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TW200816728A - An interleaving scheme for an LDPC coded 32APSK system - Google Patents

An interleaving scheme for an LDPC coded 32APSK system Download PDF

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Publication number
TW200816728A
TW200816728A TW096107911A TW96107911A TW200816728A TW 200816728 A TW200816728 A TW 200816728A TW 096107911 A TW096107911 A TW 096107911A TW 96107911 A TW96107911 A TW 96107911A TW 200816728 A TW200816728 A TW 200816728A
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ldpc
bits
code
efficiency
bit
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TW096107911A
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TWI328951B (en
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Juntan Zhang
Zhiyong Wu
Peng Gao
Fengwen Sun
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Availink Inc
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03MCODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M13/00Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
    • H03M13/03Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words
    • H03M13/05Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits
    • H03M13/11Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits using multiple parity bits
    • H03M13/1102Codes on graphs and decoding on graphs, e.g. low-density parity check [LDPC] codes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03MCODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M13/00Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
    • H03M13/25Error detection or forward error correction by signal space coding, i.e. adding redundancy in the signal constellation, e.g. Trellis Coded Modulation [TCM]
    • H03M13/255Error detection or forward error correction by signal space coding, i.e. adding redundancy in the signal constellation, e.g. Trellis Coded Modulation [TCM] with Low Density Parity Check [LDPC] codes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03MCODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M13/00Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
    • H03M13/27Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes using interleaving techniques
    • H03M13/2757Interleaver with an interleaving rule not provided for in the subgroups H03M13/2703 - H03M13/2753
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03MCODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M13/00Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
    • H03M13/35Unequal or adaptive error protection, e.g. by providing a different level of protection according to significance of source information or by adapting the coding according to the change of transmission channel characteristics
    • H03M13/356Unequal error protection [UEP]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/18Phase-modulated carrier systems, i.e. using phase-shift keying
    • H04L27/183Multiresolution systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/18Phase-modulated carrier systems, i.e. using phase-shift keying
    • H04L27/186Phase-modulated carrier systems, i.e. using phase-shift keying in which the information is carried by both the individual signal points and the subset to which the individual signal points belong, e.g. coset coding or related schemes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/18Phase-modulated carrier systems, i.e. using phase-shift keying
    • H04L27/20Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits
    • H04L27/2032Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits for discrete phase modulation, e.g. in which the phase of the carrier is modulated in a nominally instantaneous manner
    • H04L27/2053Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits for discrete phase modulation, e.g. in which the phase of the carrier is modulated in a nominally instantaneous manner using more than one carrier, e.g. carriers with different phases

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Probability & Statistics with Applications (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Error Detection And Correction (AREA)

Description

200816728 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明涉及在32APSK調變系統中交錯低密度奇偶校驗 (LDPC)編碼的位元。具體地說’通過基於不同的位元度(bit jegrees) 分配確定調變符碼的位元,能夠有效地在所使用的ldpc碼提供 的差錯性能和差錯平底(error fl〇〇r)之間找到需要的取捨 (tradeoffs) ° 【先前技術】
在 Yan Li 和 William Ryan 所著,發表於 iEEE communicati〇ns
Letters,ν〇1· 9,no. :l,hnuary 2005 的 “Bit-Reliability Mapping in LDPC-Codes Modulation systems,” ( LDPC 碼調變系統中的位元 可靠性映射)中,作者研究了採用8?8尺的]11)1>(::編碼的調變系 統的性能。利用建議的位元可靠性映射策略,實現了超過非交錯 方法大約0.15dB的性能改進。作者還使用被稱為Εχιτ圖表的分 析工具解釋了這個改進的原因。在該交錯方法中,考慮了 一種交 ,方法,結果表明該方法提供了比非交錯系統更好的性能,也就 疋,在位元可罪性映射方法中,將低可靠性的LDpc碼位元映射 到低階的調變位元,且將較可靠的位元映射到高階的位元。 轉制(F°r肅dEnWC她Gl,FEC)編碼對於通信系 t訊通這的可靠傳輸非常重要。基於香農(Shannon) SNR 7;,,通道在確定的信號雜訊比(Signal to Noise Ratio, ΐ以位元ΐ符碼表示的確定的容量,這被定義為香農 ^、^nnon imit)。通信和編碼理論中最重要的研究領域之一是設 使$ 近香農限的性能的編碼方法:已經表明 的編、Λ Γ pagatiGn, Bp) ’碼的LDPC碼具有可控 的、為馬和~碼_度,並能夠提供接近香農限的性能。 200816728 LDPC碼最初在I960年由Gallager描述。LDPC碼的性能非 常逼近香農限。具有碼長度N和維度K的(N,K)二進位的LDPC 碼由(N-K)行和N列的奇偶校驗矩陣Η定義。矩陣Η的大多數 元素是〇,且僅小部分元素是1,因此矩陣Η是稀疏的。矩陣Η 的每行表示校驗和,且每列表示變數,例如,位元或符碼。由 Gallager描述的LDPC碼是規則的,也就是,奇偶校驗矩陣Η具 有恒定的行重和列重。 規則的LDPC碼能被擴展到非規則的LDPC碼’其中行重和 列重是變化的。非規則的LDPC碼由分別定義變數節點和校驗節 點度分佈的度分佈多項式(degree distribution polynomial) v(x)和 c(x)來指定。更加具體地說,令 ^vmax 一1 和 ^cmax c(x)= 一1 * 分別是最大變數節點度和校驗節點 t分i αΐΙΓ j的變數(校驗)節點發出的邊(edge) 雖然非規則LDPC碼在表示和/或實現上更加 3八
Lore J 例性非規則長度六的示 LDPC碼還可由-八同少 -f If ^ ^ ^a:n;r j 0 * r ® t ^ 而被稱為約束節點(或校驗 、、且即^對應於編碼字的位元,
瑪的一組相校驗崎射定義LDPC 位元節點和校驗節點具有遠技、真卩和杈私節點存在連接邊。如果 通常,假定—對節 它們是鄰近或相鄰的。 夕於一條的邊來連接。 200816728 ,2 f兄明了如圖!所示的非規則LDp 圖】表示的職碼的編碼字長度是 表:。由 圖1所示,在LDpc碼的奇偶校驗矩陣表;存0如 f此在如圖2的Tann er圖表示中,6個位 ^二9 = !。 連接到4個校驗節點2〇2。 ”、201由9條邊203 LDPC碼能以多種方式來解碼,比如多數 碼。因為其奇偶校驗矩陣的結構,LDpc碼是可親=代解 雖然多數賴解碼f要、賴雜度, ^碼的。 ίΓLDtc^^^ίΐ^ LDPC^ Sit! 表現出相當不錯的解碼i能 私結束日守對解碼符碼輸出的可靠性度量用作下一次的$ ,,理直到滿m㈣止條件時結束。此後基於^後三 以議可靠性度量做出最後決定。根據在每次 可*性度κ的不同特徵,迭代解碼演算法可被進一 3刀,硬式決定(harddedsiGn)、軟式決定(SGftdedsion)和 ΞΓϋ decision)演算法。對應的常用演算法分別是迭 ,位兀翻轉(bit_flipping,BF)、置信傳播(則和加權位元翻轉 (而g,d blt-mPPing,WBF}解碼演算法。已經證明當相應的 是非迴圈時,BP演算法能狗實現最大似然解碼,因而該 ί為最流行的解碼方法。下面描述的本發明中將僅討論 U3PC碼的ΒΡ解碼。 曰^ 2P C碼的Β Ρ是一種資訊傳遞解碼。沿著圖的邊發送的資訊 ,和二應於編碼字位元的气數節點相關聯的對數似然比 〇g-_lh〇od rati0, LLR) logj。在這個運算式中,户。和乃分別 200816728 表不相關位元取值〇和1的機率。BP解碼包括兩個步驟:水平步 驟和垂直步驟。在水平步驟中,每個校驗節點。將基於除來自位 以〃外的所有進入校驗的“位元-到-校驗” (bit_tocheck)資 Λ σ十异传出的校驗-到-位元”(ciieck>to-bit)資訊發送到相鄰節 。在垂直步驟中,每個位元節點匕將基於除來自校驗節點〜以 夕,的汽15進入位元匕的“校驗""到-位元”資訊計算得出的“位元-J校氣資成發送到相鄰的校驗節點‘。重複這兩個步驟直到找 到可用的編碼字或達到最大的迭代次數。 曰』ί BP解碼賴著性能,非規則LDPC碼對很多應用都是 ^擇之一。許多通信和存儲標準,如DVB_S2/DAB、 考声^^^指1目^^02.1111和1征002.16[4][5]等均已採用或正在 彳PC碼。#考慮在視頻廣齡統巾應用非規ί pc馬牯,人們經常遇到由於差錯平底引起的問題。 、 技十LDPC解碼态的差錯平底性能區域可以由系統的差_ ::j ;LDPC解碼器系統在輸入信號的品質提高時二妒:現 錯性能曲線被稱為差錯平底。;了==明的差 3(Π和差錯平底區域302的非規則布區域 error rate,FER)性能曲線。 馬的决幀千(Frame 【發明内容】 本發明公開了 -種交錯方法,其 的聰碼位元,映射為一部分低階調性級別 位元。對特定的LDPr石民έ士 Μ 4 μ μ 口^刀向階調變 、、宫化的理认、當瞀、土 馬、、、口構和调受方法,能夠通過被稱Λ宓斧 /貝化的理⑷心㈣定低階和高階調變位元的最優劃^稱為名度 在本發明的一個實施例中,提供 32APSK調㈣、統中交錯位元的數位通㈣統,其包括EC能^ 200816728 生經通信ϋ it!彳触㈣錢 產生帶有相應的信號波形的一射器具有-個 射器中的交錯是一種非遠砵_1+生4號达入到“號映射器,在映 ldpc :. ^ ^ 發明 要求下的傳輸功^值特性’能夠降低狀舰性能 長/趨1鮮當編碼字 因此不Si以以:值和差錯平底具有不同要求。 特定標準。 所而的門檻值’ _簡差錯平底低於 【實施方式】 參考附圖’其提供根據本發明實 位元映射方法和執行這個方法的程式⑽C碼的編碼 雖然本發明是通過LDpc碼描述的 ίί^ΪΓίΓ:ί#Ι^^ (bit labeling 以在非編碼糸統中實現這個方法。 信系::㈡=t j用„ ldpc碼的具有交錯器的通 通道402發送到接收哭4=J:S 4〇1 =發射器產生經通信 組離散的可能的眘次 > 的“號波形。龟射器401包括產生一 形。該波形進對應於某:信號波 ?丨人的干擾。對於特定 ‘nm由 狡叹态403中使用父錯器和解交錯器。 々 200816728 元編碼為LDP二石將來自資訊源5〇1 ’的資訊位 個TDp「 、馬子攸母個資吼塊(information block)到每 成矩陣字Γ映射由[咖碼的奇偶校驗矩陣(或等效的生 信號波形。錯調變LDPC編碼字為 所示的接收ϊ 了 被發到發射線504並傳播到如圖6 ,哭圖3述了圖4的示例性接收器,其中採用ldpc碼和解交 Γ〇2 Λ天線6G1接收信號波形,並分發到解_/解交ί器 代地2m砸由較錯轉交錯波形,讀分發到迭 If的消息的LDPC解碼器_,並輸出發送的編碼 =/以。哭==交錯器、602採用的解交錯規則應該與由交 該&^=#==謙,嫩錯方法應 錯為和/^^調變方法’我們定義最優交 碼的最佳門捏值。& “產生由讀演化預測得到的相應ldpc 位元=丨=2 32apsk位元,符碼映射電路每次獲取五個 值m,Mi+2,b5w,撕4),並將它們映射為I值和q 值其中1=0, 1,2,…·。映射邏輯如圖8所示。 32APSK中,對於㈣丨〇幻 7^ 〜 〜〜 :一 1,且,·mod5 = 0} , ^ (厶厂 γ 〜〜 -"T ldpc_bits A5 l muu J = U) …丄u 口、j hun ,詞 -1,且/mod5 = 〇}和尸叫从,32ApSK交錯規則是: ^ t u L 是確定第1個符碼的5位元。我們指定y 底ί 個編碼ϊ率!!位元映射的數量。給定LDPC碼和差Ϊ-率、^ ’通過松度凉化分析來獲得最優交錯方法 丰 2/3、3/4、4/5、5/6、13/15 和咖的 LDpc 于碼
Idpc _ bits 200816728 i+j ^-+32xA^0#5e/+3072xy Jmod7V/47C_^-^-Jm〇d256+^~mod8jx32+ — mod32 在表1 “32APSK中的交錯偏移值”中羅列了位元偏移數 【表1】32APSK中的交錯偏移值 效率 ^offset 3/4 72 4/5 80 5/6 120 13/15 160 9/10 192 發明ίίΐίί佳實施例示例性地描述了本發明’應該理解在本 以有可能出現多種其他變化和修改。因此,本 所目的是覆蓋在本發明的真正精神和範圍中的 【圖式簡單說明】 陣表=是編碼字長度六的示雌非_LDPC碼的奇偶校驗矩 :了=1所示的非規則LDPC觸二分圖表示; 例性曲i#規則麗碼的瀑布和差錯平底區域的示 一圖4是根據本發明實施例, 的示例性通信系統;、 採用LDPC碼和交錯器/解交錯器 11 200816728 圖5說明了圖4中發射器的實例; 圖6說明了圖4中'接收器的實例; 圖7說明了 32APSK調變中的位元映射功能模組; 圖8說明了 32APSK符碼的位元映射。 【主要元件符號說明】
位元節點201 連接邊203 校驗節點202 瀑布區域301 差錯平底區域302 發射器401 通信通道402 接收器403 資訊源501 LDPC編碼器502 交錯器/調變器503 發射天線504 接收天線601 解調器/解交錯器602 LDPC解碼器603 12

Claims (1)

  1. 200816728 十、申請專利範圍: 1、一種在32APSK調變系統中基於下面規則交錯ldPC編碼位 元的數位通信發射器: bits ~ r mod 256+ -mod8 )χ32+ i l5 J _40_ mod 32 广 32xAW+3072χ 小 od~c 對於’€{叫〇5?^/_,一1,且,111〇(15:==〇}和7 = 〇,1,2,3,4.,其中卜」是返回 小於或等於X的最大整數的取整函數,:議是所使用的 ypc碼的編碼字長度,且乂伽是不同編碼效率的偏移值,定 義為: 效率 Noffset 3/4 72 4/5 80 5/6 120 13/15 160 9/10 192 2、一種採用LDPC解碼器的數位通信接收器,該接收器在 32APSK調變模式中基於下面規則解碼交錯的LDpc編碼位元 的: i+j
    -^32χΝφβί +3072xj mod^ idpc_bits-\ ~~ mod256+ -mod8 x32+ mod 32 對於♦、一 l且/m〇d5 = 〇}和/,,…,其中㈤是返回 小於或等於X的最大整數的取整函數,是所使用的 LDPC碼的編碼字長度,且乂細是不同編碼效率的偏移值,定 義為: 13 含. 200816728 效率 3/4 72 4/5 80 5/6 120 13/15 160 9/10 192
    3、一種存儲電腦程式的電腦可讀媒體,該程式用於執行能夠實 現32APSK調變系統中基於下面規則交錯LDPC編碼位元方法 的方法: i+j -+?>2xNoffset Λ-mix j modNIdpi 、c bits ' mod256+ -mod8 x32+ mod32 對於匕{/|0:^<7\^_-1,咖2/111〇(15 = 0}和1/ = 0,1,2,3,4.,其中4」是返 回小於或等於X的最大整數的取整函數,^=15360是所使用 i 的LDPC碼的編碼字長度,且是不同編碼效率的偏移值, 定義為: 效率 -^offset 3/4 72 4/5 80 5/6 120 13/15 160 9/10 192 14
TW096107911A 2006-09-18 2007-03-07 A digital communications transmitter,a digital communications receiver,and a computer readable medium TWI328951B (en)

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