TW200817086A - Method and apparatus for effecting a chemical reaction - Google Patents

Abstract

According to the present invention there is provided a method for effecting a chemical transformation, the method comprising the steps of: providing a catalytic substrate; providing a feed comprising one or more reactants; providing an energy source wherein energy derived therefrom is contactable via a transport medium with the catalytic substrate, thereby to provide a species active against said one or more reactants; and contacting the active species with the feed, thereby to actively effect the chemical transformation. Preferably, the active species are free radicals. The catalytic material is preferably TiO2 and the energy is preferably UV light of wavelength 200-400 nm. The method is suitable for remediating organic contaminants such as 1,4-dioxane and/or N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), and bacteria, organisms, etc. The present invention also provides an apparatus for performing such a method.

Description

。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 Incorporated herein. FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for performing a chemical reaction. More particularly, it relates to a method for treating a secondary discharge or soiled water carrying an organic load. The present invention has been developed primarily as a remediation comprising small organic molecules such as the carcinogen 1,4-dipyridinium and/or endocrine disrupting N-nitrosdimethylamine (NDMA) and/or unsightly compounds (such as A method of releasing undesired odors and/or colors of those and/or pathogens/organisms (such as bacteria, viruses, and protists) 15 loaded wastewater. Although the invention will be described herein and with reference to such applications, it will be appreciated that the invention is not limited to this particular field of use. [Prior Art 3] Any discussion of the prior art throughout this patent specification should be considered as a part of the general knowledge that is well-known in the art. In the last few years, the treatment and remediation of secondary discharges has become increasingly important for re-use purposes. In general, factors such as increased population pressure, urbanization, global warming and accompanying weather patterns, and natural wetland sources 5 200817086 are often available in fresh drinking water per person. Provides severe restrictions. Therefore, gradually increase the treatment of liquid-based discharges and re-materials (4) and unsuitable standards. 0 5 10 15 Over the past two or three decades, significant improvements have been seen in how to treat this secondary discharge. The change of $. In particular, new filters and membrane technologies have been added and even replaced with more traditional discharge treatment. In addition, new sterilization technologies have been developed and applied to complement the improved thin film technology. Existing state of the art of treating secondary discharges into standards suitable for drinking and unsuitable for drinking typically involves first passing a microfiltration or ultrafiltration process, thus removing physical or particulate contaminants such as dirt. This method typically proceeds in the direction of removing certain pathogens from the discharge. First, the microfiltration or ultrafiltration method is typically followed by a conventional reverse osmosis (R〇) film treatment that removes dissolved organic and inorganic molecules. However, 'some new ones have shown that low concentrations of certain small organic molecules (Zhu 1,4-dioxan and NDMA) have the ability to pass the RO treatment method, and Dad is formed as a by-product from chemical disinfection (for example, three _甲烧). These eight sons pose significant health risks because they are each known to be carcinogenic secreting compounds. Finally, there may be a disinfection step or a post-stage treatment step to remove any residual pathogens. This step typically uses chlorine, ozone, or uv ", , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , The free radicals produced by the reaction are highly effective organic oxidants. UV light is in Ti〇2 and more specifically in other photocatalyst materials such as ZnO, CdS and W〇3. The photocatalytic activity has been extensively studied for its potential for use in disinfection, public health and remediation applications. 5 Ti〇2, when irradiated with UV, reacts with water and oxygen to form reactive species such as transbasic and superoxide free. The photocatalytic activity of Ti〇2 causes the thin coating of the material to have its own cleaning and disinfecting properties under exposure to UV radiation. Due to some factors, Ti〇2 is required as a reagent in sewage treatment, 10 including (but not Limited to: this method is carried out under ambient conditions, Ti〇2 will not be consumed or deteriorated, and organic molecular pollutants can be completely oxidized into water and C〇2, photocatalyst is not expensive and has high The cycle, Ti〇2 can be supported or fixed on a suitable reactor substrate, and this method provides significant potential as a technology for industrial detoxification. 15 In order to remove organic contaminants, some treatment plants have installed UV-peroxidation. Or UV-ozone AOP treatment equipment. In such equipment, the peroxide is typically injected into a discharge that has been processed to originate from the initial RO procedure, and then the mixture is passed through high-throughput UV light. Equipment encounters significant problems primarily associated with cost and chemical exposure. If the original secondary discharge does not contain 20 organic loads, the UV light required to sterilize the flow is typically 40 millijoules per square centimeter per second or higher. When the effluent contains an organic load, it is necessary to add a peroxide and then pass the oxidized effluent through UV light having a flux of typically 150-500 mJ/cm 2 /sec. To achieve this UV intensity, a typical 100 Å. The 10,000 liter/day processing equipment will require 200-250 UV lamps, and each 7 200817086 costs approximately 2, 〇〇〇 USD and each needs to be replaced annually. In addition, the power required to operate this UV source is This is quite large. The photocatalyst irradiated by short-wavelength light rays shows a tendency to decompose water into activated oxygen (〇) and hydrogen (H2). Moreover, as a photocatalyst to eliminate or reduce 5 less environmental pollution tools Decomposition of contaminants such as those described above. The total collation of available literature representing the state of the art may include the application of catalysis by A. Danion et al. (although the environment is 52 (2004) 213_223 The paper, entitled "Characteristics and Research of a Single-Fixed Ti〇2 10 Fiber Reactor". In this study, a Ti〇2 coated fiber photoreactor was constructed to develop a multi-fiber reaction. Optimize different parameters before the device. The physicochemical properties of the Ti〇2 film prepared on the optical fiber by the sol-gel method were measured. Estimated by ESEM and AFM, each layer has a thickness of about 3 奈 nanometers and a roughness of 2 nanometers. The refractive index of the Ti〇2 coating was measured by an analog method. Then, the effects of film thickness, coating length and coating volume on the light transmission in the fiber were investigated. It has been found that as the volume of Ti〇2 increases, the intensity of transmitted light decreases exponentially. After that, the dependence of photocatalytic degradation of hydroxysuccinic acid on incident light intensity, Ti〇2 coating thickness and coating volume was investigated and modeled as an example. For 20-meter fiber, the photocatalytic degradation of Ti〇2 volume greater than 200 cubic micrometers can be stabilized, and 0. In the case of 6 mm fibers, it is 100 cubic microns. Finally, a multi-fiber reactor was set up and the degradation rate of its hydroxybutyric acid was compared to that obtained in a single-optical fiber reactor. W. Qiu (Choi) et al. in the application of catalysis B · · Environment 31 (2〇〇1) 8 200817086 -220 (published the name of "disproportionate photocatalyst on the fiber coated with Ή〇2" Oxidation investigation,) concerned with the use of bare quartz fiber as the initial domain reaction of the light-transmissive carrier. It investigated the gas treatment by investigating (4) photocatalytic oxidation in air (: 〇-75〇Ppmv): Continuous streamer anti-wraps use - or four coated fibers to achieve a steady state transition of up to 80% at ambient temperature and pressure. μ Quantitatively analyze the characteristics of the coated fiber and discuss its photocatalyst gas in detail The use in the treatment. The intermediate was detected by the degraded lysine molecule C02. No significant deactivation was observed within 10 hours of operation under the experimental conditions. The linear increase did not show any saturation precursor. The transmitted light intensity of the fiber coated with butadiene 2 decreased exponentially along the fiber, which showed 90% extinction in 30 cm 2 . Function to measure photocatalyst A similar tendency has been shown for the display 15. It has been found that the optimum coating thickness is about 15 microns, which is greater than the photocatalytic efficiency. The presence of water vapor is reduced by the fact that it is adsorbed on the active surface with acetone. Reactivity. Although a measurable conversion of C-S is observed in the absence of 〇2, the 〇2 concentration is increased to a maximum of 15 〇/〇 to effectively increase the conversion. 20 US Patent No. 6,108,476 by Ihnura The invention relates to a photocatalyst fiber and a method for activating the photocatalyst fiber. The photocatalyst fiber comprises at least one optical fiber having a core and an optical input end, and a photocatalyst layer comprising a photocatalyst partially or completely disposed on the core, wherein the light is introduced from the optical input end. The core and the light are repeatedly reflected inside the core, wherein the light gradually leaks out from the core 9 200817086 to the photocatalyst layer and the photocatalyst layer thereof is activated by light irradiation. The method for activating the photocatalytic fiber comprises: (a) providing at least one fiber Each of the strips has a photocatalyst layer (ie, a photocatalyst film containing a photocatalyst), wherein the photocatalyst layer portion Or all disposed on the optical fiber; (b) directing light into the optical fiber; (c) allowing light to be repeatedly reflected in the optical fiber; and (d) allowing light to gradually leak out of the optical fiber to the photocatalyst layer, whereby the photocatalyst layer It is activated by light irradiation. Therefore, US 6,108,476 can efficiently activate the photocatalyst on the optical fiber by directly illuminating the light leaking from the optical fiber. Unfortunately, the invention described in US 6,1,8,476 is not suitable for application. In a large-scale, flow-type industrial process for the treatment of wastewater to a standard suitable for drinking or unsuitable for drinking. U.S. Patent No. 6,238,630 to the U.S. Patent No. 6,238,630, which is incorporated herein by reference. a light guiding member consisting of substantially transparent members, wherein the transparent member has a first surface and/or a second surface, a plurality of diffusing regions alternately disposed on the first surface and/or the second surface, and a plurality of a non-diffusing region; and a photocatalyst member comprising a photocatalyst material configured to be contiguous with or disposed on the transparent member. Further, the photocatalyst reactor comprises a photocatalyst device as described above and one or more light sources that produce light directed to the transparent member. The transparent member can be formed from a transparent panel 20 having a substantially uniform thickness or a substantially variable thickness. The density of the diffusing regions and/or the non-diffusing regions may be variably distributed over the first surface and/or the second surface. This diffusing area may be a rough surface area and/or this non-diffuse area may be a smooth surface area. The invention described in U.S. 6,238,630 is again unsuitable for efficient application in large scale mobile industrial processes. U.S. Patent No. 6,258,736 to the entire disclosure of U.S. Patent No. 6,258,736, the entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire disclosure The outer side) and a source of uv radiation; in this device, the carrier conducts light, and the UV radiation from the uv 5 radiation source is directly input to the inner side of the semiconductor material via the photoconductive carrier. The surface layer of the light-conducting carrier and the semiconductor material on which it is applied may be applied to the surface of a layer of equipment to be sterilized or may even form such a device. Although it can be assumed that the device can withstand large-scale flow type water treatment equipment, the use of semiconductors makes them undesirably complicated and therefore expensive and undesirable. U.S. Patent No. 6,764,655 to the disclosure of U.S. Patent No. 6,764,655, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety the entire disclosure of the entire disclosure of the disclosure of the disclosure of the disclosure of the disclosure of the disclosure of the disclosure of the disclosure of Filter accessories. 15 Fields, and 2, the target liquid to be treated is introduced from the end faces of the filter fittings to pass through the gaps in the photocatalyst fibers in the longitudinal direction, and the light is incident on each of the photocatalyst fibers constituting the filter fitting. However, the invention disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,764,655 uses a single channel flow through which requires a larger cell size or a series of successively arranged cells to provide the desired exposure to the accompanying wastewater. Each of U.S. Patent Nos. 5,875,384 and 6,051,194 to Pei 11 et al. is directed to a photochemical reactor system that uses an optical fiber in the form of an optical fiber to be transmitted to a solid support. Grab the photocatalyst. Light energy is transmitted through the beam to the light exiting each of the fibers and transmitted to the Ti(R) containing particles that have been chemically misaligned to the core of one or more of the quartz fibers. Coating layer containing Ti〇2 minus 11 200817086 The interface surface area of the core of the less stone and the particles containing Ti〇2, and the operation of the incident illumination angle close to % increases the propagation of light along the fiber. For the oxidation of 4-chlorine, Φ=1. 1% maximum quantum efficiency. Fiber efficiency allows the separation of the light source from the photocatalyst. There is no system suitable for large-scale mobile industrial processes that target the treatment of secondary discharges carrying organic matter 5. U.S. Patent No. 6,555, to Tribelski et al., is directed to a method for disinfecting and purifying liquids and gases, comprising: a) passing the liquid or gas through a truncated composite concentration a reactor or a combination of reactors; and b) synchronously transporting and aggregating a plurality of electromagnetic and acoustic energy amounts into a specific predetermined interior space of the composite concentrator reactor, forming in the reactor The high energy density region exceeds a predetermined period of time. The reactor is preferably a composite parabolic concentrator or a composite elliptical concentrator. The electromagnetic energy transported and collected into and into the reactor can be any range of electromagnetic spectra, such as ultraviolet light, red I5 microwaves, and the like, or combinations thereof. The acoustic energy is any suitable frequency. The source of radiation from the electromagnetic laser can be packaged in the reactor or external to the reactor. The invention disclosed by U.S. Patent No. 6,555,011 is quite complex and therefore relatively expensive to establish, operate and maintain. U.S. Patent No. (9) to Hashizume discloses a K treatment method which includes ozone treatment of water containing dangerous substances (such as dioxin (9) kisses or polygasified biphenyls (PCBs)). (Let water with an average diameter of 0. 5 to 3 micron micro-ozone bubble contact), ozone treatment and/or combination of multiple peroxide treatments, uv_treatment, electrolytic treatment and treatment with carbon-containing filter and material. 12 200817086 For the understanding of the water treatment effect that is difficult to use the conventional method (in which ozone or peroxide is simply mixed with the water to be treated), the above ozone treatment or treatment can be used. The combination. Electrolysis and ozone treatment techniques are quite expensive, so the method defined in the bridge jaws is not desirable. A method and apparatus for mineralizing organic contaminants in water or air is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,409,928 to Gonzalez et al. The present invention provides a photochemical oxidation reaction in a two-phase or three-phase interface system formed in a pore of a Ti 2 film in a photocatalytic reactor. In a three-phase 10 system, gaseous (liquid) oxidants, liquid (gas) contaminants, and solid semiconductor photocatalysts are consistent and participate in efficient oxidation reactions. The porous membrane has pores having a region where the meniscus of the liquid differs from the molecular diameter of the water, and the capillary produces a diffusion layer that is a fraction of the number of stages than the most thoroughly known reactor. This photocatalyst reactor is effectively operated at ambient temperature 15 and low pressure. A packed bed photoreactor using particles coated with a photocatalyst is also provided. The operation of the method defined in the Bownare Day will be quite expensive and its maintenance will be labor intensive. U.S. Patent No. 6,932,947 to Leung et al. discloses a liquid purification and disinfection system comprising a housing, an ultraviolet lamp and a photocatalyst 20 oxidation unit. The cover is a closed box with an input port and an output port. The ultraviolet lamp is installed in the cover. The photocatalyst oxidation device is a disinfection core coated with a photocatalyst. The disinfection core is placed around the ultraviolet lamp and fixed to the cover. Above, the photocatalyst therein is titanium dioxide. The working principle of the invention is to use ultraviolet light to illuminate the surface of the coated titanium dioxide to form a photocatalytic oxidation process. As a result, Escherichia c〇li, vibri〇ch〇lerae, and disease-causing organisms can be killed relatively quickly in contact with the surface of the photocatalytic oxidation device and the contaminants in the liquid can be eliminated. By this method, the water or liquid flowing through the sterilizing device is sterilized and purified. U.S. Patent No. 6,285,816 to Anderson et al. is directed to a waveguide comprising a transparent substrate and a metal oxide coating. This substrate can attenuate the total reflection mode to propagate light. The scope of the patent application defines a waveguide 10 tube that transmits a selected wavelength of light in an attenuated total reflection mode, the waveguide comprising: a transparent internal reflective element (ire); and an I/O of the internal reflective element a further surface transition metal oxide coating having an interface parallel to at least one IRE surface, wherein the coating does not scatter light of a selected wavelength and has a refractive index greater than that of the internal reflective element . Japanese Patent Publication No. 10-337579 of Kubota Corporation relates to a method for removing by removing a trace amount of toxic substances such as polyvaporated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs). It allows water to pass through an ultraviolet light reaction tower holding a photocatalyst to accelerate the oxidation reaction of the wastewater. Traces of toxic elements in the wastewater are removed by photocatalyst 20 and UV degradation. In the ultraviolet light and ozone reactor, waste water containing toxic substances is flowed into the reaction tower and flows upward together with the photocatalyst. Ultraviolet light is emitted from the ultraviolet lamp and ozone is supplied from the ozone generator. The treated water near the outlet is allowed to permeate through a web and is directed to the pH adjustment tank with UV and ozone treated water. 14 200817086 Remaining in the photocatalyst of the net and close to the flow input port. During this time, it was contacted with the photocatalyst powder in the reaction column. Degradation to move efficiently. Therefore, this trace amount of toxic substances is removed by the synergy of ultraviolet light and photocatalyst. 5 Titanium Industry (Tit(10)丨聪Kogyo) KK Patent Application No. 2003-144939 relates to a substrate body for photocatalysts, wherein the photocatalyst has high photocatalytic activity and excellent fixing properties to a substrate, and can be applied to Both gas and aqueous solution. This substrate has effective separation/processability for the liquid to be treated, such as sewage, and can be used for practical use. The photo-contacting particles are fixed to the surface of the granulated artificial light weight aggregate which is covered with a glass-based outer casing and an inorganic substance as a bonding agent. Japanese Patent No. 2003-190908 to Mitsubishi Jukogyo KK relates to a treatment method and apparatus for oxidizing and slightly decomposing decomposable substances present in fly ash. This treatment device is intended to be used to oxidize and slightly decompose the decomposable material contained in solid matter such as fly ash discharged from the incinerator. The apparatus includes a mixing tank for mixing a solid matter with water and a slurry; and a decomposition tank for oxidizing and decomposing a substance which is slightly decomposable in the slurry by vigorously stirring the slurry in the presence of a hydroxyl group. The decomposition tank provides a pulverizing device for pulverizing the solid matter; a plurality of catalyst-carrying beads carrying the photocatalyst or the photocatalyst function itself, and which are fluidized by contact with the slurry; and a UV lamp, which is disposed at The UV rays are irradiated into the position where the catalyst carries the beads. The warp group is produced by a combination of a catalyst carrying bead and a UV lamp. 15 200817086 Fujishima's Japanese Patent No. 2001-327961 relates to a kind of water that can effectively treat dioxin in water and to treat organic substances (such as endocrine disrupting chemicals, agricultural chemicals and organic coloring materials). A water treatment device that uses an optical catalyst. A basket in which the mesh sheet carrying the optical contact medium is placed horizontally is installed in the water tank into which the water to be treated flows. The entire basket is connected to the disc of the motor containing the disc by a central reciprocating central drive shaft. The black light illumination inserted into the glass tube causes the optical catalyst to produce a relative increase in the amount of water that is in contact with the optical catalyst per unit time and thus effectively decomposes the organic substance 10 in the water to be treated at a relatively high speed. Okada's Japanese Patent No. 2002-(^429 relates to a water purifier containing dioxin, chlorine compounds, nitric acid compounds, nitrogen oxides and organic compounds contained in drinking water such as tap water. Oxidative decomposition treatment. Bacteria contained in drinking water are eliminated and 15 more pure drinking water can be obtained. It is equipped with a remover for removing dirt and chlorine contained in drinking water and one for changing drinking water. In the water purifier of the electrolyzed water generator of alkaline ionized water, a photocatalyst which is catalyzed by irradiating ultraviolet light on the titanium dioxide is provided between the crucible and the electrolyzed water generator. The drinking water passes through the light. The catalyst and the bacteria contained in the drinking water are destroyed by the generated ozone. The ozone is then decomposed by the electrolyzed water generator. The object of the present invention is to overcome or ameliorate at least one of the disadvantages of the prior art or to provide a useful alternative. A particularly preferred form of the object of the present invention is to provide a chemical conversion in a modular device that is relatively inexpensive to construct, maintain and operate. The object of a particularly preferred form of the invention is to provide a secondary rinse which preferably comprises an organic load, such as 1,4-dioxan and/or N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). A further preferred embodiment of the present invention is to provide a relatively cost effective method of achieving the preferred embodiment of the present invention. And/or a point of view, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention can be embodied in many other forms. In particular, any combination of any of the other described embodiments can be provided to provide any of the various described embodiments. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Summary of the Invention According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for performing chemical conversion 15, the method comprising the steps of: providing a catalyst substrate; providing a feed comprising one or more reactants; Providing a source of energy wherein the energy obtained by the source is contactable with the catalyst substrate via a transport medium, thereby providing a living 20 for the one or more reactants And subjecting the active species to contact with the feed, thereby actively performing the chemical conversion. The chemical conversion is preferably carried out in a modular device. The source of energy is spaced apart or adjacent to the catalyst substrate. Furthermore, the energy source is directly coupled to the dielectric substrate of the device. The transmission medium is preferably a waveguide. The waveguide is preferably a flat tube. The worker conducts the waveguide as the transmission medium and Preferably, the surface coated dielectric substrate is preferably a single material. Further, the waveguide comprises a plurality of materials. The plurality of materials have different refractive indices, thereby relatively increasing the waveguide. Waveguide efficiency, Preferably, the waveguide may comprise a scattering center 10 = member or a combination thereof, thereby making the incident light easily deflected out of contact with the catalyst and into contact with the catalyst. It is preferred to apply the catalyst (4) to the medium substrate. The wheel is substantially perpendicular to the wheel of the catalyst material, and the surface is illuminated parallel to the axis of the catalyst material. In addition, the 'substantial μ ^ σ 1 ^ square wire better includes the supply-and the input D#% 因此2, thus facilitating the flow between the feed. In addition, the method of the present invention includes the provision of an integrated circuit with an input port. This makes the (four) method that the feed is preferably a fluid. This fluid is good for liquid ▲. The fluid is preferably a fluid discharge, right ~, combined with at least a portion of the fluid discharge. Preferably, the liquid, gas and/or vapor are effectively treated. Preferably, it is preferred to dye or handle the liquid, gas and/or vapor containing or in an insoluble state, and the solution contains the one or more reactants in the aqueous phase. good. It is preferred that the polluted or soiled liquid contains - or a plurality of organic contaminants. The one or more organic contaminants comprise organic molecules and organisms more preferably. This organic molecule contains! „Mountain and/or N-dimethylamine (ndma) is still more ubiquitous or cultivating organisms including bacteria, protists and/or viruses. The catalyst substrate is preferably a photocatalyst substrate. The photocatalyst substrate is Preferably, the energy is light. The light comprises one or more wavelengths in the range of about angyang. 10 15 20 The active species is preferably an excited species. The species is preferably free radicals. = The catalyst material provides a rut on the surface of the waveguide or on a plurality of surfaces. The coating is preferably via a solid phase, gas, and the waveguide. Or liquid phase immersion to adhere to:: sink = including annealing, adhesion, extrusion, molding, dip coating, slit coating, lamination or a combination thereof is preferred. Preferably, the waveguide has a noisy surface, and the complex printing or a combination thereof is coated on the waveguide: by -, extrusion molding, punching in a specific example, the waveguide is "engraved, Molding, stamping or group thereof: coating the surface 'the coating thus the complex surface with the same wire, in addition to the complex surface Waveguide;: Waveguide integration is preferred. Different materials of the waveguide are preferably formed. (9) Cheng. Preferably, the complex surface is in accordance with 19 200817086, the complex surface promoting improved fluid dynamics. Preferably, the increased fluid dynamics is a relative increase in flow rate and/or a relative increase in mixing. This complex surface increases the effective surface area of the catalyst substrate. Preferably, the waveguide comprises one or more stacked sheets. More preferably, the five or more stacked sheets are separated by one or more discrete spacer units and/or the complex surface. The one or more stacked sheets are arranged to provide optimum contact time for the feed with the active species. The one or more stacked sheets are arranged to provide a relatively increased surface area per unit volume. 10 The one or more stacked sheets are arranged to provide a buckling flow of the feed between the sheets. In a preferred embodiment, the relatively increased surface area is provided by a plate and frame type configuration. The plate and frame type configuration preferably comprises a plurality of sheets of substantially horizontally stacked sheets. In another preferred embodiment, the relatively increased surface area is provided by a Swiss roll pattern arrangement. In another preferred embodiment, the relatively increased surface area is provided by a blade pattern arrangement. According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a device for performing a chemical conversion, the device comprising: a catalyst substrate; a device for providing a feed comprising one or more reactants; an energy source; a transmission medium, Through which energy from the energy source can be contacted with the 20 200817086 catalyst substrate, thereby providing a species active for the one or more reactants; and a device for contacting the active species with the feed, thereby being active This chemical conversion is performed. 5 The chemical conversion is preferably carried out in a modular device. Preferably, the source of energy is spaced apart or adjacent to the catalyst substrate. In addition, the source of energy is directly coupled to the catalyst substrate. The transmission medium is preferably a waveguide. The waveguide is preferably a planar optical waveguide. 10 The waveguide acts as both a transmission medium and a substrate on which the catalyst material is applied. The waveguide preferably comprises a single material. In addition, the waveguide comprises a plurality of materials. The plurality of materials have different refractive indices, thereby relatively increasing the waveguide efficiency of the waveguide. Preferably, the waveguide may comprise a scattering center, a reflective element, a circumscribing element or a combination thereof such that incident light is readily deflected out of the plane of the waveguide and in contact with the catalyst. Preferably, the catalyst material is applied to one or more surfaces of the catalyst substrate. Preferably, the illumination is substantially perpendicular to the axis of the catalyst material. In addition, it is substantially parallel to the axis of the catalyst material. The apparatus of the present invention preferably further includes supplying an output port that is spaced far from the input port, thereby facilitating flow between the feeds. Moreover, the apparatus of the present invention includes the provision of an output port integrated with the input port, thereby facilitating the method to operate on a batch basis. The feed is preferably a fluid. The fluid is liquid, gas or a combination thereof better than 21 200817086. Preferably, the fluid is a fluid discharge, the method thus effectively rectifying at least a portion of the fluid discharge. Preferably, the (iv) discharge material is (iv) (iv) (iv) liquid, gas and/or vapor. Preferably, the shaft, gas and/or vapor comprise the reactants of the one or more in a solution and/or in an insoluble state. The liquid is better for water. Preferably, the solution comprises the one or more reactants in the aqueous phase. Preferably, the contaminated or soiled liquid comprises one or more organic contaminants. The one or more organic contaminants comprise organic molecules and organisms more preferably. The organic molecule contains 1,4-dipyridinium and/or N-nitrosodimethylamine (ndma) still more preferably. Furthermore, it is preferred that the one or more organisms comprise bacteria, protists and/or the substrate of the catalyst is a photocatalyst substrate. The photocatalyst substrate is preferably Τι〇2. This energy is preferably light. More preferably, the light comprises one or more wavelengths in the range of from about 200 to about 400 nm. The active species is preferably an excited species. The stimulated species are preferably free radicals. Provided on the surface or the plurality of surfaces 20 of the waveguide =: the coating is preferably adhered to the waveguide via solid phase, gas phase and/or liquid phase deposition techniques. Preferably, the deposition technique includes annealing. , adhesion, _, sowing, squeezing, dipping, cloth coating, slit coating, lamination or its electrical integration. = 'The coating can be on a substantially smooth or complex surface. Preferably, the surface is preferably. The complex surface is coated on the waveguide by the engraving, extrusion molding, printing or a combination thereof. The complex surface is formed of the same material and the wave In addition, the hybrid surface is formed separately from the waveguide. The composite is better. The different materials of the waveguide are better. 5 10 15 2〇 Preferably, the overflow is 0-# complex The surface promotes fluid dynamics to improve the fluid dynamics of the 'Hainan. A better combination. More preferably, the complexity,,, ', the speed of the machine, and/or the relative increase in the mixing of the waveguide The effective surface area of the catalyst substrate. - or a plurality of stacked sheets are preferably formed by a double cherished sheet. More preferably, the complex surfaces are spaced apart. The heart-shaped spacer unit and/or the one or more pile-boiled species have an optimal contact arrangement to provide the feed and the active to provide a phase per unit volume = or more Preferably, the stacked sheets are arranged such that the surface area of the ITO is preferred. Providing the feed bends a stack of sheets is arranged to distort the flow of the sheets. The surface area is increased in a particularly practical and practical manner. Preferably, the hunt is provided by the plate-frame type configuration to provide the relatively high-quality horizontal stacking of the (four)^'. The plate-frame type configuration comprises a plurality of real ones in another preferred embodiment for the relative increase in surface area, by Swiss roll In the example of the relative arrangement of the two-body, the aspect of the invention is provided by the blade type arrangement, and the three points of view are provided according to the invention. When the chemical conversion is performed by the method according to the present invention, Provides a chemical conversion of 23 200817086. In summary, the present invention provides a method suitable for treating a reverse osmosis containing organic matter such that the organic material can be removed with relatively high efficiency. The method of the present invention can be scaled into industrial or modular systems for individual or household use. The first part of this method uses photocatalytic methods to generate free radicals in the discharge. It is known that UV light, when interacting with certain materials such as Ti〇2, Zn〇, Cds, and WO3, produces a photoreaction that begins to break down water into free radicals such as hydroxyl groups (· OH). These free radicals are active agents which react with the organic component 10 in the discharge to allow it to begin to decompose into harmless products, most advantageously carbon dioxide and water. However, other inventors have attempted to use the photocatalyst derived from Ti〇2/uv in water treatment, but it has proven difficult to develop a light that is required to initiate the desired photochemistry efficiently to the reaction vessel. system. The main limitations of achieving this 15 goal include: First, because the sewage itself absorbs and scatters UV light, it is preferred that the light itself contact the photocatalyst without first traveling through the sewage. Most of the available literature shows that it is recommended to use the Τι〇2 sol or even Τι〇2 vector system suspended in water away from this convention. However, a specific example of this invention requires this energy to travel through the water. In this particular embodiment, the catalyst substrate is applied to one or more adjuvant surfaces spaced apart from the transfer medium to define a reactor volume comprising one or more reactant species, the incident energy being able to The photocatalytic conversion is performed before the photocatalyst surface contacts, and then the photocatalyst conversion is possible. The surface of one or more of the adjuvants can be substantially reflected such that the energy passing through the catalyst surface is reflected back toward the reactor volume. One person has stated that it is difficult to place Ti〇2 optimally in the photochemical system. Known techniques include placing Ti(R) 2 in a suspension which has a significant negative impact due to the path length 5 of the uv light passing through the solution due to the light absorption and scattering of the suspension itself. Furthermore, it is difficult to manipulate and maintain the suspension in the flow through system. Another alternative is to immobilize any Ti〇2 on a surface susceptible to uv as suggested in accordance with the present invention, whereby uv light does not have to travel through the water to reach Ti〇2. Second, the reactive species produced by photocatalysis induced by Ti〇2 have a limited distance from their generation at the photocatalyst surface to the entry into the water, as these species have a high degree of recombination to form a non-reactive species. . Therefore, there is an optimum water or reactor fluid volume around the photooxidation site to ensure that the chemical oxidation of the organic and/or pathogen species of the discharge is performed. The present invention seeks to optimize the balance of I5 between the photocatalyst surface area and the reactor volume so that the resulting method and apparatus are relatively efficient relative to known systems. The fourth is how to get the UV into the water flow system accurately. For example, if water passes through an optically transparent delivery tube, the water can be irradiated with UV. However, since UV is absorbed by water and also because of the recombination of free radicals, it is suitable for the most county W of the present invention. Any large gauge tube is far from ideal in terms of the ratio of the surface area to the volume of the water flow. It has been apparent from the above discussion that the three key features in the remediation of any such system containing organic exudates are: water, light and photocatalytic materials. The present invention is intended to provide a relatively simple and efficient way of rectifying this secondary discharge to a county that is both drinking and fine. This system achieves maximum efficiency in response to the most illusory tuv money yield, photocatalyst surface area, and ability to make the wastewater and flow rate appropriate. For the purpose, the flow rate of the sewage can vary depending on the organic load concentrate it carries. When each of these elements is optimal (four), the cost of removing this organic molecule from the contaminated R0 discharge is relatively reduced. The basic components of the present invention include an optical transmitter comprising an optical fiber or an optical sheet. These can be made of any optically transparent material and include an optically transparent path (where uv light is preferred) which is most useful. Such optical transmitters 10 are typically made of inorganic glass, quartz or polymeric materials. The core of the /to-photon transmitter requires a higher refractive index material, and the selectivity is surrounded by a lower refractive index material cover. This optical transmitter is well known in the telecommunications, data communication and art lighting industries. Other potentially useful elements include a light scattering function in the optical transmitter to distribute the 11¥ light substantially 15 orthogonally to the incident light path, thus entering the reaction vessel itself. This scattering power can be obtained by containing small particles or physical defects and will be described in detail below. In a preferred embodiment, the optical transmitter is a waveguide that propagates light from the source to the photocatalyst sheet. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the optical 20 transmitter and the waveguide are all integrated. Waveguides advantageously use general fiber optics techniques to ensure that the greatest amount of light propagates to the sheet (e.g., using a lower refractive index surface layer). In other embodiments, the waveguide can facilitate the separation of the source from the photocatalyst sheet in the reactor. The Φ of the present invention comprises a photocatalyst 26 200817086 material placed on the I side of the optical transmitter. For example, Ti 2 (or other photocatalyst materials such as Zn 〇, cds, and W 〇 3) can be coated onto one or more exterior surfaces of the polymeric optical sheet. This coating can be provided to the optical transmission m by a multi-fund method, which is similar to the solvent-based coating technique currently used to place a protective coating on an optical fiber. In addition, the coating can be obtained by bringing cold fibers/flakes into contact with the Ti〇2 powder during the manufacture of the optical fiber or optical sheet. Many other methods of obtaining a functional coating of photocatalytic material on an optical transmitter are contemplated. In a preferred embodiment, a photocatalyst sheet comprising a non-photocatalyst optical substrate and a surface layer having a photocatalyst material (e.g., Ti 2 ) is contacted with a water-reduced body or impurity to be treated or treated. The surface layer is coated/mosquitoed onto the substrate or onto a plurality of exterior surfaces. The substrate is made of a substantially optically transparent material, such as inorganic glass or plastic, thereby allowing light having a wavelength ranging from about nautical to about 400 meters to pass through its entirety. Fiber optics and/or commercial light propagation 15 techniques (e.g., scattering, scoring, particles, different refractive index layers (such as optical covering layers), etc.) are used to allow light to reach substantially all of the outer photocatalyst surface material. In another preferred embodiment, one or more optical transmitters are placed in the E to separate the optical path from the water transport path. Typical examples include fiber 直接 直接 directly resembling hollow fiber membrane H, except for this section, which is a hull fiber. A further important embodiment is a roll-like sheet filter 近似 similar to a thin film 匣, except that the optical sheet is used to replace the film 纟 in a large 4-point film and filter, by using a polymerization system to seal the winding The end of the fiber or the end of the sheet is used to achieve the loading. This Maoyue progression includes a uv light source at the end of the optical wheel n or at multiple ends 27 200817086, which allows light from the source lamp to be distributed to the optical transmitter and thus substantially orthogonal to the Ti〇2 coating Scattering and generating the desired free radicals in water. In a preferred embodiment, the UV source is in the form of a uv light from a lighting device such as a 5-pole, a uv lamp, a LEO, or a group/library thereof. The source of light energy is capable of producing light in a wavelength spectrum of about 200-400 nm, preferably a tight bundle of 350 nm, thus using the maximum amount of light energy. The most desirable wavelength is less than 380 nm, which is consistent with the undoped Ding... photocatalytic maximum effective wavelength of 1 。. This source may be part of or spaced apart from the photocatalyst sheet (in this example, it is contiguous there by the waveguide). The invention may also comprise a reactor A state, preferably having an input port and an output port, for the aqueous gas or liquid feed to be fed into the vessel and then to be withdrawn from the vessel once it passes. In addition, the input port is integrated with the output port, thus facilitating the processing of the U-person (if desired). The interior of the container allows for an excellent configuration of the photocatalyst sheet/fiber to provide the desired contact time for the original feed and the sheet/fiber photocatalyst surface. The container also has a port for letting the waveguide or light energy ', (e.g., 'UV lamp) into the container and is attached to the sheet. This can be configured for the frame displayed in the shot pattern (eg "Swiss roll" configuration used in the reverse osmosis module) or a plurality of blades. 20 _ Simple description now, by way of example Preferred embodiments of the present invention are interspersed only with reference to the accompanying figures and embodiments, wherein: 囵 is a side view of a fiber optic raft according to one embodiment of the present invention. 28 200817086 FIG. 2 is a line in FIG. IK [I taken on a cross-sectional view showing a longitudinally extending fiber that is worn in the crucible; ~ Figure 3 is a relative enlarged view of a single fiber as depicted in Figure 2, which shows the fiber three The preferred components are a relatively high refractive index core, a 5 surface coating and a relatively low refractive index covering; FIG. 4 is a 匣/module suitable for consideration of certain preferred embodiments of the present invention. And a side view of the filter housing; Figure 5 is a front view of a single-plate showing a relatively high refractive core, an optional relatively low refractive index covering and a catalyst 10 coating; <Face Figure 6 is a side view of a "plate frame" according to the present invention, which uses a plurality of stacked optical sheets and shows a meandering or bending along the flow of the feed. Path; and /, Figure 7 is a side view of the winding spiral reverse osmosis, which again fits some of the preferred embodiments of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A preferred form of the split according to the present invention includes a catalyst substrate, which is anatase, rutile, dioxins or a combination thereof. The photocatalyst substrate is preferably Ti02. The apparatus also includes means for providing a feed comprising - or a plurality of reactants. This feed is a fluid, preferably a liquid, a gas or a combination thereof. This fluid is preferably a fluid discharge which is thus effective in remediating at least a portion of the fluid discharge. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the fluid discharge 29 200817086 is a contaminated or soiled liquid, gas and/or vapor. The liquid, gas and/or vapor comprises one or more reactants in solution and/or in an insoluble state. This liquid is the best for water. The equipment providing the feed includes supplying an output 5 that is spaced far from the input port, thereby facilitating the flow between the feeds. Moreover, the apparatus of the present invention includes the provision of an output port integrated with the input port, thereby facilitating the method to operate on a batch basis. The device also includes a source of energy spaced from the catalyst substrate. Further, the source of this energy can be adjacent to the catalyst substrate. This energy source is directly coupled to the catalyst substrate 10 directly. This energy is preferably uv light and comprises one or more wavelengths in the range of about 200-400 nm. The device also includes a transmission medium through which energy from the energy source can be contacted with the catalyst substrate, thereby providing species active for the one or more reactants. In a preferred embodiment, the transmission medium is a waveguide. 15 This waveguide is better for planar optical waveguides. This waveguide acts as both a transport medium and a substrate to which the catalyst material is applied. This waveguide preferably comprises a single material. In addition, the waveguide contains a plurality of materials. The refractive indices of the plurality of materials are preferably different, so that the waveguide efficiency of the waveguide is relatively increased. The waveguide can include a scattering center, a reflective element, a diffractive element, or a combination thereof, thereby facilitating the displacement of incident light out of the planar waveguide and into contact with the photocatalyst. This active species is an excited species and this stimulated species is the best for free radicals. The apparatus also includes a method of contacting the active species with the feed, thereby actively performing the chemical conversion. For this reason, it is preferred to apply the catalyst 30 200817086 material to the axis of the catalyst substrate material. Irradiation. Or multiple surfaces. Substantially perpendicular to the catalyst, the ' can be substantially parallel to the axis of the catalyst material. It is foreseen that ^/ provides one or more surface area techniques in the waveguide to adhere to the waveguide A layer via solid phase, gas phase and/or liquid phase precipitation, molding, two cloth, including annealing, adhesion combination. '贱 plating, slit coating, lamination or its 10 15 20 * coating can be optimal on a substantially melon complex surface. This or complex surface. The waveguide has its combination applied to the waveguide. "Extrusion molding, printing or, in one specific example, waveguide integration. In addition, this complex and different surface materials are used differently than the waveguide = four Formed separately. This complexation enhances the fluid dynamics, such as the phase of the complex surface to promote the relative k鬲 flow rate and / or phase, day and night. This complex table (four) increase the effective substrate of the butterfly substrate ^ This solution contains The one or more reactants in the aqueous phase. The contaminated or soiled liquid contains 'organic organic contaminants. More preferably, 'this L or a variety of organic pains contain organic molecules and organic, this organic The molecule contains the heart of the mountain and / /: (ndma). In addition, this type of ruminant contains a line of compounds: all: release unwanted odors and / or color; and, or pathogen Zhao / organism, such as Bacteria, viruses, and protists. This waveguide management intentionally contains - or multiple stacked sheets. One or more stacks 31 200817086 Each arrangement of stacked sheets is separated by - or a plurality of discrete spacer units and/or complex surfaces This - or a plurality of stacked sheets are arranged Providing the feed with the most desirable contact time for the active species. Ideally, one or more stacked sheets are arranged to provide a relatively increased surface area per unit volume. The arrangement of one or more than five stacked sheets is suitable for providing a feed Flowing between the sheets, in a preferred embodiment, the surface area is relatively increased by the plate and frame type configuration. Preferably, the frame type configuration comprises a plurality of substantially horizontally stacked sheets, And the fluid flow can be used as "upward" or "downward" as desired. In another preferred embodiment, the surface area is relatively increased by a Swiss roll pattern arrangement. In a further preferred embodiment, the blade is plastically arranged to relatively increase the surface area. According to a preferred embodiment, chemical conversion is performed in a modular device as illustrated in Figure 6. 15 This preferred embodiment of the invention provides a chemical reactor (filter) vessel which is capable of allowing small organic compounds (e.g., 'N-nitros dimethylamine...) to be dissolved in an aqueous gas or aqueous liquid feed. ^^) or 1,4-dioxene &quot;mountain&quot; is broken or broken by performing a post-stage oxidation process (A〇p) in a photocatalytic reaction. 20 The reactor vessel is capable of transmitting UV light from a source to one or more sheet configurations. Each of the sheets has a photocatalyst surface that enables photocatalytic portion photocatalysis, which in turn produces AOP to destroy the presence of gas or fluid. Organic matter in the feed (when it passes over the surface of the sheet). In the following description, a preferred embodiment of the hollow fiber optical transmitter 32 200817086 according to the present invention is illustrated in Figures 1 to 3. In this embodiment, the transmission medium is a plurality of optical fibers 1, which are "fitted, in" ☆ optical ^ T 匣 similar to dirty dialysis or microfiltration 匣. , Yin fiber 1 extends vertically downward along 匣2 and by encapsulating the characters at the ends 3 and 4. This sealing compound 5 is provided to be fixed to the ends of the respective sealing jaws 2 such that water cannot pass through the ends thereof. Positive 2 selection also includes screen 6 to support the outermost fiber and maintain the mechanical rigidity of 匣2 for transportation and installation. X, for example 10, is specifically referred to Fig. 2, which depicts an end view of the crucible 2 in which the exposed end of the optical fiber 1 is visible. UV light is transmitted down the fibers through these ends. Referring particularly to Figure 3, which shows a fiber bundle closed in 匣2, this fiber is typically due to its relatively high refractive index core 7 and a relatively low refractive index optical cover 8. Therefore, this fiber will guide the light. Fiber 1 is optional and has an outer coating. In this preferred embodiment, the fiber has a Ti〇2 coating on its outermost surface 9, which is in contact with water or other flowable material carrying the chemical reactant. The optical fiber 1 can be selectively produced from a polymeric material such as polycarbonate or acrylic. If it is desired to increase the oxidation resistance of the polymer, a fluorinated 20 polymer can be used. Polymeric fibers are readily available, relatively low cost, have any of the diameters specified and are not sensitive to water exposure. According to the invention, the increase in the optical fiber 1 is such that the use of scattering to protect the light at the end of the input fiber is relatively more useful and evenly scattered into the cover 8 of the fiber, thereby at the outer surface 9 of the optical fiber 1 with Ti〇 2 Effective after interaction 33 200817086 Converted to free radicals. It should be remembered that the outer surface 9 of this fiber is in contact with the water or discharge feed. This scattering can be achieved by incorporating the scattering particles into the core and/or cover of the fiber or by including physical scores in the cover of the fiber. This technique has been well known in the application of optical fibers for aesthetic "side illumination" purposes and can be modified such that light is relatively uniformly scattered along the length of the fiber, although one end of the fiber is closer to the source. Referring now to Figure 4, It provides a pattern of filter 匣 2 and housing 1 ,, one UV lamp 11 and 12 respectively illuminate the ends 3 and 4 of the fiber i 10 at each end of the 匣 2 . UV light passes and scatters along the fiber On the surface of the fiber, where it interacts with the Ti〇2 surface coating and water to generate free radicals. As illustrated, water flows into and out of the crucible through ports 13 and 14 and follows the meandering or bending between the ports. The path is therefore relatively increased by the contact of water with the surface of the fiber. Along this path, organic molecules in the feed water react with free radicals generated at the surface of the fiber 15 to produce a relatively harmless decomposition product (eg, Carbon dioxide and water). Fiber diameter and density and water flow rate are optimized to reduce the overall cost of treated water. As shown, the end of the can is kept away from the UV lamp. The cover and other construction used in this E It is advantageous to use a film from a political transition, a super-depreciation or a reverse osmosis film. 20 In particular, referring to Figure 5, a preferred form of the optical transmitter 1 is a flat optical transmission 15 as shown. The wheel sheet may be comprised of plastic, I machine glass or other suitable material. The optical transmitter sheet may be constructed of = or multiple layers of optical layers. The optical transmitter sheet selectively includes - a photocatalyst layer on - or a plurality of exterior surfaces 16 ( For example, Ti(6). This photocatalyst and 34 200817086 are applied by any suitable method (e.g., liquid coating, powder coating, lamination, etc.). The basic theory behind the use of the plate is that the incident UV light is transmitted through the end 18 of the plate μ. And releasing through the surface of the sheet, on which UV light and water and photocatalyst act to generate free radicals, thereby decomposing the organic reactants. The flat optical transmitter can be integrated into the remediation system and the filling of the present invention in many ways. The preferred embodiment is provided in Figures 6 and 7. In particular, the arrangement depicted in Figure 6 may be referred to as "plate frame, configuration. In this arrangement, optical transmission equipment will be provided. The flatness w reduced by 丨5 is laminated on the mutual_ends by the spacing of the material 19 across the 10 15 20 , so that the fluid/gas feed is passed through the surface and the fluid/gas is difficult to spread over the surface. In order to produce a mixing effect, in a particularly preferred embodiment, the photocatalyst table %&amp; surface straw is formed by etching, extrusion, or any other known or suitable method. The first catalyst surface may comprise: a hetero surface Allowing to increase the effective surface area while immediately helping the system = body dynamics (ie, flow, mixing). This complex surface can even act as a B-heart, in this example the photocatalyst sheets can be stacked substantially themselves. In use of the invention provided by the present invention In the method, the photocatalyst surface cleans itself. The person then, the entire lamination stack, is sealed in such a way as to seal the edges, thus terminating water leakage from the edges. However, this operation is performed in such a manner that uv u is still injected into the human optical transmitter/waveguide f. - An understanding of the state of water flow is depicted in Figure 6, where it should be appreciated that water is suitably from the population 21 sew 2q to the outlet 22 in a 4^ system and in an excellent manner. As depicted in Figure 7) is a "spiral winding, type configuration that is often used in reverse osmosis 35 200817086 film. In the hollow wheel transfer tube, the outer cover ^ is - both on and under it - empty _Plate 24 (no display). Before inserting into the smith 23, 'wrap the lamination stack into a spiral or spiral, and then glue the spiral in this way to let the light enter the optical transmitter/waveguide. 5. This configuration is directly similar to the "plate frame, type configuration" disclosed above. However, spiral configurations have been found to be relatively inexpensive to manufacture. For the comparative advantages of flat and hollow fiber configurations, the most important consideration is the cost per unit of treated water volume. The overall cost includes initial capital expenditure plus operating and maintenance costs. Equally important is the time and expense required to develop new water treatment technologies that directly take into account the extent to which early unpatented engineering techniques from both photonics and thin film water treatment methods can be incorporated. Fiber optics are now readily available at relatively low cost, yet the flexible flat optical sheet is a delicate special product for aesthetic lighting. However, 15 can use almost any optically clear extruded polymer sheet. Because this application does not require high resolution optics, a simple three-piece polymer laminate can be used. One such embodiment is to laminate a relatively low cost conventional plastic film (such as pet or acrylic) with heat and optional glue. In some cases, sufficient optical errors can be tolerated so that a single polymer film layer is sufficient. Compared to optical fibers, flat panel technology is relatively easy to handle, easier to mold, and even relatively easy to coat Ti〇2. As such, the flat panel technology provides an excellent defined liquid flow path, however the flow path is not optimal when using fibers. Basically, the use of fibers to push the fibers apart by the flow of water produces a better path than 36, 2008, 186,86, which rarely achieves the optimum contact time. In water treatment using microfiltration, hollow fibers are generally preferred over flat sheets. This is because the feed water is usually quite dirty, resulting in soiling and additional backwashing. However, it has been contemplated in the present invention that the feed is relatively clean, so that soiling 5 is less of a problem. Furthermore, the present invention uses a cross-flow system throughout the "filter, no pressure. In reverse osmosis membrane processing, the slab preferably exceeds the hollow fiber system. Those active in the relevant industry have used hollow fiber reverse osmosis in the past. However, the overwhelming trend has been towards the flat plate. This is because it is inherently cheaper and there is no particular need for hollow fibers (in other words, solid-loaded feed water). Therefore, the best embodiment of the invention has been directed to the use of optical flakes. This can be in the form of a hard slab or a rolled sheet in a slab structure (eg "Swiss roll"). The main advantages of this system include the production of peroxides in situ when removing organic species, ensuring relatively more Converting multiple light into free radicals and ensuring that the 15 radicals are used most efficiently to react with small organic molecules (as opposed to recombining with each other) to optimize energy efficiency. A further advantage of the present invention is the use of existing filters and Thin film germanium technology. This results in lower development and unit cost. It also allows the use of single or low UV lamp numbers to illuminate a significant number of active bodies. In addition, it allows 20 to develop a small-area imprinting plant, which is a major factor in cost and adoption of new processing technologies. A further advantage of the present invention is the use of existing crucible designs to aid in construction (catheters, gangs). Pu, valves, control systems, management software and hardware) will be similar and have relatively low cost. This construction has a direct effect on the volume cost curve. The similar construction also reduces the barriers to adoption of this new technology in the market. In summary, the system according to the invention can have significant cost advantages. For the removal rate of the specific demand for small organic molecules in the reverse osmosis discharge, lower capital should be achieved and the operation and relative reduction should be relatively low. In summary, an advantage of the present invention is to create an efficient method to integrate the reaction system with the ability to activate light in a low cost crucible with relatively easy to adjust relative surface area and volume to maximize process efficiency. One foreseeable application of the system of the present invention is for water treatment to remove dissolved organic matter. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that this system can be effective for any fluid reaction system that requires photocatalysis. Furthermore, devices using photocatalysts can be selected; they can be placed in optical transmitters as described On the surface or even in the suspension. The discharge phase may be a liquid or a gas. The light source may be any light 15 wavelength suitable for inducing photocatalysis. Unless the context clearly requires, the name of the description and the scope of the patent application is " The inclusion, <RTI ID=0.0>,,</RTI> and <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be embodied in many other forms. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a side view of a fiber optic raft in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; 38 200817086 2 is a cross-sectional view taken on the line IKQ of Fig. 1 showing the longitudinally extending fiber contained in the crucible; Fig. 3 is as A relatively enlarged view of the single fiber depicted in Figures 1 and 2, showing that the three major components of the fiber are relatively high refractive index cores, 5 Tl 〇 2 surface coatings, and relatively low refractive index overlays. Example; Figure 4 is a schematic side view of a crucible/module and filter housing suitable for consideration of certain preferred embodiments of the present invention; Figure 5 is a front elevational view of a single plate showing relatively high refraction a ratio of the optical core, the optional relatively low refractive index cover, and the surface 10 coating of the catalytic material; Figure 6 is a schematic side elevational view of a "plate frame" embodiment in accordance with the present invention using a plurality of stacked optics The flakes and the meandering or tortuous path along which the feed flows are shown; and Figure 7 is a side view of the wound spiral reverse osmosis crucible, again suitable for some preferred embodiments of the invention. [Description of main component symbols] ι·.Fiber 9_··External surface 2···匣10···Outer cover 3···End 11 · · ·υν Lamp 4···End 12···υγ Lamp 5· ··Packaging compound 13··· Port 6···Screen 14··· Port 7···Core 15···Slab optical transmitter 8·.·Optical cover 16···External surface 39 200817086 17.. Photocatalyst layer 18...end 19....interval|§material 20.. module 21···input port 22...output port 23...cover 24...plate 40

Claims (1)

817086, the scope of patent application: The method includes the following steps: - a method for performing chemical conversion, providing a catalyst substrate; 1 feed-containing or multi-reactant feed; providing a source of ,$, wherein the medium is contacted with the catalyst substrate, thereby formulating the active species; and/or the reactants 10 15 transfer 2 miscellaneous __ Jane contact, due to the implementation of the chemical 2, such as the method of the scope of the patent application, the chemical conversion. • The method of claim 1, wherein the source of energy is spaced apart or adjacent to the catalyst substrate. 4. If the method of claim No. 2 or 2 is applied, the catalyst substrate is directly combined. 5. The scope of the aforementioned patent application is referred to as a waveguide. The method of any of the items, wherein the transmission medium is as described in the method of claim No. Wherein the energy source and the waveguide are planar light 20 in the modular device; and the method of applying the special or six items, the towel inspection catheter acts as a 5 hai transmission medium and its surface coating _ riding material Both substrates. = Please specialize in any of the 5th to 7th slaves, where the waveguide contains a single material. 9. The method of any of the items of the application, wherein the wave 41 200817086 conduit comprises a plurality of materials. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the plurality of materials have different refractive indices, thereby relatively changing the waveguide efficiency of the waveguide. 11. The method of any one of clauses 6 to 10, wherein the 5-wave conduit can comprise a scattering center, a reflective element, a diffractive element, or a combination thereof, thereby allowing incident light to be easily deflected out of the waveguide Plane and in contact with the catalyst substrate. 12. The method of any one of clauses 7 to 11, wherein the catalyst material is applied to one or more surfaces of the catalyst substrate. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein the axis of the catalytic material is substantially perpendicular to the illumination. 14. The method of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the axis of the catalytic material is substantially parallel. 15. The method of any of the preceding claims, further comprising supplying a 15 an input port that is far apart from the output port, thereby facilitating flow between the feeds, the method thus being at the input and the output port Execution. 16. The method of any of the preceding claims, further comprising supplying an input port integrated with the output port, thereby facilitating the method to operate on a batch basis. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein the feed is a fluid. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the fluid is a liquid, a gas, or a combination thereof. 19. The method of claim 17 or 18, wherein the fluid is fluid 42 200817086, the method thereby effectively remediating at least a portion of the fluid discharge. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the fluid discharge is a contaminated or soiled liquid, gas and/or vapor. The method of claim 20, wherein the liquid, gas and/or vapor comprises the one or more reactants in solution and/or in an insoluble state. 22. The method of claim 20, wherein the liquid is water. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the solution comprises the one or more reactants in the aqueous phase. 24. The method of any one of claims 20 to 23, wherein the contaminated or soiled liquid comprises one or more organic contaminants. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the one or more organic contaminants comprise organic molecules and/or organisms. The method of claim 25, wherein the one or more organisms comprise bacteria, protists, and/or viruses. 27. The method of claim 25, wherein the organic molecule comprises 1,4-dioxahydrazide and/or N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein the catalyst substrate 20 is a photocatalyst substrate. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the photocatalyst substrate is selected from the group consisting of Ti02, ZnO, CdS, and W03. 30. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein the energy is light. The method of claim 30, wherein the light comprises one or more wavelengths in the range of about 200-400 nm. 32. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein the active species is an excited species. The method of claim 32, wherein the excited species is a free radical. The method of any one of clauses 7 to 33, wherein the catalyst material is provided on one or more surfaces of the waveguide in a coating. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the coating is adhered to the waveguide via solid phase, 10 gas phase and/or liquid phase deposition techniques. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the deposition technique comprises annealing, adhering, etching, extruding, molding, dip coating, sputter coating, slit coating, lamination, or a combination thereof. The method of any one of claims 34 to 36, wherein the 15 coating is on a substantially smooth or complex surface. The method of any one of clauses 6 to 37, wherein the waveguide has a complex surface. 39. The method of claim 34, wherein the complex surface is applied to the waveguide by etching, extrusion molding, printing, or a combination thereof. The method of any one of claims 37 to 39, wherein the complex surface is formed of the same material and integrated with the waveguide. The method of any one of claims 37 to 39, wherein the complex surface is formed separately from the waveguide. The method of any one of claims 37 to 39, wherein the 44 200817086 complex surface is formed of a different material than the waveguide. The method of any one of claims 37 to 42, wherein the complex surface promotes improved fluid dynamics. 44. The method of claim 43, wherein the increased fluid dynamics is a relatively optimal flow rate and/or a relatively optimal mixture. The method of any one of claims 37 to 44, wherein the complex surface increases the effective surface area of the catalyst substrate. The method of any one of clauses 6 to 45, wherein the waveguide comprises one or more stacked sheets. The method of claim 46, wherein the one or more stacked sheets are separated by one or more discrete spacer units and/or the complex surface. 48. The method of claim 46, wherein the one or more stacked sheets are arranged to provide an optimum 15 contact time for the feed with the active species. The method of any one of clauses 46 to 48, wherein the one or more stacked sheets are arranged to provide a relatively increased surface area per unit volume. The method of any one of clauses 46 to 49, wherein the one or more stacked sheets are arranged to provide that the feed flows in a meandering manner between the sheets. 51. The method of claim 49, wherein the relatively increased surface area is provided by a plate and frame type configuration. 52. The method of claim 51, wherein the plate and frame type configuration package 45 200817086 comprises a plurality of substantially horizontally stacked sheets. 53. The method of claim 49, wherein the relatively increased surface area is provided by a Swiss roll arrangement. 54. The method of claim 49, wherein the relatively increased surface area is provided by a blade pattern 5 arrangement. 55. A device for performing a chemical conversion, the device comprising: a catalyst substrate; a device for providing a feed comprising one or more reactants; an energy source; 10 a transmission medium through which the The energy source can be in contact with the catalyst substrate, thereby providing a species active for the one or more reactants; and a device for contacting the active species with the feed, thereby actively performing the chemical conversion . The apparatus of claim 55, wherein the chemical conversion is performed in the modular device. 57. The device of claim 55 or 56, wherein the source of energy is spaced apart or adjacent to the catalyst substrate. 58. The device of any one of claims 55 to 57, wherein the source of 20 energy is directly coupled to the catalyst substrate. The device of any one of claims 55 to 58, wherein the transmission medium is a waveguide. 60. The device of claim 59, wherein the waveguide is a planar optical waveguide. 61. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein the waveguide acts as both the transmission medium and a substrate to which the catalyst material is applied. 62. The device of claim 59, wherein the waveguide comprises a single material. The device of claim 59, wherein the waveguide comprises a plurality of materials. 64. The device of claim 63, wherein the plurality of materials have different refractive indices, thereby relatively increasing the waveguide efficiency of the waveguide. 65. The device of any one of clauses 59 to 64, wherein the 10 waveguide can comprise a scattering center, a reflective element, a diffractive element, or a combination thereof, thereby allowing incident light to be easily deflected out of the waveguide Plane and contact with the catalyst. The device of any one of claims 60 to 65, wherein the catalyst material is applied to one or more surfaces of the catalyst substrate. The apparatus of any one of claims 55 to 66, wherein the axis of the catalytic material is substantially perpendicular to the illumination. The device of any one of claims 55 to 66, wherein the device is substantially parallel to the axis of the catalytic material. 69. The apparatus of any one of claims 55 to 68, further comprising 20 supplying an output that is remote from the input port, thereby facilitating flow between the feeds. 70. The apparatus of any one of claims 55 to 68, further comprising supplying an output integrated with the input port, thereby facilitating the method to operate on a batch basis. The apparatus of any one of claims 55 to 70, wherein the feed is a fluid. 72. The device of claim 71, wherein the fluid is a liquid, a gas, or a combination thereof. The device of claim 70, wherein the fluid is a fluid discharge, the method thereby effectively remediating at least a portion of the fluid discharge. 74. The device of claim 73, wherein the fluid discharge is a contaminated or soiled liquid, gas and/or vapor. The apparatus of claim 74, wherein the liquid, gas, and/or vapor comprises the one or more reactants in solution and/or in an insoluble state. 76. The device of claim 74, wherein the liquid is water. 77. The device of claim 75 or 76, wherein the solution comprises the one or more reactants in the aqueous phase. The device of any one of claims 74 to 77, wherein the contaminated or soiled liquid comprises one or more organic contaminants. 79. The device of claim 78, wherein the one or more organic contaminants comprise an organic molecule and an organism. The device of claim 79, wherein the one or more organisms comprise bacteria, protists, and/or viruses. 81. The device of claim 80, wherein the organic molecule comprises 1,4-diguanain and/or N-nitrosodidecylamine (NDMA). The device of any one of claims 55 to 81, wherein the 48 200817086 catalyst substrate is a photocatalyst substrate. 83. The device of claim 82, wherein the photocatalyst substrate is Ti02. 84. The device of any one of claims 55 to 83, wherein the 5 energy is light. 85. The device of claim 84, wherein the light comprises one or more wavelengths in the range of about 200-400 nm. The device of any one of claims 55 to 85, wherein the active species is an excited species. 10 87. The device of claim 86, wherein the stimulated species is a free radical. The device of any one of claims 61 to 87, wherein the catalyst material is provided on one or more surfaces of the waveguide in a coating. 89. The device of claim 88, wherein the coating is adhered to the waveguide via solid phase, 15 gas phase and/or liquid phase deposition techniques. 90. The device of claim 89, wherein the deposition technique comprises annealing, adhering, engraving, extrusion, molding, dip coating, sputtering: plating, slit coating, layering, or a combination thereof. . 91. The device of any one of claims 88 to 90, wherein the 20 coating is on a substantially smooth or complex surface. The device of any one of claims 59 to 91, wherein the waveguide has a complex surface. 93. The device of claim 92, wherein the complex surface is applied to the waveguide by etching, extrusion molding, stamping, or a combination thereof. 49. The device of claim 92, wherein the complex surface is formed of the same material and integrated with the waveguide. The device of any one of claims 92 to 94, wherein the complex surface is formed separately from the waveguide. The apparatus of any one of clauses 92 to 94, wherein the complex surface is formed of a material different from the waveguide. 97. The device of any one of claims 92 to 96, wherein the complex surface promotes increased fluid dynamics. 98. The device of claim 97, wherein the increased fluid dynamics 10 is a relatively increased flow rate and/or a relatively increased mixing. 99. The device of any one of clauses 92 to 98, wherein the complex surface increases the effective surface area of the catalyst substrate. The device of any one of claims 59 to 99, wherein the waveguide comprises one or more stacked sheets. The device of claim 100, wherein the one or more stacked sheets are separated by one or more discrete spacer units and/or the complex surface. 102. The device of claim 100, wherein the one or more stacked sheets are arranged to provide an optimum contact time of the feed with the active species. The device of any one of claims 100 to 102, wherein the one or more stacked sheets are arranged to provide a relatively increased surface area per unit volume. 104. A device as claimed in any one of claims 100 to 103, wherein 50 200817086 two sheets are arranged to provide a flow of the feed between the sheets. For example, a device that is applied for a patented range of just or just items, the configuration of which provides this relatively increased surface area. Anti-u 10 15 20 fox == device of the scope of the first aspect of the patent, wherein the plate and frame type configuration ... a plurality of substantially horizontally stacked sheets. </ RTI> </ RTI> </ RTI> </ RTI> </ RTI> </ RTI> </ RTI> </ RTI> </ RTI> </ RTI> </ RTI> </ RTI> </ RTI> The apparatus of the patent application of claim 1G3_, wherein the relatively increased surface area is provided by a blade type arrangement. 109. A product of a chemical conversion which is selected when the chemical conversion is carried out by a method as defined in any one of the claims 扪 to 54. A method for performing a chemical transformation substantially as described herein' with reference to any one of the specific examples set forth in the accompanying drawings and/or embodiments. m, used to perform a plant substantially as described herein for chemical conversion, with reference to any one of the specific examples set forth in the accompanying figures and/or examples of the invention. The production of 112' chemical conversions is obtained by performing such chemical conversion as substantially as any of the specific examples exemplified in the accompanying figures and/or embodiments with reference to the method described herein and with reference to the present invention. . 51