200813208 ' 九、發明說明： 相關申請案之交互參照 •本申請案係2006年7月18日申請的專利申請 η/彻，遍的部分連續案，並且主張該案之優先權。〜 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明的領域為從礙質原料(feed stock)合成運輸燃 料。 、 【先前技術】 由於受到許多包括環境、健康、安全議題以及未來不 可避免的石油類燃料供應置乏等關注事項的驅策，對於梦 別新的化學能源資源和將其轉換成為替代性運輸燃料的: 法仍有所需求。世界上内燃機燃料的運輸工具之數目 續成長中，特別是在中階的開發中國家。美國以外全世界 主要使用柴油燃料之運輸工具族群，比在美國内部成長得 更快速。當引進使用混合及/或柴油引擎技術的更具辦料效 益之運輸工具以同時減少燃料消耗和總體棑出物時Γ此等 情況將可獲得改變。由於製造石油類燃料所用之 漸耗盡’因此除非開發出非石油性替代燃料，特別是料 燃燒（dean-burning)之合成柴油燃料，否則對石油的依賴 一項重大問題。再者，傳統引… 排放控制方法。滅淨燃燒性合成柴油燃料助減 自柴油引擎的排放物。 1 潔淨燃燒之運輸燃料的製造係需要重組(ref咖遍e) 94051 5 200813208 = ΐ發現自沒用過的材料來產生動力或 .的有機或=::=可使用的資源係衍生自可再生 可行的方法，因為輸入的原料已經被認定為幾 又液運於當作廢棄物被拋棄’且其棄置往往造成污染。 輸鮮料L 料具有優於氣態燃料的固有優點，液態運 产一厂目同昼力與溫度時具有比氣態燃料更高的能量密 氣態燃料則必須以高_存在交通工具 、♦ θ 且右發生洩漏或突然破裂的狀況將會有安全的 ?慮、=態燃料的分配係使關單的泵及輸送管路，比氣 :力料奋易々多。現有運輪部門的液態燃料補給基礎設施 咖e)確保能將所製造之任何潔淨燃燒的合成液 恶運輸燃料輕易地整合至現有的市場。 潔淨燃燒的液態運輸燃料的可取得性係國家級的優先 事務。由碳質來源潔淨地且有效地製造合成氣（氫與一氧化 碳的混合物）將同時有益於運輸部分及社會健康，該等碳質 來源可經施行費-托型製程（Fischer_Tr〇psch _ pws) 而製造潔淨而且有價值的合成汽油及柴油燃料。費-托型製 程，反應器，在本文中將其界定為分別包括托製程或反 應器’為任何使用合成氣來製造液態燃料的製程或反應 器。同樣地，費-托型液態燃料為經由此製程或反應器所製 造的燃料。費-托型製程能將現有最新發展的引擎廢氣後處 理法應用於ΝΟχ還原、將存在於柴油引擎廢氣中的毒性微 94051 6 200813208 粒移除以及將正常燃燒產物污染物減量，現有製程是藉由 觸媒來完成’該等觸媒會被任何存在的硫迅速毒化而^低 觸媒的效率，像是在普通石油魅的柴油簡原料的情 形。典型地，由合成氣所製造之費_托型液態燃料為不含 硫、不含芳香族且在合成柴油燃料的情況中具有超高 六烧值。 ° 生物質（biomass)材料為用於製造可再生燃料中最常 被處理的碳質廢棄物原料。生物質原料可經轉換而產生 電、熱、有償值的化學品或燃料。在羞種生物質利用技術 的使用與發展中，加州為國内頂尖者。舉例來說，就在加 州地區的利維塞德市（Riverside c麵ty)，估計每天拖棄約 働㈣的廢棄木料。根據其他的估計’每天有超過！ 〇m〇〇 嘴，生物質被傾倒至利維塞德市集中區的垃圾掩埋場。此 廢，物包括約3G%廢棄紙張或紙板，辦。有機（植物及食物 廢棄物及3G%木料、紙張、塑膠及金屬棄物的組合。此 廢棄材料的碳質成分具有化學能，若可將其轉換為潔淨燃 ^料’將可用於降低對其他能源的需求。這些後質材料 例如紙張’可經分類、再利用及再循環作為 辛= 廢棄物直接運送至轉換設備的話，廢 衣、冬不而要付垃圾傾倒費。廢棄物管制局通常合 :取二:貝倒費’現在每们。至％美元’以彌補處理； 工廠不僅能降低處理成本，而且由於降低的處 94051 7 200813208 外的廢棄物還能利用。 燃木火爐中燃燒木料為使用生物質來產生熱能的簡 早例子。不幸地，開放式燃燒生物質廢棄物以獲得能量及 熱亚非利用熱值㈣。rifie value)之潔淨且有效率的方法。 7日正在發掘許多利用碳質廢棄物的新方式。舉例來說， :L:i為製造合成液態運輸燃料，而另-方式為製造用 於軺換為電力的高能氣體。 室自可再生性生物質來源的燃料實際上可降低溫 、;=:二氧化碳的淨累積，同時提供用於運輸的潔 二=的能量。從生物質來源共同製造(c”r〇ducti_ 二成液祕料的主要益處之—為其可提供 造成全球暖化的溫室氣體效應。未來運。 =广方法將可提供潔淨燃燒燃料以用於可長期維持的 可再生燃料經濟。 輸^多將煤及其他碳質材料轉換為潔淨燃燒的運 油類燃料競爭’$ ψ |上無法與石 该專揮备性燃料具有太高的蒸 於亏 區，例如南加州枝v. u. ”，、忐用於同万染 法規立、本欽备 ），以致於無法從潔淨空氣200813208 ' IX. INSTRUCTIONS: Cross-references to related applications • This application is a continuation of a patent application filed on July 18, 2006, and claims the priority of the case. ~ [Technical Field to Which the Invention Is A] The field of the invention is to synthesize a transportation fuel from a feed stock. [Prior Art] Due to many concerns including environmental, health and safety issues and the inevitable shortage of petroleum fuel supply in the future, it is necessary to convert new chemical energy resources into alternative transportation fuels. : The law still has what it needs. The number of transport vehicles for internal combustion engines in the world continues to grow, especially in mid-developing countries. The world's major transportation vehicles using diesel fuel outside the United States are growing faster than in the United States. Changes can be made when introducing more efficient transportation vehicles using hybrid and/or diesel engine technology to reduce both fuel consumption and overall emissions. Because of the gradual depletion of petroleum-based fuels, the dependence on oil is a major problem unless non-petroleum alternative fuels, especially dean-burning synthetic diesel fuels, are developed. Furthermore, the traditional introduction... emission control method. Detergent combustible synthetic diesel fuel helps reduce emissions from diesel engines. 1 The manufacturing system of clean burning transportation fuel needs to be reorganized (ref café) 94051 5 200813208 = ΐ found that the material has not been used to generate power or organic or =::= available resources are derived from renewable A viable method, because the input raw materials have been identified as several, and the liquid is transported as waste to be discarded' and its disposal often causes pollution. The fresh material L material has the inherent advantage over the gaseous fuel. The liquid transportation production plant has the same energy and temperature as the gaseous fuel. The dense gas fuel must be high _ exist in the vehicle, ♦ θ and right A situation in which a leak or sudden rupture will occur is safe. The distribution of the fuel in the = state is such that the pump and the delivery line of the cut-off are more efficient than the gas: The liquid fuel replenishment infrastructure of the existing shipping sector ensures that any clean-burning synthetic liquid transportation fuel produced can be easily integrated into existing markets. The availability of clean burning liquid transportation fuels is a national priority. The clean and efficient production of syngas (a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide) from a carbonaceous source would be beneficial to both the transport sector and the social health, which can be carried out by a Fischer_Tr〇psch _ pws process. Produce clean and valuable synthetic gasoline and diesel fuel. A Fischer-Tropsch process, a reactor, is defined herein as a process or reactor that includes a process or reactor, respectively, for any use of syngas to produce a liquid fuel. Similarly, Fischer-Tropsch liquid fuels are fuels produced through such processes or reactors. The Fischer-Tropsch process can apply the latest development of the engine exhaust gas after-treatment method to the hydrazine reduction, remove the toxic micro-94051 6 200813208 particles present in the diesel engine exhaust gas, and reduce the normal combustion product pollutants. The existing process is borrowed. It is done by the catalyst that 'these catalysts will be quickly poisoned by any existing sulfur and the efficiency of the catalyst is low, as in the case of ordinary petroleum spirits. Typically, the Fischer-Tropsch liquid fuel produced from syngas is sulfur free, aromatic free and has an ultra high burn value in the case of synthetic diesel fuel. ° Biomass materials are the most commonly used carbon waste materials used in the manufacture of renewable fuels. Biomass feedstock can be converted to produce electricity, heat, and value-added chemicals or fuels. California is a top player in the use and development of shy biomass utilization technology. For example, in the city of Riverside, in the California area, it is estimated that the discarded wood (A) will be discarded every day. According to other estimates, there are more than every day! 〇m〇〇 mouth, the biomass was dumped to the landfill in the concentrated area of Leaviside. This waste, including about 3G% waste paper or cardboard, is handled. Organic (plant and food waste and 3G% wood, paper, plastic and metal waste combinations. The carbon content of this waste material has chemical energy, if it can be converted into clean fuels' will be used to reduce other The demand for energy. These post-materials such as paper can be sorted, reused and recycled as xin = waste directly delivered to the conversion equipment, waste clothes, winter will not have to pay the dumping fee. The waste control bureau usually : Take two: Beibei reimbursement 'now every one. To % dollars' to make up for the treatment; the factory can not only reduce the processing cost, but also the waste can be used because of the reduced location 94051 7 200813208. The burning wood in the wood burning stove is A simple example of the use of biomass to generate thermal energy. Unfortunately, open burning biomass waste to obtain a clean and efficient method of energy and thermal energy. On the 7th, many new ways of using carbon waste are being discovered. For example, :L:i is a synthetic liquid transportation fuel, and another way is to manufacture a high-energy gas that is used for electricity exchange. The fuel from the renewable biomass source can actually reduce the temperature; =: the net accumulation of carbon dioxide, while providing the energy for transportation. Co-manufacturing from biomass sources (c"r〇ducti_ The main benefit of the second liquid secret ingredient - it provides a greenhouse gas effect that contributes to global warming. Future shipments. = Wide method will provide clean burning fuel for use Renewable fuel economy that can be maintained for a long time. The conversion of coal and other carbonaceous materials into a clean burning oil-based fuel competition '$ ψ | can not be compared with the stone that has a high steaming loss District, such as the Southern California branch vu", 忐 used in the same 10,000 dyeing regulations, this is ready to be), so that it can not clean air
Methand ^ /近期方法之實例為Η%。】甲醇製程（办加1 以利用固能其使甩加氣氣化及蒸汽重組器反應器 其在每^石厌^料與天然氣的共進料來合成甲醇，而且 二々I:拉不範時具有>85%之經證實的碳轉換效率。 ' 赉明特別有益者為近來開發出的方法，其中係 94051 8 200813208 將碳質材料的漿體饋送到加氫氣化反應器中。我們實驗室 發展出一種製造合成氣的此類方法，其中係在產生大量發 生氣（producer gas)的條件下，將碳質材料粒子在水中的漿 體以及來自内部來源（internal source)的氫饋入加氫氣化反 應器中。在產生合成氣的條件下將發生氣與蒸汽一同饋入 蒸汽熱解重組器（pyrolytic reformer)中。此方法在]^〇1^^<; 等人的美國專利申請案序號1〇/503,435(以US 2005/ 0256212公開）中有詳細說明，發明名稱：「使用自持加氫 氣化從碳質材料製造合成運輸燃料（Production Of Synthetic Transporation Fuels From Carbonaceous Material Using Self-Sustained Hydro-Gasification)」。 在本方法的另一形式中，係使用蒸汽加氫氣化反應器 (SHR)在氫及蒸汽二者存在之下同時加熱該碳質材料以在 單一步驟中進行蒸汽熱解及加氫氣化。此方法在Norbeck 等人美國專利申請案序號10/911，348(以US 2005/ 0032920 _公開）中有詳細說明，發明名稱：「增進碳質材料的加氫氣 化之蒸汽熱解方法（Steam Pyrolysis As A Process to Enhance The Hydro-Gasification of CarbonaceousMethand ^ / An example of a recent method is Η%. Methanol process (add 1 to use solid energy to make helium gasification and steam reformer reactor to synthesize methanol in the co-feed of each stone and natural gas, and the second I: pull the time With >85% proven carbon conversion efficiency. 'Mu Ming is particularly beneficial to the recently developed method, in which 94051 8 200813208 feeds a slurry of carbonaceous material into a hydrogenation reactor. Our laboratory A method of manufacturing syngas has been developed in which a slurry of carbonaceous material particles in water and hydrogen from an internal source are fed to a hydrogen gas under conditions in which a large amount of producer gas is generated. In the reactor, the generated gas is fed into the steam pyrolysis reformer together with the steam under the condition that the synthesis gas is produced. The method is in the US Patent Application, which is incorporated herein by reference. No. 1 〇 / 503, 435 (published in US 2005/ 0256212), the title of the invention: "Use of self-sustaining hydrogenation to produce synthetic transportation fuel from carbonaceous materials (Production Of Synthetic Transporation Fuels From Carbonaceo Us Material Using Self-Sustained Hydro-Gasification). In another form of the method, a steam plus hydrogenation reactor (SHR) is used to simultaneously heat the carbonaceous material in the presence of both hydrogen and steam for a single In the step of steam pyrolysis and hydrogenation, the method is described in detail in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 10/911,348, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Steam Pyrolysis As A Process to Enhance The Hydro-Gasification of Carbonaceous
Material)」。美國專利申請案序號l〇/503,435及10/911,348 的揭示内容係以引用方式納入本文。 所有此等方法都需要形成可饋送至加氫氣化反應器的 生物質漿體（slurry)。為了提高發生於此等方法中的化學轉 換效率，宜使該漿體具有低的水對碳比例，因而具有高能 量密度，也使得該漿體更可泵送（pumpable)。高固體含量 9 94051 200813208 煤/水漿體已經成功地用於煤氣化器之加壓反應器進料系 統中。在煤/水漿體與生物質/水漿體之間有一很大的差異 在於：相較於在生物質漿體中約20重量％的固體含量，煤 漿體含有多達70重量％的固體含量。比較含碳量，相較於 生物質漿體的約8至10重量％的含碳量，煤漿體含有多達 約50重量％的含碳量。生物質的細胞壁之聚合物結構主要 由纖維素、半纖維素（hemicellulose)和木質素（lignin)所組 成。所有此等成份都含有羥基。此等羥基在水與生物質之 間的交互作用中扮演重要角色，其中水分子係經吸收以形 成氫鍵。生物質的此高度吸濕性通常即說明了生物質漿體 不容易以高含碳量製造之原因。 有許多方法業經開發用來製造高含碳量（high carbon content)漿體以用為加氫氣化器的原料（feedstock)。曰本的 JGC Corporation開發出生物質漿體燃料（Biomass Slurry Fuel)法，不過，其必須在具有310°C的溫度和2200 psi的 _壓力之半臨界條件下實施。該方法將高水含量生物質轉換 為具有約70%固體含量（此與煤/水漿體的含量相同）之水性 漿體。不過，其必須在高能量條件下進行。Material)". The disclosures of U.S. Patent Application Serial Nos., the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. All of these methods require the formation of a slurry of biomass that can be fed to the hydrogenation reactor. In order to increase the efficiency of chemical conversion occurring in such processes, it is preferred that the slurry have a low water to carbon ratio and thus a high energy density which also makes the slurry more pumpable. High solids content 9 94051 200813208 Coal/water slurries have been successfully used in pressurized reactor feed systems for coal gasifiers. There is a big difference between coal/water slurry and biomass/water slurry in that the coal slurry contains up to 70% by weight solids compared to about 20% by weight solids in the biomass slurry. content. Comparing the carbon content, the coal slurry contains up to about 50% by weight carbon content compared to about 8 to 10% by weight of the carbonaceous amount of the biomass slurry. The polymer structure of the cell wall of biomass is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. All of these ingredients contain hydroxyl groups. These hydroxyl groups play an important role in the interaction between water and biomass, where water molecules are absorbed to form hydrogen bonds. This high degree of hygroscopicity of biomass generally accounts for the fact that biomass slurries are not easily produced with high carbon content. There are a number of methods developed to produce high carbon content slurries for use as feedstocks for hydrogenation. JGC Corporation of Sakamoto developed the Biomass Slurry Fuel method, but it must be carried out under a semi-critical condition with a temperature of 310 ° C and a pressure of 2200 psi. The process converts high water content biomass to an aqueous slurry having a solids content of about 70%, which is the same as the coal/water slurry. However, it must be carried out under high energy conditions.
Texaco研究員開發出一種用於都市污水污泥之熱液 預處理方法，其包括將漿體加熱至350°C，接著進行兩階 段的快速蒸發，其同樣的需要高能量條件。 傳統上’木材的熱處理係伐木業中用來提兩木材的結 構性質的一種熟知技術，但並不用於製備漿體。該熱處理 減低了建築用木材的吸濕性並增加其耐久性。聚合物鏈係 10 94051 200813208 在熱處理中被裂解，且減少可用之羥基，因此與未處理 之木材相比，致使經處理之木材與水之交互作用受到限 生物質樣品的水性液化作用業經在壓熱器（autoclave) 中以約277至377°C的反應溫度範圍以及約725至2900 psi 實施，以獲得重油而不是漿體，其例子有雲杉木材粉末於 約377°C的液化作用，係獲得49%液體重油產率。參考A. ^ Demirbas/'Thermo chemical Conversion of Biomass to Liquid Products in the Aqueous Medium”，Energy Sources， 27:1235-1243, 2005 。 因此有需要一種用於濃縮生物質以製造漿體的方法， 該方法不需要如先前方法般嚴苛、消耗能量的條件。 【發明内容】 本發明提供一種用於將生物質轉換為具有較高含碳 量、高能量密度之漿體的高能源效率方法（energy _ efficient process)。更特定言之，係在遠低於先前方法所 使用.的溫度與壓力下，但在氮氣下，將水和生物質混合， 使得能夠獲得含有多達60重量％的固體之安定漿體，以於 該漿體中提供20至40重量％的碳。雖然條件範圍將在實 施方式中加以說明，但溫度標稱為約200°C，在約150 psi 的非氧化性氣體壓力下，此等條件較先前技藝所需者實質 上較不嚴苛。 【實施方式】 術語“生物質”用於本文中係泛指自農產品、木材及其 94051 200813208 他植物材料及/或植物及彼等的廢棄物所衍生而得之材 料。該生物質係以所欲重量百分比，通常為從3〇至7〇重 量％，同時於170至250°C之溫度範圍，最佳者在約2〇〇。〇 的溫度，且在1 〇〇至400 psi的非氧化性氣體壓力下，最 佳者在約1 50 psi的非氧化性氣體壓力下，與水混合。可 於室溫下將該混合物放置於壓熱器内，然後提升到反應溫Texaco researchers have developed a hydrothermal pretreatment process for municipal sewage sludge that involves heating the slurry to 350 ° C followed by two stages of rapid evaporation, which also requires high energy conditions. Traditionally, heat treatment of wood is a well-known technique used in the logging industry to extract the structural properties of two woods, but is not used to prepare slurries. This heat treatment reduces the hygroscopicity of the building wood and increases its durability. The polymer chain system 10 94051 200813208 is cracked during heat treatment and reduces the available hydroxyl groups, thus causing the interaction of the treated wood with water to be affected by the aqueous liquefaction of the biomass sample compared to the untreated wood. The autoclave is operated at a reaction temperature range of about 277 to 377 ° C and about 725 to 2900 psi to obtain a heavy oil rather than a slurry. An example of this is the liquefaction of spruce wood powder at about 377 ° C. A yield of 49% liquid heavy oil was obtained. Reference A. ^ Demirbas/'Thermo chemical Conversion of Biomass to Liquid Products in the Aqueous Medium", Energy Sources, 27: 1235-1243, 2005. There is therefore a need for a method for concentrating biomass to make a slurry, the method There is no need for harsh and energy consuming conditions as in the prior methods. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a high energy efficiency method for converting biomass into a slurry having a high carbon content and high energy density (energy _ Efficient process). More specifically, it is mixed with water and biomass at a temperature much lower than that used in previous methods, but under nitrogen, it is possible to obtain stability with up to 60% by weight of solids. a slurry to provide 20 to 40% by weight of carbon in the slurry. Although the range of conditions will be described in the embodiments, the temperature is nominally about 200 ° C, under a non-oxidizing gas pressure of about 150 psi. These conditions are substantially less severe than those required by prior art. [Embodiment] The term "biomass" is used herein to refer to a wide range of agricultural products, wood and its 94051 20081. 3208 A material derived from his plant material and / or plants and their waste. The biomass is usually in a percentage by weight, usually from 3 to 7 % by weight, and at 170 to 250 ° C. The temperature range, preferably at a temperature of about 2 Torr, and at a non-oxidizing gas pressure of 1 Torr to 400 psi, preferably at a pressure of about 150 psi of non-oxidizing gas, with water Mixing. The mixture can be placed in an autoclave at room temperature and then raised to the reaction temperature.
度，或可在加壓之前將該容器預熱至所欲溫度。反應溫度 可維持10分鍾至1小時或更長。 ^雖然任何非氧化性氣體都可使用，諸如氬氣、氦氣、 亂氣、氫氣、二氧化碳、或氣態烴類、或其混合物，不過， 因為氮氣具經濟效益，因此較佳者為氮氣。若就可自該方 法内部取得而言，另-錄佳的非氧化性氣㈣為氯氣， 且若其錢體-起運載至加氫氣化反應器，則可為特別有 利者。雖然期望排除氧化性氣體，不過亦可使用商孝級或 較低純度的非氧化性氣體，只要該氣體實質不發 應即可。 干人 下列貫施例將闡明本發明。 f施例1 參照第1圖’顯示出處理前之含5G%生物質的混人 物，該混合物係由松樹顆粒在水中 r 係得“menCanWoodFibers^及且二2松樹鑛屑The container may be preheated to the desired temperature prior to pressurization. The reaction temperature can be maintained for 10 minutes to 1 hour or longer. ^Although any non-oxidizing gas can be used, such as argon, helium, gas, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, or gaseous hydrocarbons, or mixtures thereof, nitrogen is preferred because it is economical. If it is possible to obtain from the inside of the method, the other non-oxidizing gas (4) is chlorine gas, and it may be particularly advantageous if it is carried to the hydrogenation reactor. Although it is desirable to exclude the oxidizing gas, it is also possible to use a non-oxidizing gas of a filial grade or a lower purity as long as the gas does not substantially react. The following examples will illustrate the invention. f Example 1 Referring to Fig. 1' shows a mixture of 5 G% biomass before treatment, which is obtained by pine particles in water r "menCanWoodFibers^ and 2 pine pine chips
Cedar)係得自。鋸屑係使用；：=(Whlte _碎鋪分至<_網目⑽微米。 處理’係設立壓熱器系統。該系统係 94051 12 200813208 EZE-Seal壓力容器設定於3,3〇〇psi* 85〇卞所構成。稱取 木材樣品和去離子水，在將其等放到容器内之前，於大燒 杯中以手充分地混合到水均勻分布為止。針對水分含量調 整木材的添加量。接著將容器連同内容物稱重，抽真空並 以氬氣沖滌三次，最後加壓到1〇〇 士 i psi。在約3〇分鐘内 將溫度提升到操作溫度（210至230。〇且接著保持3〇分 鐘。使用數據收集軟體記錄壓力和内部溫度。在保持％ •分鐘之後，停止加熱且從加熱器將該容器拉出。將容器靜 置冷卻到室溫以收集頂部空間氣體和樣品。在收集前二= 溫度和壓力且隨後稱取容器重量。 八 /結果顯示在第2圖，f 2圖為第i圖的漿體在處理之 後的照片，其係包含5〇 ^量％固體於水令之可果取的裝 體。頂部空間氣體的分析顯示出可忽略的碳，代表來: 體之碳損失為可忽略的。 實施例2 ，採用實施例1的程序，但是容器在放到加敎哭之' 係預熱至>2〇〇。〇壓熱器在15分鐘或更短之時間内:至 230 C且酼後將其保持3〇分鐘。達到目標溫度所需的問 對於所得產物不具有可察覺的物理影響。 曰 實施例3 可進仃貫施例1的方法，但是其中起始混合物為包人 6〇重量百分比的固體之非可泵取的農業廢棄物。結果= 水中包含60重量％的固體之可泵取漿體。 #' 實施例4 94051 13 200813208 可進行實施例1的方法 4〇重量百分比固體的植物。 固體的可泵取漿體。 ’但是其中起始混合物為包含 結果為於水中包含40重量％ w可在用以產生大量發生氣（producer㈣之條件下，將 從本發明方法所得的碳¥材料漿體饋送到加氳氣化反應器 之内可在用以產生合成氣體（synthesis㈣）的條件下，將 每生乳與療汽一起饋送到蒸汽熱解重組器中，如於上面所 •提及的N〇rbeck等人的美國專利申請案第ι〇/5〇3,435號 $所詳細說明者。或者，可在氫氣和蒸汽兩者的存在下同 ¥加熱所得漿體以於單—步驟中進行蒸汽熱解和加氯氣 化’如於上面所提及的N〇rbeck等人美國專利申請案第 1〇/911，348號中詳細說明者。 β、雖I已經詳細說明本發明及其優點，但應了解，在此 可進行各種、艾更、取代及替換而不棒離後附申請專利範圍 2界疋的本發明精神及範脅。再者，本申請案的範脅並不 _意欲受限於本說明書中所敘述的方法及裝置的特定具體 例。由於熟習此項技藝者可輕易理解本發明的揭示内容， 因此，可根據本發明利用現存的或日後發展出的實質上執 行/、本文所4明的對應具體例相同的功能或實質上達到與 本文所說明的對應具體例相同的結果之方法及裝置。因 此，後附的申請專利範圍係意欲將此等方法及此等裝置之 使用包含在其範疇内。 【圖式簡單說明】 為了更完整了解本發明，現在請參照下列伴隨附圖之 94051 14 200813208 說明，其中： 第1圖係5 0重量％的生物質水混合物在以本發明處理 之前的照片，以及 第2圖係第1圖的生物質水混合物在以本發明處理之 後的照片。Cedar) is derived from. Sawdust is used;:=(Whlte_splitting to <_mesh (10) micron. Processing' is to set up the autoclave system. This system is 94051 12 200813208 EZE-Seal pressure vessel is set at 3,3〇〇psi* 85 Weigh the wood. Weigh the wood sample and deionized water, and mix them thoroughly in the large beaker until the water is evenly distributed before placing them in the container. Adjust the amount of wood added for the moisture content. The container was weighed together with the contents, evacuated and flushed three times with argon, and finally pressurized to 1 psi i psi. The temperature was raised to operating temperature (210 to 230) in about 3 minutes. 〇 min. Record the pressure and internal temperature using the data collection software. After maintaining % • minutes, stop heating and pull the container out of the heater. Allow the container to cool to room temperature to collect headspace gas and sample. The first two = temperature and pressure and then weigh the weight of the container. Eight / results are shown in Figure 2, f 2 is the photo of the slurry of the i-th image after treatment, which contains 5 〇 ^ % solid in water Can be taken Analysis of the headspace gas showed negligible carbon, which represents: The carbon loss of the body is negligible. Example 2, using the procedure of Example 1, but the container is placed in the 敎 之 ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 2〇〇. The autoclave is maintained for 15 minutes or less in a period of 15 minutes or less: it is held for 3 minutes after the helium. The required temperature to reach the target temperature has no appreciable physical influence on the product obtained. Example 3 The method of Example 1 can be carried out, but wherein the starting mixture is a non-pumpable agricultural waste containing 6% by weight of solids. Result = Pumpable water containing 60% by weight of solids in water The slurry was taken. #' Example 4 94051 13 200813208 The method of Example 1 can be carried out. 4% by weight solids of the plant. Solid pumpable slurry. 'But where the starting mixture is included and the result is 40 weight in water. % w can be used to produce a synthesis gas (synthesis) after feeding a carbon-material slurry obtained by the method of the present invention into a gasification reactor under conditions for producing a large amount of gas (producer). under Each of the raw milk is fed to the steam pyrolysis recombiner together with the therapeutic steam, as described in detail in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. PCT No. 3-5, No. 435, to N. The resulting slurry can be heated in the presence of both hydrogen and steam to effect steam pyrolysis and chlorination in a single step as described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 1 to N. /911, 348 is described in detail. β, although I have described the invention and its advantages in detail, it should be understood that various types, Ai, replacements and substitutions can be made here without departing from the scope of the patent application. The spirit and scope of the present invention. Furthermore, the scope of the present application is not intended to be limited to the specific embodiments of the methods and apparatus described herein. Since the disclosure of the present invention can be readily understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention may be utilized in accordance with the present invention, or may be utilized in the actual implementation of the present invention. The method and apparatus described herein for the same results as the specific examples. Accordingly, the scope of the appended claims is intended to cover such methods and their use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS For a more complete understanding of the present invention, reference is now made to the following description of 94051 14 200813208 accompanying the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 is a photograph of a 50% by weight biomass water mixture prior to treatment with the present invention, And Figure 2 is a photograph of the biomass water mixture of Figure 1 after treatment with the present invention.
15 9405115 94051