more complete record. For modern people, the car is the space that stays the longest except for the family and the office. However, with the information electronic technology Development - Days of Miles, FX Electronics has become the most important driving force for cars to improve performance, scale, safety, and entertainment Wei, and also make cars more and more high-tech. Moreover, car technology is gradually upgraded from pure mechanical power to Set machinery, electricity The high-tech integrated industries of electronics, semiconductors, optoelectronics, telecommunications, and materials have made heavyweight automakers in the United States, Japan, and Germany begin to realize that the electronic and technologicalization of automobiles will be their only growth in the year. In 2% of the global auto industry, the ace of the opponent's ace 'so' electronic miscellaneous items accounted for the increasing cost of automobile production, which will drive the global automotive electronics industry to grow at a high level. Under the huge business opportunities of automotive electronics, including Taiwan For example, the industry's development of Xiwei's automobile industry is the fourth C (Car) industry after 3G ( _ eQ_ter . Consumer Electronics · Communication Equipment Communicati〇n Ruo Lang ). And TPMS business opportunities are endless, Taiwan manufacturers can | J advantage development, from the global number of car sales, between about 55,000 and 600,000 vehicles per year, these vehicles are not mandatory to use TpMS except the United States, but if After November 2006, the implementation of the United States was successful, and other countries did not follow the implementation. 7 200824930 The depot is also likely to be regarded as standard equipment. This feature will be reduced when some of the premium models are less. When the market volume is enlarged, the fixed cost of the system will also be reduced, and then expanded to the general model. In 2007, the market will be in the United States, and the market of the TPMS system will be There are billions of dollars. Taiwan's auto industry is not developed, and the number of cars produced each year is only about 40,000 units. However, the proportion of TPMS involved in vehicle manufacturing is small. If you can rely on technology to cooperate with global brakes or tire manufacturers, the market is quite impressive. . Although there are many large and small manufacturers of automotive electronics in China, the key electronic components of the automobile, the sensor, are also many foreign semiconductor manufacturers such as Infineon, such as Infineon, and Freescale. (Freescale) and other ones that are active in the field of automotive electronics. Depending on the application, automotive sensors can be roughly divided into four categories, namely physical quantity sensors that measure internal pressure, temperature, and spread of vehicles, and biometric sensors that monitor the condition of motorists. (such as fingerprint recognition, drunk driving detection, etc.), environmental sensors (such as anti-collision radar), and sensors designed for vehicle safety systems (such as airbag sensors). "In 2005, China's academic and research and development units, etc., have gradually developed and researched in this area. For example, the Institute of Electronic Systems of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has developed a second-generation MS car with no need to install lithium batteries. It is comparable to other countries that are also conducting research and development. Dr. Hong Sanshan from Fengjia University led the students to develop the wireless tire pressure monitoring system of the car's support and cooperation with the electronics company of Orange, and published its development results in August 2005. In cooperation with the _ RF Radio Frequency Laboratory and the original Wei Shi special battery supplier of the German paint cart factory, the new generation of wireless tire pressure monitoring system was successfully developed. Its main technology 8 200824930 The key breakthrough is: · , ' 1, instant Tire pressure and temperature display-2, special wireless antenna design with world patents 3, special reinforced structure design 4, battery of wireless tire pressure monitoring system 5, automatic tire positioning system 6, standard tire nozzle design Lu 7, lightweight Beautiful and human-engineered display. *And improve the hair _ Wei Guan Guan Ling secret Wei Wei consumption extension system use life, will be fine Four low frequency triggers are respectively installed on the outside of the tire as a mechanism for controlling the power consumption of the detectorless device, so that the sensing terminal circuit is in a state where the vehicle is stopped, the system sleeps in the second state, and the Wei consumption is reduced; ,: Γίί=Γ _ average, _____ set to become (Autott this study + has successfully designed 4 automatic positioning wheel gambling mechanism =: Γ solve foreign similar products in the vehicle to adjust _ time ·,, " change tire ID The result of c°de caused the operation procedure to be too complicated. Another result was designed by the Lin Xie team of the Electrical Engineering Department of St. John’s University of Science and Technology, the four-in-one car rescue device, and the invention, combined with the electric top, : Charging, digital silk county, high power slamming time _ A, reverse / squatting, mass production _ loose solution car tires, battery power,: 2 swaying skills always come from the record, Lin Xie , cut car rescue == 9 200824930 It is often easy to operate, even the instructions are not required, the assembly is placed in a rectangular iron box with a length of 6 cm, a width of μ cm and a height of 12 cm, which is easy to carry and has been internationally known. Steam ^ - big factory approach, the future if After the birth, it will be lighter and smaller, and become an indispensable tool for automobiles. In addition, Professor Zhang Qingyi from Mingchuan University also has some research results on temperature-compensated tire pressure gauges. Because the environment of the device is very harsh, the temperature is very high. It may be from -40 to +125 °C, so how to make the pressure sensor display the correct pressure is an important 10 work. The temperature of the tire will increase when the vehicle is running, and the tire pressure gauge will be affected by the temperature. The temperature coefficient of span is -〇·ΐ~—〇·3% span/C. When the temperature rises, the measured tire pressure will decrease. To overcome this problem, we need temperature compensation to make it We can balance the tire pressure offset caused by the temperature rise. In order to eliminate these deviations, we used a temperature sensor and then compensated according to the characteristics of the sensor. references
(1) Takai, Hideo, ^Hybrid navigation system for determining a relative position and direction of a vehicle and method therefore”. United States Patent 4743913, 1988 (2) KARL N· MURPHY，“ANALYSIS OF ROBOTIC VEHICLE STEERING AND CONTROLLER DELAY”，Fifth International Symposium on Robotics and Manufacturing, August 15-17, 1994. (3 ) K. Murphy· ’'Navigation and Retro-Traverse on a Remotely Operated Vehicle·” Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Intelligent Control and Instrumentation. Siegapore, February, 1992. (4) Sukkarieh S, Nebot EM, Durrant-Whyte HF, 6<A High Integrity IMU/GPS. Navigation Loop for Autonomous Land Vehicle Applicatioιls,^ IEEE Transactions on. Robotics and Automation, vol 15 no 3: P.572-578,1999 (5) Bingeman, Kirk; Velasquez，Richard; Tekniepe，William，“Magnetic wheel 200824930 sensor for vehicle navigation system^, United States Patent 6446005, 2002 (6) Farrell JA, Tan HS, Yang YC , "Carrier Phase GPS-Aided INS-Based Vehicle Lateral ControF9, Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control^ September 2003 — Volume 125, Issue 3, pp. 339-353 (7) Jay A. Farrell, Tony D. Givargis, and Matthew J. Barth, uReal-Time Differential Carrier Phase GPS-Aided INS”，IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 8, NO. 4, JULY 2000 (8 ) Gabriel Elkaim, Michael 0?Connor, Thomas Bell, and Dr. Bradford Parkinson, "System Identification of a Farm Vehicle Using Carrier-Phase Differential GPS”，VNIS ’89, Toronto, Canada，Sept· 1989, pl51_ 155·(1) Takai, Hideo, ^Hybrid navigation system for determining a relative position and direction of a vehicle and method therefore". United States Patent 4743913, 1988 (2) KARL N· MURPHY, "ANALYSIS OF ROBOTIC VEHICLE STEERING AND CONTROLLER DELAY" , Fifth International Symposium on Robotics and Manufacturing, August 15-17, 1994. (3) K. Murphy· ''Navigation and Retro-Traverse on a Remotely Operated Vehicle·” Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Intelligent Control and Instrumentation. Siegapore, February, 1992. (4) Sukkarieh S, Nebot EM, Durrant-Whyte HF, 6<A High Integrity IMU/GPS. Navigation Loop for Autonomous Land Vehicle Applicatioιls, ^ IEEE Transactions on. Robotics and Automation, vol 15 no 3: P .572-578, 1999 (5) Bingeman, Kirk; Velasquez, Richard; Tekniepe, William, "Magnetic wheel 200824930 sensor for vehicle navigation system^, United States Patent 6446005, 2002 (6) Farrell JA, Tan HS, Yang YC , "Carrier Phase GPS-Aided INS-Based Vehicle Lateral Contr oF9, Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control^ September 2003 — Volume 125, Issue 3, pp. 339-353 (7) Jay A. Farrell, Tony D. Givargis, and Matthew J. Barth, uReal-Time Differential Carrier Phase GPS-Aided INS", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 8, NO. 4, JULY 2000 (8) Gabriel Elkaim, Michael 0? Connor, Thomas Bell, and Dr. Bradford Parkinson, "System Identification of a Farm Vehicle Using Carrier-Phase Differential GPS", VNIS '89, Toronto, Canada, Sept· 1989, pl51_ 155·
(9 ) C.R. Carlson, J.C. Gerdes, and J.D. Powell, "Practical Position and Yaw Rate Estimation with GPS and Differential Wheelspeeds^, in Proceedings of AVEC2002, the 6th International Symposium on Advanced Vehicle Control, September 9-13, 2002, Hiroshima，Japan. (10) C.R· Carlson，J.C· Gerdes，and J.D· Powell，“Error Sources When Land Vehicle Dead Reckoning with Differential Wheelspeeds^ by in Navigation, the Journal of The Institute of Navigation, Vol. 51, No. 1, 2004, pp. 13-27. 【發明内容】 本發明之第一目的，在於當汽車行駛時即時地對輪胎氣壓進行自 動監測，對輪胎漏氣和低氣壓進行警報，以保障行車安全，是駕車者 和乘車人貝的生命安全保障預警系統。 在汽車胎壓監視系統TPMS(Tire Pressure Monitoring System，） 中，主要由安裝在汽車輪胎内的（a)壓力感測器；（b)溫度感測器和（c) 訊號處理單元；（d)RF發射器組成的TPMS發射模組，以及安裝在汽車駕 駛台上包括(e)’收If ;(f)數位訊號處理單元；（g)液晶顯示器⑽) 組成，是-個整合了半導體壓力感·、、半導體溫度感測器 、數位訊 號處理單元和電源管理n的晶H统模組。為了祕節電，使發 11 200824930 .，射模組在-節鐘電池下能工作3〜5年，，大多數時間讓系統進入睡眠狀 * •態，以達到省電與延長電池壽命。 本心月之第一目的’藉由與上述之胎壓感測系統裝置於汽車 左輪和右輪的雙軸加速度感測器，偵測左右車輪的轉速計算左右車 輪的轉速差’進而獲得車輛的賴速度與轉向，達到wss定位的功能 並增加定位速朗每秒十次以上，翻車輛定位之目的。 【實施方式】 肇 壹·本發明的設計重點 本發明之糸統的設計重點必須考慮下列幾項·· (1)元件選擇 知用可雜和蚊性，能適應工作在—到+125。^溫度範圍之元 件。且為了縮小TPMS發射模組的體積、節省功耗和增強功能，需要盡 可此的選用片上複合晶片’如包含壓力制器、溫度感測器 、加速度 I感測器和ASIC的複合晶片，包含訊號處理單元MCU和無線發射器Tx(RF) 或無線接收器Rx(RF)的複合晶片。tpms是一個按產業標準設計、生產、 檢驗，按消費電子產品價格銷售的產品，因此產品的生產成本至關重 要。產品的ESD保護要符合MIL-STD· 833的標準，即人體模式(HBM)大於 4KV〇 (2)省電與唤醒 本系統為可使TPMS發射模組在一節鋰電池下能工作3〜5年，因此欲 系統節電需在大多數時間讓系統進入睡眠狀態，才能省電與延長電池 壽命。汽車啟動時和進入高速行駛時，喚醒TPMS系統的方法一般有二 12 200824930 禮 n車啟動時吓奶自檢，，進入高速行駛時用事先設定軟體程式 物巡迴檢測。為此，需要TPMS接㈣發出呼喚訊號，在·s發射模 Mi要安ia_(Wake—up)晶#，純於喚賴率為ι25幽峨，娜 接收為要發&具有-定功軸呼喚峨，需要在通雄㈣上增加一 級天線驅動；二是在感測器模組中增加加速度感測II ,利用其品質對 運動的感應性，實現汽車啟動自動開機，進人系統自檢，汽車高速行 駛時按運_度自動智慧確定檢測咖觸，雜體設定安全期、感 應期和危險期，以逐漸縮短檢測周期和提高預警能力。 (3)船壓與溫度 如上述本發明之目的，為保障駕車者和乘車人員的生命安全安 全’故而對汽車行驶時即時地對輪胎氣壓進行自動監測；然而監測汽 車輪胎，同時必須重視其密切相關之溫度。 室内試驗酬：當汽車輪胎氣壓低於標準辦，變形增大，受力 產生變化’易使輪壁層呈環狀斷裂，胎面磨損不均，胎相磨損急劇 增大’使輪胎使用壽命_豆。若胎縣期低於正常氣壓的_，在高速 行敬時’輪胎會急劇升溫而脫層，最後導致爆胎。輪胎氣壓高於標準 值時，因輪胎與地面接觸的面積減少，單位璧力增冑使輪胎月台面的 中部磨損增加。若提高車胎氣壓25%，輪胎壽命將會降低15_施；降低 氣壓25%，壽命大約降低継。（注意：一般轎車的輪胎正常氣壓值在 21〇kpa左右(lkgf/cm看pa)，多座位商務車(7姻在缝阳左右為 宜。）汽車輪胎溫度越高，輪胎的強度越低，變形越大（一般溫度不能 超聊度，當溫度達到95度時，輪胎的情況非常危險），每升高i度， 13 200824930 、 .，輪胎磨損就增加，·’行駿速度每增加，輪胎行駿里程降低5〇%。 篆·本發明的汽車胎壓監視系統TPMS架構 4看圖1所示，本發明之汽車胎壓監視系統TpMS(Tire pressure Monitoring System，），是-個整合了半導體壓力感測器、半導體溫度 感測is、數位訊號處理單元廳你電源管理器的晶片系統模組。其並 以無線傳輸方式來達成資料的傳送，且藉由顯示器來顯示感測資訊， 亦即其更進-步包括有無線發射器τ难F)、無線接收器糾明、數位 訊號處理單元MCU及顯示器（可為液晶顯示器(lcd)。 參·本發明TPMS的感測器 明參看圖2所示，TPMS的壓力感測器都是用基於河迎^^技術來設 計生產的，主要有矽整合電容器式壓力感測器，如飛思卡爾的 MPXY8020、MPXY8040 ;矽壓阻式壓力感測器，如GEN〇vaS^s〇r的 NPX1、NPXC01746 ’ Infineon SensoNor的SP12、SP12T、SP30。石夕壓 ⑩阻式壓力感測器是採用高精密半導體電阻應變片組成惠斯頓電橋作為 力電變換測量電路，其測量精密度能達〇〇1_〇〇3%FS。叮^^^壓力感測 器是一個晶片系統模組。如上所述，其内部典型架構包括整合了矽顯 微機械加工的壓力感測器（丨〇)、溫度感測器（11)、加速度感測器（12)、 電池電壓檢測、内部時脈，以及一個包含類比數位轉換器（A%)、取樣 /保持(S/H)、SPI埠、校準、數據管理、Π)碼的數位訊號處理單元、喚 醒TPMS (wake-up)省電晶片-ATA5283以及壓阻式感測器ATAR862，模 組具有光罩可程式性，即可以利用使用者專用軟體進行配置。其中壓 阻式感測器疋由MEMS壓力感測器和半導體S〇C電路，用積體電路製程做 14 200824930 在一個封裝裏的。為了縮小汽車輪胎内的測量、訊號處理IC所佔面積 與發射模組的體積，壓力/溫度訊號處理與發射也採用組合的soc。在 組合的SoC封裝上方留有一個壓力/溫度導入孔，將壓力直接導入在壓 力感測器的應力薄膜上，周邊固定的圓形應力薄膜内壁由半導體應變 片組成惠斯頓測量電橋，同時這個孔還將環境溫度直接導入半導體溫 度感測器上。為了便於TPMS接收器的識別，每個壓力感測器都具有6一8 位元獨特的ID碼。 肆·本發明TPMS之壓力/溫度訊號處理與發射 请看圖3所示，上述之壓力/溫度訊號處理與發射，其採用之組合 SoC，它們都是將一片JICU、一片超高頻(UHF)RF發送器整合在同一封裝 内。MCU—般為4位元或8位元CPU核心，包括時脈管理、EEPR0M、RAM、 多個計時器、多個I/O埠、内部晶振等aUHFRF發送器&ATAR862為例， 其内部嵌人的是丁5754丽^1(爪，發送器，1'5754内部由？1^、則、 功率放大器等組成，外部晶振源經串列埠諧振器供給VC〇， 提供％•脈’ MCU將已編碼的數據串流經功率放大器調變在指定頻 率，交由天線發射。天線採用印製在PCB板上的環狀天線，發射功率要 求PA在9· 5mA時能輸出7-10dBm。 ASK是振幅變換調變，FSK是頻率變換調變。發射頻率北美 標準為315MHz，歐洲標準為433.92MHZ，韓國為權MHz，已有人建 議新標準為868MHz。由於現在的汽車大多都已取消了内胎，因此為 TPMS發職組安裝縣了極大雛，目射pMs發雜組在汽車 輪胎内的安裝有兩種方式：糊氣恤安裝和细緊箍扣安裝在輪轂 15 200824930 * 土。無論採用哪種方式，安裝完TP]V[S發射模組都必須對輪胎重新做動 • 平衡檢驗。 伍·本發明TPMS接收器 請看圖4所示，TPMS接收器是由UHF ASK/FSK RF接收1C和訊號處 理MCU、鍵盤、LCD顯示器'組成。rf接收1C和訊號處理MCU安裝在一個盒 子裏，可安裝在汽車儀表箱内，帶控制鍵盤的LCD顯示器可安裝在駕駛 台上，LCD顯示器能即時顯示每個輪胎的壓力、溫度和每一個輪胎的卬 識別碼，以及聲光警報。UHF ASK/FSK跗接收器以T5743為例，該晶片 由低噪音放大器（LNA)、低通濾波器（LPF)、中頻功率放大器、ASK/FSK 解調器數據介面，以及PLL、ΧΤ0、VC0、混頻器組成。天線接收到的訊 號經RF類比前端的LAN放大、LPF濾波、ASK/FSK解調，取出的數據串流 交TPJ1K接收器的MCU，經軟體處理還原出胎壓、溫度、Π)碼給LCD顯示， 並智慧辨別系統是否安全，以及提供聲光警報。接收器的MCU需要有8K Flash和32位元I/O埠，才能適應本系統功能的需要。如圖5所示，一 輛轎車需要4個TPMS發射模組(備胎還需要1個）、1個TPMS接收器。如 圖6所示，一輛卡車需要6-12個TPMS發射模組。為了提高系統的接收 能力和抗干擾能力，系統安裝時需要在汽車底盤安裝接收天線。 陸•車輛的運動速度與轉向感測系統(Yaw Rate Estimaticm> 在車輛的運動速度與轉向感測系統(Yaw Rate Estimation)方面， 當車輛裝了GPS便可獲得汽車的運動速度與方向角，然而gps常有丟星 的情形，故本發明使用加速度感測器與陀螺儀是最傳統的定位方法， 將藉由與胎壓感測系統裝置於汽車左輪和右輪的雙軸加速度感測器， 16 200824930 # ， 偵測左右車輪的轉速，，計算左右車輪的轉速差，進而獲得車輛的運動 .速=轉向’達爾微㈣舰並增加定位速朗每料次以上。 气車轉丐8守迴轉的内側車輪之執跡較短和外側車輪執跡較 長’造成内外側車輪的速度差，此現象如圖7所示，盆中· V料齡心的速度；狀車輛的蕭angle; r是車輛的爾角速度 if疋左韵輪中心的速度;Vrf是右前輪中心的速度(9) CR Carlson, JC Gerdes, and JD Powell, "Practical Position and Yaw Rate Estimation with GPS and Differential Wheelspeeds^, in Proceedings of AVEC2002, the 6th International Symposium on Advanced Vehicle Control, September 9-13, 2002, Hiroshima , Japan. (10) CR· Carlson, JC· Gerdes, and JD·Powell, “Error Sources When Land Vehicle Dead Reckoning with Differential Wheelspeeds^ by in Navigation, the Journal of The Institute of Navigation, Vol. 51, No. 1 , 2004, pp. 13-27. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The first object of the present invention is to automatically monitor the tire air pressure when the vehicle is running, and to alert the tire leakage and low air pressure to ensure driving safety. Life safety warning system for motorists and passengers. In the Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS), it is mainly installed in the tires of the car (a) pressure sensor; (b) temperature Sensor and (c) signal processing unit; (d) TPMS transmitter module consisting of RF transmitters, and installed in the car The driving platform includes (e) receiving If; (f) digital signal processing unit; (g) liquid crystal display (10), which is an integrated semiconductor pressure sensor, semiconductor temperature sensor, digital signal processing unit and Power management n crystal H system module. In order to save electricity, make 11 200824930., the shooting module can work for 3 to 5 years under the - bell battery, most of the time let the system go to sleep state To achieve power saving and extend battery life. The first purpose of this month is to calculate the left and right wheels by detecting the rotational speed of the left and right wheels by using the above-mentioned tire pressure sensing system device for the two-axis acceleration sensor of the left and right wheels of the car. The difference in rotational speed' further obtains the speed and steering of the vehicle, achieves the function of wss positioning and increases the positioning speed by more than ten times per second, and the purpose of turning the vehicle is positioned. [Embodiment] The design focus of the present invention is the present invention. The design priorities of SiS must consider the following items: (1) Component selection knows how to use and mosquito, and can adapt to work - to +125. ^ The components of the temperature range. In order to reduce the size, power consumption and enhancement of the TPMS transmitting module, it is necessary to select an on-chip composite chip such as a composite wafer including a pressure controller, a temperature sensor, an acceleration I sensor and an ASIC, including A composite chip of a signal processing unit MCU and a wireless transmitter Tx (RF) or a wireless receiver Rx (RF). Tpms is a product that is designed, produced, and inspected according to industry standards and sold at the price of consumer electronics. Therefore, the production cost of the product is crucial. The ESD protection of the product should meet the MIL-STD·833 standard, that is, the human body mode (HBM) is greater than 4KV. (2) Power saving and wake-up system can make the TPMS transmitting module work under a lithium battery for 3 to 5 years. Therefore, in order to save power, the system needs to put the system to sleep most of the time, in order to save power and extend battery life. When the car starts up and enters the high-speed driving, the method of waking up the TPMS system generally has two 12 200824930. When the car starts, it is scared by self-test, and when it enters the high-speed driving, it uses the preset software program to patrol the test. To this end, you need TPMS to connect (4) to send a call signal, in the · s launch mode Mi want to ia_ (Wake-up) crystal #, pure call rate is ι25 峨 峨, Na received for to send & have - fixed axis Calling 峨, you need to add a first-level antenna drive on Tongxiong (four); second, increase the acceleration sensing II in the sensor module, use its quality to sense the motion, realize the auto start of the car, enter the system self-test, the car When driving at high speed, the automatic detection of the coffee touch is determined according to the operation degree, and the safety period, the induction period and the dangerous period are set in the hybrid to gradually shorten the detection period and improve the early warning capability. (3) Ship pressure and temperature. For the purpose of the present invention described above, in order to ensure the safety and safety of motorists and occupants, the tire pressure is automatically monitored immediately when the vehicle is running; however, the monitoring of the car tires must be emphasized. Closely related temperature. Indoor test remuneration: When the car tire pressure is lower than the standard, the deformation increases, and the force changes. 'It is easy to make the wheel wall layer ring-shaped fracture, the tread wear is uneven, and the tire wear is sharply increased' to make the tire service life _ beans. If the fetus period is lower than the normal pressure _, the tire will rise sharply and delamination at high speed, and eventually cause a puncture. When the tire pressure is higher than the standard value, the area of contact between the tire and the ground is reduced, and the unit force is increased to increase the wear of the middle portion of the tire platform. If the tire pressure is increased by 25%, the tire life will be reduced by 15%; the air pressure will be reduced by 25% and the life will be reduced by about 継. (Note: the normal car tire pressure is about 21〇kpa (lkgf/cm see pa), multi-seat commercial car (7 marriage is suitable for sewing around the sun.) The higher the car tire temperature, the lower the strength of the tire, The greater the deformation (the general temperature can not exceed the degree of chattering, when the temperature reaches 95 degrees, the condition of the tire is very dangerous), for every degree of increase, 13 200824930, ., tire wear will increase, · 'the speed of the tires increase, tires The TTMS structure of the automobile tire pressure monitoring system of the present invention is as shown in Fig. 1. The tire pressure monitoring system (TpMS) of the present invention is an integrated semiconductor. Pressure sensor, semiconductor temperature sensing is, digital signal processing unit, your power manager's chip system module. It uses wireless transmission to achieve data transmission, and displays the sensing information through the display, that is, Further steps include wireless transmitter τ difficult F), wireless receiver correction, digital signal processing unit MCU and display (which can be a liquid crystal display (lcd). The sensor of the TPMS of the present invention is shown in FIG. 2 TPMS pressure sensors are designed and manufactured based on the river's welcoming technology. There are mainly integrated capacitor pressure sensors, such as Freescale's MPXY8020 and MPXY8040; 矽 piezoresistive pressure sensors. Such as GEN〇vaS^s〇r NPX1, NPXC01746 'Infineon SensoNor SP12, SP12T, SP30. Shi Xi pressure 10 resistive pressure sensor is a high-precision semiconductor resistance strain gauge composed of Wheatstone bridge as a power conversion The measurement circuit has a measurement precision of 〇〇1_〇〇3%FS. The 感^^^ pressure sensor is a wafer system module. As mentioned above, its internal internal architecture includes integrated 矽 micromachining. Pressure sensor (丨〇), temperature sensor (11), acceleration sensor (12), battery voltage detection, internal clock, and an analog-to-digital converter (A%), sample/hold ( S/H), SPI埠, calibration, data management, Π) code digital signal processing unit, wake-up TPMS (wake-up) power-saving chip - ATA5283 and piezoresistive sensor ATAR862, module with reticle programmable Sexuality can be configured using user-specific software. Among them, the piezoresistive sensor is made of a MEMS pressure sensor and a semiconductor S〇C circuit, which is manufactured in an integrated circuit process. In order to reduce the measurement of the car tire, the area occupied by the signal processing IC and the volume of the transmitting module, the combined pressure and temperature signal processing and transmission also adopts a soc. A pressure/temperature introduction hole is left above the combined SoC package, and the pressure is directly introduced into the stress film of the pressure sensor, and the inner wall of the circularly fixed stress film is composed of a semiconductor strain gauge to form a Wheatstone measurement bridge. This hole also directs the ambient temperature directly to the semiconductor temperature sensor. In order to facilitate the identification of the TPMS receiver, each pressure sensor has a unique 8- to 8-bit ID code.肆·The TPMS pressure/temperature signal processing and emission of the present invention, as shown in Figure 3, the above pressure/temperature signal processing and transmission, the combination of SoC, they are all a JICU, a piece of ultra high frequency (UHF) The RF transmitters are integrated in the same package. MCU is generally a 4-bit or 8-bit CPU core, including clock management, EEPR0M, RAM, multiple timers, multiple I/O ports, internal crystal oscillators, etc., for example, aUHFRF Transmitter & ATAR862 The person is Ding 5754 Li ^ 1 (claw, transmitter, 1'5754 internal consists of ?1, then, power amplifier, etc., the external crystal source is supplied to the VC〇 via a tandem 埠 resonator, providing %•脉' MCU will The encoded data stream is modulated by the power amplifier at a specified frequency and transmitted to the antenna. The antenna uses a loop antenna printed on the PCB, and the transmit power requirement PA can output 7-10dBm at 9·5mA. Amplitude transform modulation, FSK is frequency conversion modulation. The transmission frequency is 315MHz in North America, 433.92MHZ in European standard, and the power is in MHz in Korea. It has been suggested that the new standard is 868MHz. Since most of the current cars have canceled the inner tube, There are two ways to install the county for the TPMS service group. There are two ways to install the pMs hair mixing group in the car tires: the paste shirt installation and the thin tight band are installed on the wheel hub 15 200824930 * soil. No matter which way , after installing TP]V[S transmitting module must The tire must be re-actuated • Balance check. The TPMS receiver of the present invention is shown in Figure 4. The TPMS receiver is composed of UHF ASK/FSK RF receiving 1C and signal processing MCU, keyboard, LCD display. rf receiving The 1C and signal processing MCUs are housed in a box that can be installed in the car's instrument box. The LCD display with control keyboard can be mounted on the bridge. The LCD display instantly displays the pressure, temperature and enthalpy of each tire. Identification code, and audible and visual alarm. UHF ASK/FSK跗 receiver uses T5743 as an example. The chip consists of low noise amplifier (LNA), low pass filter (LPF), intermediate frequency power amplifier, ASK/FSK demodulator data. Interface, and PLL, ΧΤ0, VC0, mixer. The signal received by the antenna is amplified by the RF analog front end, LPF filtering, ASK/FSK demodulation, and the extracted data stream is transmitted to the MCU of the TPJ1K receiver. The process restores the tire pressure, temperature, and Π code to the LCD display, and intelligently identifies whether the system is safe and provides an audible and visual alarm. The MCU of the receiver needs 8K Flash and 32-bit I/O埠 to meet the needs of the system. As shown in Figure 5, a car requires four TPMS transmitter modules (one for the spare tire) and one TPMS receiver. As shown in Figure 6, a truck requires 6-12 TPMS launch modules. In order to improve the receiving capacity and anti-interference ability of the system, the system needs to install the receiving antenna on the chassis of the car. Luw's speed and steering sensing system (Yaw Rate Estimaticm> In the vehicle's speed and Yaw Rate Estimation, when the vehicle is equipped with GPS, you can get the speed and direction of the car, however Gps often has a star-loss situation, so the present invention uses an acceleration sensor and a gyroscope to be the most traditional positioning method, and will be equipped with a tire pressure sensing system for the two-axis acceleration sensor of the left and right wheels of the car. 16 200824930 # , Detect the speed of the left and right wheels, calculate the difference between the left and right wheels, and then get the motion of the vehicle. Speed = turn to the 'Dal Wei (four) ship and increase the positioning speed of the material more than once. The inner wheel is shorter and the outer wheel is longer. 'The speed difference between the inner and outer wheels is caused. This phenomenon is shown in Figure 7. The speed of the V-age heart in the basin; the Xiao angle of the vehicle; r is The angular velocity of the vehicle is the speed of the center of the left rhythm; Vrf is the speed of the center of the right front wheel
Vlr疋左後輪中心的速度；L是右後輪中心的速度 3疋方向盤的轉動角度(steering angle) ; tw θ銘 tWr疋後輪軸寬；tWf是前輪 釉見。 推導汽車運動的方程式，先由後輪之運動可以導出Vlr 速度 the speed of the center of the left rear wheel; L is the speed of the center of the right rear wheel 3 ste steering angle of the steering wheel; tw θ 铭 tWr 疋 rear wheel axle width; tWf is the front wheel glaze. The equation for deriving motor motion can be derived from the motion of the rear wheel.
Vlr = ⑴ ⑵Vlr = (1) (2)
Vrr - 因此由方程式（1)和(2)可以求得YAW角迷度 -Vir twr (3) 同理，由前輪之運動亦可以獲得 r-Vrr - Therefore, the YAW angles can be obtained from equations (1) and (2) -Vir twr (3). Similarly, the motion of the front wheels can also be obtained.
Vrf - Vlf twf cos(^) ⑷ 17 200824930 ’因此，我們應該從（3)去獲得YAW角連度較簡單，可以不用再去瞭 解方向盤哺動角度δ的大小。故我們可鴻兩個料加速度感測器 正s在胎壓感測裝置上，並安置在兩個後輪胎内。如圖8所示，/是 指向軸心的向心加速度；心是垂直於徑線的切線加速度。當車輛開始 移動時，輪胎的轉動將保證以下四個方程式 ⑸ ⑹ ⑺Vrf - Vlf twf cos(^) (4) 17 200824930 ‘So, we should get the YAW angle connection from (3) is simple, we can eliminate the need to understand the angle δ of the steering wheel. Therefore, we can use two material acceleration sensors in the tire pressure sensing device and placed in the two rear tires. As shown in Figure 8, / is the centripetal acceleration pointing to the axis; the heart is the tangential acceleration perpendicular to the axis. When the vehicle starts moving, the rotation of the tire will guarantee the following four equations (5) (6) (7)
=^cos<9rr+/?(9ΓΓ anrr =Re^r-gs\n9rr V/t (’) = Kr (,0) + 沢々rr (卜 ％) 其中4和4是藉由雙轴加速度感測器量得，g是重力加速度，反加 速度感測器所在位置與軸心的距離，0rr代表後右車輪的轉動角度。故 可以解微分方程式而得到0rr、之角速度和Vit。同理^〜和〜均 可獲得，進一步代入方程式），得到r (Yaw Rate)，和方程式得到$ (Steering angle)〇 請看圖9所示，如上所述已推導獲得r (YawRate)的過程，故在 Wheel-speed sensor (WSS)定位系統中，將計算汽車運動過程中的位 置變化’提供給汽車導航系統使用。車輛重心的速度¥和方向被定義如 下。其炉k為V與北方的夾角，故航向角的變化為 (9) 18 (10) 200824930 V在導航座標系上的分量為 VN (k) = V(k)co^k; VE (k) - V(fc)sin ¥k 在導航座標系上取樣間隔T内汽車的位移量為 _k=VN(k)，T; AEk=V£(k).T· ⑴） 並假設每一取樣間隔内載具之移動距離與地球半徑RE相比很 ，故經由幾何分析經度改變量△ ，緯度的改變量△必* (12) 紙-… AEk 因此，藉由此WSS的新定位（j#，必々)為 办=爽—i+△办;(13) 所以只要能夠量測4和4，得到0rr、之角速度和Vrr、vlr、 Vrf和Vif ’進一步得到r (Yaw Rate)，最後獲得（“心）。 明看圖1 0所示’如上所述在TPMS & Navigation System航行系 統方面’本發明採用Infineon的SP30之高整合度感測器模組 φ (integrated Microcontroller, LF Receiver and Accelerometer)=^cos<9rr+/?(9ΓΓ anrr =Re^r-gs\n9rr V/t (') = Kr (,0) + 沢々rr (b%) where 4 and 4 are sensed by biaxial acceleration The amount of the device is g, g is the acceleration of gravity, the distance between the position of the anti-acceleration sensor and the axis, and 0rr represents the angle of rotation of the rear right wheel. Therefore, the differential equation can be solved to obtain the angular velocity of 0rr, the angular velocity and the Vit. Similarly, ^~ and ~ Can be obtained, further substituted into the equation), get r (Yaw Rate), and the equation gives $ (Steering angle), please see Figure 9, as described above, the process of obtaining r (YawRate) has been derived, so in Wheel-speed In the sensor (WSS) positioning system, the position change during the calculation of the vehicle movement is provided to the car navigation system. The speed of the center of gravity of the vehicle and the direction are defined as follows. The furnace k is the angle between V and the north, so the change of the heading angle is (9) 18 (10) 200824930 V The component on the navigation coordinate system is VN (k) = V(k)co^k; VE (k) - V(fc)sin ¥k The displacement of the car in the sampling interval T on the navigation coordinate system is _k=VN(k), T; AEk=V£(k).T·(1)) and assume each sampling interval The moving distance of the inner carrier is very large compared with the radius of the earth RE. Therefore, the geometrical analysis of the longitude change amount △, the latitude change amount △ must * (12) paper -... AEk Therefore, by this new positioning of WSS (j#, must 々) for the office = cool - i + △ do; (13) so as long as you can measure 4 and 4, get 0rr, the angular velocity and Vrr, vlr, Vrf and Vif ' further get r (Yaw Rate), and finally get ("heart See Figure 10 for the 'TPMS & Navigation System navigation system as described above'. The invention uses Infineon's SP30 high integration sensor module φ (integrated Microcontroller, LF Receiver and Accelerometer)
和external UHF transmitter發射器裝置於輪胎側；且本發明使用 Inf ineon 8位元XC866單晶片微控制器、UHF接收器TDA5200與LCD 顯示器做為接收與顯示終端，並以附有LCD控制器的系統晶片來負責。 由於顯示終端具有導航與胎壓顯示等行車狀態的功能，因此將可 以數位儀表來呈現，故综合以上所有發明資料並將其量體化，參考如 圖1 1所示，此為LCD銀幕顯示之一種構想形態。 以上所述，僅為本發明之一可行實施例，並非用以限定本發明之 19 200824930 專利範圍’凡舉依據下列申請專利藥圍 而為之其他變化的等效實施， f〜粑圍所述之内容、特徵以及其精神 皆應包含於本發明之專利範圍内。 、、’T、上所述本务崎具體微於巾料利範圍之技術特徵，未見 fol τΚδ ^ Θ itiL » %And an external UHF transmitter transmitter on the tire side; and the present invention uses an Inf ineon 8-bit XC866 single-chip microcontroller, a UHF receiver TDA5200 and an LCD display as a receiving and display terminal, and a system with an LCD controller The chip is responsible. Since the display terminal has the function of navigation state such as navigation and tire pressure display, it can be presented by a digital meter, so all the above invention materials are integrated and quantified, as shown in FIG. 11 , which is displayed on the LCD screen. A concept form. The above description is only one of the possible embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the equivalent scope of the invention, which is based on the following patent application. The content, features, and spirit of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention. ,, 'T, the technical characteristics of the above-mentioned Nakasaki specific micro-in the range of the towel, no fol τΚδ ^ Θ itiL » %
予專利，以維護本申請人合法之權益。 ，謹請鈞局依法核 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1是本發明TPMS系統架構示意圖； 圖2是本發明TPMS模組架構示意圖； 圖3疋本發明UHF ASK/FSK RF發送器架構示意圖； 圖4疋本發明UHF ASK/FSK RF接收器架構示意圖； 圖5是本發明TPMS安裝於轎車之架構示意圖； 圖6是本發明TPMS安裝於卡車之架構示意圖； 圖7是本發明汽車轉向運動示意圖； 圖8是本發明TPMS感測器和雙軸加速度感測器安裝於輪胎位置示意 圖； 圖9是本發明平面運動之INS載體座標系（X，y)與GPS導航座標系（N， E)不意圖； 圖1 0是本發明TPMS & Navigation System架構示意圖； 圖11是本發明行車導航與汽機車儀表顯示畫面構想示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 (10)壓力感測器 （11)溫度感測器 20 200824930 (12)加速度感測器Patented to protect the legal rights of the applicant. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a TPMS system architecture of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a TPMS module architecture of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a UHF ASK/FSK RF transmitter architecture of the present invention; 4 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the UHF ASK/FSK RF receiver of the present invention; FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the TPMS installed in the car of the present invention; FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the TPMS installed in the truck of the present invention; 8 is a schematic view showing the position of the TPMS sensor and the biaxial acceleration sensor installed in the tire of the present invention; FIG. 9 is the INS carrier coordinate system (X, y) and the GPS navigation coordinate system (N, E) of the planar motion of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the TPMS & Navigation System architecture of the present invention; FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the navigation display and the locomotive display screen of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] (10) Pressure sensor (11) Temperature sensor 20 200824930 (12) Acceleration sensor