200816109 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬技術領威】 技術領域 本發明係有關於顯示元件、具有該元件之顯示系統及 5 影像處理方法。 【先前^^軒】 背景技術 近年來，在各企業、大學間積極地進行著電子紙之開 發。電子紙係以電子書籍為首，並期待可應用在移動終端 10 之夂頒不或1C卡之顯示部等方面。使用膽固醇液曰曰之液 晶顯示元件係用於電子紙之有力的顯示方式之一，且使用 膽固醇液晶之液晶顯示元件具有半永久性的顯示維持特性 (記憶性）、鮮明的亮彩顯示特性、高對比特性及高解析度特 性等之優異特徵。膽固醇液晶係藉由於向列型液晶添加較 15多的（數十°/〇)旋光性添加劑(旋光材）而得者，且亦可稱為旋 光/向列型液晶。膽固醇液晶可形成向列型液晶分子強烈扭 轉成螺旋狀之膽固·醇相，且達到入射光受到干涉反射的程 度。 使用膽固醇液晶之顯示元件係藉由控制每個像素的液 20晶分子之定向狀態而進行顯示。膽固醇液晶之定向狀態有 水平螺旋狀態及垂直螺旋狀態，且該等狀態即使在無電場 之下亦可安定存在。垂直螺旋狀態之液晶層可透過光，而 水平螺旋狀態之液晶層可選擇性地反射對應液晶分子的螺 距之特定波長光。 5 200816109 第21圖係顯示使用膽固醇液晶之液晶顯示元件的截面 構造之模式圖，且第21(a)圖顯示水平螺旋狀態之液晶顯示 元件的截面構造，而第21(b)圖顯示垂直螺旋狀態之液晶顯 示元件的截面構造。如第21(a)、（b)圖所示，液晶顯示元件 5 146具有一對基板147、149、及於兩基板147、149之間密封 膽固醇液晶而形成之液晶層143。 如第21(a)圖所示，水平螺旋狀態下的液晶分子133係形 成螺旋軸與基板面大致垂直之螺旋構造，且水平螺旋狀態 之液晶層143可選擇性地反射對應液晶分子133的螺距之預 10定波長光。因此，可藉由某像素之液晶層143呈水平螺旋狀 態而使該像素成為明亮狀態。當液晶之平均折射率為n，且 螺距為p時，以λ=η · p來表示反射的最大波長λ。反射頻 寬△ λ係隨著液晶的折射率異向性△ η而變大。 另一方面，如第21(b)圖所示，垂直螺旋狀態下的液晶 15分子丨33係形成螺旋軸與基板面大致平行之螺旋構造，且垂 直螺叙狀態之液晶層143可透過大量入射光。因此，可藉由 某像素之液晶層143呈垂直螺旋狀態而使該像素成為黑暗 狀態，且在下基板149裏面側配置可見光吸收層時，可於垂 直螺旋狀態下顯示黑暗。 20 專利文獻1 ·日本專利公開公報第2005-196062號 專利文獻2 ·日本專利公開公報第2〇〇1_1〇〇182號 專利文獻3 ·曰本專利公開公報第2〇〇1_238227號 專利文獻4 ·日本專利公開公報第2〇〇3_29294號 專利文獻5:日本專利公開公報第7_56545號 6 200816109 專利文獻6:日本專利公開公報第3299〇58號 I：發明内容3 發明欲解決之問題 第22圖係顯示使用膽固醇液晶之一般彩色液晶顯示元 5件的截面構造之模式圖。如第22圖所示，彩色液晶顯示元 件具有下述結構：例如，依照顯示藍色(B)之液晶層（藍色 層）101B、顯不綠色(G)之液晶層（綠色層）1〇1G及顯示紅色 ⑻之液晶層（紅色層）1〇1r之順序從顯示面側（圖中上方）開 始積層。一般而言，旋光材含有率越高的液晶層可反射越 10短波長之光。即，在如第22圖所示的彩色液晶顯示元件之 情形下，液晶層101B含有最多旋光材，且液晶分子受到強 烈扭轉而縮短螺距。又，一般而言，旋光材含有率越高的 液晶層’驅動電壓會越高。 第23圖係顯示液晶顯示元件的反射光譜之一例。橫軸 15表示波長(ηπι)，而縱軸表示反射率（％)。連結▲記號之曲線 表示在液晶層101Β之反射光譜，且連結記號之曲線表示 在液晶層101G之反射光譜，而連結♦記號之曲線表示在液 晶層101R之反射光譜。水平螺旋狀態之液晶層係選擇左右 任一邊的圓偏振光而反射，故，反射率之理論最大值為 20 50% ’且實際上為40%左右。如此，液晶層101R、101G、 101Β可藉由液晶分子之螺距不同而分別選擇r、〇、β各色 予以反射。藉此’可使具有積層有3層液晶層1〇1R、1〇1G、 101B的結構之液晶顯示元件顯示彩色。 然而，在具有前述積層結構而可顯示彩色之顯示元件 7 200816109 中，即使欲顯示同一影像亦可能由於周圍環境而造成顯示 色調產生變化。因此，會產生即使具有積層結構之顯示元 件亦未必具有良好顯示品質之問題。 本發明之目的在於提供具有良好顯示品質之顯示元 5 件、具有該元件之顯示系統及影像處理方法。 解決問題之手段 前述目的可藉由下述顯示元件而達成，且該顯示元件 包含有：顯示部，係設有可顯示第1光譜之第1顯示層、及 積層於前述第1顯示層上並且可顯示相對前述第1光譜位於 10 較長波長側之第2光譜者；溫度檢測部，係可檢測前述顯示 部附近之溫度者；及控制部，係根據輸入影像資料及前述 溫度產生顯示於前述第1及第2顯示層之顯示影像資料，使 對應於前述輸入影像資料之顯示色調呈大致固定且不受到 前述溫度影響者。 15 在前述本發明之顯示元件中，前述控制部具有查表， 且前述查表係根據前述溫度修正前述輸入影像資料，並儲 存用以產生前述顯示影像資料之修正係數者。 在前述本發明之顯示元件中，前述控制部具有查表， 且前述查表係可儲存與前述輸入影像資料及前述溫度對應 20 之前述顯示影像資料者。 在前述本發明之顯示元件中，前述查表之前述溫度的 刻度寬度係越靠近低溫侧越細。 在前述本發明之顯示元件中，前述控制部係藉由使用 前述輸入影像資料及前述溫度之函數運算而產生前述顯示 8 200816109 影像資料者。 在前述本發明之顯示元件中，前述控制部係考慮前述 第1及第2光譜之重複部分而產生前述顯示影像資料者。 在前述本發明之顯示元件中，係隨著前述溫度越低， _ 5 施加於前述顯示層之電氣信號的施加時間越長。 在前述本發明之顯示元件中，係配合前述查表之前述 溫度的刻度寬度而變更前述電氣信號的施加時間。 在前述本發明之顯示元件中，前述顯示部更包含有積 ® 層於前述第1及第2顯示層上，且可顯示相對前述第1光譜位 10 於較長波長側並且相對前述第2光譜位於較短波長側之第3 光譜之第3顯示層，又，前述第1顯示層顯示藍色，且前述 第2顯示層顯示紅色，而前述第3顯示層顯示綠色。 在前述本發明之顯示元件中，前述第1、第3及第2顯示 層係從顯示面側開始依照前述順序積層者。 15 在前述本發明之顯示元件中，前述第1至第3顯示層具 有記憶性。 在前述本發明之顯示元件中，前述第1至第3顯示層具 ， 有形成膽固醇相之液晶。 . 在前述本發明之顯示元件中，由前述第1、第2及第3光 20 譜形成之色調具有藉由溫度而強化之色調，且前述控制部 可產生前述顯示影像資料，使與前述色調相當之顯示灰階 值相對於其他色調之顯示灰階值為低。 在前述本發明之顯示元件中，前述第3顯示層之旋光方 向與前述第1及第2顯示層之旋光方向不同。 9 200816109 月ίι述目的可藉由設有前述本發明的顯示元件之電子終 端而達成。 前述目的可藉由設有顯示元件及顯示資訊發送裝置之 顯示系統而達成，其中，該顯示元件包含有顯示部、溫度 5 k測部及發运接收部，且$顯示部係設有可顯示第1光譜之 第1顯不層、及積層於前述第1顯示層上並且可顯示相對前 逯第1光譜位於較長波長侧之第2光譜之第2顯示層者，並且 該溫度檢測部係可檢測前述顯示部附近之溫度者，而該發 送接收部係可發送前述溫度資訊並接收顯示於前述第 10第2頦示層之顯示影像資料者。又，該顯示資訊發送裝置包 含有發送接收部及控制部，且該發送接收部係可從前述顯 不兀件接收前述溫度資訊，並將前述顯示影像資料發送至 前述顯示元件者，而該控制部係根據輸入影像資料及前述 溫度產生前述顯示影像資料，使對應於前述輸入影像資料 15之顯示色調呈大致固定且不受到前述溫度影響者。 前述目的可藉由下述影像處理方法而達成，且該影像 處理方法包含有下列步驟：檢測設有第1顯示層及第2顯示 層之顯不部附近的溫度，且第1顯示層可顯示第1光譜，而 第2顯示層積層於前述第1顯示層上且可顯示相對前述第工 20光譜位於較長波長側之第2光譜；及根據輸入影像資料及前 述溫度產生顯示於前述第1及第2顯示層之顯示影像資料， 使對應於前述輸入影像資料之顯示色調呈大致固定且不受 到前述溫度影響。 發明之效果 10 200816109 根據本發明，可實現具有良好顯示品質之顯示元件、 具有該元件之顯示系統及影像處理方法。 圖式之簡單說明 第1圖係顯示使用膽固醇液晶之一般液晶顯示元件的 5 反射光譜之一例。 第2圖係顯示使用膽固醇液晶之一般液晶顯示元件的 反射光譜之一例。 第3圖係顯示使用膽固醇液晶之一般液晶顯示元件的 反射光譜之一例。 10 第4圖係顯示使用膽固醇液晶之一般液晶顯示元件的 温度與在垂直螺旋狀態下的反射率之關係。 第5圖係顯示某液晶顯示元件在水平螺旋狀態下的反 射光譜。 第6(a)、（b)圖係顯示本發明第1實施型態之原理。 15 第7圖係顯示R、G、B各層的反射光譜之模式圖。 第8(a)、（b)圖係本發明第1實施型態所使用的修正方法 之一例之說明圖。 第9(a)、（b)圖係本發明第1實施型態所使用的修正方法 之一例之說明圖。 20 第10(a)、（b)圖係本發明第1實施型態所使用的修正方 法之另一例之說明圖。 第11(a)、（b)圖係本發明第1實施型態所使用的修正方 法之另一例之說明圖。 第12圖係顯示本發明第1實施型態的顯示元件之概略 11 200816109 結構之方塊圖。 . 第13圖係模式性的顯示本發明以實施型態的顯示元 件結構之截面圖。 第14⑻（b)圖係顯示儲存於影像修正之修正係數 5 的育料結構之例。 第15⑷（b)圖係顯示施加於信號電極之1個選擇期間 分的電壓波形。 弟16(a) (b)圖係顯示施加於掃插電極之η固選擇期間 分的電壓波形。 θ 10 第17(a) (b)圖係顯示施加於像素的液晶層之1個選擇 期間分的電壓波形。 第18圖係顯示膽固醇液晶的電壓_反射率特性之一例。 第19圖係顯示影像修正LUT之變化例。 第20圖係顯示本發明第2實施型態的顯示系統之概略 15 結構之方塊圖。 第21(a)、（b)圖係顯示使用膽固醇液晶之液晶顯示元件 的截面構造之模式圖。 第22圖係顯示使用膽固醇液晶之彩色液晶顯示元件的 截面構造之模式圖。 20 第23圖係顯示具有積層結構之液晶顯示元件的反射光 譜之一例。 I：實施方式3 實施發明之最佳型態 〔第1實施型態〕 12 200816109 使用第1圖至第19圖說明本發明第1實施型態之顯示元 件及影像處理方法。首先，說明作為本實施型態的前提之 習知顯示元件的問題點。使用膽固醇液晶之習知彩色液晶 顯示元件，具有液晶層的選擇性反射特性等隨著溫度變 5 化，因而造成顯示色調（色度或彩度）變化之問題，且顯示色 調變化之第1原因為水平螺旋狀態的液晶層之反射波長溫 度所引起的轉換。第1圖係顯示使用膽固醇液晶之一般液晶 顯示元件在水平螺旋狀態的反射光譜之例，且橫軸表示波 長(nm)，而縱軸表示反射率（〇/〇)。曲線ai、bl、cl表示同一 10 液晶顯示元件之反射光譜。曲線al表示在室温(例如，25°C) 下的反射光譜，且曲線bl表示在低於室溫之低溫（例如，0 °C)下的反射光譜，而曲線cl表示在高於室温之高溫(例如， 50 C)下的反射光譜。如第1圖所示，可知該液晶顯示元件 之反射光譜越靠近低溫越轉換波長至短波長側，而越靠近 15 南溫越轉換波長至長波長側。 第2圖係顯示使用別的膽固醇液晶之液晶顯示元件在 水平螺旋狀態的反射光譜之例◦曲線a2表示在室溫下的反 射光譜，且曲線b2表示在低於室溫之低溫下的反射光譜， 而曲線c2表示在高於室溫之高溫下的反射光譜。如第2圖所 20 示，可知該液晶顯示元件之反射光譜越靠近低溫越轉換波 長至長波長側，而越靠近高溫越轉換波長至短波長側。 如此，膽固醇液晶既有越靠近低溫，選擇性反射光的 波長頻帶越轉換至短波長側之材料’亦有反之越靠近低 溫，選擇性反射光的波長頻帶越轉換至長波長側之材料。 13 200816109 此種波長轉換之原因，可能是液晶的螺距卩之溫度所引起的 變化。 錄頁不色调變化之第2原因為使用膽固醇液晶之液晶顯 不元件的反射光譜之半值振幅的溫度變化，而第3圖係顯示 5使用膽固醇液晶之液晶顯示元件在水平螺旋狀態的反射光 譜之例。曲線a3表示在室溫下的反射光譜，且曲線^表示 在低於室溫之低溫下的反射光譜，而曲線〇3表示在高於室 溫之高溫下的反射光譜。如第3圖所示，反射光譜之半值振 幅係越靠近低溫者越寬。因此，使用膽固醇液晶之顯示元 10件的色純度，一般會隨著溫度越低而降低並隨著溫度越高 而提问。其原因可能是液晶的折射率異向性△ n之溫度所引 起的變化。溫度降低時，液晶的折射率異向性增加， 故，可推测在水平螺旋狀態中的反射光譜之半值振幅變 寬，並且色純度降低。 15 折射率異向性An之變化亦會影響到垂直螺旋狀態。當 溫度降低且折射率異向性增加時，垂直螺旋狀態下的光 散射會增加。第4圖係顯示溫度與在垂直螺旋狀態的液晶層 下之光反射率之關係。橫軸表示溫度(。c)，而縱軸表示反射 率(％)。如第4圖所示，越靠近低溫時，在垂直螺旋狀態下 20的光散射越增加，故反射率亦會上升。因此，於例如具有 積層R、G、B各色的液晶層結構之彩色液晶顯示元件中， 在垂直螺旋狀態的其他液晶層之散射光會作為雜訊添加至 在水平螺旋狀態的液晶層之反射光中，而使得低溫下的色 純度越來越低。 14 200816109 專利文獻2係揭示參照作為液晶顯示元件的明亮度之γ 值，並藉由調變驅動脈衝之波高值或脈衝寬度使該γ值呈固 定且不受溫度影響，以進行溫度補償之方法。但，該方法 具有下述缺點。第5圖係顯示某液晶顯示元件在水平螺旋狀 5態下的反射光譜。橫軸表示波長(nm)，而縱軸表示反射率 (%)。曲線b4表示在低溫下的反射光譜，且曲線以表示在高 溫下的反射光譜，而曲線(1表示視感度曲線。如第5圖所示， 液晶層之反射波長頻帶係如在低溫下轉換至短波長側，並 ^ 在高溫下轉換至長波長側。在此，當從視感度曲線d的中央 10轉換至短波長側之低温下的轉換量S1，與從視感度曲線d 的中央轉換至長波長侧之高溫下的轉換量S2相等時，低溫 下的Y值與高溫下的γ值會大致相等。然而，即使丫值相等， 亦會因低溫時與高溫時的波長轉換方向不同，使得顯示色 調不同因此，即使參照¥值進行溫度補償，亦無法抑制色 15 調的變動。 φ 除鈾述者外，亦知有修正液晶顯示元件的亮度值或白 色平衡之方法。 專敝獻3係揭示_查表(LUT)修正正f自色模式的 透射型液晶顯示裝置之白色平衡之方法。但，該方法並未 考慮溫度所引起的液晶㈠寺性之變動，故無法抑制色調變 化。 專利文獻4_示使賤光/向列型（_醇）液晶之雙 層結構的液晶顯示裝置。在該液晶顯示裝置中，係轉換可 反射短波長側的光之液晶層的選擇性反射最大波長及可反 15 200816109 =:的光之液晶層的選擇性反射最大波長，使該等 声=：：度心互剔。藉^不受到周邊溫 ^曰下只現焉明亮度且高對比之顯示。但，對雙層液晶 =:最大波長進行此種轉換時，會難以_ 巴于銜；抑制色調變化。 ㈣專利文獻5係與專利文獻3相同，揭示根據lut修正透200816109 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a display element, a display system having the same, and a 5 image processing method. [Previously ^^ Xuan] Background Art In recent years, electronic paper development has been actively carried out among enterprises and universities. The electronic paper is headed by an electronic book, and is expected to be applied to the display portion of the mobile terminal 10 or the display portion of the 1C card. The liquid crystal display element using cholesteric liquid is one of the powerful display modes of electronic paper, and the liquid crystal display element using cholesteric liquid crystal has semi-permanent display maintenance characteristics (memory), vivid bright color display characteristics, and high Excellent characteristics such as contrast characteristics and high resolution characteristics. The cholesteric liquid crystal is obtained by adding more than 15 (tens of °/〇) optically active additives (optical materials) to the nematic liquid crystal, and may also be referred to as an optical/nematic liquid crystal. The cholesteric liquid crystal can form a strong entanglement of the nematic liquid crystal molecules into a helical bile-alcohol phase, and the incident light is subjected to interference reflection. The display element using the cholesteric liquid crystal is displayed by controlling the orientation state of the liquid crystal molecules of each pixel. The directional state of the cholesteric liquid crystal has a horizontal spiral state and a vertical spiral state, and these states are stable even in the absence of an electric field. The liquid crystal layer in the vertical spiral state transmits light, and the liquid crystal layer in the horizontal spiral state selectively reflects light of a specific wavelength corresponding to the pitch of the liquid crystal molecules. 5 200816109 Fig. 21 is a schematic view showing a cross-sectional structure of a liquid crystal display element using cholesteric liquid crystal, and Fig. 21(a) shows a cross-sectional structure of a liquid crystal display element in a horizontal spiral state, and Fig. 21(b) shows a vertical spiral The cross-sectional configuration of the liquid crystal display element in the state. As shown in Figs. 21(a) and (b), the liquid crystal display element 5 146 has a pair of substrates 147 and 149, and a liquid crystal layer 143 formed by sealing a cholesteric liquid crystal between the substrates 147 and 149. As shown in Fig. 21(a), the liquid crystal molecules 133 in the horizontal spiral state form a spiral structure in which the helical axis is substantially perpendicular to the substrate surface, and the liquid crystal layer 143 in the horizontal spiral state selectively reflects the pitch of the corresponding liquid crystal molecules 133. Pre-determined 10 wavelength light. Therefore, the liquid crystal layer 143 of a certain pixel can be made into a bright state by being in a horizontal spiral state. When the average refractive index of the liquid crystal is n and the pitch is p, the maximum wavelength λ of reflection is represented by λ = η · p. The anti-radio frequency width Δ λ becomes larger as the refractive index anisotropy Δ η of the liquid crystal. On the other hand, as shown in Fig. 21(b), the liquid crystal 15 molecules 33 in the vertical spiral state form a spiral structure in which the helical axis is substantially parallel to the substrate surface, and the liquid crystal layer 143 in the vertical spiral state can transmit a large amount of incident light. Light. Therefore, the liquid crystal layer 143 of a certain pixel can be made dark in a vertical spiral state, and when the visible light absorbing layer is disposed on the back side of the lower substrate 149, darkness can be displayed in a vertical spiral state. [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2005-196062 Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. A schematic view showing a cross-sectional structure of five general-purpose liquid crystal display elements using cholesteric liquid crystal. As shown in Fig. 22, the color liquid crystal display element has the following structure: for example, a liquid crystal layer (blue layer) 101B showing blue (B) and a liquid crystal layer (green layer) showing green (G). The order of 1G and the liquid crystal layer (red layer) 1〇1r showing red (8) is laminated from the display surface side (upper in the figure). In general, a liquid crystal layer having a higher content of the optically active material can reflect light having a shorter wavelength. That is, in the case of the color liquid crystal display element as shown in Fig. 22, the liquid crystal layer 101B contains the most optically active material, and the liquid crystal molecules are strongly twisted to shorten the pitch. Further, in general, the liquid crystal layer having a higher rotatory material content rate has a higher driving voltage. Fig. 23 is a view showing an example of a reflection spectrum of a liquid crystal display element. The horizontal axis 15 represents the wavelength (ηπι), and the vertical axis represents the reflectance (%). The curve connecting the ▲ marks indicates the reflection spectrum of the liquid crystal layer 101, and the curve of the connection mark indicates the reflection spectrum of the liquid crystal layer 101G, and the curve of the ♦ mark indicates the reflection spectrum of the liquid crystal layer 101R. The liquid crystal layer in the horizontal spiral state is reflected by the circularly polarized light on either side of the left and right sides. Therefore, the theoretical maximum value of the reflectance is 20 50% ' and is actually about 40%. Thus, the liquid crystal layers 101R, 101G, and 101 can be respectively reflected by selecting the respective colors of r, 〇, and β by the difference in pitch of the liquid crystal molecules. Thereby, the liquid crystal display element having a structure in which three liquid crystal layers 1〇1R, 1〇1G, and 101B are laminated can be displayed in color. However, in the display element 7 200816109 having the above-described laminated structure and capable of displaying color, even if the same image is to be displayed, the display hue may be changed due to the surrounding environment. Therefore, there is a problem in that even a display element having a laminated structure does not necessarily have a good display quality. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a display element having good display quality, a display system having the same, and an image processing method. Means for Solving the Problems The above object can be attained by a display device including a display portion having a first display layer capable of displaying a first spectrum and a layer on the first display layer The second spectrum in which the first spectrum is located on the longer wavelength side of 10; the temperature detecting unit detects the temperature in the vicinity of the display unit; and the control unit displays the image based on the input image data and the temperature. The display image data of the first and second display layers is such that the display color tone corresponding to the input image data is substantially fixed and is not affected by the temperature. In the display device of the present invention, the control unit has a look-up table, and the look-up table corrects the input image data based on the temperature, and stores a correction coefficient for generating the displayed image data. In the display device of the present invention, the control unit has a look-up table, and the look-up table stores the display image data corresponding to the input image data and the temperature. In the display element of the present invention described above, the scale width of the aforementioned temperature of the look-up table is as fine as it is closer to the low temperature side. In the display device of the present invention, the control unit generates the image data of the display 8 200816109 by using the input image data and the function of the temperature. In the display device of the present invention, the control unit generates the display image data in consideration of the overlapping portions of the first and second spectra. In the display element of the present invention described above, the lower the temperature is, the longer the application time of the electrical signal applied to the display layer is _5. In the display device of the present invention, the application time of the electric signal is changed in accordance with the scale width of the temperature of the look-up table. In the display device of the present invention, the display portion further includes an accumulation layer on the first and second display layers, and is capable of displaying the first spectral position 10 on the longer wavelength side and opposite to the second spectrum The third display layer of the third spectrum on the shorter wavelength side, in addition, the first display layer displays blue, and the second display layer displays red, and the third display layer displays green. In the display device of the present invention, the first, third, and second display layers are laminated in the order described above from the display surface side. In the display element of the present invention described above, the first to third display layers have memory properties. In the display element of the present invention, the first to third display layers have liquid crystals which form a cholesterol phase. In the display device of the present invention, the color tone formed by the first, second, and third light 20 spectra has a color tone that is enhanced by temperature, and the control unit generates the display image data to obtain the color tone. It is equivalent to show that the grayscale value is lower than the display grayscale value of other tones. In the display device of the present invention, the optical direction of the third display layer is different from the optical rotation directions of the first and second display layers. 9 200816109 The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by providing an electronic terminal of the aforementioned display element of the present invention. The foregoing object can be achieved by a display system including a display unit, a temperature 5 k measuring unit, and a shipping receiving unit, and a display unit including a display unit and a display information transmitting unit. a first display layer of the first spectrum and a second display layer laminated on the first display layer and capable of displaying a second spectrum on the longer wavelength side with respect to the first spectrum, and the temperature detecting portion The temperature in the vicinity of the display portion can be detected, and the transmitting and receiving unit can transmit the temperature information and receive the display image data displayed on the 10th and second display layers. Further, the display information transmitting apparatus includes a transmitting and receiving unit and a control unit, and the transmitting and receiving unit can receive the temperature information from the display device and transmit the display image data to the display element, and the control The system generates the display image data according to the input image data and the temperature, so that the display color tone corresponding to the input image data 15 is substantially fixed and is not affected by the temperature. The above object can be achieved by the following image processing method, and the image processing method includes the steps of detecting a temperature in the vicinity of a display portion in which the first display layer and the second display layer are provided, and the first display layer can be displayed. a first spectrum, wherein the second display layer is laminated on the first display layer and can display a second spectrum on the longer wavelength side of the spectrum of the second work 20; and is displayed on the first image based on the input image data and the temperature And display image data of the second display layer, so that the display color tone corresponding to the input image data is substantially fixed and is not affected by the temperature. EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION 10 200816109 According to the present invention, a display element having good display quality, a display system having the same, and an image processing method can be realized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a view showing an example of a reflection spectrum of a general liquid crystal display element using cholesteric liquid crystal. Fig. 2 is a view showing an example of a reflection spectrum of a general liquid crystal display element using cholesteric liquid crystal. Fig. 3 is a view showing an example of a reflection spectrum of a general liquid crystal display element using cholesteric liquid crystal. 10 Fig. 4 shows the relationship between the temperature of a general liquid crystal display element using cholesteric liquid crystal and the reflectance in a vertical spiral state. Fig. 5 is a view showing a reflection spectrum of a liquid crystal display element in a horizontal spiral state. The sixth (a) and (b) drawings show the principle of the first embodiment of the present invention. 15 Figure 7 shows a schematic diagram of the reflection spectra of the R, G, and B layers. Figs. 8(a) and 8(b) are explanatory views showing an example of a correction method used in the first embodiment of the present invention. Figs. 9(a) and 9(b) are explanatory views showing an example of a correction method used in the first embodiment of the present invention. 20 (a) and (b) are explanatory views showing another example of the correction method used in the first embodiment of the present invention. 11(a) and 11(b) are explanatory views showing another example of the correction method used in the first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 12 is a block diagram showing the structure of a display element according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a display element in an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 14(8)(b) shows an example of the breeding structure stored in the correction coefficient 5 of the image correction. The 15th (4)th (b)th diagram shows the voltage waveform applied to one selected period of the signal electrode. The 16th (a) and (b) diagrams show the voltage waveforms applied to the η-fixed period of the sweep electrode. θ 10 Fig. 17(a)(b) shows the voltage waveform of one selected period of the liquid crystal layer applied to the pixel. Fig. 18 is a view showing an example of voltage-reflectance characteristics of a cholesteric liquid crystal. Fig. 19 shows a variation of the image correction LUT. Fig. 20 is a block diagram showing the outline of the display system of the second embodiment of the present invention. 21(a) and (b) are schematic views showing a cross-sectional structure of a liquid crystal display element using cholesteric liquid crystal. Fig. 22 is a schematic view showing a sectional structure of a color liquid crystal display element using cholesteric liquid crystal. Fig. 23 is a view showing an example of a reflection spectrum of a liquid crystal display element having a laminated structure. I: Embodiment 3 BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION [First Embodiment] 12 200816109 A display element and an image processing method according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Figs. 1 to 19 . First, a problem of a conventional display element which is a premise of this embodiment will be described. A conventional color liquid crystal display element using a cholesteric liquid crystal has a problem that the selective reflection characteristic of the liquid crystal layer changes with temperature, thereby causing a problem of change in display hue (chromaticity or chroma), and displaying the first cause of color tone change. The conversion caused by the reflection wavelength temperature of the liquid crystal layer in a horizontal spiral state. Fig. 1 shows an example of a reflection spectrum of a general liquid crystal display element using a cholesteric liquid crystal in a horizontal spiral state, and the horizontal axis represents the wavelength (nm), and the vertical axis represents the reflectance (〇/〇). The curves ai, bl, and cl represent the reflection spectra of the same 10 liquid crystal display elements. The curve a1 represents a reflection spectrum at room temperature (for example, 25 ° C), and the curve bl represents a reflection spectrum at a low temperature (for example, 0 ° C) lower than room temperature, and the curve cl represents a high temperature above room temperature. The reflection spectrum (for example, 50 C). As shown in Fig. 1, it is understood that the reflection spectrum of the liquid crystal display element shifts to the short wavelength side as it approaches the low temperature, and the wavelength shifts to the longer wavelength side as it approaches the south temperature. Fig. 2 is a view showing a reflection spectrum of a liquid crystal display element using another cholesteric liquid crystal in a horizontal spiral state. The curve a2 indicates a reflection spectrum at room temperature, and the curve b2 indicates a reflection spectrum at a low temperature lower than room temperature. And curve c2 represents the reflection spectrum at a high temperature above room temperature. As shown in Fig. 2, it can be seen that the reflection spectrum of the liquid crystal display element shifts to the long wavelength side as it approaches the low temperature, and the wavelength shifts to the short wavelength side as it approaches the high temperature. Thus, the cholesteric liquid crystal has a material which is shifted to the short wavelength side as the wavelength band of the selectively reflected light shifts to the shorter wavelength side, and the wavelength band of the selectively reflected light shifts to the longer wavelength side. 13 200816109 The reason for this wavelength conversion may be the change caused by the temperature of the liquid crystal pitch 卩. The second reason for the non-tone change of the recorded page is the temperature change of the half-value amplitude of the reflection spectrum of the liquid crystal display element using the cholesteric liquid crystal, and the third figure shows the reflection spectrum of the liquid crystal display element using the cholesteric liquid crystal in the horizontal spiral state. An example. The curve a3 represents the reflection spectrum at room temperature, and the curve ^ represents the reflection spectrum at a low temperature lower than room temperature, and the curve 〇3 represents the reflection spectrum at a high temperature higher than the room temperature. As shown in Fig. 3, the half-value amplitude of the reflection spectrum is wider as it approaches the lower temperature. Therefore, the color purity of the display element using cholesteric liquid crystals generally decreases as the temperature is lower and questions as the temperature is higher. The reason may be a change caused by the temperature of the refractive index anisotropy Δ n of the liquid crystal. When the temperature is lowered, the refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal is increased. Therefore, it is presumed that the half-value amplitude of the reflection spectrum in the horizontal spiral state is widened, and the color purity is lowered. 15 The change in refractive index anisotropy An also affects the vertical spiral state. When the temperature is lowered and the refractive index anisotropy is increased, the light scattering in the vertical spiral state is increased. Fig. 4 shows the relationship between the temperature and the light reflectance under the liquid crystal layer in the vertical spiral state. The horizontal axis represents temperature (.c), and the vertical axis represents reflectance (%). As shown in Fig. 4, the closer to the low temperature, the more the light scattering in the vertical spiral state increases, so the reflectance also rises. Therefore, in a color liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal layer structure in which the colors of the layers R, G, and B are laminated, for example, the scattered light of the other liquid crystal layer in the vertical spiral state is added as noise to the reflected light of the liquid crystal layer in the horizontal spiral state. Medium, so that the color purity at low temperatures is getting lower and lower. 14 200816109 Patent Document 2 discloses a method of performing temperature compensation by referring to a γ value of brightness of a liquid crystal display element and fixing the γ value by a wave height value or a pulse width of a modulation drive pulse without being affected by temperature. . However, this method has the following disadvantages. Fig. 5 is a view showing a reflection spectrum of a liquid crystal display element in a horizontal spiral state. The horizontal axis represents the wavelength (nm), and the vertical axis represents the reflectance (%). Curve b4 shows the reflection spectrum at a low temperature, and the curve shows the reflection spectrum at a high temperature, and the curve (1 indicates a visual sensitivity curve. As shown in Fig. 5, the reflection wavelength band of the liquid crystal layer is converted to a low temperature as shown in Fig. 5 On the short-wavelength side, and at the high temperature, it is switched to the long-wavelength side. Here, when the conversion amount S1 at the low temperature from the center 10 of the visual sensitivity curve d to the short-wavelength side is switched, and from the center of the visual sensitivity curve d to When the conversion amount S2 at a high temperature on the long wavelength side is equal, the Y value at a low temperature and the γ value at a high temperature are substantially equal. However, even if the enthalpy values are equal, the wavelength conversion direction at a low temperature and a high temperature is different. Since the display color is different, even if the temperature compensation is performed with reference to the ¥ value, the fluctuation of the color 15 adjustment cannot be suppressed. φ In addition to the uranium, a method of correcting the brightness value or white balance of the liquid crystal display element is also known. A method for correcting the white balance of a transmissive liquid crystal display device of positive f color mode is disclosed. However, this method does not consider the variation of the liquid crystal (1) temple caused by temperature, so the color cannot be suppressed. Patent Document 4 discloses a liquid crystal display device having a two-layer structure of a calender/nematic liquid crystal. In the liquid crystal display device, a selectivity of a liquid crystal layer which can reflect light on a short wavelength side is converted. The maximum wavelength of the reflection and the maximum wavelength of the selective reflection of the liquid crystal layer of the light can be reversed, so that the sounds are equal to each other, and the brightness is high. The display of the contrast. However, when this conversion is performed for the double-layer liquid crystal=:maximum wavelength, it is difficult to suppress the color tone change. (4) Patent Document 5 is the same as Patent Document 3, and discloses that the correction is based on lut.
專利文獻6係揭示根據溫度感測器所測出之溫度，參照 LUT來修正rgb影像作驊之枯併缺 曰+〜 感唬之技術。然而，該技術係根據液 曰曰技衫機之燈部温度來修正RGB料信號，故，並未考慮 :出的燈部溫度及液晶顯示元件的實際溫度之間在時間與 空間亡的相異點。又，該技術係與透射型液晶投影機相關， 故在前提上與本案不同。 =顯㈣置之方法，，該方法亦未考慮溫度所引 的液曰曰7特性之變動，故無法抑制色調變化。 15 本發明人係在具積層結構的彩色顯示元件中，考量用 以解決顯示色調因溫度產生變化的問題點之技術。第6圖係 顯示本實施型態之原理。第6(a)圖係積層有R、G、β3層顯 不層之積層結構的彩色液晶顯示元件利用灰階標度顯示之 反射光譜。曲線a5表示在室溫下的反射光譜，而曲線“表 2〇示在低溫下的反射光譜。如第6(a)圖所示，低溫時反射光譜 會整體轉換至短波長侧(在第6(a)圖中以箭頭表示波長轉換 方向），且灰階標度顯示f的灰色平衡崩解並且整體變成帶 有藍色之顯示。即，該例係3層顯示層的反射光譜皆在低溫 下轉換至短波長側。 16 200816109 本實施型態係用以抑制前述溫度所引起的顯示色調變 化，而根據儲存於LUT之修正資訊修正輸入影像資料或驅 動波形。第6(b)圖係顯示修正前後的低溫下之反射光譜。第 6(b)圖之曲線b5與第6(a)圖之曲線b5對應，並顯示修正前的 5 低溫下之反射光譜，而曲線e5顯示修正後的反射光譜。又， 曲線e6〜e8係分別顯示在較低灰階的灰階標度顯示中的修 正後之反射光譜。 如第6(b)圖所示，根據修正資訊使例如短波長側之反射 率如圖中箭頭所示地降低至適當範圍，可修正顯示的灰色 10 平衡並抑制色調變化。例如，本實施型態係藉由降低顯示B 的顯示層之顯示灰階值，來降低短波長侧之反射率。 儲存於LUT之修正資訊含有關於積層的各顯示層之顏 色資訊的相互關係之資訊。在此，說明各顯示層之顏色資 訊的相互關係。第7圖係分別顯示R、G、B各顯示層的反射 15 光譜之模式圖。橫軸表示波長(nm)，而縱軸表示反射率 (%)。曲線R1表示顯示R的顯示層（R層）之反射光譜，且曲線 G1表示顯示G的顯示層（G層）之反射光譜，而曲線B1表示顯 示B的顯示層（B層）之反射光譜，並且曲線d表示視感度曲 線。如第7圖所示，當R、G、B各層之反射光譜重疊顯示時， 20 會形成反射光譜互相重複之重複部分。例如，在R層的反射 光譜上具有與G層的反射光譜重複之重複部分Lrg、及與G 層及B層的反射光譜重複之重複部分Lrgb。具有重複部分 Lrg、Lrgb表示R層的反射光含有G或B的無用顏色成分。同 樣地，在G層的反射光譜上具有與R層的反射光譜重複之重 17 200816109 複部分Lrg、與R層及B層的反射光譜重複之重複部*Lrgb、 及與B層的反射光譜重複之重複部分Lgb。因此，G層的反 射光含有R或B的無用顏色成分。又，在b層的反射光譜上 具有與R層及G層的反射光譜重複之重複部分Lrgb、及與G 5層的反射光譜重複之重複部分Lgb。因此，b層的反射光含 有R或G的無用顏色成分。螺距p或折射率異向性Δη之溫度 所引起的變化亦會影響到此種無用的顏色成分。 本實施型態係除了修正受到螺距ρ或折射率異向性Δη 之溫度變化影響的反射光譜本身以外，亦會配合需要進行 10考慮到R、G、Β各層的反射光譜之重複部分之修正。 在此’說明本實施型態所使用的修正方法之一例。第8 圖及第9圖係本實施型態所使用的修正方法之一例之說明 圖。首先’要事先求得輸入影像資料與根據該輸入影像資 料的實際顯示之對應。第8(a)圖係顯示輸入影像資料與根據 15該輸入影像資料之室溫下的實際顯示之關係，而第8(b)圖係 顯不輸入影像貧料與根據該輸入影像資料之低溫下的實際 顯示之關係。在此，輸入影像資料之RGB值表示為(R_data、 G 一 data、B_data)，而在顯示畫面實際輸出的顯示色調進行 模擬替換後的RGB值則表示為（R_〇ut、G_〇ut、B_out)。 2〇 如第8(a)圖所示，使用預定的3x3矩陣表示輸入影像資 料之RGB值與輸出至顯示畫面之模擬顯示的值之關 係。在顯示畫面所顯示的紅色中，例如90%為R層之反射成 分，而10%為G層之反射成分。同樣地，在顯示晝面所顯示 的綠色中，例如90%為G層之反射成分，而5%為B層之反射 18 200816109 成分，且5%為R層之反射成分。在顯示晝面所顯示的藍色 中，例如90%為B層之反射成分，而7%為G層之反射成分， 且3%為R層之反射成分。矩陣各要素之行方向（在第8(a)圖 中分別以虛橢圓線圍住）的合計值在R行（第1行）、G行（第2 5 行)、B行（第3行)分別形成為1。 另一方面，在低溫下液晶的物性值變化會使得各層的 反射光譜轉換至短波長側，故，反射成分之比率會如第8(b) 圖所示地變動。R層的反射光譜及G層的反射光譜會分別轉 換至短波長側（藍色側），故，例如在顯示晝面所顯示的紅色 10中，R層的反射成分相對於室溫時的90%減少為85%，而G 層的反射成分相對於室溫時的10%減少為5%。又，在顯示 畫面所顯示的綠色中，R層的反射成分由於前述轉換分的增 加而相對於室溫時的5%增加為1〇%，且在顯示的綠色中， G層的反射成分由於G層的反射光譜轉換至藍色側而相對 I5於至日$的90減少為85% ’並且在顯示的綠色中，b層的 反射成分亦同樣地相對於室溫時的5%減少為0%。而在顯示 畫面所顯示的藍色中，R層的反射成分由於前述轉換分的增 加而相對於室溫時的3%增加為7%，且G層的反射成分亦由 於前述轉換分的增加而相對於室溫時的7%增加為，並 20在顯示的藍色中，B層的反射成分由於b層的反射光譜轉換 至紫外線方向而相對於室溫時的9〇%減少為85%。 如第8(b)圖所示，矩陣各要素之行方向（在第8(b)圖中分 別以虛橢圓線圍住）的合計值在r、G、b各行分別形成為 0·90、0.95、1·〇5。即，B行的合計值最大，故，在低溫下 19 200816109 灰色平衡會偏往藍色方向而形成整體帶有藍色之顯示。 為了對室溫中的顏色平衡崩解進行修正，係以使用根 據反射光譜的傾向而得之前述3x3矩陣的反矩陣作為修正 係數較為簡便。即，如第9⑷圖所示，藉由取得輸入影像資 5料（貫際欲顯示於顯示晝面之色調的RGB值）(r out、 G—〇m、B__out)與第8⑷圖所示矩陣之反矩陣(修正矩陣)的乘 積，可修正輪入影像資料並取得欲輸出至顯示部之顯示影 像資訊(R_data、G_data、B_data)。根據所得之顯示影像資 訊進行寫入，可修正反射光譜重複所引起的顏色渾濁，而 1〇得到良好的顯示品質。 要修正低温下帶有藍色之顯示時，可如第9(的圖所示， 藉由取得輸人影像資離-_、G—_、B-_)與第购圖 所不3x3矩陣之反矩陣(修正矩陣）的乘積，而得到欲輸出至 顯示部之顯示影像資data、G—data、B—细）。在此， 15第9⑻圖所示修正矩陣的各要素之行方向的合計值，分別在 R G B各行形成為！ u、」〇4、〇 %。即可知時的合 计值最小，故，要進行修正使B層的顯示灰階值降低，以抑 制低/皿中的灰色平衡偏往藍色方向。根據該顯示影像資訊 進行寫入，可抑制波長轉換所引起的灰色平衡偏向，而得 20到良好的顯示品質。 接著H兄明未考慮到R、G、B各層的反射光譜之 重複。P刀之情形，作為本實施型態所使用的修正方法之另 、、例第1_及第11圖係說明本實施型態所使用的修正方 法之另^列f先，要事先求得輸入影像資料與根據該輸 20 200816109 入影像資料的實際顯示之對應。第10(a)圖係顯示輸入影像 資料與根據該輸入影像資料之室溫下的實際顯示之關係， 而第10(b)圖係顯示輸入影像資料與根據該輸入影像資料之 低溫下的實際顯示之關係。 5 如第1〇0)圖所示，本例係將在室温下顯示晝面所顯示 之紅色的100%視為R層的反射成分。同樣地，將顯示畫面 所顯示之綠色的100%視為G層的反射成分，並將所顯示之 監色的100%視為B層的反射成分。在室溫中，矩陣的各要 素在行方向的合計值分別於R、G、B各行形成為i。 10 另一方面，在低溫下，如第10(b)圖所示，矩陣的各要 素在行方向的合計值分別於R、G、B各行形成為0·90、0·95、 1·05。即，Β行的合計值最大，故，在低溫下灰色平衡會偏 往藍色方向而形成整體帶有藍色之顯示。 如第11(a)圖所示，藉由取得輸入影像資料(R_〇ut、 15 G-0llt、B一0ut)與第10⑷圖所示矩陣之反矩陣的乘積，可得 到欲輸出至顯示部之顯示影像資訊（R_data、G_data、 B—data)。本例中的3x3矩陣為單位矩陣，故反矩陣與原本的 矩陣相等。因此，本例並不進行室溫下的輸入影像資料之 實質修正。 20 另一方面，在低溫下，如第11(b)圖所示，藉由取得輸 入影像資料(R—out、G-〇iit、B_out)與第丨0(b)圖所示矩陣之 反矩陣(修正矩陣）的乘積，可得到欲輸出至顯示部之顯示影 像貢訊(R一data、G—data、B—data)·。如第11(b)圖所示，修正 矩陣的各要素在行方向的合計值分別於R、G、B各行形成 21 200816109 為u卜。即，_的合計值最小，故，可知低 溫中的灰色平衡之偏往藍色方向業已修正。但，本例並未 考慮與其他顯示層之間的相互關係1，容易過度修正顏 色，且修正精準度並不夠高。 5 α上’已舉出兩以求得修正顏色㈣修正係數之 方法，但本實施型態所使用的修正方法並不限於該兩例。 本實施型態亦可使用對溫度所弓丨起的水平螺旋狀態下之波 長轉換變化、及溫度所引起的折射率異向性之變化進行 修正等各種修正方法。又，修正時最好要考慮與其他顯示 10層之間的相互關係。 接著，說明本實施型態之顯示元件、電子紙及影像處 理方法。第12圖係顯示本實施型態的顯示元件之概略結構 之方塊圖，而第13圖係模式性的顯示本實施型態的顯示元 件結構之截面圖。如第12圖及第13圖所示，顯示元件（液晶 15顯不兀件)設有具記憶性之顯示部38。顯示部38具有下述結 構·依照顯示Β之顯示層39Β、顯示G之顯示層39G及顯示R 之顯示層39R之順序從顯示面侧（第13圖中上方）開始積 層。又，可配合需要在顯示層39R的裏面侧（第丨3圖中下方） 設置可見光吸收層40。 20 各顯示層39R、39G、39Β具有透過密封材44而貼合之 一對基板42、43。基板42、43係例如雙方皆具有可透過可 見光之透光性。基板42、43可使用採用玻璃基板、聚對苯 二甲酸乙二酯（PET ; PolyEthylene Terephthalate)或聚石炭酸 酯(PC ; Polycarbonate)等具有高度可撓性之膜片基板。 22 200816109 在基板42面對基板43之面上，形成有多數大致互相平 行延伸之帶狀掃描電極48。又，在基板43面對基板42之面 上，形成有多數大致互相平行延伸之帶狀信號電極5〇。而 為Q-VGA頒示層時’則形成如24〇條的掃描電極48及32〇條 5的彳"號包極50。垂直地觀察基板面時，掃描電極48與信號 龟極50係互相父叉地延伸。掃描電極仙與信號電極⑽交叉 之多數領域係配置成矩陣狀之多數像素領域。掃描電極48 與信號電極50係使用如銦錫氧化物(IT〇; Indium Tin 〇xide) 而形成者，且亦可使用銦鋅氧化物(IZ〇; Indium石沉 10等透明導電膜或非晶石夕等形成掃描電極48與信號電極。 取好在掃描電極4 8及信號電極5 〇上塗布絕緣性薄膜或 定向穩定膜。絕緣性薄膜具有防止電極間的M路或作為氣 體障壁層阻斷氣體成分，以提高液晶顯示層的可靠性之機 能。而定向穩定膜適合使用聚醯亞胺樹脂或丙烯酸樹脂等 I5有機膜。本例係於掃描電極48、信號電極5〇上塗布定向穩 定膜(未圖示）。又，亦可兼用定向穩定膜與絕緣性薄膜。 基板42、43之間設有用以均一保持單元間距之間隔物 (未圖示）。在間隔物方面，可使用樹脂製或無機氧化物製之 球狀間隔物、表面塗布有熱可塑性樹脂之固接間隔物、使 20用光刻法形成於基板上的柱狀或壁狀間隔物等。 基板42、43間密封有在室溫下顯示膽固醇相之膽固醇 液晶組成物，並形成液晶層⑽示層)46。膽目賴晶組成物 係於向列型液晶混合物中添加1〇〜4〇^%之旋光材而製作 者。在此，旋光材添加量係向列型液晶與旋光材之合計量 23 200816109 為100wt%時之值。旋光材添加S較多時，向列型液晶分子 會由於受到強烈扭轉而縮短螺距，並在水平螺旋狀態下選 擇短波長光予以反射。相反地，旋光材添加量較少時螺距 會變長，並在水平螺旋狀態下選擇長波長光予以反射。顯 5示層39R之液晶層46係在水平螺旋狀態下選擇r波長光反 射，且顯示層39G之液晶層46係在水平螺旋狀態下選擇〇波 長光反射，而顯示層39B之液晶層46係在水平螺旋狀態下選 擇B波長光反射。 溫度所引起的液晶波長轉換方向受到旋光材的影響相 10當大。例如，有選擇性反射波長隨著溫度上升而轉換至長 波長側之旋光材，亦有選擇性反射波長隨著溫度上升而轉 換至短波長側之旋光材。藉由混合波長轉換方向相反之旋 光材，可良好地抑制波長轉換，但仍然難以完全抑制波長 轉換。又，例如為具有R、G、B3層積層結構之顯示元件時， 15係以各液晶層的波長轉換方向相同者可利用較少的前述修 正里元成’因此較佳。 可使用周知的各種材料作為向列型液晶。膽固醇液晶 、且成物之’丨电常數異向性△ ε係以20〜50較佳。介電常數異 向性△ ε在20以上時，可抑制驅動電壓快速上升，故驅動 2〇 =路可使用便宜的通用零件。當膽固醇液晶組成物之介電 =數異向性△ £與前述範圍相比過低時，會造成驅動電壓 ，高。相反地，當介電常數異向性△ ε與前述範圍相比過 焉時’會降低顯示元件的穩定性或可靠性，而容易產生影 像缺陷或影像雜訊。 24 200816109 又’膽固醇液晶組成物之折射率異向性Δη係支配晝質 的重要物ί生值。折射率異向性△⑽大致在Η.24較佳， 當折射率異向性^小於該範圍時，水平螺旋狀態下的反射 率會降低，因而造成顯示亮度降低。相反地，當折射率显 5向性Δη大於該範圍時，垂直螺旋狀態下的光散射會變大、， 故色純度或對比降低並造成顯示模糊。膽固醇液晶組成物 之：比電阻值最好在，〜，Ω .咖之範圍…膽固醇 液晶組成物之黏度越低越可抑制低溫時的電壓上升或對比 降低，且膽固醇液晶組成物黏度最好相對於響應速度或定 10向狀悲的穩定性位於20〜120〇mPa · s之範圍。 本實施型態係使水平螺旋狀態中的顯示層3 9 G之液晶 層46的旋光性(旋光方向），與顯示層之液晶層仏 的旋光性不同。因此，在第7圖所示之β與G的反射光譜之 重疊領域、及G與R的反射光譜之重疊領域中，可於顯示層 15 39Β之液晶層46反射右圓偏振光之光，並於顯示層39G之液 晶層46反射左圓偏振光之光。藉此，可減低反射光之損失， 並提高液晶顯示元件的顯示晝面亮度。 又，液晶顯示元件係與STN模式之液晶顯示元件相 同，具有分別與顯示部38連接之掃描端的驅動1C及資料端 20 的驅動1C(第12圖係以1個驅動1C顯示）。本實施型態係使用 通用的STN驅動器作為該等驅動1C。在本實施型態之積層 有多數顯示層39R、39G、39Β的液晶顯示元件中，一般必 須在各層獨立設置資料端的驅動1C，而掃描端的驅動ic則 可各層共通使用。 25 200816109 又，液晶顯示元件具有未圖示之電源部。電源部係例 如具有DC-DC變換器，可使外部輸入的如直流3〜5V之電壓 升壓為驅動膽固醇液晶所需的直流3〇〜40V左右之電壓。此 外，電源部係使用升壓後的電壓，並因應各像素的灰階值 5或選擇/非選擇之區別來產生所需的多種等級電壓。而所產 生之電壓係藉由具有穩壓二極體或運算放大器之調整器而 穩定化，並供給至驅動IC20。 又，液晶顯示元件具有如設置在顯示部38附近之溫度 感測器2 7 (溫度檢測部）。溫度感測器2 7可檢測顯示部3 8附近 10 之溫度，並根據測出之溫度輸出溫度資料。 再者，液晶顯示元件具有設有運算部25及資料控制部 26之控制部29。運算部25係從外部輸入輸入影像資料，並 從溫度感測器27輸入顯示部38附近之溫度資料。又，溫度 資料亦可從外部輸入至運算部25，此時，可不需在液晶顯 15 示元件設置溫度感測器27。運算部25可根據輸入影像資料 及溫度資料產生用以顯示於顯示部38的各顯示層39R、 39G、39B之顯示影像資料，並輸出至資料控制部26。 溫度感測器27之輸出值係輸入至運算部25之解碼器 30 ’且解碼器30將溫度感測器27之輸出值變換成預定溫度 20 資料’並輸出至LUT選擇器31。溫度感測器27之輸出為數 位信號時’解碼器30會進行配合LUT選擇器之編碼，而溫 度感測器27之輪出為類比信號時，則要使解碼器3〇具有作 為A/D變換器之機能。lut選擇器31係從可儲存與顯示部38 附近溫度對應的修正係數之影像修正LUT32，根據解碼器 26 200816109 30所輸入之溫度選擇最合適之修正係數。 第14圖係顯示儲存於影像修正£^丁32之修正係數的資 料結構。如第14⑻圖所示，以3χ3矩陣表現的修正矩陣之第 1行各要素為R一r、R-g、R—b，且第2行各要素為G_r、G_g、 5 G—b，並且第3行各要素為b—Γ、B—g、B—b。此時，如第丨4⑻ 圖所示’修正矩陣之各要素R_r、R_g、Rj3、、G_g、 G—b、B—r、B—g、B—b係作為每個預定溫度範圍之修正係數 而儲存。本例係以-2CTC為最低溫度、以7(rc為最高溫度， 並將刻度寬度全部設為HTC，故，分割為9階段的溫度範 10圍。在此，雖然溫度T的刻度寬度變細時可提高修正精準 度，但會增大資料量。因此，溫度τ的刻度寬度最好為5。 左右，且亦可如本例為1G。左右。χ，可由第4圖所示在垂 直職狀態的液晶層之光反射率(折料異向性）的溫度關 連性得知，液晶的物性值係越靠近低溫時變化越加急劇。 15因此，為了提高修正精準度，溫度了的刻度寬度係以越靠近 低溫側越細者較佳。 回到第12圖，外部的輸入影像資料係輸入至運算部25 的影像變換部S3。影像變換部33係藉由根據輸入影像資料 及服選擇器31所選擇的修正係數之運算處理，產生用以 2〇顯不於各顯示層39R、39G、39Β之顯示影像資料。又，影 像艾換433亦可藉由使用輸入影像資料及溫度資料之預定 函數運异處理來產生顯示影像資料，而不是根據修正係數 產生顯示影像資料。此時，顯示影像資料的產生速度雖然 降低，卻可因不需影像修iLUT32而縮小運算部25的所需 27 200816109 記憶體容量。 在具有記憶性的顯示元件中，一般認為會在伴隨顯示 内谷k更之顯不改寫時產生新的顯示影像資料。然而，本 貝施型悲亦可在測出某程度較大的溫度變化時，即使並未 5變更顯不内容仍然產生新的顯示影像資料並進行顯示改 寫，此外，亦可定期性地檢測溫度，且即使並未變更顯示 内容仍然根據該溫度定期性地產生顯示影像資料並進行顯 不改寫。 所產生的顯示影像資料可在需要時進衧灰階變換處 10理。例如，在顯示部38的顯示色數為4096色時，各顯示層 39R、39G、39B的可能顯示灰階數分別為16灰階，相對於 此，在輸入影像資料為全彩(R、G、B皆為256灰階(8位元)) 時，則需有與可能顯示灰階數對應之灰階變換處理。灰階 變換之運算法雖有網點法或系統性遞色方法等，但以誤差 15分散法的解析度或清晰度最為優異，且與使用膽固醇液晶 之液晶顯示元件相合，而次於誤差分散法的有藍色干擾遮 罩法。藍色干擾遮罩法的晝質雖然稍差於誤差分散法，卻 具有可鬲速處理之長處。 影像變換部33所產生之顯示影像資料係輸出至資料控 20制部26，且資料控制部26根據影像變換部33所輸入的每個 顯示層39R、39G、39B之顯示影像資料、及例如事先設定 之驅動波形資料，產生驅動資料。資料控制部26再配合資 料取入時脈將產生的驅動資料輸出至資料端的驅動似口〇。、 此外，資料控制部26將脈衝極性控制信號、訊框開始信號、 28 200816109 資料鎖存/掃秒轉換等控制信號輸出至資料端及掃描端的 驅動IC20。 又’雖然省略圖式，但根據本實施型態之電子紙係於 前述液晶顯示元件上設有可統括控制輸入/輸出裝置及整 5 體之控制裝置。 在此’說明本實施型態的液晶顯示元件之驅動方法。 第15(a)圖係根據從資料控制部26輸入之驅動資料，顯示用 以使液晶壬水平螺旋狀態之資料端的驅動IC2〇施加於信號 電極50的1個選擇期間分之電壓波形。該選擇時間與液晶材 10料或元件結構相關，大致為數ms〜數十ms(例如，50ms)。一 般而言，液晶層係隨著温度越低對於電壓的響應性越低， 故最好在溫度較低時加長選擇時間。此外，最好配合影像 修正LUT之温度T的刻度寬度，來變更該選擇時間。第15(b) 圖係顯示用以使液晶呈垂直螺旋狀態之資料端的驅動1(^2〇 15施加於信號電極50之電壓波形。第16(a)圖係顯示掃描端的 驅動IC20施加於選擇的掃描電極48之電壓波形，而第16(b) 圖係顯示掃描端的驅動IC20施加於非選擇的掃描電極48之 電壓波形。第17(a)圖係顯示施加於以水平螺旋狀態驅動之 像素的液晶層46之電壓波形，而第17(b)圖係顯示施加於以 20垂直螺旋狀態驅動之像素的液晶層46之電壓波形。 又，第18圖係顯示膽固醇液晶的電壓-反射率特性之一 例。橫軸表示施加於液晶層46之電壓值(V)，而縱軸表示施 加電壓後的液晶層46之反射率。相對於液晶層46的反射率 較高之狀態表示水平螺旋狀態，而相對於液晶層46的反射 29 200816109 率車父低之狀態表示垂直螺旋狀態。第18圖之實線曲線P表示 初期狀態為水平螺旋狀態之液晶層46的電壓-反射率特 性’而虛線曲線FC表示初期狀態為垂直螺旋狀態之液晶層 46的電壓_反射率特性。 5 以水平螺旋狀態驅動之像素係於選擇期間的前半段， 如第15⑻圖所示地信號電極50之電壓為+32V，並如第16(a) 圖所示地掃描電極48之電壓為〇v，因此，如第17(a)圖所示 者’於該像素之液晶層46施加+32V之電壓。又，於選擇期 間的後半段，信號電極5〇之電壓為〇v，且掃描電極48之電 10 壓為+32v，故，於該像素之液晶層46施加-32V之電壓，而 施加於非選擇期間的液晶層46之電壓最大為±4V，因此，於 選擇期間中的該像素之液晶層46施加大致±32V之脈衝電 壓。當液晶層46產生強烈電場時，液晶分子之螺旋結構會 完全崩解，且所有液晶分子之長軸方向形成為依照電場方 15向之垂直配向（Homeotropic)狀態。接著，從垂直配向狀態 之液晶急速去除電場時，液晶螺旋軸會與電極表面垂直， 而形成可選擇性反射對應於螺距的波長光之水平螺旋狀 態。即，如第18圖所示，液晶層46係於施加±32V(%VP〇) 之脈衝電壓時形成為水平螺旋狀態，且該像素變成明亮狀 20 態。 另一方面，以垂直螺旋狀態驅動之像素係於選擇期間 的前半段，如第15(b)圖所示地信號電極50之電壓為+24乂， 並如第16(a)圖所示地掃描電極48之電壓為〇V，因此，如第 17(b)圖所示者，於該像素之液晶層46施加+24V之電壓。 30 200816109 又’於選擇期間的後半段，信號電極5〇之電壓為+8¥，且 掃七田電極48之電壓為+32v，故，於該像素之液晶層施加 -24V之電壓’而施加於非選擇期間的液晶層仏之電壓最大 為±4V’因此’於選擇期間中的該像素之液晶層46施加大致 5 土24V之脈衝電壓。於液晶層46產生液晶分子之螺旋結構並 未完全崩解程度之較弱電場後再去除電場時，或，於液晶 層46產生強烈電場後再緩慢去除電場時，液晶螺旋軸會與 電極表面平行，而形成可透過入射光之垂直螺旋狀態。即， 如第18圖所不，液晶層46係於施加±24v(<vF1〇〇b)之脈衝 1〇電壓時形絲垂直螺錄態，且該像素變成黑暗狀態。 為了顯示中間色調，而使用VFi〇〇b(例如，26V)與 VP0(例如’ 32V)之間的電壓值，或vf〇(例如，6V)與 VF100a(例如，20V)之間的電壓值。藉由施加該等電壓值之 脈衝電壓，液晶之定向狀態可形成混合水平螺旋狀態與垂 15直螺旋狀態之狀態，且可顯示中間色調。使用VF0與VFlOOa 之間的電壓值顯示中間色調時，雖有須使液晶的初期狀態 為水平螺旋狀態之限制，但可縮小中間色調的顯示斑點， 並得到良好的顯示品質。另一方面，使用VF1〇〇b與vp〇之 間的電壓值顯示中間色調時，雖除了中間色調的顯示不均 20勻性會稍微變大之外，還會難以利用通用的驅動1C進行用 以抑制串音干擾之控制，卻具有可縮短寫入時間之優點。 第19圖係顯示影像修正LUT之變化例。本變化例之影 像修正LUT52係直接儲存與輸入影像資料及溫度對應之顯 示影像資料，而不是修正係數。本變化例係直接儲存顯示 31 200816109 影像資料於影像修正LUT52，故，可大幅提高產生顯示影 像資料之變換處理速度，然而，影像修正LUT522所需記 憶體容量會變大，例如，與第14(b)圖相同地將溫度範圍分 割為9階段時，會在以尺(；^各64灰階之26萬色顯示時，可於 5影像修正LUT52儲存最大26萬x9個之資料，但，亦可在抽 取掉修正值後儲存於影像修正LUT52，並輸入未儲存的中 間輸入影像資料時，藉由資料的補全處理來予以補足。 如前所述，根據本實施型態，可於具有積層結構的彩 色顯示元件中，使對應於輸入影像資料之顯示色調呈大致 1〇固定且不受到溫度影響。因此，根據本實施型態，可得到 不受周圍環境影響並且顯示品質良好之顯示元件。 〔第2實施型態〕 使用第20圖說明本發明第2實施型態之顯示系統。第2〇 圖係顯示本實施型態的顯示系統之概略結構之方塊圖。如 15第20圖所示，顯示系統包含有顯示元件54(例如，電子紙）、 及可發送影像資料至顯示元件之資料伺服器5 6 (顯示資訊 發送裝置）。顯示元件54與資料伺服器56之間係透過如無線 LAN、Bluetooth(藍牙；註冊商標）等介面無線連接。又，顯 示元件54與資嵙伺服器56之間亦可透過USB等介面有線連 20 接。 顯示元件54設有具有顯示B的顯示層、顯示G的顯示層 及顯示R的顯示層的積層結構之顯示部58。又，顯示元件54 係與第12圖之顯示元件相同，具有可檢測顯示部58附近的 溫度之溫度感測器57、及控制部59。但，顯示元件54之控 32 200816109 制部59與第12圖之顯示元件的控制部29不同，並未設有 LUT選擇器、影像修正LUT及影像變換部。再者，顯示元 件54具有可發送温度資訊至資料伺服器56並且從資料伺服 器56接收顯示影像資料之發送接收部6〇。 5 另一方面，資料祠服器56具有包含LUT選擇器、影像 修正LUT及影像變換部之運算部55(控制部）。即，本實施型 態並非於顯示元件54端而是於資料伺服器56端設置lut選 擇器、影像修正LUT及影像變換部。再者，資料伺服器允 具有可從顯示元件54接收溫度資訊並且發送顯示影像資料 10至顯示元件54之發送接收部61。 在資料伺服益56顯示預定影像於顯示元件54的顯示部 58之際，例如’資料伺服器56發送溫度資訊要求信號至顯 示元件54，接收到溫度資訊要求信號之顯示元料會將使 用溫度感測器57而取得之溫度資訊發送至資料飼服器％。 η =收到溫度資訊之資料伺服器56的運算㈣會採取與第工 實施型態相同之手法’例如，根據該溫度資訊修正外部輸 从輸^影像資料並產生顯示影像資料，再將修正後的顯 :衫像貝料發达至顯示元件5 4。接收軸示影像資料之顯 不7L件54會將接收到的顯示影像資料及需要的驅動波形資 2〇料輸Μ顯示部58的驅動扣，以驅_示部58的各顯示 層。精此，可在顯示元件54的顯示部58進行顯示改寫，並 且顯示部58的對應於顯示影像資料之顯示色調呈大致固定 且不党到溫度影響。 根據本實施型態，可與第1實施型態相同，於具有積層 33 200816109 結構之彩色顯示元件中使顯示色調呈大致固定且不受到溫 度影響。因此，根據本實施型態，可得到不受周圍環境影 響並且顯不品質良好之顯示元件。又，本實施型態係於資 料伺服器56端進行影像變換，故不須在顯示元件54端設置 5 LUT選擇器、影像修正LUT及影像變換部。因&，本實施 型態具有可減低顯示元件54的製造成本之優點。 本發明並不限於前述實施型態且可進行各種變化。 例如，丽述實施型態係以低溫下的反射光譜波長轉換 至短波長側之顯不元件為例，但本發明並不僅限於此。例 如在具有R、G、B3層結構之液晶顯示元件中，各層的反 射光譜在低溫下波長轉換至長波長側時，可產生於低溫下 進仃修正使R層的顯示灰階值變低之顯示影像資料 。藉此， 可抑制低溫中的灰色平衡偏往紅色方向。 又’ 述貫施型態係以根據顯示部附近的溫度來修正 15顯示影像資料之顯示元件為例，但本發明並不僅限於此。 例如’亦可根據溢度修正含有脈衝寬度或波高值的資料之 驅動波形貧料，而+是修正顯示影像資料。當低溫下的反 射光譜波長轉換至短波長側時，可藉由於低溫中縮小3層的 •驅動波形貧料之脈衝寬度、或降低波高值，而得到與前述 20實施型態同樣的效果。 又’ W述實施型態係以使用膽固醇液晶的積層結構之 形色液晶顯示元件為例，但本發明並不僅限於此，且亦可 適用具有記憶性之其他顯示元件或反射型顯示元件等各種 積層結構之顯示元件。 34 200816109 、，珂述實施型態係以電子紙為例，但本發明並不僅 阳^此且亦可適用設有顯示元件之各種電子終端。 產業上之可利用性 、 由於顯示色調並不會因為周圍環境而產生變化，故， 5 了適用具有積層結構且可顯示彩色之顯示元件。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖係顯示使用膽固醇液晶之一般液晶顯示元件的 反射光譜之一例。 第2圖係顯示使用膽固醇液晶之一般》夜晶顯示元件的 10 反射光譜之一例。 第3圖係顯不使用膽固醇液晶之一般液晶顯示元件的 反射光譜之一例。 第4圖係顯示使用膽固醇液晶之一般液晶顯示元件的 溫度與在垂直螺旋狀態下的反射率之關係。 15 第5圖係顯示某液晶顯示元件在水平螺旋狀態下的反 射光譜。 弟6(a)、（b)圖係顯示本發明第1實施型態之原理。 第7圖係顯示R、G、B各層的反射光譜之模式圖。 第8(a)、（b)圖係本發明第1實施型態所使用的修正方法 20 之一例之說明圖。 第9(a)、（b)圖係本發明第1實施型態所使用的修正方法 之一例之說明圖。 弟10(a)、（b)圖係本發明第1實施型態所使用的修正方 法之另一例之說明圖。 35 200816109 第11(a)、（b)圖係本發明第1實施型態所使用的修正方 法之另一例之說明圖。 第12圖係顯示本發明第1實施型態的顯示元件之概略 結構之方塊圖。 5 第13圖係模式性的顯示本發明第1實施型態的顯示元 件結構之截面圖。 第14(a)、（b)圖係顯示儲存於影像修正LUT之修正係數 的資料結構之例。 第15(a)、（b)圖係顯示施加於信號電極之1個選擇期間 10 分的電壓波形。 第16(a)、（b)圖係顯示施加於掃描電極之1個選擇期間 分的電壓波形。 第17⑷、（b)圖係顯示施加於像素的液晶層之1個選擇 期間分的電壓波形。 15 第18圖係顯示膽固醇液晶的電壓-反射率特性之一例。 第19圖係顯示影像修正LUT之變化例。 第20圖係顯示本發明第2實施型態的顯示系統之概略 結構之方塊圖。 第21(a)、（b)圖係顯示使用膽固醇液晶之液晶顯示元件 20 的截面構造之模式圖。 第2 2圖係顯示使用膽固醇液晶之彩色液晶顯示元件的 截面構造之模式圖。 第23圖係顯示具有積層結構之液晶顯示元件的反射光 譜之一例。 36 200816109 【主要元件符號說明】 20...驅動 1C 50...信號電極 25...運算部 54···顯不兀件 26...資料控制部 55···運算部(控制部） 27· ··溫度感測器(温度檢測部） 56.··資料伺服器（顯示資訊發 29...控制部 送裝置） 30...解碼器 57...溫度感測器 31…LUT選擇器 58...顯示部 32…影像修正LUT 59...控制部 33...影像變換部 60、61…發送接收部 38...顯示部 101B、101G、101R·.·液晶層 39B、39G、39R...顯示層 133…液晶分子 42、43…基板 143…液晶層 44...密封材 146· ·.液晶顯不兀件 46 ···液晶層（顯不層） 48…掃描電極 147、149..•基板 37Patent Document 6 discloses a technique for correcting the rgb image as a result of the temperature measured by the temperature sensor and referring to the LUT for the lack of 曰+~ 唬. However, this technique corrects the RGB material signal according to the temperature of the lamp portion of the liquid medicine machine. Therefore, it is not considered that the difference between the temperature of the lamp portion and the actual temperature of the liquid crystal display element is different between time and space. point. Moreover, this technology is related to a transmissive liquid crystal projector, and therefore is different from the present case on the premise. = The method of (4) is set, and the method does not take into account the variation of the characteristics of the liquid helium 7 introduced by the temperature, so that the change in color tone cannot be suppressed. The present inventors have considered a technique for solving the problem of displaying a change in color tone due to temperature in a color display element having a laminated structure. Fig. 6 shows the principle of this embodiment. Fig. 6(a) shows a reflection spectrum in which a color liquid crystal display element having a laminated structure of R, G, and β3 layers is displayed by a gray scale scale. Curve a5 shows the reflection spectrum at room temperature, and the curve "Table 2 shows the reflection spectrum at low temperature. As shown in Fig. 6(a), the reflection spectrum is converted to the short wavelength side as a whole at low temperature (in the sixth (a) The wavelength conversion direction is indicated by an arrow in the figure, and the gray scale scale shows that the gray balance of f is disintegrated and the whole becomes a display with blue. That is, the reflection spectrum of the three-layer display layer of this example is at a low temperature. Down conversion to the short wavelength side. 16 200816109 This embodiment is used to suppress the display color tone change caused by the above temperature, and correct the input image data or drive waveform according to the correction information stored in the LUT. Fig. 6(b) shows The reflection spectrum at low temperature before and after correction. The curve b5 of Fig. 6(b) corresponds to the curve b5 of Fig. 6(a), and shows the reflection spectrum at 5 low temperatures before correction, and the curve e5 shows the corrected reflection. In addition, the curves e6 to e8 respectively show the corrected reflection spectra in the gray scale display of the lower gray scale. As shown in Fig. 6(b), for example, the reflection on the short wavelength side is corrected based on the correction information. The rate is reduced to the appropriate range as indicated by the arrow in the figure It can correct the gray balance of the display and suppress the change of the hue. For example, this embodiment reduces the reflectance of the short-wavelength side by lowering the display grayscale value of the display layer of the display B. The correction information stored in the LUT contains Information on the relationship between the color information of each display layer of the layer. Here, the relationship between the color information of each display layer is explained. Fig. 7 shows the pattern of the reflection 15 spectrum of each of the display layers of R, G, and B, respectively. The horizontal axis represents the wavelength (nm), and the vertical axis represents the reflectance (%). The curve R1 represents the reflection spectrum of the display layer (R layer) showing R, and the curve G1 represents the reflection of the display layer (G layer) displaying G. Spectrum, while curve B1 represents the reflection spectrum of the display layer (layer B) of display B, and curve d represents the visual sensitivity curve. As shown in Fig. 7, when the reflection spectra of the layers of R, G, and B overlap, 20 Forming a repeating portion in which the reflection spectra are repeated with each other, for example, a repeating portion Lrg overlapping with a reflection spectrum of the G layer and a repeating portion Lrgb overlapping with a reflection spectrum of the G layer and the B layer in the reflection spectrum of the R layer. Lrg and Lrgb indicate that the reflected light of the R layer contains an unnecessary color component of G or B. Similarly, the reflection spectrum of the G layer has a repetition of the reflection spectrum of the R layer. 17 200816109 Complex part Lrg, and R layer and B layer The repeating portion of the reflection spectrum repeats *Lrgb and the repeated portion Lgb which is repeated with the reflection spectrum of the layer B. Therefore, the reflected light of the G layer contains an unnecessary color component of R or B. Further, the reflection spectrum of the b layer has a The repeated portion Lrgb of the reflection spectrum of the R layer and the G layer is repeated, and the repeated portion Lgb is repeated with the reflection spectrum of the G 5 layer. Therefore, the reflected light of the b layer contains an unnecessary color component of R or G. Pitch p or refractive index difference The change caused by the temperature of the tropism Δη also affects such useless color components. In this embodiment, in addition to correcting the reflection spectrum itself affected by the temperature variation of the pitch ρ or the refractive index anisotropy Δη, it is also necessary to perform the correction of the repeated portion of the reflection spectrum of each of the R, G, and Β layers. Here, an example of the correction method used in the present embodiment will be described. Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 are explanatory views showing an example of a correction method used in the present embodiment. First, it is necessary to obtain the correspondence between the input image data and the actual display according to the input image data. Figure 8(a) shows the relationship between the input image data and the actual display at room temperature according to 15 the input image data, and the 8th (b) image shows the input of the image poor material and the low temperature according to the input image data. The actual display relationship underneath. Here, the RGB values of the input image data are expressed as (R_data, G_data, B_data), and the RGB values after the analog toning of the display color actually outputted on the display screen are expressed as (R_〇ut, G_〇ut , B_out). 2〇 As shown in Figure 8(a), a predetermined 3x3 matrix is used to indicate the relationship between the RGB value of the input image data and the value of the analog display output to the display screen. In the red color displayed on the display screen, for example, 90% is the reflection component of the R layer, and 10% is the reflection component of the G layer. Similarly, in the green color displayed on the display pupil, for example, 90% is the reflection component of the G layer, and 5% is the reflection of the B layer 18 200816109 component, and 5% is the reflection component of the R layer. In the blue color displayed on the kneading surface, for example, 90% is the reflection component of the B layer, and 7% is the reflection component of the G layer, and 3% is the reflection component of the R layer. The total value of the row direction of each element of the matrix (enclosed by a dotted ellipse in Fig. 8(a)) is in the R row (the 1st row), the G row (the 25th row), and the B row (the 3rd row). ) formed as 1. On the other hand, when the physical property value of the liquid crystal changes at a low temperature, the reflection spectrum of each layer is converted to the short wavelength side, the ratio of the reflection component changes as shown in Fig. 8(b). The reflection spectrum of the R layer and the reflection spectrum of the G layer are respectively converted to the short wavelength side (blue side), so that, for example, in the red color 10 shown by the display pupil, the reflection component of the R layer is 90 with respect to the room temperature. % is reduced to 85%, while the reflection component of the G layer is reduced by 5% relative to 10% at room temperature. Further, in the green color displayed on the display screen, the reflection component of the R layer is increased by 1% by 5% with respect to room temperature due to the increase of the conversion component, and in the green color displayed, the reflection component of the G layer is The reflection spectrum of the G layer is converted to the blue side and is reduced to 85% with respect to I5 at the time of $90, and in the green color displayed, the reflection component of the b layer is similarly reduced to 5% with respect to 5% at room temperature. %. On the display screen, the reflection component of the R layer is increased by 7% with respect to 3% at room temperature due to the increase of the conversion component, and the reflection component of the G layer is also increased due to the aforementioned conversion component. The increase with respect to 7% at room temperature is 20, and in the blue color shown, the reflection component of the layer B is reduced to 85% with respect to 9 〇% at room temperature due to the conversion of the reflection spectrum of the b layer to the ultraviolet ray direction. As shown in Fig. 8(b), the total value of the row direction of each element of the matrix (enclosed by a dashed ellipse in Fig. 8(b)) is formed as 0·90 in each of r, G, and b, respectively. 0.95, 1·〇5. That is, the total value of the B line is the largest, so at a low temperature, the gray balance will be shifted toward the blue direction to form a blue display as a whole. In order to correct the color balance disintegration at room temperature, it is relatively simple to use the inverse matrix of the aforementioned 3x3 matrix obtained by the tendency of the reflection spectrum as the correction coefficient. That is, as shown in Fig. 9(4), by inputting the input image material (the RGB values of the hue to be displayed on the display side) (r out, G_〇m, B__out) and the matrix shown in Fig. 8(4) The product of the inverse matrix (correction matrix) corrects the wheeled image data and obtains the display image information (R_data, G_data, B_data) to be output to the display unit. According to the obtained display image information, the color turbidity caused by the repetition of the reflection spectrum can be corrected, and the display quality is good. To correct the display with blue at low temperature, as shown in Figure 9 (by taking the image of the input image -_, G__, B-_) and the 3x3 matrix of the purchase map The product of the inverse matrix (correction matrix) is obtained as the display image data, G_data, B-thin to be output to the display unit. Here, the total value of the row direction of each element of the correction matrix shown in Fig. 9 (8) is formed in each row of R G B! u,"〇4,〇%. It is known that the total value is the smallest, so correction is made to lower the display gray scale value of the B layer to suppress the gray balance in the low/dish shift to the blue direction. By writing according to the display image information, the gray balance bias caused by the wavelength conversion can be suppressed, and 20 good display quality is obtained. Then, Brother H did not consider the repetition of the reflection spectra of the R, G, and B layers. In the case of the P-knife, as the correction method used in the present embodiment, the first and the eleventh drawings illustrate the other steps of the correction method used in the present embodiment, and the input is determined in advance. The image data corresponds to the actual display according to the input image data of 200816109. Figure 10(a) shows the relationship between the input image data and the actual display at room temperature according to the input image data, and the 10th (b) image shows the input image data and the actual temperature at the low temperature according to the input image data. Show the relationship. 5 As shown in Fig. 1(0), in this example, 100% of the red color displayed at the room temperature is regarded as the reflection component of the R layer. Similarly, 100% of the green color displayed on the display screen is regarded as a reflection component of the G layer, and 100% of the displayed monitor color is regarded as a reflection component of the B layer. At room temperature, the total values of the elements of the matrix in the row direction are formed as i for each of R, G, and B rows. On the other hand, at low temperature, as shown in Fig. 10(b), the total value of each element of the matrix in the row direction is formed as 0·90, 0·95, and 1.05 in each of R, G, and B rows. . That is, the total value of the limp is the largest, so that the gray balance is biased toward the blue direction at a low temperature to form a blue display as a whole. As shown in Fig. 11(a), by obtaining the product of the input image data (R_〇ut, 15 G-0llt, B_0ut) and the inverse matrix of the matrix shown in Fig. 10(4), the output to be displayed is obtained. Display image information (R_data, G_data, B-data). The 3x3 matrix in this example is a unit matrix, so the inverse matrix is equal to the original matrix. Therefore, this example does not perform substantial correction of the input image data at room temperature. 20 On the other hand, at low temperatures, as shown in Figure 11(b), by taking the inverse of the matrix of the input image data (R-out, G-〇iit, B_out) and the 丨0(b) diagram The product of the matrix (correction matrix) can obtain the display image information (R-data, G-data, B-data) to be output to the display unit. As shown in Fig. 11(b), the total values of the elements of the correction matrix in the row direction are formed in the respective rows R, G, and B. That is, since the total value of _ is the smallest, it is understood that the gray balance in the low temperature has been corrected in the blue direction. However, this example does not consider the relationship with other display layers. It is easy to over-correct the color and the correction accuracy is not high enough. The method of correcting the color (4) correction coefficient has been exemplified by 5 'up', but the correction method used in the present embodiment is not limited to the two examples. In the present embodiment, various correction methods such as correction of the wavelength conversion in the horizontal spiral state and the change in the refractive index anisotropy caused by the temperature can be used. Also, it is best to consider the relationship with other display 10 layers when correcting. Next, a display element, an electronic paper, and an image processing method of the present embodiment will be described. Fig. 12 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a display element of the present embodiment, and Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the structure of a display element of the present embodiment. As shown in Figs. 12 and 13, the display element (liquid crystal display element) is provided with a memory display portion 38. The display unit 38 has the following structure: The display layer 39 Β, the display layer 39G for displaying G, and the display layer 39R for displaying R are stacked in this order from the display surface side (upward in Fig. 13). Further, it is possible to provide the visible light absorbing layer 40 on the back side of the display layer 39R (lower in FIG. 3). Each of the display layers 39R, 39G, and 39R has a pair of substrates 42, 43 which are bonded to each other through the sealing member 44. For example, both of the substrates 42 and 43 have light transmissivity that is permeable to visible light. As the substrates 42, 43, a highly flexible film substrate such as a glass substrate, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or polycarboxylate (PC; Polycarbonate) can be used. 22 200816109 On the surface of the substrate 42 facing the substrate 43, a plurality of strip-shaped scanning electrodes 48 extending substantially parallel to each other are formed. Further, on the surface of the substrate 43 facing the substrate 42, a plurality of strip-shaped signal electrodes 5a extending substantially in parallel with each other are formed. When the layer is issued for the Q-VGA, the scanning electrode 48 of the 24 〇 and the 包" When the substrate surface is viewed vertically, the scan electrode 48 and the signal turtle 50 extend in a mutually parented manner. Most of the fields in which the scanning electrodes are crossed with the signal electrodes (10) are arranged in a matrix of a plurality of pixel fields. The scan electrode 48 and the signal electrode 50 are formed using, for example, indium tin oxide (IT 〇; Indium Tin 〇 xide), and an indium zinc oxide (IZ 〇; Indium shihe 10 or the like) may be used. Shi Xi et al. form the scan electrode 48 and the signal electrode. It is preferable to apply an insulating film or an orientation stabilizing film on the scan electrode 48 and the signal electrode 5 。. The insulating film has an M path between the electrodes or is blocked as a gas barrier layer. The gas component is used to improve the reliability of the liquid crystal display layer. The orientation stabilization film is preferably an I5 organic film such as a polyimide resin or an acrylic resin. This example is applied to the scan electrode 48 and the signal electrode 5〇 to apply a directional stability film. Further, the alignment stabilizing film and the insulating film may be used in combination. A spacer (not shown) for uniformly maintaining the cell pitch is provided between the substrates 42 and 43. In the case of the spacer, a resin can be used. Or a spherical spacer made of an inorganic oxide, a surface-coated spacer of a thermoplastic resin, a columnar or wall-shaped spacer formed by photolithography on the substrate, etc. The substrates 42 and 43 are sealed. Show cholesteric phase at room temperature of a cholesteric liquid crystal composition, and a liquid crystal layer shown ⑽ layer) 46. The biliary composition is produced by adding 1 to 4% of the optically active material to the nematic liquid crystal mixture. Here, the amount of the optically active material added is a value when the total amount of the nematic liquid crystal and the optically active material 23 200816109 is 100% by weight. When the amount of S added to the optically active material is large, the nematic liquid crystal molecules are shortened by the strong twist, and the short-wavelength light is selected to be reflected in the horizontal spiral state. Conversely, when the amount of the optically active material is small, the pitch becomes long, and the long-wavelength light is selected to be reflected in the horizontal spiral state. The liquid crystal layer 46 of the display layer 39R selects r-wave light reflection in a horizontal spiral state, and the liquid crystal layer 46 of the display layer 39G selects 〇 wavelength light reflection in a horizontal spiral state, and the liquid crystal layer 46 of the display layer 39B B-wave light reflection is selected in a horizontal spiral state. The wavelength conversion direction of the liquid crystal caused by the temperature is affected by the optically active material. For example, a selective reflection wavelength is converted to a long-wavelength side of the optically active material as the temperature rises, and a selective reflection wavelength is switched to the short-wavelength side of the optically-rotating material as the temperature rises. By mixing optical materials having opposite wavelength conversion directions, wavelength conversion can be satisfactorily suppressed, but it is still difficult to completely suppress wavelength conversion. Further, for example, in the case of a display element having a laminated structure of R, G, and B layers, it is preferable that the 15 series have the same wavelength conversion direction of the liquid crystal layers, and it is possible to use less of the above-described correction ray. Various materials known in the art can be used as the nematic liquid crystal. The cholesteric liquid crystal and the 丨-electrical anisotropy Δ ε of the product are preferably 20 to 50. When the dielectric anisotropy Δ ε is 20 or more, the driving voltage can be suppressed from rising rapidly, so that it is possible to use inexpensive general-purpose parts by driving 2〇 = way. When the dielectric = number anisotropy Δ £ of the cholesteric liquid crystal composition is too low compared with the above range, the driving voltage is high. On the contrary, when the dielectric anisotropy Δ ε is excessively compared with the above range, the stability or reliability of the display element is lowered, and image defects or image noise are liable to occur. 24 200816109 The refractive index anisotropy Δη of the 'cholesterol liquid crystal composition dominates the important value of the enamel. The refractive index anisotropy Δ(10) is preferably at about 2424. When the refractive index anisotropy is smaller than the range, the reflectance in the horizontal spiral state is lowered, thereby causing a decrease in display luminance. Conversely, when the refractive index apparent Δη is larger than the range, the light scattering in the vertical spiral state becomes large, so that the color purity or contrast is lowered and the display is blurred. Cholesteric liquid crystal composition: the specific resistance value is preferably, ~, Ω. The range of the coffee... The lower the viscosity of the liquid crystal composition, the lower the voltage rise or the contrast reduction at low temperatures, and the viscosity of the cholesteric liquid crystal composition is preferably relative. The stability of the response speed or the sinusoidal stability is in the range of 20 to 120 〇 mPa · s. In this embodiment, the optical rotation (optical rotation direction) of the liquid crystal layer 46 of the display layer 3 9 G in the horizontal spiral state is different from the optical rotation of the liquid crystal layer 显示 of the display layer. Therefore, in the overlapping field of the reflection spectrum of β and G and the reflection spectrum of G and R shown in FIG. 7, the liquid crystal layer 46 of the display layer 15 can reflect the light of the right circularly polarized light, and The liquid crystal layer 46 of the display layer 39G reflects the light of the left circularly polarized light. Thereby, the loss of reflected light can be reduced, and the brightness of the display surface of the liquid crystal display element can be improved. Further, the liquid crystal display element is the same as the liquid crystal display element of the STN mode, and has a drive 1C of the scanning end connected to the display unit 38 and a drive 1C of the data terminal 20 (the 12th figure is displayed by one drive 1C). This embodiment uses a general-purpose STN driver as the drives 1C. In the liquid crystal display device in which the plurality of display layers 39R, 39G, and 39 are laminated in the present embodiment, it is generally necessary to independently provide the drive 1C of the data terminal in each layer, and the drive ic of the scan end can be used in common for each layer. 25 200816109 Further, the liquid crystal display element has a power supply unit (not shown). For example, the power supply unit has a DC-DC converter that can boost the voltage of an external input such as DC 3 to 5 V to a voltage of about 3 〇 to 40 V required to drive the cholesteric liquid crystal. In addition, the power supply unit uses the boosted voltage and generates the required multiple levels of voltage in response to the grayscale value 5 or the selection/non-selection of each pixel. The voltage generated is stabilized by a regulator having a voltage stabilizing diode or an operational amplifier, and supplied to the driving IC 20. Further, the liquid crystal display element has a temperature sensor 27 (temperature detecting portion) provided in the vicinity of the display portion 38. The temperature sensor 27 detects the temperature in the vicinity of the display portion 38 and outputs temperature data based on the measured temperature. Further, the liquid crystal display element has a control unit 29 provided with a calculation unit 25 and a data control unit 26. The calculation unit 25 inputs the input image data from the outside, and inputs the temperature data in the vicinity of the display unit 38 from the temperature sensor 27. Further, the temperature data can be input from the outside to the arithmetic unit 25, and in this case, the temperature sensor 27 can be provided without the liquid crystal display element. The calculation unit 25 generates display image data for display on each of the display layers 39R, 39G, and 39B of the display unit 38 based on the input image data and temperature data, and outputs the image data to the data control unit 26. The output value of the temperature sensor 27 is input to the decoder 30' of the arithmetic unit 25 and the decoder 30 converts the output value of the temperature sensor 27 into a predetermined temperature 20 data' and outputs it to the LUT selector 31. When the output of the temperature sensor 27 is a digital signal, the decoder 30 performs encoding with the LUT selector, and when the round of the temperature sensor 27 is analogous, the decoder 3 has to be used as the A/D. The function of the converter. The lut selector 31 selects an image correction LUT 32 which can store a correction coefficient corresponding to the temperature in the vicinity of the display unit 38, and selects an optimum correction coefficient based on the temperature input from the decoder 26 200816109 30. Fig. 14 is a view showing the structure of the correction coefficient stored in the image correction. As shown in Fig. 14 (8), the elements in the first row of the correction matrix represented by the 3 χ 3 matrix are R - r, Rg, R - b, and the elements in the second row are G_r, G_g, 5 G-b, and the third The elements of the line are b-Γ, B-g, B-b. At this time, as shown in Figure 4(8), the elements of the correction matrix R_r, R_g, Rj3, G_g, G-b, B-r, B-g, B-b are used as correction coefficients for each predetermined temperature range. And store it. In this example, -2CTC is the lowest temperature, 7 (rc is the highest temperature, and the scale width is all set to HTC, so the temperature is divided into 9 stages of temperature range. Here, although the scale width of temperature T is thinner The correction accuracy can be improved, but the amount of data is increased. Therefore, the scale width of the temperature τ is preferably 5. About, and can also be 1G as in this example. 左右, can be shown in Figure 4 in the vertical position In the temperature dependence of the light reflectance (folding anisotropy) of the liquid crystal layer in the state, it is known that the physical property value of the liquid crystal changes more rapidly as it approaches the low temperature. 15 Therefore, in order to improve the correction accuracy, the scale width of the temperature is increased. It is preferable that the closer to the lower temperature side is, the closer it is to the lower temperature side. Returning to Fig. 12, the external input image data is input to the image conversion unit S3 of the calculation unit 25. The image conversion unit 33 is based on the input image data and the service selector. The operation processing of the selected correction coefficient is used to generate display image data for displaying the display layers 39R, 39G, and 39. Further, the image Ai 433 can also be used by using the input image data and the temperature data. Function transfer processing The image data is displayed instead of the display image data according to the correction coefficient. At this time, although the generation speed of the display image data is lowered, the memory capacity of the computing unit 25 can be reduced by not requiring the image repair iLUT32. In a memory display element, it is generally considered that a new display image data is generated when the display intra-valley k is more rewritten. However, the Benbe type sorrow can also detect a certain degree of temperature change. Even if the content is not changed, a new display image data is generated and displayed and rewritten. Further, the temperature can be periodically detected, and the image data is periodically generated according to the temperature even if the display content is not changed. The generated display image data can be input to the gray scale conversion when necessary. For example, when the display color number of the display portion 38 is 4096 colors, possible display of each display layer 39R, 39G, 39B The grayscale numbers are respectively 16 grayscales. In contrast, when the input image data is full color (R, G, and B are both 256 grayscales (8 bits)), it is necessary to have The gray scale transform processing corresponding to the gray scale number. Although the gray scale transform algorithm has a dot method or a systematic dithering method, the resolution or sharpness of the error 15 dispersion method is the most excellent, and the liquid crystal using the cholesteric liquid crystal The display elements are combined, and the blue interference mask method is second to the error dispersion method. Although the enamel of the blue interference mask method is slightly inferior to the error dispersion method, it has the advantage of being able to be idle processed. The generated display image data is output to the data control unit 26, and the data control unit 26 displays the image data of each of the display layers 39R, 39G, and 39B input by the image conversion unit 33, and, for example, the drive waveform data set in advance. The drive data is generated. The data control unit 26 cooperates with the drive data generated by the data acquisition clock to output the drive data to the data end. Further, the data control unit 26 outputs control signals such as a pulse polarity control signal, a frame start signal, and 28 200816109 data latch/scanning-second conversion to the drive IC 20 of the data terminal and the scanning terminal. Further, although the drawings are omitted, the electronic paper according to the present embodiment is provided with a control device that integrally controls the input/output device and the entire body of the liquid crystal display element. Here, a method of driving the liquid crystal display element of the present embodiment will be described. In the fifteenth (a), the voltage waveform of one selection period applied to the signal electrode 50 by the drive IC 2A of the data end of the liquid crystal 壬 horizontal spiral state is displayed based on the drive data input from the data control unit 26. The selection time is related to the liquid crystal material or the element structure, and is approximately several ms to several tens of ms (for example, 50 ms). In general, the lower the temperature of the liquid crystal layer is, the lower the responsiveness to voltage is, so it is preferable to lengthen the selection time when the temperature is low. Further, it is preferable to change the selection time by matching the scale width of the temperature T of the image correction LUT. Fig. 15(b) shows the voltage waveform of the driving 1 (^2〇15 applied to the signal electrode 50 for causing the liquid crystal to be in a vertical spiral state. The 16th (a) diagram shows that the driving IC 20 of the scanning end is applied to the selection. The voltage waveform of the scan electrode 48, and the 16th (b) diagram shows the voltage waveform applied to the non-selected scan electrode 48 by the drive IC 20 at the scan end. Figure 17(a) shows the pixel applied to the horizontally spiral state. The voltage waveform of the liquid crystal layer 46, and the 17th (b) diagram shows the voltage waveform of the liquid crystal layer 46 applied to the pixel driven by the 20 vertical spiral state. Further, Fig. 18 shows the voltage-reflectance characteristic of the cholesteric liquid crystal. In one example, the horizontal axis represents the voltage value (V) applied to the liquid crystal layer 46, and the vertical axis represents the reflectance of the liquid crystal layer 46 after the voltage is applied. The state in which the reflectance with respect to the liquid crystal layer 46 is high indicates the horizontal spiral state. The state in which the reflection of the liquid crystal layer 46 is lower than that of the liquid crystal layer 46 indicates a vertical spiral state. The solid line curve P in Fig. 18 indicates the voltage-reflectance characteristic of the liquid crystal layer 46 in the initial state of the horizontal spiral state. FC indicates the voltage_reflectance characteristic of the liquid crystal layer 46 whose initial state is the vertical spiral state. 5 The pixel driven in the horizontal spiral state is in the first half of the selection period, and the voltage of the signal electrode 50 is +32V as shown in Fig. 15(8). And as shown in Fig. 16(a), the voltage of the scan electrode 48 is 〇v, and therefore, as shown in Fig. 17(a), a voltage of +32 V is applied to the liquid crystal layer 46 of the pixel. In the latter half of the selection period, the voltage of the signal electrode 5〇 is 〇v, and the voltage of the scan electrode 48 is +32V, so a voltage of -32V is applied to the liquid crystal layer 46 of the pixel, and is applied to the non-selection period. The voltage of the liquid crystal layer 46 is at most ±4 V, and therefore, the liquid crystal layer 46 of the pixel in the selection period is applied with a pulse voltage of approximately ±32 V. When the liquid crystal layer 46 generates a strong electric field, the spiral structure of the liquid crystal molecules is completely disintegrated. And the long axis direction of all the liquid crystal molecules is formed in a homeotropic state according to the electric field direction 15. Then, when the electric field is rapidly removed from the liquid crystal in the vertical alignment state, the liquid crystal spiral axis is perpendicular to the electrode surface to form a selective The horizontal spiral state of the wavelength light corresponding to the pitch is emitted. That is, as shown in Fig. 18, the liquid crystal layer 46 is formed into a horizontal spiral state when a pulse voltage of ±32 V (% VP 〇) is applied, and the pixel becomes bright. On the other hand, the pixel driven in the vertical spiral state is in the first half of the selection period, and the voltage of the signal electrode 50 is +24 如 as shown in Fig. 15(b), and as shown in Fig. 16(a) The voltage of the scanning electrode 48 is shown as 〇V. Therefore, as shown in Fig. 17(b), a voltage of +24 V is applied to the liquid crystal layer 46 of the pixel. 30 200816109 Again, in the latter half of the selection period, the signal The voltage of the electrode 5 为 is +8 ¥, and the voltage of the electrode 7 of the Sweep is +32 volt, so a voltage of -24 V is applied to the liquid crystal layer of the pixel and the voltage of the liquid crystal layer applied to the non-selection period is at most ± 4V' therefore applies a pulse voltage of approximately 5 ohms 24V to the liquid crystal layer 46 of the pixel in the selection period. When the liquid crystal layer 46 generates a weak electric field of the liquid crystal molecule without completely disintegrating, and then removes the electric field, or after the liquid crystal layer 46 generates a strong electric field and then slowly removes the electric field, the liquid crystal spiral axis is parallel to the electrode surface. And forming a vertical spiral state that is permeable to incident light. That is, as shown in Fig. 18, the liquid crystal layer 46 is applied with ±24v ( <vF1〇〇b) Pulse When the voltage is 1〇, the filament is in a vertical spiral state, and the pixel becomes dark. To display the midtone, a voltage value between VFi〇〇b (e.g., 26V) and VP0 (e.g., '32V), or a voltage value between vf〇 (e.g., 6V) and VF100a (e.g., 20V) is used. By applying the pulse voltages of the voltage values, the orientation state of the liquid crystal can form a state of a mixed horizontal spiral state and a vertical spiral state, and a halftone can be displayed. When the intermediate color tone is displayed using the voltage value between VF0 and VF100a, the initial state of the liquid crystal needs to be limited to the horizontal spiral state, but the display dot of the halftone can be reduced, and good display quality can be obtained. On the other hand, when the intermediate value is displayed using the voltage value between VF1〇〇b and vp〇, the display unevenness 20 of the halftone is slightly increased, and it is difficult to use the general drive 1C. In order to suppress the control of crosstalk interference, it has the advantage of shortening the writing time. Fig. 19 shows a variation of the image correction LUT. The image correction LUT52 of this variation directly stores the displayed image data corresponding to the input image data and temperature, instead of the correction coefficient. This variation directly stores the display image 31 200816109 image data in the image correction LUT 52. Therefore, the conversion processing speed for generating the display image data can be greatly improved. However, the memory capacity required for the image correction LUT 522 becomes large, for example, with the 14th ( b) When the temperature range is divided into 9 stages in the same way, the maximum amount of 260,000 x 9 data can be stored in the 5 image correction LUT52 when displayed in the 260,000 colors of the 64 gray scales. After the correction value is extracted, it is stored in the image correction LUT 52, and when the intermediate input image data is not stored, it is complemented by the data complement processing. As described above, according to the embodiment, the layer can be laminated. In the color display element of the structure, the display color tone corresponding to the input image data is substantially fixed and is not affected by the temperature. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, a display element which is not affected by the surrounding environment and has good display quality can be obtained. [Second embodiment] A display system according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 20. Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing a display system of the present embodiment. A block diagram. As shown in Fig. 20, the display system includes a display element 54 (e.g., electronic paper), and a data server 56 (display information transmitting device) that can transmit image data to the display element. Display element 54 The data server 56 is wirelessly connected via an interface such as a wireless LAN or Bluetooth (registered trademark), and the display device 54 and the resource server 56 can also be connected via a USB interface such as a USB interface. The element 54 is provided with a display portion 58 having a laminated structure of a display layer for displaying B, a display layer for displaying G, and a display layer for displaying R. Further, the display element 54 is the same as the display element of Fig. 12, and has a detectable display portion. The temperature sensor 57 near the temperature of 58 and the control unit 59. However, the control unit 32 of the display element 54 is different from the control unit 29 of the display element of Fig. 12, and the LUT selector and image are not provided. The LUT and the image conversion unit are modified. Further, the display element 54 has a transmission/reception unit 6 that can transmit temperature information to the data server 56 and receive display image data from the data server 56. The server 56 includes a calculation unit 55 (control unit) including an LUT selector, an image correction LUT, and a video conversion unit. That is, the present embodiment is not provided on the display element 54 but on the data server 56 side. The image correction LUT and the image conversion unit. Further, the data server allows the transmission/reception unit 61 to receive the temperature information from the display element 54 and transmit the display image data 10 to the display element 54. The data servo 56 displays the predetermined image. On the display portion 58 of the display element 54, for example, the 'data server 56 sends a temperature information request signal to the display element 54, and the display element receiving the temperature information request signal transmits the temperature information obtained by using the temperature sensor 57. To the data feeding device%. η = operation of the data server 56 receiving the temperature information (4) will adopt the same method as the implementation mode of the work. For example, according to the temperature information, the external input and output image data are corrected and the display image data is generated, and then corrected. The display: the shirt is developed like a bait to the display element 5 4 . The display 7A member 54 receives the display image data and the required drive waveform information, and outputs the drive button to the display button of the display unit 58 to drive the display layers of the display unit 58. In this case, display rewriting can be performed on the display portion 58 of the display element 54, and the display color of the display portion 58 corresponding to the displayed image data is substantially fixed and does not affect the temperature. According to this embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the display color tone is substantially fixed and is not affected by temperature in the color display element having the laminated layer 33 200816109. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to obtain a display element which is not affected by the surrounding environment and which is not good in quality. Further, since this embodiment performs image conversion on the data server 56 side, it is not necessary to provide a 5 LUT selector, an image correction LUT, and a video conversion unit at the display element 54 side. This embodiment has the advantage of reducing the manufacturing cost of the display element 54 because & The present invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments and various changes can be made. For example, the Lishen implementation is exemplified by a wavelength conversion of a reflection spectrum at a low temperature to a display element on a short wavelength side, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, in a liquid crystal display device having a R, G, and B layer structure, when the reflection spectrum of each layer is converted to a long wavelength side at a low temperature, it can be generated at a low temperature, and the display gray scale value of the R layer is lowered. Display image data. Thereby, the gray balance in the low temperature can be suppressed from shifting to the red direction. Further, the description of the embodiment is based on the case where the display element for displaying the image data is corrected 15 based on the temperature in the vicinity of the display portion, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, it is also possible to correct the driving waveform of the data containing the pulse width or the wave height value based on the overflow, and the + is the corrected display image data. When the wavelength of the reflection spectrum at a low temperature is switched to the short-wavelength side, the same effect as the above-described 20 embodiment can be obtained by reducing the pulse width of the driving layer of the three layers at a low temperature or lowering the wave height value. Further, the embodiment of the present invention is an example of a color-coded liquid crystal display device using a laminated structure of cholesteric liquid crystal. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and various other display elements having a memory property or a reflective display element may be applied. Display elements of a laminated structure. 34 200816109, the description of the implementation type is based on electronic paper, but the present invention is not only suitable for use, but also various electronic terminals provided with display elements. Industrial Applicability Since the display color tone does not change due to the surrounding environment, a display element having a laminated structure and capable of displaying color is applied. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a view showing an example of a reflection spectrum of a general liquid crystal display element using cholesteric liquid crystal. Fig. 2 is a view showing an example of a 10 reflection spectrum of a general crystal display element using a cholesteric liquid crystal. Fig. 3 is a view showing an example of a reflection spectrum of a general liquid crystal display element which does not use cholesteric liquid crystal. Fig. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the temperature of a general liquid crystal display element using a cholesteric liquid crystal and the reflectance in a vertical spiral state. 15 Figure 5 shows the reflection spectrum of a liquid crystal display element in a horizontal spiral state. The brothers 6(a) and (b) show the principle of the first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the reflection spectra of the respective layers of R, G, and B. Figs. 8(a) and 8(b) are explanatory views showing an example of a correction method 20 used in the first embodiment of the present invention. Figs. 9(a) and 9(b) are explanatory views showing an example of a correction method used in the first embodiment of the present invention. The drawings 10(a) and (b) are explanatory views of another example of the correction method used in the first embodiment of the present invention. 35 200816109 11(a) and (b) are explanatory views showing another example of the correction method used in the first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 12 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a display element according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a display element according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The 14th (a) and (b) diagrams show an example of the data structure stored in the correction coefficient of the image correction LUT. The 15th (a) and (b) diagrams show voltage waveforms applied to the signal electrode for one selection period of 10 minutes. Figures 16(a) and (b) show voltage waveforms applied to one selected period of the scan electrode. The 17th (4) and (b)th drawings show the voltage waveforms of one selected period of the liquid crystal layer applied to the pixel. 15 Fig. 18 shows an example of voltage-reflectance characteristics of cholesteric liquid crystal. Fig. 19 shows a variation of the image correction LUT. Fig. 20 is a block diagram showing the schematic configuration of a display system according to a second embodiment of the present invention. 21(a) and (b) are schematic views showing a cross-sectional structure of a liquid crystal display element 20 using cholesteric liquid crystal. Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing a sectional structure of a color liquid crystal display element using cholesteric liquid crystal. Fig. 23 is a view showing an example of a reflection spectrum of a liquid crystal display element having a laminated structure. 36 200816109 [Description of main component symbols] 20...drive 1C 50...signal electrode 25...calculation unit 54···display device 26...data control unit 55···calculation unit (control unit) 27···Temperature Sensor (Temperature Detection Unit) 56.··Data Server (Display Information Signal 29...Control Unit Sending Device) 30...Decoder 57...Temperature Sensor 31... LUT selector 58...display unit 32...image correction LUT 59...control unit 33...video conversion unit 60,61...transmission/reception unit 38...display unit 101B, 101G, 101R·.·liquid crystal layer 39B, 39G, 39R... Display layer 133: Liquid crystal molecules 42, 43... Substrate 143: Liquid crystal layer 44: Sealing material 146. · Liquid crystal display 46 · Liquid crystal layer (display layer) 48 ...scan electrode 147, 149..•substrate 37