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TW200816731A - Bit mapping scheme for an LDPC coded 32APSK system - Google Patents

Bit mapping scheme for an LDPC coded 32APSK system Download PDF

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Publication number
TW200816731A
TW200816731A TW096107913A TW96107913A TW200816731A TW 200816731 A TW200816731 A TW 200816731A TW 096107913 A TW096107913 A TW 096107913A TW 96107913 A TW96107913 A TW 96107913A TW 200816731 A TW200816731 A TW 200816731A
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sin
cos
radius
32apsk
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TW096107913A
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TWI334295B (en
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Juntan Zhang
Jilong Li
Fengwen Sun
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Availink Inc
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03MCODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M13/00Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
    • H03M13/03Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words
    • H03M13/05Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits
    • H03M13/11Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits using multiple parity bits
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03MCODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M13/00Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
    • H03M13/25Error detection or forward error correction by signal space coding, i.e. adding redundancy in the signal constellation, e.g. Trellis Coded Modulation [TCM]
    • H03M13/255Error detection or forward error correction by signal space coding, i.e. adding redundancy in the signal constellation, e.g. Trellis Coded Modulation [TCM] with Low Density Parity Check [LDPC] codes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/32Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
    • H04L27/34Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/32Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
    • H04L27/34Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
    • H04L27/3405Modifications of the signal space to increase the efficiency of transmission, e.g. reduction of the bit error rate, bandwidth, or average power
    • H04L27/3411Modifications of the signal space to increase the efficiency of transmission, e.g. reduction of the bit error rate, bandwidth, or average power reducing the peak to average power ratio or the mean power of the constellation; Arrangements for increasing the shape gain of a signal set
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03MCODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M13/00Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
    • H03M13/03Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words
    • H03M13/05Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits
    • H03M13/11Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits using multiple parity bits
    • H03M13/1102Codes on graphs and decoding on graphs, e.g. low-density parity check [LDPC] codes
    • H03M13/1148Structural properties of the code parity-check or generator matrix
    • H03M13/116Quasi-cyclic LDPC [QC-LDPC] codes, i.e. the parity-check matrix being composed of permutation or circulant sub-matrices
    • H03M13/1165QC-LDPC codes as defined for the digital video broadcasting [DVB] specifications, e.g. DVB-Satellite [DVB-S2]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Probability & Statistics with Applications (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Error Detection And Correction (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Digital Transmission Methods That Use Modulated Carrier Waves (AREA)

Description

200816731 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 — 本發明涉及數位通信,且具體地涉及用於LDPC編碼的 32APSK系統的位元映射方法。 【先前技術】
通信系統使用前向差錯控制(Forward Error Control, FEC )編 碼以保證資料經雜訊通信通道的可靠傳輸。基於香農(Shannon) 的理論,這些通信通道在確定的信號雜訊比(Signal to Noise Ratio, SNR)下具有以位元每符碼(symbol)表示的確定的容量,這被 定義為香農限(Shannon limit)。通信和編碼理論中研究領域之一 涉及以合理的複雜度設計提供逼近香農限性能的編碼方法。已經 表明,使用置信傳播(BeliefPropagation,BP)解碼的低密度奇偶 校驗碼(Low Density Parity Check Code,LDPC)具有可控的編碼和 解碼複雜度,並能提供接近香農限的性能。 在最近Yan Li和William Ryan所著,發表於ieee
Communications Letters,ν〇ΐ· 9,no· 1,January 2005 的 “Bit-Reliability Mapping in LDPC-Codes Modulation systems” (LDPC碼調變系統中的位元可靠性映射)的論文中,作者研究 了具有8PSK的LDPC編碼的調變系統的性能。通過作者提出 位元可靠性映射策略,實現了超過非交錯方案(non_interleavin scheme)大約0.15 dB的性能改進。而且作者還表明,格雷映 比其他映射方法,比如自然映射,更加適於高階調變。 、 【發明内容】 法。元映射方 (LD^C ) 5 200816731
32APSK 為提出用於LDPC編碼的32APSK系統的位元映射方法。所 數似然比的值對該數位信號的位元排序。 情 根據本發明的多種實施例,FEC碼是規則LDPC碼。 根據本發明的多種實施例,FEC碼是非規則L〇pc瑪。 根據本發_多種實_,FEC碼是規則重複累積碼。 根據本發日㈣乡種實補,FEC碼是非酬重複累積碼。 【實施方式】 示例元種實施例的使用lDPC碼的 u他碼同樣 碼糸統中實現該方法。 乃卜應”亥理%,可以在非編 lkmc 碼由(XT π、— i、 再没K的(N,κ)二進位LDPr 元素元歹=奇偶=矩陣H定義。矩陣η的大多數 行表示校驗和,而每列1示變mH ^稀n。矩陣η的每 所描述的LDpc碼是 ’位兀或符碼。Gallager 的行重和列重。見勺也就疋,可偶校驗矩陣Η具有恒定 200816731 規則LDPC碼能夠擴展形成非規則LDPC碼,其中行重和列 重是變化的。非規則LDPC碼由分別定義變數和校驗節點度分佈 的度分佈多項式(degree distribution polynomial) v(x)和 c(x)指定。 更加具體地說,非規則LDPC碼可以定義如下: 和 v(x)
Μ
c(x)
其中變數<max和尤max分別是最大變數節點度和校驗節點 度,且Ά)表示從度j的變數(校驗)節點發出的邊(edge)的 分數(fraction)。雖然非規則LDPC碼在表示和/或實現上比規則 LDPC碼更加複雜,但是理論上和經驗上都表明,且有適舍 的度分佈的非規則LDPC碼優於規則LDPC碼。圖/丨' 編 蕭d)長度六的示例性非規則LDpc%奇^ i以:二T驗節點?的另-— 镜于。= 的。通常,假定一對節點由最多一:邊以為匕們疋峨相鄰 圖2說明了如圖!所示的非規則LDpc碼的二分圖表示。 奇偶 呔成里k、成何LDPC和投影幾何LDPC碼),多 200816731 數邏輯解碼需要最小的複雜 — 迭代解碼方法因為它們更好^^^目^錯的差錯性能,但是 到了更多的關注。不同於多 =,,de〇ffs)而得 的約束條件,通過對所接收松I解馬込代解碼基於定義碼型 靠性。在第一次迭代中,的回溯處理來提高每個符碼的可 並對每個符碼產生可#性^解碼11僅使料道輸出作為輪入, 性度量結:用作;亡3 : $ C 束時對解碼符碼輸出的可靠 結束’之後基於來自最後一 迭代滿足停止條件時 ί;以,:丄=混^為二=ί=:Γϊί°ϊ: 傳;‘y异法分別是迭代位元翻轉(bit-flipping,BF),置# ΐΐ P =加權位元_ (weightedbi罐p_g,聊)解碼^ 明當相應的Ta贿圖是非迴圈時,Bp演算法能夠 K現取大似然解碼,因而其成為最流行的解碼方法。 LDPC碼的BP是一種資訊傳遞解碼(message pass_ Recoding)。沿著圖的邊發送的資訊是和對應於編碼字位元的變數 二點相關聯的對數似然比(log_likelihood ratio, LLR) l〇gl。在 ^個運,式中,Λ和A分別表示相關位元值是0或1的機晕。bp ,碼通常包括兩個步驟,水平步驟和垂直步驟。在水平步驟中, 每個校驗節點〜將基於除了來自位元〜外所有進入校驗、的“位 元到板驗” (bit-to-check )資訊計算而得的“校驗到位元,, (che^k-to-bit)資訊,發送到相鄰節點匕。在垂直步驟中,每個 ^元節點\將基於除了來自校驗節點〜外所有進入位元\的“校 巧到位元”資訊計算而得的“位元到校驗,,資訊,發送到相鄰的 校驗節點k。重複這兩個步驟直到找到可用的編碼字或達到最大 的迭代次數。 ,因為其利用BP解碼的顯著性能,非規則LDPC碼對於很多 應用是最好的選擇之一。對於多種通信和存儲標準,比如 200816731 DVB-S2/DAB,有線線路 ADSL ’ ΙΕΕΕ802·11η 和 IEEE802.16 等, 已經採用或正在考慮採用多種非規則LDPC碼。 、 LDPC碼的門檻值(threshold)被定義為最小snR值,在該 值下當編碼字長度趨於無窮時,能夠使值元差錯機率任咅、小。 LDPC碼門檻值的數值能夠由被稱為密度演化的分析工具確u定。 力密度演化的概念也能夠回溯到Gallager的結果。為確定BF =的性能,Gallager推導了作為在迭代開始時的輸人位元錯誤 :(It Error Rate,BER)的函數,每次迭代的輸出BER的計曾 ^ 一,,可迭代地計异出在給定迭代次數處的BER。對於連續 計算更加複雜。需要逐次計算出在位元和校 f的置信信息的機㈣度函數(Pdf),再基於這此 母们出向置仏息(outgoing belief message)是入向 自 出rim==messages)的函數。對於度⑽校驗節點 出白貝成r犯夠由4-1個入向資訊的函數表示, 心饮,2,“”d 2中h表示從BP解碼讀定的校驗節點處理函婁丈。類彻Μ 的位元節點,每個出向資·能夠由“二^ 遑置“貧訊心的函數表示, ,u卩貝汛和通 資訊的pdf,但,可以營於入向Ϊ訊的Pdf導出出向 此,密度演化處理看起二向貧訊的可能形式。因 資訊傳遞演算法和很難。ί運的是,已經證明,對於給定 BER獨立糾_ ° —些對稱條件,那麼解喝 列叫的解碼BER和匕5^的2,假定,全零發送序 不任思Ik機廷擇的序列的相同,因此能夠顯著 200816731 簡化>密气演化的推導。高效密度演化所需的對稱 ϊ f稱和位元節點對稱。密度演化的另—假定是如撕 圖疋非迴圈(cyclic free)的。 …ϊϊΐΐ,,到位元和校驗節點的人向資訊是獨立的,且 訊的pdf的推導。胁具有實際作用的 m ΐ J r ϊ . ^ ^ Τ&ηη6Γ ® ^° ^ LDPC ^ Tanner 圖中、圈(或圍長(gmh乃的最小長度等於4χ1時,那麼 標準BP解碼時的第1個解碼迭代之後獨立假定不成立。但是, f 所!此化可以預測—組LDpc碼的漸近性能,且 所明漸近特性需就碼長度的意義而言。
Trw®^fi據本發明的多種實施例,採用具有32APSK調變的 信糸統的示例圖。通信系統包括發射器501,發射哭 用於ΐ/ίιΐΐ形經通信通道5G2到接收器5G3。發射器5G1 “ 3ίί 組可能的資訊的資訊源。這些資訊均對應於-
ϋ通ί 502 ΐίΐϋ 502並被雜訊破壞。採用LDPC碼以減 /由、逞502引入的干擾,且採用32ApsK
編碼的位元轉換為信號波形。 U扣將LDPC 田T,p„f 了圖5的通信系統中的示例性發射器,該發射哭採 ffSK ^ ^ ° LDPC ^ ^ 602^^1 ftfL^ 6〇j 石弓字L映射* ΐ τί LDPC編碼字。從每個資訊塊到每個LDPC編 甶又錯的/调、交裔603基於32APSK位元映射方法 2:5:=信號波形。這些信號波形被發送到嫩 亚得播到如圖7所示的接收器。 ^ 和32^Ρ^ί3 5 ΓΪ示例性接收器,該接收器採用LDP4 2 器7G2°由解調器解調並由解交錯器解交錯ii 70/,並^對碼接收到的消息的LDPC解碼器 荆㈣&达的編碼予的估計。解調器/解交錯器撤採用 200816731 的32APSK解調規則應該和交錯器/調變器6〇3採用的32APSK:調 變規則匹配。 … 根據本發明的多種實施例,如圖3所示,32APSK位元到符 碼映射電路每次操作可以使用五個位元(b5i, b5i+l, b5i+2, b5i+3, b5l=4),並將它們映射到I值和Q值,其中卜0, 1,2,…·。位元映 射邏輯如圖4所示。根據本發明多種實施例的位元映射定義如下: 11 200816731 (R2 cos(^/4),i?2 sin(^/4)), (b5l, b5l+l ? b5l+2 9 b5i+3 ? έ5ί+4) = (0909090?0) (R2 cos(^/12)9i?2 sin(^r/12))9 (Z?5/9b5l+l?έ5/+2?b5l+3?05/+4) = (0,0,0,0,1) (R3 cos(^ / 8), i?3 sin(^· / 8)), (足,〇), (i?2 sin(^/12),i?2 cos(^·/12)), (A cos(;r / 4),sin(;r / 4)), (i?3 sin(^/8)9i?3 cos(^·/8)), (i?3 cos(;r / 4),i?3 sin(;r / 4)), (i?2 cos(;r / 4),-i?2 sin(;r / 4)), (T?2 cos(;r/12),—i?2 sin(;r/12)), (i?3 cos(;r / 4),-i?3 sin(;r / 4)), (i?3 cos(^ / 8)?~i?3 sin(^r / 8)), (i?2 sin(^/12)-i?2 cos(^/12)), (i?! cos(;r / 4),一sin(;z7 4)), (0,-T?3), (i?3 sin(;r / 8),一i?3 cos(;r / 8)), (-T?2 cos(^· / 4), i?2 sin(^ / 4)), (-i?2 cos(^ /12), i?2 sin(^ /12)), (-T?3 cos(7r / 4), i?3 sin(^· / 4)), (-i?3 cos(^/8)5i?3 sin(^*/8)), (—i?2 sin〇r/12),7?2 cos(;r/12)), (-i?! cos(^ / 4), sin(^· / 4)), (〇,&), (一i?3 sin(;r / 8),cos(;r / 8)), (—i?2 cos(;r/4),—sin(;r/4)), (-i?2 cos(^/12)?-i?2 sin(^·/12)), (-i?3 cos(;r/8),一i?3 sin(;r/8)), (-&,〇), (一足 sin〇/12),-i?2 cos(;t/12)), (—cosO^M),-% sin(;r/4)), (-i?3 sin(^/8),-i?3 cos(^·/8)), (—T?3 cos(;r/4),—sin(;r/4)), m,QQ))= (Ps丨,b5j+l,b5l+2,b5l+3,b5l+4 ) = (0,0) (&5 丨,b5i+l,b5i+2,b5l+3,b5i+4 ) = (0,0A1,1) (p5i,b5i+l,b5l+2,b5i+3, U = (0,0,1,0,0) 5丨,b 5l+l,b 51+2,b 5i+3,b 5l+4 ) = (0,0,1,0,1) (办5,,办5,+l,办5/+2,办5/+3,办5/+4 )=(0,0,1,1,0) (〜,办5,+1,厶5/:+2,办5〖+3, 〜+4) = (0,0,1,1,1) (b5i,b5j+1,b5l+2,b5i+3,b5i+4 )=(0,1,0,0,0) (b5i,b5l+\,b5i+2,b5i+3,b5l+4 )=(0,1,0,0,1) (b5i,b5i+”b5l+2,b5j+3,b5t+4 )=(0,1,0,1,0) (^5/ 5 ^5/+15 ^5/+2 ? ^5/+3 5 ^5/+4 ) ~ (〇4?〇?1?1) (^5/ 5 ^5/+1 ? ^5/+2 ? ^5/+3 5 ^5/+4 ) = _,0,0) (^5/ ? ^5/+15 ^5/+2 ? ^5/+3 5 ^5/+4 ) = (〇4?1?〇?1) (p5i,b5j+',b5l+2,b5l+3,b5i+4 )=(0,1,1,1,0) (by,b5l+l,b5l+2,b5l+3,b5i+4 ) = (〇,l,l,l,l) (办5,,办5/+1,心+2,办5z+3,厶5/+4 )=(1,0,0,0,0) (b5j,b5i+',b5l+2,b5i+3,b5l+4 )=(1,0,0,0,1) (^丨,b5j+',b5l+2,b5i+3,b5i+4 )=(1,0,0,1,0) (〜,〜+1,办5z+2,办5z+3,办5/+4 )=(1解,1) (b 5丨,b 5l+” b 5j+2,b 5l+3,b 5l+4 ) = (1,0,1,0,0) (办5/,办5,+1,办5,+2,〜+3,办5/+4 ) = (l,〇,l,〇,l) Φ”,b5j+l,b5i+2,b5i+3,b5i+4 ) = (1,0,U0) (^5/ ? ^5/+1 ? ^5/+2 ? ^5/+3 ? ^5/+4 ) = (l,〇,l,l,l) (办5/,办5,+l,hi+2,办5,+3,办5/+4 )= (1,1,0 A〇) (b5,,b5l+l,b5l+2,b5l+3,b5l+4 )=(1,1,0,0,1) (b u,b 5ι+λ,b 5l+2,b 5i+3, b5l+4) = (ix〇x〇) (办5,,办5/+1,办5/+2,办5z+3,办5/+4 )二(1,1,〇,1,1) (b y,b 5i+',b 5i+2,b 5i+3,b 5l+4 ) = (lU〇,〇) ,b5l+” b5l+2,b5j+3,b5j+4 ) = (U,1,0,1) (Py,b5iM,b5j+2,b5i+3,b5i+4 ) = (u,u,〇) (^5z 9 ^5/+15 ^5/+2 5 ^5/+3 ? ^5/+4 ) = 0U,1,1,1) 其中,R1是内環的半徑,R2是中間環的半徑,而R3是外環 的半徑。 根據本發明的多種實施例,圖4的位元映射方法可使用格雷 映射,這意味著相鄰點的二進位表示僅有一個位元不同。密度演 化分析表明,給定LDPC編碼的32APSK系統,格雷映射方法能 12 200816731 值。圖4的位元映射方法還以基於來自通作、雨 順序來排列位元。這種處理簡 在本發明的精神;了,發明:但是應該理解 發明申請專利範圍的目:是覆f 化^ 中的這些修改和變更。 派斤有在本發明的真正精神和範圍 【圖式簡單說明】 表示圖1是碼字長度六的示例性非規則LDPC碼的奇偶校驗矩陣 圖2說明了如圖1所千 ffl 3 ^ m τ ^ 4^ Μ的非規則LDPC碼的二分圖表示; S 3况月了根據本發明 位元映射功能模組;和 ]夕種男、轭例,在32APSK調變中的 圖4說明了根據本發 位元映射; J夕種貫施例,用於32APSK符碼的 圖5說明了根據本發 夕 32APSK調變的示例性通信系^勺夕種貫靶例,採用LDPC碼和 圖6說明了根據本發明—
調變的示例性發射器;和 夕種貫施例’採用圖5中的32APSK 圖7說明了根據本發明 —
調變的示例性接收器。 夕種貫施例’採用圖5中的32APSK 【主要元件符號說明】 發射器501 通信通道502 接收器503 資訊源601 200816731 LDPC編碼器602 交錯器/調變器603 發射天線604 天線701 解調器/解交錯器702 LDPC解碼器703

Claims (1)

  1. 200816731 十、申請專利範圍: 1 一種32APSK系統中位元映射的方法,該方法包括: 從發射器發送數位信號;和 在接收器接收該數位信號, 其中該數位信號利用32APSK系統,且在發送之前根 據下面公式位元映射該信號: (R2 cos^/AlR2sm^/4)\ (R2 cos(^-/12),^ sin(^·/12)), (尽 cos(;r/8),尽 sin(;r/8)), CM), (R2 sm(K/\2lR2 cos(^/12))5 (及i cos〇 / 4),& sin(;r / 4)), (及3 sin〇/8),及3 cos〇/8)), (R3 cos(^/4),^3 sin(^·/4)), (及2 cos〇/4),一及2 sin〇/4)), (R2 cos{nI \2)-R2 sin(^·/12)), (及3 cosOMX-T^ sin(;r/4)), (及3 cos(;r/8),-及3 sin〇/8)), (R2 ήη{πH2)-R2 cos(^·/12)), (R{ cos{n I A)-Rx sin(^·/4)), (〇,一及 3), f (厶5/,厶5,+l,办5,+2,办5/十3,办5/+4 ) = (〇,〇,〇,〇,〇) (办5z,办5/+1 ,办5;+2,办5丨+3, 办5/+4) = (〇,〇,〇,〇,1) (“1,u,+3 入+4 ) = (〇,〇,〇,1,〇) (Hi 入+2 ,〜+3 人+4 ) = (0,0,0,1,1) (Hi,D㈣人+4)= (0,0,1,0,。) (办5/,U5,+2 ,〜+3,U =(❻,0,1,0,1) (Hi 入+2 A+3,U = (0,0,U〇) (办5/,办5ί+1,石5/+2,&5ί+3,办5/+4 ) = (〇,〇,1,1,1) (办5,,办5/+1,\+2,\+3,\+4 ) = (〇山〇,〇,〇) (\,U5,+2 Λ,+3 A+4 ) = (0,1,0, W) (h^5i+i^5l+2,b5]+3,b5j+A) = (0,1,0,1,0) (¾,,办5/+1,b5 /+2, b5i+3,b5i+4) = (〇X〇Xl) (b5j, b5j+1, b5l+2, b5l+3, b5i+A) = (0,1,1,0,0) (办5,,^5/+1,石5z+2,办5z+3,办5/+4 ) = (〇,l,l,〇,l) (办5,,办5/+1,办5/+2 A+3,U = WAUO) (7(〇 om) = j (氏sin㈤8),一及3 cos(;r /8)), (¾,〜+1人+2, D5,+4)= (〇,u,u) ’一 I (~R2 cos(^· / 4), R2 Sin(^· / 4)), (b5j ? b5i+l, b5i+2, b5i+3, b5i+4) = (1,0,0,0,0) (-及 2 cos〇r/12),及2 sin〇r/12)),(b5i, Z)5?+1, b5i+2, b5j+3, b5i+4) = (1,0,0,0,1) (~^3 cos(tt / 4),i^3 sin(^r/4)), (^5/ ? ^5/+1? ^5/+2 ? ^5/+3 ? ^5/+4) ~~ (l?〇?〇>l?〇) (—7^3 cos(^r / 8),-/^3 sin(^·/8)),(办5” 办5/+1,h+2,\+3,办5/+4) — (l,〇,〇,l,l) (-/^2 sin(^r/12),/^2 ¢08(^/12)), (^5/ ? ^5/+1»^5/+2 > ^5/+3 > ^5/+4) — (l?〇,1,0,0) (-尺 cos(;r / 4),晁 sin(;r / 4)), (b5i, Z>5/+1, b5i+2, Z>5i+3, Z?5/+4) = (1,0,1,0,1) (〇,及3 ), (b5i, b5i+l, b5i+2, b5j+3,65/+4) = (1,0,1,1,0) (-及3 sin(;r / 8),& cos(;r / 8)), (b5i, b5i+l, b5i+2,65,+3, Z>5/+4) = (1,0,1,1,1) (-R2 cos(^/4)-/e2 sin(^/4)), (“i A+2,D5,+4) = (U〇,0,0) (-i?2 cos(^/12)-i?2 sin(^/12)), (b5i,b5i+l,b5i+2,b5i+3,b5j+4) = (U,0,0,1) (-7^3 cos(^·/8),-^3 sin(^-/8)),(心,U5i+2,D5,+4) = (U,0,1,0) (_及3,〇), (^5/ 5 ^5/+1 ? ^5/+2 5 ^5/+3» ^5/+4 ) ~ (lJ?〇,l,l) (~R2 sin(^/12),-^2 cos(^/12)), (^5;., b5i+l, b5i+2, ^5/+3, b5i+4) = (U,l,〇,〇) (-尺 cos〇 / 4),-八 sin(;r / 4)), (b5j, 65;+1, b5i+2, b5i+3,65/+4) = (1,1,1,0,1) (-R3 sin(^r/8)-^3 cos(^·/8)), (¾ 人+1 人+2 人+3,\+4) = (UU,〇) (-& cos(;r / 4),一尽 sink / 4)),(心 A+1Λ/+2,D5,十4) = (U,l,l,l) ^其中,R1是内環的半徑,R2是中間環的半徑,而R3 是外環的半徑。 15 200816731 2、 如申請專利範圍第1頂辦、+、^ 法,其中該系統使用FEg之32APSK系統中位元映射的方 3、 一種數位通信系統,包括·· 發送數位信號的發射器; 4 统,ϋ用利用具有fec編碼的32apsk系 ΪίΪJtDPC; 〇3 ^ PEC 5、 如申請專利範圍第3項所述之數位通信系統,其中,該 碼是非規則LDPC碼。 6、 如申請專利範圍第3項所述之數位通信系統,其中,該FEC 碼是規則重複累積碼。 7、 如申請專利範圍第3項所述之數位通信系統,其中,該FEC 碼是非規則重複累積碼。 8、 一種數位通信系統,包括: 發射器,對於i=〇, 1,2, ····,基於下面公式將至少一個 五位元(b5i,b5i+l,b5i+2, b5i+3,b5i+4)的映射組調變為 32APSK 符碼(Symb〇is): 200816731 (R2 cos(^t / 4), R2 sin(^ / 4)), (R2 cos(^/12),i^2 sin(^·/12)), (i?3 cos(^r/8),^3 sin(^-/8)), (尽,〇), (R2 ύη{πHI),R2 cos(7t/12)), (Rx cos(^ / 4), ^ sin(^· / 4)), (i^3 sin(^/8),^3 cos(^/8)), (i?3 cos(^· / 4), i?3 sin(^ / 4)), (i^2 cos(^/4),-Λ2 sin(^·/4)), (及2 cos〇/12),-A sin〇/12)), (i^3 cos(^/4),-7^3 sin(^·/4)), (i?3 cos(^·/8),-^3 sin(^·/8)), (i?2 ύη{π /12)-R2 cos(^·/12)), cos(^·/4),-^ sin(^·/4)), (〇,-A), (R3 ύη{π / 8),-^3 cos(^· / 8)), (-i?2 cos(^ / 4), sin(^· / 4)), (-i?2 cos(^·/12),i^2 sin(^·/12)), (-及3 cos(;r / 4),及3 sin(;r / 4)), (-R3 cos(^·/8),^3 sin(^/8)), (一及2 sin(;r /12),及2 cos(;r /12)), (-^ cos(^ / 4), ^ sin(^ / 4)), (〇Λ), (一及3 sin(;r / 8),i?3 cos(;r / 8)), (-i^2 cos(^/4χ-^2 sin(^/4)), (-i^2 cos(^/12)?-i^2 sin(^·/12)), (-7^3 cos(^/8),-J?3 sin(^·/8)), (-A,〇), (-^2 ύη(π/12)-Κ2 cos(^/12)), (-^ oos{k I A)-Rx sin(^/4)), (-i?3 sin(^·/8),-^3 cos(^·/8)), (-i^3 cos(^/4),-^3 sin(^/4)), (办5/,办5/+1,办5/+2,〜+3,办5/+4 ) = (〇,〇,〇,〇,〇) ,b5j+1,b5j+2,b5i+3, D = (0,0,0,0,1) Qb5!,b5M,b5i+2,b5l+3,b5i+4 ) = (0,0,0,1,0) (¾,办5/+1,办5/+2,办5/+3,厶5/+4 ) = (〇,〇,〇,l,l) (办5/,办5/+】,办5/+2,办5/+3,办5/+4 ) = (〇,〇,l,〇,〇) (b5i,b5M,b5i+2,b5i+3,b5j+4 ) = (0,0,1,0,1) 、b5j,b5M,b5l+2,b5i+3,b5i+4 ) = (0,0,1,1,0) (¾,办5/+1,办5/+2, 匕+3 人+4) = (0,0,U,1) (办5/,办5/+1,65/+2,65/+3,&5/+4 ) = (〇,1,〇,〇,〇) (~b5i,b5l+',b5i+2,b5i+3,b5i+4 ) = (0,1,0,0,1) (办5/,办5/+1,\+2,657+3,65/+4 ) = (〇,1,〇,1,〇) (办5/,办5,+1,办5/+2,办5/+3,办5/+4 ) = (〇X〇Xl) (办5/,办5/+1,办5/+2,办5/+3,办5/+4 ) = (0,1,1,0,0) (b5i,b5i+',b5j+2,b5i+3,b5]+4 ) = (0,U0,1) (办5/,办5/+1,办5/+2,办5/+3,办5/+4 ) = (〇,1,1,1,〇) (办5” 办5/+1,厶5/+2,办5,+3, έ57+4) = (0,1,1,1,1) (¾,办57+1,办5/+2,办5/+3,办5/+4 )=(1,0,0,0,0) (办5/,办5/+1,石5/+2,办5/+3,办5/+4 )=(1,0,0,0,1) (办57,办5/+1,办57+2,办5/+3,石5/+4) = (1,〇,〇,1,〇) Oh】,b5i+',b5l+2,b5i+3, ft5/+4) = (l,0,0,l,l) ,b5r+1,b5!+2,b5i+3,b5r+4 )=(1,0,1,0,0) (〜, ^5/+1 ? ^5/+2 ? ^5/+3 ? ^5/+4 ) = (1,0,1,0,1) ,b5j+',b5!+2,b5l+3, b5l+4) = (mx〇) (办5/,65/+I,办5/+2,^5/+3,办5/+4 ) = (1,0,1,U) (by,by+1,b5f+2,b5#+3,b5f+4 ) = (u〇,〇,〇) (¾,办5/+1,办5/+2,办5/+3,石5/+4 )=(1,1,〇,〇,1) (办5/,办5/+I ,办5/+2,厶5/+3,办5/+4 )=(1丄〇,1,〇) ibSi,b5i+',bSi+2,b5M, ό5,+4) = (1,1,0,1,1) ib5i,b5i+l,bSi+2,b5i+3,b5i+4 ) = au〇,〇) (bSi, b5j+l, b5i+2, b5j+3, b5j+4) = (1,1,1,0,1) (办5,,办5/+1,厶5/+2, H) = (1,1,14,0) (^5/ ? ^5/+1 ? ^5/+2 5 ^5/+3 ,办 5/+4 ) = (U,1,1,1) 其中,R1是内環的半徑,R2是中間環的半徑,而R3 是外環的半徑。 9、一種數位通信系統,包括: 接收器,其對於i=〇, 1,2,…·,基於下面32APSK定義 將至少一個映射後的32APSK符碼解調為五位元(b5i, b5i+l,b5i+2, b5i+3, b5i+4)的信息組估值: 17 200816731 (R2 cos^/4%R2 sin(^-/4)), (b5l, b5l+l, b5j+2, b5l+3, b5]+4) - (0,0,0,0,0) 〇R2 cos〇r/12),及2 sin〇r/12)),(b5l, b5]+l, b5l+2, ^5;+3, b5l+4) = (0,0,0,0,1) (A cos〇 / 8),及3 sin(;r / 8)), (Z)5,,办5,+” Z?5,+2,Z?57+3, Z?5,+4) = (0,0,0,1,0) (R3,0), (b5j, Z?5-+1, Z?5/+2, Z?5/+3, b5i+4) = (0,0,0,1,1) (R2 sin(^-/12),7?2 cos(^/12)), (557,U5,+2,U5,+4) = (0,0,1,0,0) cos(^/4),^ sin(^r/4)), (¾, 65i+1,65,+2,办5,+3,Z?5,+4) = (0,0,1,0,1) (及3 sin(;r / 8),cos(tt / 8)), (¾,办5/+1,办5/+2,办5/+3,办57+4) = (〇,〇,l,l,〇) (及3 cos〇r / 4),晃 sinO / 4)), (b5l, ^5,+1, b5]+2, ^5i+3, Z?5;+4) = (0,0,1,11) (R2 cos^ / 4)-R2 sin(^-/4)), (b5], b5l+l, b5l+2, b5l+3, Z>5/+4) = (0,1,0,〇,〇) (R2 cos(^/12),-/?2 sin(^/12)), (^3 cos(^/4)-7^3 sin(^-/4)), (b5i, Z?5;+], ό57+2, b5l+3, Z?5/+4) = (0,1,0,1,0) (R3 ο〇Ξ(π/8)-R3 sin(^r/8)), (b5j, Z>5?+1, Z?5?+2, b5l+3, b5l+4) = (0,1,0,1,1) (R2 sin(^-/12)-7^2 cos(^/12)), (b5l, 65;+1 ? Z?5,+2, b5]+3, Z)5/+4) = (0,1,1,0,0) (R} cos(^/4)-^ sin(^/4)),队,〜+”〜+”办㈣,^^0,1,1,0,1) (0,-及3 ), ,&57+1,办5/+2,〜+3,办5/+4 ) = (〇,l,l,l,〇) (/(/),2(/)) = (A sinO / 8),-晃 cos(;r / 8)), A,+1 A,+2 A+3 A,+4) = (〇,UU) (-及2 cos〇 / 4),尽 sin(;r / 4)), (b5], b5l+l, b5]+2, ό5/+3, Z?5i+4) = (1,0,0,0,0) (-穴2 cos〇 /12)為 sin(;r /12)),(¾ A,+1,办5,+2,办5,+3 A,+4) = (l,〇,〇,〇,l) cos〇 / 4),尽 sin〇 / 4)), (b5j, b5l+l, b5]+2, b5l+3, Z75i+4) = (1,0,0,1,0) (~R3 cos(^/8),^3 sin(^/8)), A,+1,办5,+2,办5,+3,办5,+4)=⑽,0,1,1) (-及2 sin(;r /12),cos〇 /12)),(Ζ?5/, b5l+l, Ζ?5;+2, ^57+3, b5j+4) = (1,0,1,0,0) (-^ cos(;r / 4),& sin(;r / 4)), (b5j, b5l+l, b5l+2, Z>5/+3, Z)5/+4) = (1,0,1,0,1) (0,7^3), (b5i, b5j+l, b5]+2, b5i+3, Z757+4) = (1,0,1,1,0) (-及3 sin〇 / 8),及3 cos(;r / 8)), (b5l, b5}+l, b5}+2, b5l+3, b5l+4) = (1,0,1,1,1) (-R2 cos(^·/4),-^2 sin(^/4)), (Z?5/, b5M, ό5?+2, ^5?+3, b5l+4) = (1,1,〇,〇,〇) (-R2 cos(^/12),-^2 sin(^/12)), (b5l,b5M,b5l+2,b5l+3,b5t+4) = (1,1,0,0,1) (-^ cos(;r / 8),-A sin(7T / 8)), (b5l, b5M, b5]+2, Z>5;+3, b5l+4) = (l,l,〇,l〇) (—i?3,0), (b5j, Z?5j+1, b5j+2, Z?5;+3, έ>5/+4) = (1,1,0,1,1) (-R2 sin^/\2)-R2 cos(^·/12)), (b5nb5]+l,b5]+2,b5l+3,b5]+4) = (l,UA〇) (-及 cos〇 / 4),-尺 sin(;r / 4)), (b5l, b5l+l, b5l+2, b5j+3, Z?57+4) = (1,1,1,0,1) (-R3 sin(^-/8)-^3 cos(^/8)), (b5l, Z?5?+1, Z?5/+2, b5]+3, Z)5,+4) = (1,1,1,1,0) (-R3 cos^/4)-R3 sin(^·/4)), (b5], b5M, Z?57+2, b5M, Z)57+4) = (1,1,1,1,1) 其中,R1是内環的半徑,R2是中間環的半徑,而R3 是外環的半徑。 10、一種存儲電腦程式的電腦可讀媒體,該電腦程式對i=〇,1, 2,....,基於下面公式將至少一個五位元(b5i,b5i+l,b5i+2, b5i+3,b5i+4)組映射為 32APSK 符碼(symbol): 18 200816731 (i?2cos(^/4),7?2sin(^/4))? (b5l ? b5l+l ? b5l+2 5 b5l+3, b5j+4) = (0,0,0,0,0) (R2 cos(^/12),i?2 sin(^/12))? (b5l?Z>5;+1 ?b5j+2,έ5?+3,b5j+4) = (0,0,0,0,1) (R3 cos(^/8)?i?3sin(^/8)), A+1,U5i+3,〜+4) = (0,0,0,1,0) (T?3,0), {b5i ? b5l+] ? Z>5/+2, Z?5/+3, b5i+4) = (0,0,0,1,1) (R2 sin(^/12),7?2 cos(^/12))? (^,U5i+2,U;+4) = (0,0,1,0,0) cos(7r / 4), Rx sin(^·/4)), (¾,办5,+i,^5/+2,\+3,办5/+4) = (〇,〇,l,〇,l) (i?3 sin(^/8),7?3 cos(^/8)), A,+1,ft5/+2,U7+4)二(0,0,1,150) (T?3 cos(;r / 4),sin〇 / 4)), (H〗Λ,+2,U,+4) = (0,0,1,1,1) (Λ2 cos(^/4)-7?2 sin(^/4)), (\人+1,έ5ί+2人+3人+4) = (0,1,0,050) (i?2 cos(^/12)-i?2 sin(^/12))? (b5nb5l+l,b5j+2,b5l+3,b5l+4) = (0,1,0,0,1) (/?3cos(^/4)-i?3 sin(^/4)), (b5l,b5l+l,b5i+2,b5l+3,b5l+4) = (〇X〇X〇) (T?3 cos〇 / 8),-i?3 sin〇 / 8)),(H,U,+3,U = (〇,l,〇,l,l) ' (^2 sin(^/12)-i?2 cos(^/12))? (b5j,b5i+l,b5j+2,b5l+3,b5l+4) = (0?l?l,0?〇) f Wcos^/4)-^ sin(^/4)), (\入+1,〜+2,〜+3,〜+4) = (〇,l,l,〇,l) (0,~~及3 ), (〜,^5/+1,^5/+2,^+3,^5/+4 ) = (〇,l,l,l,〇) f Id) 〇〇)) = sin(^ / 8)-T?3 cos(^ / 8)), (\A+1 A,+2 A,+3,U = (0,1,1,1,1) (-^2 cos(^/4),i?2 sin(^/4)),仇,人+1,U5;+3入+4) = (1,0,0,0,0) (-〇)φΓ/12),4 sin(;r/12)),(H 入+2,D5/+4) = (1,0,0,0,1) (-7?3cos(^/4)?i?3 sin(^/4)), A,+]人+2, Z>5z+3 人+4) = (l,〇,〇,l,〇) (~R3 cos(^/8),7?3 sin(^/8)),队太+1,k+2,U,+4) = (1,0,0,1,1) (-i?2 sin(^/12),i?2cos(^/12)), (H,\+2人+3人+4) = (l,〇,l,〇,〇) (-R, cos(^/4),^ sin(^/4)),队,U5,+2,U5,+4) = (1,0,1,0,1) (0, T?3 ), {b5j, έ5/+Ι, b5i+2, έ5/+3, b5.+4) = (1,0,1,1,0) (-R3 sin(^/8)?7?3cos(^/8))9 ,U;+3,έ5,+4) = (1,0,1,1,1) (-T?2 cos(^/4)-7?2 sin(^/4)), (H】A+2,D5,+4) = (1,1,0,0,0) (-T?2 cos(^/12)-i?2 sin(^/12))? (b5nb5l+l,b5l+2,b5l+3,b5]+4) = (l,lA〇?l) (~i?3 cos(^/8)-i?3 sin(^/8)),(“】,U/+3 入+4) = (1,1,0,1,0) (~Ά,〇), (办5/,々5,+l,^5/+2,^5/+3,^5/+4 ) = (l,l,〇,l,l) (-i?2 sin(^/12)-T?2 cos(^/12)), (b5nb5l+l,b5l+2,b5l+3,b5j+A) = (l?U〇?〇) (7?τ cos(^r / 4),-^ sin(^· / 4)), (^5/ ? ^5/+1 ? ^5/+2 ? ^5/+3 ? ^5/+4) ~ (~R3 sin(^/8)-i?3 cos(^/8)),(心人+1 人+2人+3入+4) = (l,l,l,l,〇) (~R3 ο〇3(π/4)-R3 sin(^/4)),(〜人+1 入+2,U,+4) = (1,1,1,1,1) 其中,R1是内環的半徑,R2是中間環的半徑,而R3 是外環的半徑。 19
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