200815873 九、發明說明： 【發^明屈之^技^ ί 發明領域 本發明關於驅動膽固醇液晶而顯示影像之液晶顯示元 5 件及使用該液晶顯示元件之電子紙。 I：先前技術1 發明背景 近年來，可電性地改寫晝面，且即使切斷電源亦能保 持影像顯示之電子紙的技術領域正急速的進行開發。正開 10發著用以實現電子紙具有超低電力消耗與適於觀看且不易 造成眼睛疲勞之反射型顯示以及具有如紙那般可撓性且薄 型的顯示體，以適用於電子書、電子新聞、電子海報等。 在颁示方式上，正開發著使帶電粒子移動於空氣中或 液體中的電泳方式、使分為二色之帶電粒子旋轉的扭轉球 15方式、利用液晶層之干擾反射之具有雙穩定性的選擇反射 型液晶方式。其中使用可顯示膽固醇相之液晶（稱為膽固醇 液晶或掌狀性液晶。以下稱膽固醇液晶）的膽固醇液晶方式 具有記憶體特性、低電力化、色彩顯示化等方面優異性。 第14圖係模式化地表示使用膽固醇液晶之可全彩顯示 2〇之液晶顯示元件51的剖面構造。液晶顯示元件51具有從顯 不面顺序地積層藍色(Β)顯示部46b、綠色(G)顯示部46g、紅 色(R)顯示部46r的構造。於圖式中，建構成上側的基板47b 側為顯不面’外來光源(實線箭頭)從基板47b上方朝向顯示 面射入。又’於基板47b上方係模式化表示觀測者的眼睛及 5 200815873 其觀察方向（虛線箭頭）。 B顯示部46b具有已封入於一對上下基板47b、4卯間的 監色(B)用液晶43b、可對B用液晶層43b施加預定之脈波電 壓的脈波電壓源41bG顯示部46g具有已封入於一對上下基 板47g、49g間的綠色（G)用液晶43g、可對G用液晶層43g施 加預定之脈波電壓的脈波電壓源41gC3R顯示部具有已封 入於一對上下基板47r、49r間的紅色(R)用液晶43b、可對R 用液晶層43r施加預定之脈波電壓的脈波電壓源41r。R顯示 口M6r之下基板49r背面配置著光吸收層45。 1〇 使用於各B、G、尺用液晶層43b、43g、43r之膽固醇液 晶係以數十wt%之掌狀性（掌徵性）之添加物（亦稱掌狀材） 含有率較大量地添加於扭轉性液晶的液晶混合物。一旦扭 轉性液晶以較大量地含有掌狀性材，則能形成將扭轉性液 晶分子強力地扭轉成螺旋狀的膽固醇相。 15 膽固醇液晶具有雙安定性（記憶性），依據調節施加於液 晶的電場強度而可呈平行螺旋狀態、垂直螺旋狀態或平行 螺方疋狀悲與垂直螺旋狀態混合存在之中間性狀態之其中任 何狀態，一旦形成平行螺旋狀態、垂直螺旋狀態或平行螺 旋狀悲與垂直螺旋狀態混合存在之中間性狀態，則之後即 20 使在無電場情形下呈穩定而保持其狀態。 平行螺旋狀怨係將預定的高電壓施加於上下基板47、 49間，並對液晶層43施予強電場之後，急劇地使電場設成 零而獲得。垂直螺旋狀態係例如將比前述高電壓低的預定 電壓施加於上下基板47、49間，並對液晶層43施予電場之 6 200815873 後，急劇地使電場設成零而獲得。 平行螺旋狀態與垂直螺旋狀態混合存在之中間性狀態 係例如將比可獲得垂直螺旋狀態之電壓低的電壓施加於上 下基板47、49間，並對液晶層43施予電場之後，急劇地使 5 電場設成零而獲得。 以B顯示部46b為例來說明使用了此膽固醇液晶的液晶 顯示元件51的顯示原理。第15圖（a)表示B顯示部46b之B用 液晶層43b於平行螺旋狀態中之膽固醇液晶之液晶分子33 的配向狀態。如第15圖（a)所示，在平行螺旋狀態下的液晶 10分子33朝向基板厚度方向順次地轉旋後形成螺旋構造，螺 旋構造的螺旋軸約垂直於基板面。 平行螺旋狀態的話，對應液晶分子33之螺旋間距之預 定波長領域的光會選擇性地在液晶層反射。此時，被反射 的光對應螺旋間距之掌狀性而呈左右任一側的圓偏光，此 15等以外的光會透過液晶層。由於自然光為左右圓偏光混入 的狀悲，可得知一旦自然光射入平行螺旋狀態中的液晶 層’則於預定波長領域中，入射光之會反射，5〇%會 透過。 將液晶層之平均折射率設為η，將螺旋間距設為p，則 2〇反射呈隶大的波長又能以又=η· ρ表示。 如此一來，在Β顯示部46b之Β用液晶層43b於平行螺旋 狀恶日寸要選擇性地反射藍色光，乃要決定平均折射率η及螺 方疋間距ρ以達到例如^ = 48〇nm。以選擇液晶材料及掌狀材 而能調整平均折射率n，以調整掌狀材之含有率而能調整螺 7 200815873 旋間距P。 第15圖（b)表示B顯示部46b之B用液晶層43b於垂直螺 旋狀態中之膽固醇液晶之液晶分子33的配向狀態。如第15 圖（b)所示’在垂直螺旋狀態下的液晶分子33朝向基板内面 5方向順次地轉旋後形成螺旋構造，螺旋構造的螺旋軸約平 行於基板面。垂直螺旋狀態的話，對B用液晶層43b失去反 射波長的選擇性，入射光幾乎全透過。透過光被配置在R 顯示部46r之下基板49r背面的光吸收層45吸收，因此可實現 暗（黑）顯示。 10 平行螺旋狀態與垂直螺旋狀態混合存在之中間性狀態 的話，係對應平行螺旋狀態與垂直螺旋狀態的存在比例而 調整反射光與透過光的比例，以改變反射光的強度。因此 可實現對應反射光強度之中間多灰階顯示。 如上所述，膽固醇液晶以扭轉成螺旋狀之液晶分子33 15 的配向狀態而能控制光的反射量。與上述B用液晶層43b同 樣地，將平行螺旋狀態時可選擇性地反射綠或紅的光的膽 固醇液晶，分別封入G用液晶層43g及R用液晶層43r而製作 全彩顯示之液晶顯示元件51。液晶顯示元件51具有記憶 性’改寫畫面時以外不會消耗電力而能全彩顯示。 2〇 專利文獻1 ··特開2000 — 310713號公報 專利文獻2 :特開平7 —230058號公報 【發明内容3 發明概要 從透過入射光之垂直螺旋狀態的性質，以將對向於影 8 200815873 像顯示面之背面側設置光吸收層的狀態，乃利用垂直螺旋 狀態作為黑色顯示。如此一來，反射型液晶方式以在顯示 元件的背面設置光吸收層的狀態，利用上述平行螺旋狀態 作為「明亮狀態」、而利用垂直螺旋狀態作為「黑暗顯示」 5 的構造為一般使用的構造。 第16圖係以例子表示背面未設置光吸收層之構造之液 晶顯示元件51的顯示。於背面未設置光吸收層之構造中， 以如第16圖（a)所示之箭頭來觀察液晶顯示元件51的表面。 依據液晶分子之螺旋間距的掌狀性（掌徵性），左右任一方之 10 圓偏光成分的光會透過液晶層，因此顯示面整體呈半透明 狀態（基板、其他生成膜的影響除外）。以此構造來觀察影像 顯示面時，如第16圖（b)所示，透過液晶顯示元件可觀察到 背景（顯示3棵樹）為半透明狀態，同時該背景中顯示影像 (「FUJITSU」文字）。 15 相對於此，將液晶顯示元件51反過來而從對向於影像 顯示面的背面來觀察，則如第16圖（c)所示，可觀察到半透 明的背景中反轉了原來顯示影像的影像。若是影像為左右 對稱之圖案的話固然無問題，但是左右非對稱具意義之圖 案或文字列等反轉顯示則不具意義。因此，背面未設置光 20 吸收層之構造的液晶顯不元件的話’將其液晶顯不元件反 過來從背面觀察時，會產生顯示反轉影像不良的問題。 本發明之目的在於提供改善了對向於影像顯示面之背 面側之顯示品質之液晶顯示元件及使用該液晶顯示元件的 電子紙。 200815873 上述目的依據一種液晶顯示元件而達成，而該液晶顯 示元件之特點在於具有：顯示部，該顯示部係將膽固醇液 晶您封於一對基板間者，而該膽固醇液晶在平行螺旋狀態 可反射預定選擇波長領域之預定旋轉之圓偏光的光，並讓 5剩餘的光透過，而在垂直螺旋狀態可透過約全部的光；以 及光學元件’該光學元件配置在對向於前述顯示部之影像 顯示面的背面側，可讓射入前述影像顯示面並從前述背面 側射出之光的至少一部分透過，且可讓從前述背面側朝向 前述影像顯示面之光之中前述預定旋轉之圓偏光之光以外 10 的光射入前述背面側。 如上述本發明之液晶顯示元件，其特點更在於前述光 學元件係圓偏光板。又，前述圓偏光板之特點更在於具有 從入射光射出直線偏光之光的直線偏光板、以及相對於前 述直線偏光板之光透過軸，遲相軸傾斜45。配置的λ /4 15 板，且前述λ/4板對向於前述背面。 又’如上述本發明之液晶顯示元件，其特點更在於具 有一顯示部，該顯示部係與前述顯示部積層，且該顯示部 係將膽固醇液晶密封於一對基板間者，而該膽固醇液晶可 反射與前述顯示部之前述膽固醇液晶之前述選擇波長領域 20不同選擇波長領域的光。 又’如上述本發明之液晶顯示元件，其特點更在於前 述光學元件更具有另一液晶層，而該另一液晶層係將膽固 醇液晶密封於一對基板間者，而該膽固醇液晶可反射預定 選擇波長領域之預定旋轉之圓偏光的光，並讓剩餘的光透 10 200815873 過。 又，如上述本發明之液晶顯示元件，其特點更在於前 述光學元件之前述液晶層之前述預定選擇波長領域，包含 前述顯示部之前述液晶層之前述預定選擇波長領域。或 5 是，前述光學元件之前述液晶層之前述預定選擇波長領 域，包含全部前述顯示部之前述液晶層之前述預定選擇波 長領域。而且，其特點更在於前述光學元件之前述液晶層 之前述膽固醇液晶與前述顯示部之前述液晶層之前述膽固 醇液晶的掌狀性相同。又，其特點更在於前述光學元件之 10 前述膽固醇液晶維持著平行螺旋狀態。又，其特點更在於 前述光學元件之前述膽固醇液晶與前述顯示部之前述膽固 醇液晶為相同材料。又，其特點更在於前述光學元件具有 配向膜，該配向膜係形成在前述一對基板與前述液晶層之 界面之至少一側且係經摩擦處理者。其特點更在於前述摩 15 擦處理之摩擦密度為20以上。 又，如上述本發明之液晶顯示元件，其特點更在於具 有複數組前述顯示部與前述光學元件之組。又，其特點更 在於積層前述複數顯示部，且於該背面積層著前述複數光 學元件。又，其特點更在於前述複數顯示部係從顯示面以 20 反射藍色光之第1顯示部、反射綠色光之第2顯示部、反射 紅色光之第3顯示部的順序積層。 又，上述目的依據具有上述本發明之液晶顯示元件之 電子紙而達成。 發明效果 11 200815873 依據本發明可實現改善對向於影像顯示面之背面之顯 示品質的液晶顯示元件及使用該液晶顯示元件之電子紙。 圖式簡單說明 第1圖表示依據本發明之第1實施樣態所構成之液晶顯 5 示元件1的概略構造。 第2圖係模式化表示依據本發明之第1實施樣態所構成 之液晶顯示元件1的剖面圖。 第3圖說明依據本發明之第1實施樣態所構成之液晶顯 示元件1之影像顯示的動作。 10 第4圖（a)、（b)表示依據本發明之第1實施樣態所構成之 液晶顯示元件1之驅動波形的一例。 第5圖表示依據本發明之第1實施樣態所構成之液晶顯 示元件1之膽固醇液晶之電壓一反射率特性的一例。 第6圖⑷〜⑷表示依據本發明之第1實施樣態所構成 15 之液晶顯示元件1之影像顯示的效果。 第7圖表示依據本發明之第2實施樣態所構成之液晶顯 示元件1的概略構造。 第8圖係模式化表示依據本發明之第2實施樣態所構成 之液晶顯不元件1的剖面構造。 20 第9圖係模式化表示依據本發明之第3實施樣態所構成 之液晶顯示元件1的剖面構造。 第10圖說明依據本發明之第3實施樣態所構成之液晶 顯示元件1之影像顯示的動作。 第11圖（a)〜（c)說明依據本發明之第3實施樣態所構成 12 200815873 摩擦處理而能控制射入光學元件α 2之光的反射角的指向 性。 第12圖係模式化表示依據本發明之第4實施樣態所構 成之液晶顯示元件1的剖面構造。 5 第13圖表示液晶顯示元件在平行螺旋狀態之反射光譜 的一例。 第Μ圖係模式化表示習知可全彩顯示之液晶顯示元件 的剖面構造。 第b圖（a)、（b)係模式化表示習知之液晶顯示元件之一 10 液晶層的剖面構造。 第16圖（a)〜（c)例示習知液晶顯示元件之背面未設置 光吸收層之構造的顯示。 t實施方式]j 較佳實施例之詳細說明 15 [第1實施樣態] 使用第1圖至第6圖來說明依據本發明之第丨實施樣態 所構成之液晶顯示元件及具有該液晶顯示元件的電子紙。 第1圖表示依據本發明之第丨實施樣態所構成之液晶顯示元 件1的概略構造。第2圖係模式化表示以平行於第丨圖之左右 20方向的直線來切斷液晶顯示元件1的剖面構造。 如第1圖及第2圖所示，液晶顯示元件丨具有B顯示部 6b，該B顯示部6b具有對向配置之一對上下基板713、％、及 密封於兩基板7b、％間且在平行螺旋狀態下將藍(B)色光作 為選擇波長領域並選擇性地反射的B用液晶層3b。 13 200815873 B用液晶層3b由膽固醇液晶所構成，該膽固醇液晶具備 可凋整平均折射率η或螺旋間距P而呈右旋光性（掌狀性向 右）以選擇性地反射藍色的光，而在平行螺旋狀態下反射藍 色的右圓偏光的光而使以外的光透過，且在垂直螺旋狀態 5下使約全部的光透過。 第1圖之紙面前方及第2圖上方為Β顯示部6b的影像顯 示面的一側。對向於影像顯示面之背面的一側配置著光學 元件α 1，該光學元件α 1可使射入影像顯示面並從背面射 出之光的至少一部分透過，且可使從背面的一側朝向影像 10 顯示面之一側的光之中右圓偏光以外的光射入背面。 如第2圖所示，本實施樣態之光學元件α 1係將直線偏 光板/5 1與1/4波長（又/4)板冷2予以貼合的圓偏光板（以 下因應需要而標記成圓偏光板α 1)。圓偏光板α 1配置成λ /4板/5 2—側的面對著Β顯示部6b。光學元件1建構成在 15 可見光領域概具圓偏光板的功能。 使用第3圖來說明依據本實施樣態所構成之液晶顯示 元件1之影像顯示的動作。第3圖係將液晶顯示元件1之B顯 示部6b、圓偏光板α 1之λ /4板冷2及直線偏光板万1，以 此順序從圖左朝向右上於直線2軸之正方向分離且排列的 20 立體圖。 考慮到與2軸正交之xy面’乃將β顯示部設於xiyi面 内，將λ /4板万2設於x2y2面内，將直線偏光板/5 1設於 x3y3面内。為便於理解，B顯示部6b之前的xOyO面内設有背 景bg〇，直線偏光板/5 1之前的x4y4面内設有背景bgl。又， 200815873 當然X〇、Xl、X2、X3、χ4 分別平行，y〇、yl、y2、y3、y4 分別平行，xO至X^y0l^y4正交。又，本發明的話，朝向 光進行方向看去，將順時鐘方向之圓偏光稱為右圓偏光， 將反時鐘方向之圓偏光稱為左圓偏光。 5 說明圓偏光板α1的構成。直線偏光板/5 1之光透過軸 (正交於光吸收軸的方向）al以朝+2方向看去，係配置成從 軸y3朝反時鐘方向傾斜45。。換言之，光透過軸al以朝—z 方向看去，係配置成從軸y3朝順時鐘方向傾斜45。。 又，久/4板/5 2之遲相軸(相位遲之軸>2平行於軸y2。 因此，直線偏光板/5 1之光透過軸al與λ /4板/5 2之遲 相軸a2所形成之角為^。。從又/料反万：朝向直線偏光板点 1的方向（+ Z方向）來看，光透過軸al相對於遲相軸a2朝反時 4里方向轉旋45 ，從直線偏光板1朝向；^ /4板；3 2的方向 方向）來看，遲相軸a2相對於光透過軸“朝反時鐘方向 15轉旋45。。 首先’說明從x〇y〇面側來觀察xlyl面之B顯示部6b之影 像顯示面時所獲得之影像。從x〇y〇面射入B顯示部6b之影像 顯示面的光，在B用液晶層3b之膽固醇液晶呈平行螺旋狀態 的領域僅反射藍色的右圓偏光成分，除此之外的光會透 〇 過。而膽固醇液晶呈垂直螺旋狀態的領域約透過全部的光。 另一方面，從x4y4側射入直線偏光板/3 1的光，具有光 透過軸al方向之偏光方位的直線偏光成分會透過直線偏光 板/31而射入λ/4板/52。已射入λ/4板冷2光呈左圓偏光 而射入Β顯示部6b的背面。Β用液晶層3b之膽固醇液晶僅反 15 200815873 射藍色之右圓偏光的光，因此射入B用液晶層讣背面之左圓 偏光的背景光全部透過膽固醇液晶而從影像顯示面射出。 藉此，從影像顯示面，透過液晶顯示元件丨可看見之彩色的 背景bgl之中，可觀察到以B顯示部6b顯示之藍色的影像。 5 其次，說明從x4y4面側觀察x3y3面之直線偏光板召j， 亦即kx4y4面側觀察對向於影像顯示面之背面側時所獲得 之影像。從x4y4面側射入直線偏光板召丨的光，其具有光透 過軸al方向之偏光方位的直線偏光成分會透過直線偏光板 点卜剩下的*會被直線偏光板^吸收(在直線偏 10之表面反射極少）。 透過直線偏光板yj丨而射入λ/4板万2之光如上所述 構成左圓偏光，因此從；1/4板/52射出而射入；8顯示部613 之光全部透過Β顯示部6b，而不會產生在Β顯示部补的反射 光。 5 另一方面，從X 0 y 0面側射入B顯示部6 b之影像顯示面的 光如上所述’ B用液晶層3b之膽固醇液晶在平行螺旋狀態之 領域之藍色右圓偏光以外的光、以及膽固醇液晶在垂直螺 旋狀態之領域約全部的光會從背面射出。 此等光會射入λ/4板/32，且左圓偏光之光會被變換 成具有與直線偏光板/5 1之光透過軸ai平行之偏光方位的 直線偏光，而右圓偏光之光會被變換成具有與直線偏光板 /3 1之光透過軸al正交之偏光方位的直線偏光之後，射入直 線偏光板沒1。在直線偏光板僅會透過具有與光透過軸 al平行之偏光方位的直線偏光，其他光則會被吸收。藉此， 16 200815873 夜晶顯示元件1之背面不會顯示在B顯示部6b顯示之影 &象〇僅可觀察到透過液晶顯示元件丨而可見之彩色的背景 5層3b又’亦可以具有右旋光性之膽固醇液晶來構成B用液晶 ^ 此h形下，光學元件α 1建構成從背面側朝向影像顯 艮不面側的光之中，可使左圓偏光之光以外的光夙入背面。 2，直線偏光板万1之光透過軸al*+z方向觀看係配置成 /軸y3朝順時鐘方向傾斜45。。換言之，光透過軸“I由—z 1〇方向觀看係配置成從軸y3朝反時鐘方向傾斜45。。又，；i / 4板/52之遲相軸32平行於軸乂2。因此，直線偏光板点1之光 透過軸31與；1/4板/52之遲相軸32所形成之角呈45。。從；1 /4板召2朝向直線偏光板厶丨之方向（+ z方向）觀看的話，光 透過轴al相對於遲相軸a2朝順時鐘方向傾斜45。，從直線偏 光板/5 1朝λ /4板/3 2方向（一z方向）觀看的話，遲相軸。 15相對於光透過軸al朝順時鐘方向傾斜45。。 第6圖表示依據本實施樣態所構成之影像顯示的效 果。如第6圖（a)之箭頭所示觀察液晶顯示元件丨的表面。藉 著液晶分子之螺旋間距的掌狀性而使左右其中之圓偏光成 分的光透過液晶層，因此畫面整體呈半透明狀態。以此構 〇 4觀察影像顯示面，則如第6圖（b)所示，可觀察到透過液晶 顯示元件而使背景（表示三棵樹)為半透明狀態，且於該背景 中顯示影像（「FUJITSU」的文字）。 相對於此，將液晶顯示元件1反過來而從對向於影像顯 示面的背面來觀察，則如第6圖（c)所示，僅可觀察到半透明 17 200815873 的背景。因此，顯示影像左右非對稱且具有意義之圖案或 文字列等的情形下，由於背面不會反轉顯示該影像，因此 能提供可改善對向於影像顯示面之背面側之顯示品質之液 晶顯示元件及使用該液晶顯示元件之電子紙。 5 (比較例） 說明依據在無圓偏光板α 1之習知構造所構成之液晶 顯示元件之影像顯示的動作，以作為比較例。首先，說明 從xOyO面側來觀察xlyl面之Β顯示部6b之影像顯示面時所 獲得之影像。從x〇y〇面射入B顯示部6b之影像顯示面的光， 10 在B用液晶層3b之膽固醇液晶呈平行螺旋狀態的領域反射 藍色的右圓偏光成分，除此之外的光會透過。而膽固醇液 晶呈垂直螺旋狀態的領域約透過全部的光。 另一方面，從x4y4面側射入對向於B顯示部6b之影像顯 示面之背面的光，亦在B用液晶層3b之膽固醇液晶呈平行螺 15 旋狀態的領域反射藍色的右圓偏光成分，除此之外的光會 透過。而膽固醇液晶呈垂直螺旋狀態的領域約透過全部的 光。 藉此，如第16圖（b)所示，從影像顯示面透過液晶顯示 元件可看見之彩色的背景bgl之中，可觀察到以B顯示部6b 20 顯示之藍色的影像。又，如第16圖（c)所示，從背面透過液 晶顯示元件可看見之彩色的背景bgO之中，可觀察到以B顯 示部6b顯示之藍色之影像的反轉影像。又，可觀察到的背 景bgO、bgl比具有圓偏光板α 1之本實施樣態更明亮。 上述實施樣態使用了在平行螺旋狀態反射藍色光的膽 18 200815873 固醇液晶，惟，亦可取代此而使用在平行螺旋狀態反射綠 色光的膽固醇液晶或反射紅色光的膽固醇液晶。分別可使 影像顯示面顯示綠或紅的影像。 依據本實施樣態，於顯示畫面側可於彩色背景中顯示 5影像，且從背面不顯示影像而僅可觀察到彩色的背景。 其次’詳細說明依據本實施樣態所構成之液晶顯示元 件1之具體的構成及驅動方法等。 構成B用液晶層3b之膽固醇液晶係以數10〜4〇wt%之 阜狀性材添加於扭轉性液晶的液晶混合物。掌狀性材之添 10加率係扭轉性液晶成分與掌狀性材之合計量設為100wt% 時之值。雖然可使用習知眾所周知之各種材料作為扭轉性 液晶’但是為了達到較低的液晶層3b的驅動電壓，介電率 異方向性△ ε最好是20$ △ ε $50。又，膽固醇液晶之折 射率異方向性Δη最好是0.18$ Δη$ 0.24。若是折射率異方 15 向性Δη比此範圍小，則在平行螺旋狀態之β用液晶層3b的 反射率會變低，若是比此範圍大，則B用液晶層3b在垂直螺 旋狀態之散射反射會變大，黏度亦會變高而降低反應速度。 上基板7b及下基板9b必須具有透光性。本實施樣態使 用切斷成縱橫長度為10(cm) X 8(cm)大小之二片聚碳酸酯 20 (PC)薄膜基板。又，亦可取代PC基板而使用玻璃基板或聚 對苯二甲酸乙二酸酯(PET)等薄膜基板。此等薄膜基板具有 充分的可撓性。 如第1圖及第2圖所示，於B顯示部6b之下基板9b之B用 液晶層3b側並列形成有朝向第1圖中之上下方向延伸之複 19 200815873 數帶狀的貢料電極19b。又，第2圖之符號19b表示複數之資 料電極19b的存在領域。又，於上基板7b2Bffi液晶層孙側 亚列形成有朝向第1圖中之左右方向延伸之複數帶狀的資 料電極17b。如第1圖所示，從電極形成面之法線方向觀看 5上下基板7b、9b，複數的掃描電極17b與資料電極19b相互 父叉對向配置。本實施樣態將透明電極圖案化而形成 〇.24mm間距之條帶狀之24〇條掃描電極nb及32〇條的資料 電極19b，以能達到240 χ 32〇點之QVGA顯示。兩電極 與19b之各交叉領域分別為藍顯示用之B像素12b。複數的b 10像素12b配置成240 χ 320列的陣列狀。 掃描電極17b及資料電極19b之形成材料代表性的例如 為銦錫氧化物(indium Tin Oxide ; ITO)，此外可使用銦辞氧 化物(indium Zic 〇xide ; IZ0)等透明導電膜，鋁或矽等金屬 電極，或非晶質矽等非透明導電膜等。 15 安裝有用以驅動複數掃描電極17b之掃描電極用驅動 器1C之掃描電極驅動電路25連接於上基板％。又，安裝有 用以驅動複數資料電極19b之資料電極用驅圯之資料電極 驅動電路27連接於下基板％。包含著掃描電極驅動電路25 及資料電極驅動電路27而構成驅動部24。 〇 掃描電極驅動電路25建構成依據從控制電路23輸出之 預定信號而選擇預定之掃描電極17b，並對掃描電極i7b同 時輸出掃描信號。相對於此，資料電極驅動電路27建構成 依據從控制電路23輸出之預定信號，而將相對於經選擇之 掃描電極17b上的B像素12b的影像資料信號，分別輸出至資 20 200815873 料電極19b。掃描電極用及資料電極用驅動抓可使用例如 TCP(捲f式封裝）構造之泛用的STN用驅動器。 兩電極17b、19b上分別塗上絕緣膜及用以控制液晶分 子之配列之配向膜（均未以圖式顯示）作為功能膜為宜。絕緣 5膜具有防止電極17b、19b間之短路或作為氣體屏蔽層而提 昇液晶顯示元件1之可靠度的功能。又，可使用聚醯亞胺樹 脂、聚醯胺亞胺樹脂、聚醚亞胺樹脂、聚乙烯醇縮丁醛樹 脂及丙烯酸酯樹脂等無機材料作為配向膜。本實施樣態例 如於電極17b、1%上的基板全面塗上（c〇ading)配向膜。配 10 向膜亦可兼用絕緣性薄膜。 如第2圖所示，藉著塗在上下基板、％之外周圍的密 封材21b而使B用液晶層3b被密封在兩基板7b、％間。又， B用液晶層3b之厚度（晶胞間距)d必須保持成均一。為了維 持預定的晶胞間距d，將樹脂製或無機氧化物製之球狀間隔 15 件(spacer)散置於B用液晶層3b内，或將柱狀間隔件多數形 成在B用液晶層3b内。於本實施樣態之液晶顯示元件丨，在 B用液晶層3b内亦插入間隔件（圖式未顯示）而保持晶胞門 距d的均一性。B用液晶層3b之晶胞間距d最好是在3# S 6 /z m的範圍。若是晶胞間距d比此範圍小，則在平行螺方走 20 狀態的液晶層3b的反射率會變低，若是比此範圍大，則驅 動電壓會變得過高。 其次，使用第4圖來說明液晶顯示元件1之驅動方法。 第4圖表示液晶顯示元件1之驅動波形的一例。第4圖（a)表示 用以使膽固醇液晶呈平行螺旋狀態的驅動波形，第4圖（b) 21 200815873 表示用以使膽固醇液晶呈垂直螺旋狀態的驅動波形。於第* 圖⑷及第4_中，圖的上段表示從資料電極驅動電物 輸出之資料信號電壓波形Vd，圖的中段表示從掃描電極驅 動電路25輸出之掃描信號電壓波形Vs，圖的下段表示施力= 5於Β用液晶層3b之像素12b的施加電壓波形％ 也加 圖的左側向右側表不經過時間 又，於第4 ^間，圖的 圖⑷及第4圖（b)中， 上下方向表示電壓。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display element for displaying an image by driving a cholesteric liquid crystal, and an electronic paper using the liquid crystal display element. I. Prior Art 1 Background of the Invention In recent years, the technical field of electronic paper which can electrically rewrite a kneading surface and maintain image display even when the power is turned off is rapidly developing. The positive opening 10 is a reflective display for realizing ultra-low power consumption of electronic paper and suitable for viewing and not easily causing eye fatigue, and a display body which is flexible and thin like paper, and is suitable for e-books and electronics. News, electronic posters, etc. In the presentation method, an electrophoresis method in which charged particles are moved in air or in a liquid, a torsion ball 15 in which charged particles divided into two colors are rotated, and a double-stability using interference reflection of a liquid crystal layer are being developed. Select the reflective liquid crystal method. Among them, a cholesteric liquid crystal method using a liquid crystal capable of displaying a cholesterol phase (referred to as a cholesterol liquid crystal or a palm-shaped liquid crystal, hereinafter referred to as a cholesteric liquid crystal) has excellent memory characteristics, low power, and color display. Fig. 14 is a view schematically showing a cross-sectional structure of a liquid crystal display element 51 which can be displayed in full color using a cholesteric liquid crystal. The liquid crystal display element 51 has a structure in which a blue (Β) display portion 46b, a green (G) display portion 46g, and a red (R) display portion 46r are sequentially stacked from the display surface. In the drawing, the side of the substrate 47b which is formed on the upper side is a display surface. The external light source (solid arrow) is incident from the upper side of the substrate 47b toward the display surface. Further, the upper surface of the substrate 47b is patterned to indicate the observer's eyes and 5 200815873 its observation direction (dashed arrow). The B display portion 46b has a liquid crystal 43b for color monitoring (B) sealed between the pair of upper and lower substrates 47b and 4, and a pulse wave voltage source 41bG display portion 46g for applying a predetermined pulse wave voltage to the liquid crystal layer 43b for B. The green (G) liquid crystal 43g sealed between the pair of upper and lower substrates 47g and 49g and the pulse wave voltage source 41gC3R display portion capable of applying a predetermined pulse wave voltage to the G liquid crystal layer 43g are sealed in a pair of upper and lower substrates 47r. A red (R) liquid crystal 43b between 49r and a pulse wave voltage source 41r capable of applying a predetermined pulse wave voltage to the R liquid crystal layer 43r. The light absorbing layer 45 is disposed on the back surface of the substrate 49r under the R display port M6r. 1) The cholesteric liquid crystal system used for each of the B, G, and ruler liquid crystal layers 43b, 43g, and 43r has a large content of tens of weight percent of palm-like (palm) A liquid crystal mixture added to a torsional liquid crystal. When the twisted liquid crystal contains a palm-shaped material in a large amount, a cholesterol phase in which the torsional liquid crystal molecules are strongly twisted into a spiral shape can be formed. 15 Cholesterol liquid crystal has double stability (memory), which can be in the state of parallel spiral state, vertical spiral state or parallel spiral shape and vertical spiral state depending on the electric field strength applied to the liquid crystal. The state, once a parallel spiral state, a vertical spiral state, or an intermediate state in which a parallel spiral sorrow and a vertical spiral state are mixed is formed, then 20 is stabilized in the absence of an electric field to maintain its state. The parallel spiral repulsion is obtained by applying a predetermined high voltage between the upper and lower substrates 47 and 49, applying a strong electric field to the liquid crystal layer 43, and rapidly setting the electric field to zero. The vertical spiral state is obtained, for example, by applying a predetermined voltage lower than the above-described high voltage between the upper and lower substrates 47 and 49, and applying an electric field to the liquid crystal layer 43 200815873, and then rapidly setting the electric field to zero. The intermediate state in which the parallel spiral state and the vertical spiral state are mixed is, for example, a voltage lower than a voltage at which a vertical spiral state can be obtained is applied between the upper and lower substrates 47 and 49, and an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layer 43, and then 5 is sharply made. The electric field is obtained by setting it to zero. The display principle of the liquid crystal display element 51 using this cholesteric liquid crystal will be described by taking the B display portion 46b as an example. Fig. 15(a) shows the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules 33 of the cholesteric liquid crystal in the parallel spiral state of the B liquid crystal layer 43b of the B display portion 46b. As shown in Fig. 15(a), the liquid crystal 10 molecules 33 in the parallel spiral state are sequentially rotated toward the substrate thickness direction to form a spiral structure, and the spiral axis of the spiral structure is approximately perpendicular to the substrate surface. In the parallel spiral state, light of a predetermined wavelength region corresponding to the helical pitch of the liquid crystal molecules 33 is selectively reflected in the liquid crystal layer. At this time, the reflected light corresponds to the palm shape of the spiral pitch and is circularly polarized on either side of the left and right sides, and light other than 15 passes through the liquid crystal layer. Since the natural light is a mixture of left and right circularly polarized light, it can be known that once the natural light is incident on the liquid crystal layer in the state of the parallel spiral, the incident light is reflected in the predetermined wavelength region, and 5 〇% is transmitted. When the average refractive index of the liquid crystal layer is η and the pitch of the spiral is set to p, the wavelength at which the reflection of the 〇 is large can be expressed by η·η·ρ. In this way, the liquid crystal layer 43b is selectively reflected by the liquid crystal layer 43b in the parallel spiral shape, and the average refractive index η and the pitch ρ are determined to reach, for example, ^=48〇. Nm. The average refractive index n can be adjusted by selecting the liquid crystal material and the palm material to adjust the content of the palm material to adjust the spin pitch P of 200815873. Fig. 15(b) shows the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules 33 of the cholesteric liquid crystal in the vertical spiral state of the B liquid crystal layer 43b of the B display portion 46b. As shown in Fig. 15(b), the liquid crystal molecules 33 in the vertical spiral state are sequentially rotated toward the inner surface 5 of the substrate to form a spiral structure, and the spiral axis of the spiral structure is approximately parallel to the substrate surface. In the case of the vertical spiral state, the liquid crystal layer 43b for B loses the selectivity of the reflection wavelength, and the incident light is almost completely transmitted. The transmitted light is absorbed by the light absorbing layer 45 disposed on the back surface of the substrate 49r under the R display portion 46r, so that dark (black) display can be realized. 10 If the parallel spiral state is mixed with the vertical spiral state, the ratio of the reflected light to the transmitted light is adjusted to change the intensity of the reflected light in accordance with the ratio of the existence of the parallel spiral state to the vertical spiral state. Therefore, an intermediate multi-gray scale display corresponding to the intensity of the reflected light can be realized. As described above, the cholesteric liquid crystal can control the amount of reflection of light by the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules 33 15 which are twisted into a spiral shape. Similarly to the above-described liquid crystal layer 43b for B, a liquid crystal display in which a green or red light can be selectively reflected in a parallel spiral state is sealed in a liquid crystal layer 43g for G and a liquid crystal layer 43r for R to produce a liquid crystal display of a full color display. Element 51. The liquid crystal display element 51 has a memory-capable display in full color without consuming power other than when the screen is rewritten. 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 The state in which the light absorbing layer is provided on the back side of the display surface is displayed in black using the vertical spiral state. In the reflective liquid crystal system, the structure in which the light absorbing layer is provided on the back surface of the display element, the parallel spiral state is used as the "bright state", and the vertical spiral state is used as the "dark display" 5 is a generally used structure. . Fig. 16 is a view showing, by way of example, a display of a liquid crystal display element 51 having a structure in which a light absorbing layer is not provided on the back surface. In the structure in which the light absorbing layer is not provided on the back surface, the surface of the liquid crystal display element 51 is observed by an arrow as shown in Fig. 16(a). Depending on the palm-like nature of the helical pitch of the liquid crystal molecules, the light of the 10 circular polarizing components of either of the left and right sides passes through the liquid crystal layer, so that the entire display surface is translucent (except for the influence of the substrate and other formed films). When the image display surface is observed in this configuration, as shown in FIG. 16(b), the background (displayed 3 trees) is observed to be translucent through the liquid crystal display element, and the image is displayed in the background ("FUJITSU" text. ). On the other hand, when the liquid crystal display element 51 is reversed and viewed from the back surface opposite to the image display surface, as shown in FIG. 16(c), it is observed that the original display image is reversed in the translucent background. Image. If the image is a left-right symmetrical pattern, there is no problem, but the reversed display of the left-right asymmetric meaning pattern or character string is meaningless. Therefore, when the liquid crystal display element having the structure of the light absorbing layer is not provided on the back surface, when the liquid crystal display element is reversely viewed from the back side, there is a problem that the reverse image is defective. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display element having improved display quality on the back side of an image display surface and an electronic paper using the liquid crystal display element. 200815873 The above object is achieved according to a liquid crystal display device, characterized in that the liquid crystal display device is characterized in that: the display portion is a liquid crystal liquid crystal sealed between a pair of substrates, and the liquid crystal liquid crystal is reflected in a parallel spiral state. It is predetermined to select a circularly polarized light of a predetermined rotation in the wavelength region, and to transmit 5 remaining light, and to transmit about all of the light in a vertical spiral state; and an optical element 'the optical element is disposed in an image opposite to the display portion On the back side of the display surface, at least a portion of the light incident on the image display surface and emitted from the back surface side can be transmitted, and the predetermined rotation of the light from the back surface side toward the image display surface can be made. Light other than 10 is incident on the back side. The liquid crystal display element of the present invention as described above is further characterized in that the optical element is a circularly polarizing plate. Further, the circular polarizing plate is characterized in that it has a linear polarizing plate that emits linearly polarized light from incident light, and a light transmission axis with respect to the linear polarizing plate, and the retardation axis is inclined by 45. The λ / 4 15 plate is configured, and the aforementioned λ/4 plate is opposed to the aforementioned back surface. Further, the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is characterized in that it has a display portion which is laminated with the display portion, and the display portion seals the cholesteric liquid crystal between the pair of substrates, and the cholesteric liquid crystal It is possible to reflect light of a selected wavelength region different from the aforementioned selected wavelength region 20 of the cholesteric liquid crystal of the display portion. Further, the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is characterized in that the optical element further has another liquid crystal layer, and the other liquid crystal layer seals the cholesteric liquid crystal between the pair of substrates, and the cholesteric liquid crystal can be reflected. Select a predetermined rotating circularly polarized light in the wavelength field and let the remaining light pass through 10 200815873. Further, the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is characterized in that the predetermined wavelength range of the liquid crystal layer of the optical element includes the predetermined wavelength range of the liquid crystal layer of the display portion. Or 5, wherein the predetermined wavelength range of the liquid crystal layer of the optical element includes the predetermined selection wavelength range of the liquid crystal layer of all of the display portions. Further, it is characterized in that the cholesteric liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer of the optical element is the same as the palm shape of the cholesteric liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer of the display portion. Further, it is characterized in that the cholesteric liquid crystal of the optical element 10 is maintained in a parallel spiral state. Further, the cholesteric liquid crystal of the optical element is the same material as the cholesteric liquid crystal of the display unit. Further, the optical element is characterized in that the optical element has an alignment film formed on at least one side of the interface between the pair of substrates and the liquid crystal layer and subjected to rubbing treatment. The feature is that the friction density of the aforementioned rubbing treatment is 20 or more. Further, the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is characterized in that it has a plurality of sets of the display portion and the optical element. Further, it is characterized in that the plurality of display portions are laminated, and the plurality of optical elements are laminated on the back surface. Further, the plurality of display portions are laminated in the order of the first display portion that reflects blue light from the display surface 20, the second display portion that reflects green light, and the third display portion that reflects red light. Further, the above object is achieved in accordance with the electronic paper having the liquid crystal display element of the present invention described above. EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION 11 200815873 According to the present invention, it is possible to realize a liquid crystal display element which improves the display quality of the back surface of the image display surface and an electronic paper using the liquid crystal display element. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a view showing a schematic configuration of a liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 3 is a view showing the operation of image display of the liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention. (Fig. 4(a) and 4(b) are diagrams showing an example of driving waveforms of the liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 5 is a view showing an example of voltage-reflectance characteristics of the cholesteric liquid crystal of the liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in the first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 6 (4) to (4) show the effect of image display of the liquid crystal display element 1 of the first embodiment according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 7 is a view showing a schematic configuration of a liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing a cross-sectional structure of a liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 9 is a schematic view showing a cross-sectional structure of a liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 10 is a view showing the operation of image display of the liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in accordance with the third embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 11 (a) to (c) illustrate the directivity of the reflection angle of the light incident on the optical element α 2 by the rubbing treatment according to the third embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 12 is a schematic sectional view showing the cross-sectional structure of a liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention. 5 Fig. 13 shows an example of a reflection spectrum of a liquid crystal display element in a parallel spiral state. The second diagram is a schematic representation of the cross-sectional structure of a liquid crystal display element of a conventional full color display. Fig. b (a) and (b) schematically show the cross-sectional structure of one of the liquid crystal display elements of the conventional liquid crystal display element. Fig. 16 (a) to (c) show the display of the structure in which the light absorbing layer is not provided on the back surface of the conventional liquid crystal display element. t EMBODIMENT] The detailed description of the preferred embodiment 15 [First Embodiment] A liquid crystal display element constructed in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention and having the liquid crystal display will be described using Figs. 1 to 6 Electronic paper for components. Fig. 1 shows a schematic configuration of a liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the cross-sectional structure of the liquid crystal display element 1 being cut by a straight line parallel to the left and right directions of the second figure. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the liquid crystal display element 丨 has a B display portion 6b having a pair of upper and lower substrates 713 and % disposed opposite to each other and sealed between the two substrates 7b and %. The blue (B) color light is used as the liquid crystal layer 3b for B which selectively reflects the wavelength region in the parallel spiral state. 13 200815873 The B liquid crystal layer 3b is composed of a cholesteric liquid crystal having a right-handed optical property η or a helical pitch P and a right-handed light (palm-shaped rightward) to selectively reflect blue light. On the other hand, the blue right circularly polarized light is reflected in the parallel spiral state to transmit the other light, and about the entire light is transmitted in the vertical spiral state 5. The front side of the paper surface in Fig. 1 and the upper side of Fig. 2 are the side of the image display surface of the Β display portion 6b. An optical element α 1 is disposed on a side facing the back surface of the image display surface, and the optical element α 1 can transmit at least a portion of the light incident on the image display surface and emitted from the back surface, and can be oriented from the side of the back surface Among the light on one side of the image display surface, light other than the right circular polarization is incident on the back surface. As shown in Fig. 2, the optical element α 1 of the present embodiment is a circularly polarizing plate in which a linear polarizing plate/5 1 and a 1/4 wavelength (and /4) plate are cooled 2 (the following is marked as needed) Round polarizing plate α 1). The circular polarizing plate α 1 is disposed so that the λ /4 plate/5 2 - side faces the Β display portion 6b. The optical element 1 is constructed to have a circular polarizing plate function in the visible light field. The operation of the image display of the liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in accordance with the present embodiment will be described using Fig. 3. In the third drawing, the B display portion 6b of the liquid crystal display element 1, the λ/4 plate cold 2 of the circularly polarizing plate α1, and the linear polarizing plate 1 are separated in this order from the left side toward the upper right side in the positive direction of the straight line 2 axis. And arranged in a 20-dimensional view. It is considered that the xy plane orthogonal to the two axes is such that the β display portion is provided in the xiyi plane, the λ /4 plate 2 is placed in the x2y2 plane, and the linear polarizing plate / 5 1 is placed in the x3y3 plane. For the sake of understanding, the background bg 设有 is provided in the xOyO plane before the B display portion 6b, and the background bgl is provided in the x4y4 plane before the linear polarizing plate /5 1 . Also, 200815873 Of course, X〇, Xl, X2, X3, and χ4 are parallel, respectively, and y〇, yl, y2, y3, and y4 are parallel, respectively, and xO to X^y0l^y4 are orthogonal. Further, in the present invention, the circularly polarized light in the clockwise direction is referred to as the right circularly polarized light, and the circularly polarized light in the counterclockwise direction is referred to as the left circularly polarized light. 5 The configuration of the circular polarizing plate α1 will be described. The light transmission axis of the linear polarizing plate / 5 1 (the direction orthogonal to the light absorption axis) a1 is viewed in the +2 direction, and is arranged to be inclined 45 from the axis y3 toward the counterclockwise direction. . In other words, the light transmission axis a is viewed in the -z direction and is arranged to be inclined 45 from the axis y3 in the clockwise direction. . Also, the long-term / 4 plate / 5 2 slow phase axis (phase axis is slow > 2 parallel to the axis y2. Therefore, the linear polarizing plate / 5 1 light transmission axis a1 and λ / 4 plate / 5 2 delay phase The angle formed by the axis a2 is ^. From the direction of the reversal of the linear polarizing plate 1 (+ Z direction), the light transmitting axis a1 is rotated in the reverse direction with respect to the slow axis a2. Rotate 45, from the direction of the linear polarizing plate 1; ^ / 4 plate; 3 2 direction direction), the retardation axis a2 is rotated 45 toward the counterclockwise direction 15 with respect to the light transmission axis. First, the description from x〇 The image obtained when the image display surface of the B display portion 6b of the xlyl surface is observed on the side of the y〇 surface. The light from the image display surface of the B display portion 6b is incident from the x〇y surface, and the cholesterol of the liquid crystal layer 3b for B is used. The field in which the liquid crystal is in a parallel spiral state reflects only the blue right-circular polarization component, and the other light passes through, and the field in which the cholesteric liquid crystal is in a vertical spiral state transmits almost all of the light. On the other hand, from the x4y4 side The light incident on the linear polarizing plate / 3 1 , the linearly polarized light component having the polarization direction of the light transmitting axis in the direction of the axis is transmitted through the linear polarizing plate / 31 into the λ/4 plate / 52. The λ/4 plate has been injected into the λ/4 plate, and the light is left-circularly polarized and is incident on the back surface of the Β display portion 6b. The cholesteric liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer 3b is only reversed 15 200815873 The blue right-polarized light is emitted, so the shot The background light of the left circularly polarized light entering the back surface of the liquid crystal layer for B is transmitted through the cholesteric liquid crystal and is emitted from the image display surface. Thereby, the image display surface can be observed through the color background bgl which can be seen through the liquid crystal display element 可The image of the blue light displayed on the B display unit 6b. 5 Next, the linear polarizing plate of the x3y3 surface viewed from the x4y4 side will be described, that is, the kx4y4 side is observed on the back side of the image display surface. Image. The light that is incident on the linear polarizer from the side of the x4y4 side, the linearly polarized light component having the polarization direction of the light passing through the axis a direction will pass through the linear polarizing plate and the remaining * will be absorbed by the linear polarizing plate ^ The surface of the straight line 10 is extremely small.) The light that enters the λ/4 plate through the linear polarizer yj丨 constitutes the left circular polarized light as described above, so it is emitted from the 1/4 plate/52 and is injected; The light of the portion 613 passes through the display portion 6b, and does not The reflected light is added to the Β display portion. 5 On the other hand, the light incident on the image display surface of the B display portion 6 b from the X 0 y 0 surface side is as described above. 'B liquid crystal layer 3b cholesteric liquid crystal is parallel spiral Light other than the blue right circular polarization in the field of the state, and all the light of the cholesteric liquid crystal in the vertical spiral state will be emitted from the back. These lights will be incident on the λ/4 plate/32, and the left circular polarized light It will be converted into a linearly polarized light having a polarization direction parallel to the light transmission axis ai of the linear polarizing plate/5 1 , and the right circularly polarized light will be converted to have an orthogonal to the light transmission axis a1 of the linear polarizing plate / 31 After the linear polarization of the polarization direction, there is no one incident on the linear polarizer. In the linear polarizer, only a linearly polarized light having a polarization direction parallel to the light transmission axis al is transmitted, and other light is absorbed. Thereby, 16 200815873 the back surface of the night crystal display element 1 does not display the shadow displayed on the B display portion 6b. The background 5 layer 3b which can only be observed through the liquid crystal display element 又 can also have The right-handed cholesteric liquid crystal forms the liquid crystal for B. In this h-shape, the optical element α 1 is formed from the back side toward the light on the side of the image, and the light other than the left-circular light can be made. Into the back. 2. The light of the linear polarizing plate 1 is transmitted through the axis a*+z direction, and the axis y3 is inclined 45 toward the clockwise direction. . In other words, the light transmission axis "I is arranged by the -z 1 〇 direction to be inclined 45 from the axis y3 toward the counterclockwise direction. Further, the late phase axis 32 of the i / 4 plate / 52 is parallel to the axis 。 2. Therefore, The angle formed by the light transmission axis 31 of the linear polarizing plate point 1 and the retardation axis 32 of the 1/4 plate/52 is 45. From the direction of the 1/4 plate 2 toward the linear polarizing plate + (+ z When viewed in the direction, the light transmission axis a1 is inclined 45 in the clockwise direction with respect to the slow axis a2. When viewed from the linear polarizing plate/5 1 toward the λ /4 plate / 3 2 direction (a z direction), the slow phase axis 15 is inclined 45 in the clockwise direction with respect to the light transmission axis a1. Fig. 6 shows the effect of the image display constructed according to the present embodiment. The liquid crystal display element is observed as indicated by the arrow in Fig. 6(a) By the palm-like nature of the helical pitch of the liquid crystal molecules, the light of the circularly polarized component in the right and left is transmitted through the liquid crystal layer, so that the entire screen is translucent. By observing the image display surface by this configuration, as shown in FIG. (b), it can be observed that the background (representing three trees) is translucent through the liquid crystal display element, and Display image (character "FUJITSU" of) the background. On the other hand, when the liquid crystal display element 1 is reversed and viewed from the back surface opposite to the image display surface, as shown in Fig. 6(c), only the background of the translucent 17 200815873 can be observed. Therefore, in the case where the left and right asymmetric images and the character strings or the like are displayed, since the image is not reversely displayed on the back surface, it is possible to provide a liquid crystal display which can improve the display quality on the back side of the image display surface. An element and an electronic paper using the liquid crystal display element. (Comparative Example) The operation of the image display of the liquid crystal display element constituted by the conventional structure without the circular polarizing plate α 1 will be described as a comparative example. First, an image obtained when the image display surface of the display portion 6b of the xlyl surface is viewed from the xOyO surface side will be described. The light that enters the image display surface of the B display portion 6b from the x〇y surface, 10 reflects the blue right circular polarization component in the region where the cholesterol liquid crystal of the B liquid crystal layer 3b is in a parallel spiral state, and the other light Will pass. The field in which the cholesterol liquid crystal is in a vertical spiral state transmits almost all of the light. On the other hand, the light incident on the back surface of the image display surface of the B display portion 6b from the x4y4 surface side is also reflected in the blue right circle in the field in which the cholesteric liquid crystal of the B liquid crystal layer 3b is in a parallel spiral state. The polarized component, other than the light will pass through. The field in which the cholesteric liquid crystal is in a vertical spiral state transmits almost all of the light. Thereby, as shown in Fig. 16(b), a blue image displayed by the B display portion 6b 20 can be observed from the color background bgl which is visible through the liquid crystal display element from the image display surface. Further, as shown in Fig. 16(c), an inverted image of the blue image displayed by the B display portion 6b is observed from the background bgO of the color visible through the liquid crystal display element. Further, the observable backgrounds bgO and bgl are brighter than the embodiment having the circular polarizing plate α1. The above embodiment uses a cholesteric liquid crystal which reflects blue light in a parallel spiral state. Alternatively, instead of this, a cholesteric liquid crystal which reflects green light in a parallel spiral state or a cholesteric liquid crystal which reflects red light may be used. The image display surface can display green or red images, respectively. According to this embodiment, 5 images can be displayed on a color background on the display screen side, and no image is displayed from the back side, and only a colored background can be observed. Next, the specific configuration, driving method, and the like of the liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in accordance with the present embodiment will be described in detail. The cholesteric liquid crystal constituting the liquid crystal layer 3b for B is added to the liquid crystal mixture of the torsional liquid crystal in an amount of 10 to 4% by weight of the enamel material. The addition of the palm-shaped material is a value obtained by setting the total amount of the twisted liquid crystal component and the palm-shaped material to 100% by weight. Although various materials well known in the art can be used as the torsional liquid crystal ', in order to achieve a lower driving voltage of the liquid crystal layer 3b, the dielectric anisotropy Δ ε is preferably 20$ Δ ε $50. Further, the refractive index anisotropy Δη of the cholesteric liquid crystal is preferably 0.18$ Δη$ 0.24. If the refractive index anisotropy Δη is smaller than this range, the reflectance of the β liquid crystal layer 3b in the parallel spiral state becomes low, and if it is larger than this range, the B liquid crystal layer 3b is scattered in the vertical spiral state. The reflection will become larger and the viscosity will become higher and the reaction speed will be lowered. The upper substrate 7b and the lower substrate 9b must have light transmissivity. In this embodiment, a two-piece polycarbonate 20 (PC) film substrate cut into a length of 10 (cm) X 8 (cm) was used. Further, a film substrate such as a glass substrate or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) may be used instead of the PC substrate. These film substrates have sufficient flexibility. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, in the B under the B display portion 6b, the liquid crystal layer 3b side of the substrate 9b is formed in parallel with a plurality of tributary electrodes extending in the upper and lower directions in the first drawing. 19b. Further, reference numeral 19b in Fig. 2 indicates the existence field of the plurality of material electrodes 19b. Further, a plurality of strip-shaped material electrodes 17b extending in the left-right direction in Fig. 1 are formed on the upper side of the upper substrate 7b2Bffi liquid crystal layer. As shown in Fig. 1, the upper and lower substrates 7b and 9b are viewed from the normal direction of the electrode forming surface, and the plurality of scanning electrodes 17b and the data electrodes 19b are arranged opposite to each other. In this embodiment, the transparent electrode is patterned to form a strip of 24 scan electrodes nb and 32 strips of data electrodes 19b in a strip shape of 24 mm to achieve a QVGA display of 240 χ 32 〇. The respective intersecting fields of the two electrodes and 19b are B pixels 12b for blue display, respectively. The plurality of b 10 pixels 12b are arranged in an array of 240 χ 320 columns. The material for forming the scan electrode 17b and the data electrode 19b is, for example, indium tin oxide (ITO), and a transparent conductive film such as indium Zic 〇xide (IZ0), aluminum or germanium can be used. A metal electrode, or a non-transparent conductive film such as amorphous germanium. The scan electrode drive circuit 25 for mounting the scan electrode driver 1C for driving the plurality of scan electrodes 17b is connected to the upper substrate %. Further, a data electrode driving circuit 27 to which the data electrode driving for driving the plurality of data electrodes 19b is mounted is connected to the lower substrate %. The drive unit 24 is configured by including the scan electrode drive circuit 25 and the data electrode drive circuit 27.扫描 The scan electrode driving circuit 25 is configured to select a predetermined scan electrode 17b in accordance with a predetermined signal output from the control circuit 23, and simultaneously output a scan signal to the scan electrode i7b. On the other hand, the data electrode driving circuit 27 is configured to output the image data signal to the B pixel 12b on the selected scanning electrode 17b according to the predetermined signal output from the control circuit 23, respectively, to the element 20 200815873, the material electrode 19b. . For the scanning electrode and the data electrode, a driver for STN which is a general-purpose STN structure such as a TCP (Vol. It is preferable that the two electrodes 17b and 19b are respectively provided with an insulating film and an alignment film for controlling the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules (all of which are not shown in the drawings). The insulating 5 film has a function of preventing short-circuiting between the electrodes 17b, 19b or as a gas barrier layer to improve the reliability of the liquid crystal display element 1. Further, as the alignment film, an inorganic material such as a polyimide pigment, a polyimide pigment resin, a polyether imine resin, a polyvinyl butyral resin or an acrylate resin can be used. In this embodiment, for example, the substrate on the electrode 17b and 1% is entirely coated with an alignment film. An insulating film can also be used in combination with a 10-way film. As shown in Fig. 2, the liquid crystal layer Bb for B is sealed between the two substrates 7b and % by the sealing material 21b applied to the periphery of the upper and lower substrates and the %. Further, the thickness (cell pitch) d of the liquid crystal layer 3b for B must be kept uniform. In order to maintain a predetermined cell pitch d, a spacer having a spherical spacer of resin or inorganic oxide is dispersed in the liquid crystal layer 3b for B, or a columnar spacer is mostly formed in the liquid crystal layer 3b for B. Inside. In the liquid crystal display element of the present embodiment, spacers (not shown) are also inserted in the liquid crystal layer 3b for B to maintain the uniformity of the cell gate distance d. The cell pitch d of the liquid crystal layer 3b for B is preferably in the range of 3# S 6 /z m . If the cell pitch d is smaller than this range, the reflectance of the liquid crystal layer 3b in the parallel spiral state will become low, and if it is larger than this range, the driving voltage will become too high. Next, a method of driving the liquid crystal display element 1 will be described using FIG. Fig. 4 shows an example of a driving waveform of the liquid crystal display element 1. Fig. 4(a) shows a driving waveform for causing the cholesteric liquid crystal to be in a parallel spiral state, and Fig. 4(b) 21 200815873 shows a driving waveform for causing the cholesteric liquid crystal to be in a vertical spiral state. In the figures (4) and 4_, the upper part of the figure shows the data signal voltage waveform Vd from the data electrode driving the electric material output, and the middle part of the figure shows the scanning signal voltage waveform Vs outputted from the scan electrode driving circuit 25, the lower part of the figure. Indicates the applied voltage = % of the applied voltage waveform of the pixel 12b of the liquid crystal layer 3b. The left side to the right side of the graph is not elapsed, and in the 4th, between the graphs (4) and 4 (b) of the figure. The up and down direction indicates the voltage.
一反射率特性的一例。橫 轴表示施加於膽固醇液晶的電壓值(V)，縱軸表示膽固醇液 晶的反射率(％)。第5圖所示之實線的曲線p表示初始狀態為 平仃螺旋狀態之膽固醇液晶的電壓一反射率特性，虛線之 曲線FC表tf痛狀態為垂直職狀態之義醇液晶的電壓 〜反射率特性。 於此，以例子說明將預定電壓施加於第1圖所示之B顯 不部6b之第1列之資料電極19b與第丨行之掃描電極nb之交 又部的藍(B)像素12b(l、1)的情形。如第4圖（a)所示，於選 擇第1行之掃描電極17b之選擇期間T1之前側的約丨/2期 間，相對於資料信號電壓¥(!為+32¥，掃描信號電壓¥§為 〇V ’而在後側的約1/2期間，相對於資料信號電壓vd為 〇V ’掃描信號電壓Vs為+ 32V。因此，B像素12b(l、1)之B 用/夜aa層3b於遥擇期間T1之間被施加土32V的脈波電壓。如 第5圖所示，一旦預定的高電壓vpi〇〇(例如32V)施加於膽固 醇液晶而產生強的電場，則液晶分子之螺旋構造完全解 開’所有的液晶分子隨著電場的方向而形成垂直狀態。爰 22 200815873 此，B像素12b(l、1)之B用液晶層3b的液晶分子於選擇期間 T1呈垂直狀態。 一旦選擇期間τι結束而呈非選擇期間T1，，則以選擇期 間T1之1/2周期對第1行的掃描電極17b施加例如+28v或 5 +4V的電壓。相對於此，預定的資料信號電壓Vd施加於第 1列之資料電極19b。第4圖（a)中，以選擇期間丁丨之丨/2周期 對第1列的資料電極19b施加例如+ 32V及0V的電壓。因 此’在非選擇期間ΤΓ之間可對b像素12b(i、1)之b用液晶 層3b施加±4V的脈波電壓。如此一來，在非選擇期間τι，之 10間，於B像素12b(l、1)之B用液晶層3b產生的電場約為零。 液晶分子垂直狀態時施加液晶電壓從VPl〇〇(±32V)改 變至VF0(±4V)後急劇地將電場設成約零時，則液晶分子之 螺旋軸相對於兩電極17b、19b呈現朝向約垂直的螺旋狀 態，而形成選擇性反射其對應螺旋間距之光的平行螺旋狀 15態。爰此，由於B像素12b(卜1)之B用液晶層3b形成平行螺 旋狀態後會反射光線，故因此B像素12b(l、1)顯示藍色。 相對於此，如第4圖（b)所示，在選擇期間τΐ之前側約1 /2期間及後側約1/2期間，相對於資料信號電壓又(1為24V /4V的情形，一旦掃描信號電壓vs為0V/ + 32V，則±24V 20 之脈波電壓施加於B像素12b(l、1)之B用液晶層3b。如第5 圖（b)所示，一旦預定的低電壓VFlOOb(例如24V)施加於膽 固醇液晶後產生弱的電場，則液晶分子之螺旋構造形成未 完全解開的狀態。一旦達到非選擇期間ΤΓ，則以選擇期間 T1之1/2周期對第1行的掃描電極17b施加例如+28V/ + 23 200815873 4V的電壓，預定的資料信號電壓¥(1(例如+24v/4v)的電 壓以選擇期間T1之1/2周期施加於資料電極19b。因此，在 非選擇期間ΤΓ之間可對B像素12b(1、1)之；6用液晶層扑施 加—4V/ + 4V的脈波電壓。如此一來，在非選擇期間τι， 5之間，於Β像素Ubd、〗）之β用液晶層孙產生的電場約為零。 液晶分子之螺旋構造不完全解開的狀態下，若是將施 加於膽固醇液晶之電壓從VF100b(±24V)改變至VF〇(±4v) 後急劇地使電場變成約零，則液晶分子之螺旋軸相對於兩 電極17b、19b形成朝向約平行的方向的螺旋狀態，且呈透 1〇過入射光的垂直螺旋狀態。爰此，B像素12b(l、1)之B用液 晶層3b形成垂直螺旋狀態而可透過光。又，如第5圖所示， 施加VPl〇〇(V)的電壓而於液晶層產生強的電場後，緩緩地 除去電場’膽固醇液晶亦能設成垂直螺旋狀態。 其次簡單地說明液晶顯示元件丨之製造方法的一例。 15 於切斷成縱橫的長度為l〇(cm)x8(cm)大小之二片聚碳 酸酉旨(PC)薄膜基板上，形成⑽透明電極並藉著⑽而圖案 化，而分別形成〇.24mm間距之條帶狀的電極（掃描電極π 或資料電極19)。於二片PC薄膜基板上分別形成條帶狀的電 極以達到能顯示320x240點的QVGA顯示。其次旋轉塗敷而 20將聚醯乙胺系之配向膜材料塗布於二片PC薄膜基板7、9上 之各條帶狀的透明電極17、19上約700A厚度。接著將已塗 布配向膜材料之二片pc薄膜基板7、9置於卯它的烤爐中進 行1小日守烘烤處理而形成配向膜。其次，使用供料器於一側 之PC薄膜基板7或9上的周緣部塗布環氧樹脂系之密封材21 24 200815873 而形成預定高度的壁。 其次’於另一側的PC薄膜基板7或9分布4 徑度之間 隔件(spacer)(積水精密化學會社製造）。接著，貼合二片pC 薄膜基板7、9後以160X：加熱1小時而使密封材21硬化。再 者以真空注入法注入B用膽固醇液晶Lcb之後，以環氧樹 月曰系的密封材來密封注入口而製作B顯示部6b。 接著，將光學元件XI配置於B顯示部讣之下基板％背 面。其次，將tcp(捲帶式封裝)構造之泛用的STN用驅動器 1C壓著於B顯示部6b之掃描電極17的端子部及資料電極^ ίο的端子部，進而連接電源電路及控制電路23。如此一來則 完成可進行QVGA顯示的液晶顯示元…。又，雖然省略了 圖式’惟，藉著將輸人輸出裝置及總括整體之控織置(均 未以圖式顯示懷置於已完成之液晶顯示元和而完成電子 紙。 15 如以上說明，依據本實施樣態可實現於顯示畫面側並 在衫色的背景中顯示影像，同時可不從背面側顯示影像而 能僅觀察到彩色背景的電子紙。 [第2實施樣態] 使用第7圖及第8圖來說明依據本發明之第2實施樣能 20所構成之液晶顯示元件及具有該液晶顯示元件的電子紙: 本=施樣態之特點在於更具有第2顯示部，該第2顯示部係 與第1顯示部之影像顯示面積層’且係於—對基板間密封了 可反射與第！顯示部之膽固醇液晶之選擇波長領域不同選 擇波長領域之光的膽固醇液晶者，舉例以使用了其利用藍 25 200815873 ⑼、綠(G)及紅(R)用義醇液晶之彩色液晶顯*元件1來說 明。 第7圖表示依據本實施樣態所構成之液晶顯示元件比 概略構造的一例。第8圖係模式化表示以平行於第7圖之左 5 右方向的直線來切斷液晶顯示元件i的剖面構造。 如第7圖及第8圖所不，液晶顯示元件#有於平行螺旋 狀態反射藍色光之Β用液晶層补的^顯示部（第丄顯示 部)6b、具有於平行螺旋狀態反射綠⑼色光之〇用液晶層％ 的G顯示部（第2顯示部)6g、具有於平行私走狀態反射紅(R) 1〇色光之R用液晶層的R顯示部（第3顯示部）6r。b、〇、R之 各顯示部6b、6g、6r以此順序積層。又，第7圖之紙面前及 第8圖上側為影像顯示面側。 B顯不部6b具有與第1實施樣態所示之構成相同，故對 於相同構成要素則賦予相同符號而省略其說明。 15 〇顯示部6g具有對向配置之一對上下基板7§、9§及已密 封於兩基板7g、9g間的G用液晶層3g。G用液晶層3g係以可 被调整平均折射率n及螺旋間距p且具有與B用液晶層讣相 同掌狀性(本實施樣態為右旋光性），以將綠色光作為選擇波 長領域並選擇性地反射，於平行螺旋狀態反射綠色右圓偏 2〇光圓偏光之光並使其以外的光透過，而於垂直螺旋狀態下 可透過約全部之光的G用膽固醇液晶所構成。 R顯示部6r具有對向配置之一對上下基板7r、9r及已密 封於兩基板7r、9r間的R用液晶層3r。R用液晶層3r係以可被 調整平均折射率η及螺旋間距p且具有與B用液晶層3b相同 26 200815873 掌狀性(本實施樣態為右旋光性），以將紅色光作為選擇波長 領域並選擇性地反射，於平行螺旋狀態反射紅色右圓偏光 之光並使其以外的光透過，而於垂直螺旋狀態下可透過約 全部之光的R用膽固醇液晶所構成。 5 又’構成B、G、R用之各液晶層3b、3g、3r的液晶組 成物、上基板7b、7g、7r及下基板9b、9g、9r的材料等，與 第1實施樣態相同，因此省略其說明。 如第7圖所示，於G顯示部6g亦與B顯示部6b同樣地形 成240條掃描電極17g、320條資料電極19g及配置成240行X 10 320列的陣列狀之g像素12g(圖式不顯示）。於r顯示部&亦 同樣地形成掃描電極17r、資料電極I9r及R像素i2r(圖式不 顯不）。以1組B、G、R像素12b、21g、12r構成液晶顯示元 件1之1像素12。像素12配列成陣列狀而形成顯示畫面。 知^田電極驅動電路25建構成依據從控制電路部23輸出 15之預定信號而選擇預定之3條掃描電極nb、I7g、I7r，並 對此等3條掃描電極17b、17g、17r同時輸出掃描信號。相 對於此，資料電極驅動電路27建構成依據從控制電路部23 輸出之預定信號，而將相對於經選擇之掃描電極17b、17g、 17r上的B、G、R像素12b、12g、12r的影像資料信號，分別 20輸出至資料電極19b、19g、19r。掃描電極用及資料電極用 驅動器1C可使用例如丁CP(捲帶式封裝）構造之泛用的§ΤΝ 用驅動器1C。 本實施樣態可將B、G、R用之各液晶層补、3g、奵之 驅動電壓設成約相同，因此，掃描電極驅動電路乃之預定 27 200815873 的輸出端子共同連接於掃描電極n i7g、17r之預定的各 輸入端子。依據如此構成，由於*必於每-B、G、R用之 各顯示部6b、6g' 6r設置掃描電極驅動電路25，因此可簡 略化液晶顯不兀件1之驅動電路的構成。又，可刪減掃描電 5極用驅動器1C之數量，故能實職晶顯示元件丨之低成本 化。又，B、G、R用之掃描電極驅動電路乃之輸出端子之 共用化係因應必要而進行即可。依據本實施樣態所構成之 液晶顯示元件1之驅動方法，原則上只要將第丨實施樣態之 驅動方法適用於G顯示部6g及r顯示部6r即可，故省略其說 10 明。 G顯不部6g及R顯示部6r具有與b顯示部同樣的構造， 因此省略說明。於對向於影像顯示面之R顯示部61>之下基板 9r的外面（背面）側，配置了與第1實施樣態同樣的光學元件 α 1 ’以使射入影像顯示面而從背面射出的光之至少一部分 15透過，且使從背面側朝向影像顯示面側之光之中，右圓偏 光之光以外的光射入背面。 液晶顯示元件1之G、R顯示部6g、6r之製造方法與第1 實施樣恶之B顯示部6b相同。如第8圖所示，從顯示面側以 B、G、R顯示部6b、6g、6r的順序積層。接著，於R顯示部 20 6r之下基板9r背面配置光學元件α 1。其次將TCP構造之泛 用的STN用驅動器1C壓著於已積層之B、G、R顯示部6b、 6g、6r之掃描電極17的端子部及資料電極19的端子部，並 連接電源電路及控制電路23。如此一來則完成可進行 QVGA顯示的液晶顯示元件1。又，雖然省略了圖式，惟， 28 200815873 藉著將輸入輸出裝置及總括整體之控制裝置（均未以圖式 顯示）設置於已完成之液晶顯示元件1而完成電子紙。 如以上說明，依據本實施樣態，可實現於顯示晝面側 可於彩色背景中顯示彩色影像，且從背面側不顯示影像而 5 僅可觀察到彩色的背景的電子紙。 又，於本實施樣態，亦可以具有右旋光性之膽固醇液 晶來構成反液晶層3b、3g、3r。此情形下之光學元件 第1實施樣態所說明，建構成可使從背面側朝向影像顯示面 側之光之中，左圓偏光之光以外的光射入背面。 10 [第3實施樣態] 使用第9圖至第11圖來說明依據本發明之第3實施樣態 所構成之液晶顯示元件及具有該液晶顯示元件的電子紙。 第9圖係依據本實施樣態所構成之液晶顯示元件1的概略構 造，且模式化表示以垂直於影像顯示面的方向來切斷液晶 15 顯不元件1的剖面構造。 依據本實施樣態所構成之液晶顯示元件1具有與第1實 施樣態相同的B顯示部6b。B用液晶層3b係以可被調整平均 折射率η及螺旋間距p而具有右旋光性，以選擇性地反射作 為選擇波長領域的藍色光，於平行螺旋狀態反射藍色右圓 20 偏光之光並使其以外的光透過，而於垂直螺旋狀態下可透 過約全部之光的膽固醇液晶所構成。 第9圖上方為Β顯示部6b的影像顯示面侧。對向於影像 顯示面之背面側，配置著光學元件α2，該光學元件α 2使 射入影像顯示面而從背面射出的光之至少一部分透過，且 29 200815873 使從背面側朝向影像顯示面側之光之中，右圓偏光之光以 外的光射入背面。 依據本實施樣態所構成之光學元件α2的特點在於具 有將反射預定選擇波長領域之預定旋轉之圓偏光的光且透 5過剩餘之光的膽固醇液晶，密封於一對基板間的液晶層。 即，如第9圖所示，光學元件α2具有對向配置之一對上下 基板/3 7b、/3 9b、及被封在兩基板石几、万外間且在平行 螺方疋狀悲反射監(B)色光的b用液晶層召％。b用液晶層石3b 以塗布於上下基板石7b、/5 %之外周圍的密封材厶21b而被 10 封入兩基板/3 7b、/5 9b間。 B用液晶層3b之膽固醇液晶的特點在於具有與b顯 不部6b之B用液晶層3b的膽固醇液晶相同的掌狀性。又，光 學元件α 2之B用液晶層石3b之選擇波長領域的特點在於包 含B顯示部6b之B用液晶層3b的選擇波長領域。b用液晶層 15石3b的選擇波長領域可設成包含全部B用液晶層3b的選擇 波長領域。因此，B用液晶層召3b係以可被調整平均折射率 η及螺旋間距p而具有右旋光性，以選擇性地反射藍色光， 於平行螺旋狀態反射藍色右圓偏光之光並使其以外的光透 過的膽固醇液晶所構成。 20 對向配置之一對上下基板召7b、/3%未形成電極。一 對上下基板/5 7b、/5 9b與B用液晶層召3b之分別的界面形成 有業經摩擦處理的配向膜万X1、y5xl。配向膜、^χ1 亦可僅形成在一對上下基板冷7b、石9b的一側。B用液晶層 /3 3 b利用膽固醇液晶的記憶性而經常維持平行螺旋狀態。 30 200815873 使用弟10圖來說明依據本實施樣態所構成之液晶顯示 元件1之影像顯示的動作。第1〇圖係將液晶顯示元件 顯示部6b與光學元件α 2以此順序，從圖左朝向右上方於直 線ζ軸之正方向分離而排列的立體圖。 5 考慮到與2軸正交之W面，乃將Β顯示部6b設於xlyl面 内而將光學元件J 2没於x2y2面内。為便於理解，b顯示 部6b之前的X〇y〇面内設有背景bg〇，光學元件^ 2之前的 x3y3面内設有背景bgl。又，取座標的方式及圓偏光之旋轉 方向等情形與第實施樣態之第3圖相同。 10 首先，說明從x〇y〇面側來觀察xlyl面之B顯示部6b之影 像顯示面時所獲得的影像。從X〇y〇面側射入B顯示部仙之影 像顯示面的光，在B用液晶層3b之膽固醇液晶為平行螺旋狀 悲的領域反射藍色之右圓偏光成分的光，而透過以外的 光。在膽固醇液晶為垂直螺旋狀態的領域透過約全部的光。 15 另一方面，從x〇y〇面側射入光學元件〇：2的光，在b用 液晶層3b之膽固醇液晶全領域為平行螺旋狀態，因此反射 藍色之右圓偏光成分的光，而透過以外的光。從光學元件 α 2射出的光射入B顯示部6b的背面。：b顯示部6b的膽固醇 液晶僅反射藍色之右圓偏光的光，因此除外射入B顯示部6b 20 之背面的藍色右圓偏光成分之光的背景光，全部透過膽固 醇液晶並從影像顯示面射出。藉此，從影像顯示面可觀察 到在透過液晶顯示元件1可見之彩色背景bgl之中以B顯示 部6b顯示的藍色影像。 接著，說明從x3y3面側觀察光學元件α 2，亦即說明從 31 200815873 x3y3面側觀察對向於影像顯示面之背面側時所獲得的影 像。從x3y3面側射入光學元件α2的光，因B用液晶層y5 3b 之膽固醇液晶在全領域為平行螺旋狀態，故反射藍色的右 圓偏光成分的光。藍色的右圓偏光成分以外的光透過B用液 5 晶層冷3b射入B顯示部6b後透過B顯示部6b而不會在B顯示 部6b生反射光。 另一方面，從x〇y〇面側射入B顯示部6b之影像顯示面的 光，如上所述，因B用液晶層/3 3b之膽固醇液晶平行螺旋狀 態領域之藍色的右圓偏光成分以外的光、以及膽固醇液晶 10 在垂直螺旋狀態之領域約全部的光從背面射出。此等光透 過光學元件α 2。 如此一來，於背面側可觀察到從x〇y〇面側透過顯示部 6b及光學元件α 2的光，與從x3y3面側射入而在光學元件^^ 2反射之藍色右圓偏光成分的光。因此，於背面側不顯示以 2 5 B顯不部6b顯不的影像’而觀察到透過液晶顯示元件1可看 到之彩色的背景bgO、與在背面側反射之藍色的背景bgl。 又，可以具有右旋光性之膽固醇液晶來構成B用液晶層 3b。此情形下，光學元件J 2之B用液晶層召3b的膽固醇液 晶設成與B顯示部6b之B用液晶層3b之膽固醇液晶相同材 20 料（最大反射波長又=η · p及折射率異方向性Δη等預定範 圍内）即可。 如此一來依據本實施樣態，於顯示畫面側可於彩色背 景中顯示影像，且從背面側不顯示影像而僅可觀察到背景。 其次，說明依據本實施樣態所構成之光學元件所使 32 200815873 用之配向膜召χ1 於液晶界面的方法上，、：限制液晶分子之配向的力施加 面施予摩擦處理 〆曰曰界面形成配向膜，並於該表 於該表面照射以及於液晶界面形成配向膜，並 於配向膜=:為:般的方法° 理。摩擦處理係將已=X1進行摩擦密度2G以上的摩擦處 上，-面以預定速^成配向膜之基板載置於移動載台 預定的押入θ、又载Q速度)移動該移動载台，而-面以 ίο 抵於子押 抵於配•。摩擦密度可以以下的式子表示。 旋轉=㈣擦錢x押人量x u+(2x;rx滾子徑度X 方疋轉數/60χ載台速度）} 使用第11圖來說明依據此摩擦處理可控制射入光學元 件《2之光之反射角的指向性。 第11圖⑷表示不進行摩擦處理或對於朝向摩擦密度極 15低狀態之光學元件0:2的入射光li之反射光Is及透過光1〇的 狀態。為第11圖（a)的情形下，相對於入射光Π之反射光幾乎 呈政射光Is。因此，_旦將第u圖所示之光學元件α2之上 方設為背面側，則可觀察到透過液晶顯示元件1而可見之背 景與在背面側反射之背景雙方。 相對於此，如第11圖（b)所示，一旦將限制配向之力施 加於依據摩擦處理呈現膽固醇液晶相之液晶界面，則在平 行螺旋狀悲之選擇反射光更具指向性，散射光ls的成分減少 而反射率曲線可描、纟會出更陡峻的曲線，反射光lr增大而峰值 波長之反射率值變大。而且，如第11圖（c)所示，一旦施加 33 200815873 更強大之限制配向的力’則選擇反射光之指向性變得更 強，反射光lr呈鏡面化’對於液晶層朝向垂直方向的反射不 滿1%，而形成反射光朝向一定方向（主要在45。〜60°範圍） 集中。在此狀態下，從光學元件α 2側觀察，則僅可觀察到 5 透過液晶顯示元件1而可見到的背景，而在背而側反射之背 景幾乎看不到，因此提昇在背面側的顯示品質。 例如，於液晶界面配置SE5291 (日產化學製）作為配向 膜，並施加摩擦處理以使摩擦密度為20以上，而可製作使 用反射光呈鏡面化之膽固醇液晶的元件。 10 如此一來，從x3y3面側射入而在光學元件反射之藍 色的右圓偏光成分的光會向視野外射出，因此，於液晶顯 示元件1的背面側可觀察到從x〇y〇面側透過Β顯示部6b及光 學元件α 2之光更強。如此一來，藉著進行摩擦密度為20以 上之摩擦處理，在背面側僅觀察到透過液晶顯示元件1而可 15 見之彩色背景bg〇，而能提昇背面側之顯示品質。 [第4實施樣態] 使用第12圖及第13圖來說明依據本發明之第4實施樣 態所構成之液晶顯示元件及具有該液晶顯示元件的電子 紙。本實施樣態之特點在於具有複數個由顯示部與光學元 20件所構成之組，且特點在於積層複數顯示部，而於背面侧 積層有複數光學元件。又，複數顯示部之特點在於係以從 顯示面側反射藍色光的第1顯示部、反射綠色光的第2顯示 部、反射紅色光的第3顯示部的順序積層。 如第12圖所示，液晶顯示元件1具有：具備在平行螺旋 34 200815873 狀態反射藍色光之B用液晶層3b的B顯示部（第1顯示 部)6b、具備在平行螺旋狀態反射綠色光之〇用液晶層3g的g 顯示部（第2顯示部）6g、具備在平行螺旋狀態反射紅色光之 R用液晶層3r的R顯示部（第3顯示部）6r。B、G、R之各顯示 5部沾、6g、6r以此順序從光入射面（影像顯示面）積層。 B顯示部6b、G顯示部6g及R顯示部6r的構造與第2實施 樣態的構造相等而省略說明。但是，本實施樣態添加於B 用及R用膽固醇液晶之掌狀性材，與添加於G用膽固醇液晶 之掌狀性材為旋光性相互不同的光學異性體。因此，B用及 10 R用膽固醇液晶之旋光性相同，而與G用膽固醇液晶之旋光 性不同。 第13圖表示各液晶層3b、3g、3r在平行螺旋狀態之反 射光譜的一例。橫軸表示反射光之波長(nm)，縱軸表示反 射率（白色板比；％)。在B用液晶層3b之反射光譜在圖中以 15 連結▲記號之曲線表示。同樣地，在G用液晶層3g之反射光 譜在圖中以連結記號之曲線表示，在R用液晶層3r之反射 光譜在圖中以連結♦記號之曲線表示。 如第13圖所示，各液晶層3b、3g、3r之平行螺旋狀態 之反射光譜的中心波長以液晶層3b、3g、3r順序變長。於B、 20 G、R之各顯示部6b、6g、6r之積層構造中，平行螺旋狀態 中的G用液晶層3g的旋光性與B用及R用液晶層3b、3r之旋 光性不同，因此，在第13圖所示之藍與綠、以及綠與紅之 反射光譜重畳的領域’例如B用液晶層3b與R用液晶層3r可 反射右圓偏光之光，G用液晶層3g可反射左圓偏光之光。藉 35 200815873 此，可降低反射光的損失而能提昇液晶顯示元件丨之顯示畫 面的明亮度。 在依據本實施樣態所構成之液晶顯示元件丨中，掃描電 極17b、17g、17r、資料電極19b、19g、19r或掃描電極驅動 5電路25及電極驅動電路27等，與第2實施樣態相同而省略說 明。 如第12圖所示，對向於液晶顯示元件丨之影像顯示面的 背面側配置著光學元件α2、α3、α4，該光學元件〇:2、 α3、α4可使射入影像顯示面而從背面射出之光之中至少 10 一部分透過，並使從背面側朝向影像顯示面側之光中預定 選擇波長領域之預定旋轉方向的圓偏光之光以外的光射入 背面。從背面側朝向影像顯示面側之光中，光學元件α2能 使藍色右圓偏光之光以外的光射入背面，光學元件α 3能使 綠色右圓偏光之光以外的光射入背面，光學元件α 4能使右 15 圓偏光以外之光射入背面。 依據本實施樣態所構成之光學元件α 2具有與第3實施 樣態同樣的構造。又，如第12圖所示，光學元件α 3具有對 向配置之一對上下基板石几、々9b、及密封於兩基板石7b、 /3 9b間且在平行螺旋狀態下反射綠(G)色光的G用液晶層冷 20 3g。G用液晶層召3g以塗布於上下基板石7b、/3 9b之外周圍 的密封材/321g而被封入兩基板/57b、/39b間。 G用液晶層/5 3g之膽固醇液晶的掌狀性與G顯示部6g 之G用液晶層3g的膽固醇液晶相同。又，光學元件α3之G 用液晶層/5 3g的膽固醇液晶相同。又，光學元件α 3之G用 36 200815873 液晶層召3g的選擇波長領域包含了 G顯示部6giG用液晶 層3g的選擇波長。因此，g用液晶層召3g以可被調整平均折 射率η及螺旋間距p而具有左旋光性，以選擇性地反射綠色 光’於平行螺旋狀態反射綠色左圓偏光之光並使其以外的 5 光透過的膽固醇液晶所構成。 對向配置之一對上下基板冷7g、冷％未形成電極。一 對上下基板召7g、y$9g與G用液晶層/5 3g之分別的界面形成 有業經摩擦處理的配向膜冷x2、冷χ2。配向膜召x2、冷x2 亦可僅形成在一對上下基板y3 7g、y5 9g的一側。G用液晶層 10召3g利用膽固醇液晶的記憶性而經常維持平行螺旋狀態。 又，如第12圖所示，光學元件〇：4具有對向配置之一對 上下基板万7r、/?9r、及密封於兩基板y9 7r、yS9r間且在平 行螺旋狀態下反射紅(R)色光的R用液晶層万31·。R用液晶層 冷3r以塗布於上下基板石7r、/3 9r之外周圍的密封材万21r 15 而被封入兩基板/5 7r、石9r間。 R用液晶層万3r之膽固醇液晶的掌狀性與r顯示部&之 R用液b曰層3r的膽固醉液晶相同。又’光學元件之R用液 晶層；3 3r的選擇波長領域包含了 r顯示部&之尺用液晶層七 的選擇波長。因此，R用液晶層石3r以可被調整平均折射率 20 η及螺旋間距p而具有右旋光性，以選擇性地反射紅色光， 於平行螺旋狀態反射紅色右圓偏光之光並使其以外的光透 過的膽固醇液晶所構成。 依據本實施樣態所構成之液晶顯示元件1之影像顯示 的動作與第3實施樣態相同，故省略其說明。 37 200815873 如以上說明’依據本實施樣態可實現於顯示畫面側並 在彩色的背景中顯示影像，同時可不從背面側顯示影像而 能僅觀察到彩色背景的電子紙。 本實施樣態，於第12圖中表示了b、G、R用之各顯示 5部6b、6g、6r以此順序從光入射面（影像顯示面）側積層，而 6、0、11用之各光學元件61；2、〇:3、〇：4以此順序配置於顯 示部6r之背面的構造，惟，並非僅限於此。例如亦可於顯 示部6b與顯示部6g之間夾入b用光學元件2，於顯示部6g 與顯示部6r之間夾入G用光學元件^ 3，而於顯示部6r的背 10面配置光學元件014。換言之，相對於B顯示部6b於其背面 側配置B用光學元件α2，相對於G顯示部6g於其背面側配 置G用光學元件α 3，相對於r顯示部&於其背面側配置r用 光學元件α4即可，光學元件α2、α3、α4之配置順序不 必特別限定。 15 如上所述，依據本實施樣態乃著眼於，在膽固醇液晶 方式中，選擇性地反射左右其中一種圓偏光並使其透過的 特點，能將從不觀察影像之側的元件表面側射入之左右其 中一種圓偏光，在到達利用於形成影像之液晶層之前予以 隔除例如使用選擇反射左圓偏光之膽固醇液晶作為顯示 2〇兀件時，若是入射光之中不存在左圓偏光而僅為右圓偏光 的居，則不發生反射光而僅右圓偏光透過顯示元件。此時， 左圓偏光僅存在於從顯示元件表面之其中一方來的入射 光，且從相反側來的入射光不存在左圓偏光的話，從存在 左圓偏光之側可辨識影像，而在相反側不能辨識影像。此 38 200815873 種狀態可藉由在顯示元件面之一側設置圓偏光隔除濾光器 (第1實施樣態之光學元件α 1等）或其他的膽固醇液晶層（第 2實施樣態之光學元件α 2等）而能實現。 本發明不限於上述實施樣態而能作各種的變化。 5 上述實施樣態之驅動方式乃舉出了線順序驅動（線順 序掃描）方式為例來說明，惟，亦可使用點順序驅動方式作 為驅動方式。 上述實施樣態舉出了 一層或積層了B、G、R顯示部6b、 6g、6r之三層構造的液晶顯示元件為例來說明，惟，本發 10 明並不限於此，亦可適用二層或四層以上構造的液晶顯示 元件。 又，上述實施樣態舉例說明了具有顯示部6b、6g、6r 之液晶顯示元件，而該顯示部6b、6g、6r具有在平行螺旋 狀態反射藍、綠或紅色光的液晶層3b、3g、3r，惟，本發 15 明並不限於此，亦可適用具有三層顯示部之液晶顯示元 件，而該顯示部具有可反射氰青、洋紅、黃色光的液晶層。 上述實施樣態舉出了被動矩陣型之液晶顯示裝置元件 為例來說明，惟，本發明並不限於此，亦可適用每一像素 具有薄膜電晶體(TFT)或二極體等開關元件之主動矩陣型 20 之液晶顯示裝置元件。 t圖式簡單說明3 第1圖表示依據本發明之第1實施樣態所構成之液晶顯 不兀件1的概略構造。 第2圖係模式化表示依據本發明之第1實施樣態所構成 39 200815873 之液晶顯示元件1的剖面圖。 第3圖說明依據本發明之第1實施樣態所構成之液晶顯 示元件1之影像顯示的動作。 第4圖（a)、（b)表示依據本發明之第1實施樣態所構成之 5 液晶顯不元件1之驅動波形的^一例。 第5圖表示依據本發明之第1實施樣態所構成之液晶顯 示元件1之膽固醇液晶之電壓一反射率特性的一例。 第6圖（a)〜（c)表示依據本發明之第1實施樣態所構成 之液晶顯示元件1之影像顯示的效果。 10 第7圖表示依據本發明之第2實施樣態所構成之液晶顯 示元件1的概略構造。 第8圖係模式化表示依據本發明之第2實施樣態所構成 之液晶顯示元件1的剖面構造。 第9圖係模式化表示依據本發明之第3實施樣態所構成 15 之液晶顯示元件1的剖面構造。 第10圖說明依據本發明之第3實施樣態所構成之液晶 顯示元件1之影像顯示的動作。 第11圖（a)〜（c)說明依據本發明之第3實施樣態所構成 摩擦處理而能控制射入光學元件α 2之光的反射角的指向 20 性。 第12圖係模式化表示依據本發明之第4實施樣態所構 成之液晶顯示元件1的剖面構造。 第13圖表示液晶顯示元件在平行螺旋狀態之反射光譜 的一例。 40 200815873 第14圖係模式化表示習知可全彩顯示之液晶顯示元件 的剖面構造。 第15圖（a)、（b)係模式化表示習知之液晶顯示元件之一 液晶層的剖面構造。 第16圖⑻〜（c)例示習知液晶顯示元件之背面未設置 光吸收層之構造的顯示。 【主要元件符號說明】 1、51···液晶顯示元件 3b、43b".B用液晶層 3g、43g"*G用液晶層 3r、43r."R用液晶層 6b、46b."B顯示部 6g、46g"_G顯示部 6r、46r*"R顯示部 7b、7g、7r、47b、47g、47r···上 9b、9g、9r、49b、49g、49r···下 12b…藍(B)像素 12g···綠(G)像素 12f…紅(R)像素 17r、17g、17b…掃描電極 19r、19g、19b…資料電極 21b、21g、21r…密封材 23···控制電路 24…驅動部 25…掃描電極驅動電路 27…資料電極驅動電路 33…液晶(液晶分子） 45···光吸收層 αΐ、α2、α3、α4···光學元件 /31…直線偏光板 冷2".λ/4板 /53ΐ)···Β用液晶層 用液晶層 /33r"R用液晶層 y37b、/57g、基4反 41 200815873 al…光透過轴 a2…遲相軸 /3%、yS9g、冷9r···下基4反 /?21b、冷21g、/3211*···密封材 /5x1、y5x2、/5x3…配向膜 42An example of a reflectivity characteristic. The horizontal axis represents the voltage value (V) applied to the cholesteric liquid crystal, and the vertical axis represents the reflectance (%) of the cholesterol liquid crystal. The curve p of the solid line shown in Fig. 5 indicates the voltage-reflectance characteristic of the cholesteric liquid crystal whose initial state is the flat helix state, and the curve of the broken line FC table tf the pain state is the voltage of the liquid crystal of the vertical position. characteristic. Here, an example will be described by applying a predetermined voltage to the blue (B) pixel 12b of the intersection of the data electrode 19b of the first column of the B display portion 6b and the scanning electrode nb of the second row shown in FIG. l, 1) situation. As shown in Fig. 4(a), during the selection of the scan electrode 17b of the first row, the period 丨/2 before the selection period T1 is relative to the data signal voltage ¥ (! is +32 ¥, the scan signal voltage ¥§ For about 1/2 of the rear side, the scanning signal voltage Vs is +32 V with respect to the data signal voltage vd 〇V '. Therefore, the B pixel 12b (1, 1) B/night layer a 3b is applied with a pulse wave voltage of 32 V between the remote selection period T1. As shown in Fig. 5, once a predetermined high voltage vpi (for example, 32 V) is applied to the cholesteric liquid crystal to generate a strong electric field, the liquid crystal molecules The spiral structure is completely unraveled. 'All liquid crystal molecules form a vertical state with the direction of the electric field. 爰22 200815873 Thus, the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 3b for B of the B pixel 12b (1, 1) are in a vertical state during the selection period T1. When the selection period τι ends and the non-selection period T1 is present, a voltage of, for example, +28 V or 5 + 4 V is applied to the scan electrode 17b of the first row at a period of 1/2 of the selection period T1. In contrast, a predetermined data signal is applied. The voltage Vd is applied to the data electrode 19b of the first column. In Fig. 4(a), the selection period is /2 cycles apply a voltage of, for example, +32 V and 0 V to the data electrode 19b of the first column. Therefore, 'b of the b pixel 12b (i, 1) can be applied with a pulse of ±4 V to the liquid crystal layer 3b during the non-selection period ΤΓ. Therefore, in the non-selection period τι, 10, the electric field generated by the liquid crystal layer 3b of the B pixel 12b (1, 1) B is about zero. When the liquid crystal molecules are in a vertical state, the liquid crystal voltage is applied from the VP1 〇 When 〇(±32V) is changed to VF0 (±4V) and the electric field is sharply set to about zero, the helical axis of the liquid crystal molecules exhibits a spiral state toward the vertical direction with respect to the two electrodes 17b, 19b, and forms a selective reflection. Corresponding to the parallel spiral 15 state of the light of the spiral pitch. Since B of the B pixel 12b (b) is reflected by the liquid crystal layer 3b in a parallel spiral state, the B pixel 12b (l, 1) displays blue. On the other hand, as shown in Fig. 4(b), during the selection period τΐ, the front side is about 1 /2 and the rear side is about 1/2 period, and the data signal voltage is again (1 is 24V / 4V). When the scanning signal voltage vs is 0V/+32V, a pulse voltage of ±24V 20 is applied to the liquid crystal layer B for the B pixel 12b (1, 1). b. As shown in Fig. 5(b), once a predetermined low voltage VF100b (e.g., 24V) is applied to the cholesteric liquid crystal to generate a weak electric field, the helical structure of the liquid crystal molecules forms an incompletely unwrapped state. In the period ΤΓ, a voltage of, for example, +28V/ + 23 200815873 4V is applied to the scan electrode 17b of the first row at a period of 1/2 of the selection period T1, and a predetermined data signal voltage of ¥1 (for example, +24v/4v) is applied. It is applied to the data electrode 19b at a period of 1/2 of the selection period T1. Therefore, the B pixel 12b (1, 1) can be applied between the non-selection periods, and the pulse wave voltage of -4 V / + 4 V is applied to the liquid crystal layer. In this way, between the non-selection periods τι, 5, the electric field generated by the liquid crystal layer of the Β pixel Ubd, 〖) is about zero. In a state where the spiral structure of the liquid crystal molecules is not completely unwound, if the voltage applied to the cholesteric liquid crystal is changed from VF100b (±24V) to VF〇(±4v) and the electric field is sharply changed to about zero, the spiral axis of the liquid crystal molecules The spiral state toward the approximately parallel direction is formed with respect to the two electrodes 17b, 19b, and is in a vertical spiral state of passing through the incident light. Thus, the B liquid crystal layer 3b of the B pixel 12b (1, 1) forms a vertical spiral state and is permeable to light. Further, as shown in Fig. 5, after a voltage of VP1 〇〇 (V) is applied and a strong electric field is generated in the liquid crystal layer, the electric field is slowly removed. The cholesteric liquid crystal can also be set to a vertical spiral state. Next, an example of a method of manufacturing the liquid crystal display element 简单 will be briefly described. 15 (10) a transparent electrode is formed on a two-piece polycarbonate (PC) film substrate having a length of 1 〇 (cm) x 8 (cm), and is patterned by (10) to form 〇. A strip-shaped electrode of 24 mm pitch (scanning electrode π or data electrode 19). A strip-shaped electrode is formed on each of the two PC film substrates to achieve a QVGA display capable of displaying 320 x 240 dots. Next, spin coating was applied to apply a poly(ethylamine)-based alignment film material to each of the strip-shaped transparent electrodes 17, 19 on the two PC film substrates 7, 9 to a thickness of about 700 Å. Next, the two pc film substrates 7, 9 which have been coated with the alignment film material are placed in an oven for baking for 1 hour to form an alignment film. Next, an epoxy resin sealing material 21 24 200815873 is applied to the peripheral portion of the PC film substrate 7 or 9 on one side by a feeder to form a wall having a predetermined height. Next, on the other side of the PC film substrate 7 or 9, a spacer (a product manufactured by Sekisui Precision Chemicals Co., Ltd.) is distributed between the four diameters. Next, after bonding the two pC film substrates 7 and 9, the sealing material 21 was cured by heating at 160X: for 1 hour. Further, after injecting the cholesteric liquid crystal Lcb for B by a vacuum injection method, the injection port is sealed with an epoxy resin sealing material to form a B display portion 6b. Next, the optical element XI is placed on the back surface of the substrate under the B display portion. Next, the STN driver 1C for the tcp (tape-and-reel package) structure is pressed against the terminal portion of the scan electrode 17 of the B display portion 6b and the terminal portion of the data electrode, and further connected to the power supply circuit and the control circuit 23 . In this way, the liquid crystal display element that can perform QVGA display is completed. Moreover, although the illustration is omitted, the electronic paper is completed by the control of the input and output devices and the overall control (there is no picture display on the completed liquid crystal display element and the electronic paper is completed. 15 as explained above) According to this embodiment, the image can be displayed on the display screen side and displayed on the background of the shirt color, and the electronic paper of the color background can be observed without displaying the image from the back side. [Second embodiment] Using the seventh FIG. 8 and FIG. 8 illustrate a liquid crystal display element and a electronic paper having the liquid crystal display element according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The present embodiment is characterized in that it further includes a second display unit. (2) The display of the image display area layer of the first display unit and the first display unit are sealed with a liquid crystal of a liquid crystal having a wavelength range selected from the selected wavelength range of the cholesteric liquid crystal of the display portion of the display unit. The color liquid crystal display device 1 using the blue liquid crystals of the blue 25 200815873 (9), the green (G), and the red (R) liquid is used for explanation. Fig. 7 is a view showing the liquid crystal display element ratio according to the present embodiment. Structure An example of Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram showing that the cross-sectional structure of the liquid crystal display element i is cut in a line parallel to the left and right directions of the seventh figure. As shown in Figs. 7 and 8, the liquid crystal display element # has The display portion (the second display portion) 6b complemented by the liquid crystal layer in the parallel spiral state, and the G display portion (the second display portion) having the liquid crystal layer % for reflecting the green (9) color light in the parallel spiral state 6g, an R display portion (third display portion) 6r having a liquid crystal layer for R that reflects red (R) 1 〇 light in a parallel private state, and display units 6b, 6g, and 6r of b, 〇, and R in this order In addition, the front side of the paper of Fig. 7 and the upper side of Fig. 8 are the image display surface side. The B display portion 6b has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment, and therefore the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and are omitted. The 〇 display portion 6g has a pair of upper and lower substrates 7 § and 9 § and a G liquid crystal layer 3g sealed between the substrates 7g and 9g. The liquid crystal layer 3g for G can be adjusted average. The refractive index n and the helical pitch p have the same palm shape as the liquid crystal layer B for B (this embodiment is right-handed light) (Sexuality), in which the green light is selected as the selected wavelength region and selectively reflected, and the green right circle is deflected by the light in the parallel spiral state, and the light other than the light is transmitted, and the light is transmitted through the vertical spiral state. All of the light G is composed of a cholesteric liquid crystal. The R display portion 6r has a pair of upper and lower substrates 7r and 9r disposed opposite to each other and a liquid crystal layer 3r for R sealed between the substrates 7r and 9r. The liquid crystal layer 3r for R is used. The average refractive index η and the helical pitch p can be adjusted and have the same palmarity as the liquid crystal layer 3b for B. 26 200815873 (the present embodiment is right-handed), so that red light is selected as the wavelength field and selectively The reflection reflects the light of the red right circularly polarized light in a parallel spiral state and transmits the light other than the light, and is formed of cholesteric liquid crystal which can transmit about all of the light in the vertical spiral state. 5, the liquid crystal composition of each of the liquid crystal layers 3b, 3g, and 3r for B, G, and R, the materials of the upper substrates 7b, 7g, and 7r, and the materials of the lower substrates 9b, 9g, and 9r are the same as in the first embodiment. Therefore, the description thereof is omitted. As shown in Fig. 7, in the G display unit 6g, 240 scanning electrodes 17g, 320 data electrodes 19g, and array-shaped g pixels 12g arranged in 240 rows X 10 320 columns are formed in the same manner as the B display portion 6b (Fig. Does not show). Similarly, the scanning electrode 17r, the data electrode I9r, and the R pixel i2r are formed in the r display portion & (the drawing is not shown). One pixel 12 of the liquid crystal display element 1 is constituted by one set of B, G, and R pixels 12b, 21g, and 12r. The pixels 12 are arranged in an array to form a display screen. The known electrode driving circuit 25 is configured to select predetermined three scanning electrodes nb, I7g, and I7r in accordance with a predetermined signal output from the control circuit portion 23, and simultaneously scan the three scanning electrodes 17b, 17g, and 17r. signal. On the other hand, the data electrode driving circuit 27 is constructed to be based on the predetermined signals output from the control circuit portion 23, and will be opposed to the B, G, and R pixels 12b, 12g, and 12r on the selected scanning electrodes 17b, 17g, and 17r. The image data signals are output 20 to the data electrodes 19b, 19g, and 19r, respectively. For the scan electrode and data electrode driver 1C, a general-purpose driver 1C such as a butyl CP (tape-wrap type) can be used. In this embodiment, the driving voltages of the respective liquid crystal layers, 3g, and 奵 for B, G, and R can be set to be about the same. Therefore, the scan electrode driving circuit is predetermined. The output terminals of 200815873 are commonly connected to the scan electrode n i7g. , each predetermined input terminal of 17r. According to this configuration, since the scanning electrode driving circuit 25 is provided for each of the display portions 6b and 6g' 6r for each of -B, G, and R, the configuration of the driving circuit of the liquid crystal display device 1 can be simplified. Further, the number of the scanning electric 5C driver 1C can be reduced, so that the cost of the physical display element can be reduced. Further, the sharing of the output terminals of the scan electrode driving circuits for B, G, and R may be performed as necessary. In the driving method of the liquid crystal display element 1 according to the present embodiment, in principle, the driving method of the third embodiment is applied to the G display unit 6g and the r display unit 6r, and therefore the description thereof will be omitted. Since the G display portion 6g and the R display portion 6r have the same structure as the b display portion, the description thereof will be omitted. The optical element α 1 ' similar to that of the first embodiment is placed on the outer surface (back surface) side of the substrate 9r on the R display portion 61 of the image display surface, so as to be incident on the image display surface and emitted from the back surface. At least a portion of the light 15 is transmitted through the light from the back side toward the image display surface side, and light other than the right circularly polarized light is incident on the back surface. The manufacturing method of the G and R display portions 6g and 6r of the liquid crystal display element 1 is the same as that of the B display portion 6b of the first embodiment. As shown in Fig. 8, the B, G, and R display portions 6b, 6g, and 6r are stacked in this order from the display surface side. Next, the optical element α 1 is placed on the back surface of the substrate 9r under the R display portion 20 6r. Next, the STN driver 1C for the TCP structure is pressed against the terminal portion of the scan electrode 17 of the B, G, and R display portions 6b, 6g, and 6r and the terminal portion of the data electrode 19, and is connected to the power supply circuit and Control circuit 23. In this way, the liquid crystal display element 1 capable of QVGA display is completed. Further, although the drawings are omitted, 28 200815873 completes the electronic paper by providing the input/output device and the overall control device (all not shown in the drawings) on the completed liquid crystal display element 1. As described above, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to realize that the color image can be displayed on the color background while the image is displayed on the color side, and the image is not displayed from the back side. 5 Only the electronic background of the colored background can be observed. Further, in the present embodiment, it is also possible to have a right-handed optical liquid crystal to form the counter liquid crystal layers 3b, 3g, and 3r. In the optical device in this case, as described in the first embodiment, light other than the light of the left circularly polarized light is incident on the back surface among the light from the back side toward the image display surface side. [Third Embodiment] A liquid crystal display element constructed in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention and an electronic paper having the liquid crystal display element will be described with reference to Figs. Fig. 9 is a view showing a schematic configuration of a liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in accordance with the present embodiment, and schematically showing a cross-sectional structure of the liquid crystal display device 1 in a direction perpendicular to the image display surface. The liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in accordance with this embodiment has the same B display portion 6b as the first embodiment. The liquid crystal layer 3b for B has right-handedness with an adjustable average refractive index η and a helical pitch p to selectively reflect blue light as a selected wavelength region, and reflect a blue right circle 20 in a parallel spiral state. The light is transmitted through the light other than the cholesteric liquid crystal which can transmit all of the light in the vertical spiral state. The upper side of Fig. 9 is the image display surface side of the Β display portion 6b. On the back side of the image display surface, an optical element α2 is disposed, and the optical element α 2 transmits at least a part of the light that is incident on the image display surface and emitted from the back surface, and 29 200815873 is directed from the back side toward the image display surface side. Among the light, light other than the right circular polarized light is incident on the back side. The optical element α2 constructed according to this embodiment is characterized in that it has a liquid crystal layer sealed between a pair of substrates by cholesteric liquid crystal having light which is polarized by a predetermined rotation in a predetermined wavelength range and transmitted through the remaining light. That is, as shown in Fig. 9, the optical element α2 has one of the opposite pairs of the upper and lower substrates/3 7b, /3 9b, and is sealed between the two substrates, and is in a parallel spiral shape. (B) b of the color light is called the liquid crystal layer. b The liquid crystal layer 3b is applied to the sealing material 厶 21b around the upper and lower substrate stones 7b and /5 %, and is sealed between the two substrates / 3 7b and /5 9b by 10 . The cholesteric liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer 3b for B is characterized by having the same palm shape as the cholesteric liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer 3b for B of the b-display portion 6b. Further, the selected wavelength range of the liquid crystal layer 3b for the B of the optical element α 2 is characterized by the selected wavelength range of the liquid crystal layer 3b for B including the B display portion 6b. b Liquid crystal layer The selected wavelength region of the 15 stone 3b can be set to include the selected wavelength region of all the B liquid crystal layers 3b. Therefore, B uses a liquid crystal layer to have a right-handed optical property to adjust the average refractive index η and the helical pitch p to selectively reflect blue light, and to reflect blue right circularly polarized light in a parallel spiral state. It is composed of cholesteric liquid crystal through which light is transmitted. 20 One of the opposite configurations is called 7b, /3% of the upper and lower substrates are not formed. A pair of upper and lower substrates /5 7b, /5 9b and B use liquid crystal layer 3b respectively form an interface film X1, y5xl which is subjected to rubbing treatment. The alignment film and the film 1 may be formed only on one side of the pair of upper and lower substrates, which are cold 7b and stone 9b. The liquid crystal layer for B/3 3 b maintains the parallel spiral state by utilizing the memory of the cholesteric liquid crystal. 30 200815873 The operation of the image display of the liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in accordance with the present embodiment will be described using the same figure. The first drawing is a perspective view in which the liquid crystal display element display unit 6b and the optical element α 2 are arranged in this order from the left side toward the upper right side in the positive direction of the straight line axis. 5 Considering the W plane orthogonal to the two axes, the Β display portion 6b is placed in the xlyl plane and the optical element J 2 is not in the x2y2 plane. For the sake of understanding, the background bg〇 is provided in the X〇y plane before the b display portion 6b, and the background bgl is provided in the x3y3 plane before the optical element ^2. Further, the manner in which the coordinates are taken and the direction in which the circularly polarized light is rotated are the same as in the third embodiment of the first embodiment. 10 First, an image obtained when the image display surface of the B display portion 6b of the xlyl surface is viewed from the x〇y face side will be described. The light of the image display surface of the display unit of the B display portion is incident from the side of the X〇y〇 surface, and the light of the right circular polarization component of the blue color is reflected in the region where the cholesteric liquid crystal of the B liquid crystal layer 3b is parallel spirally sorrowed, and the light is transmitted. Light. About all of the light is transmitted in the field where the cholesteric liquid crystal is in a vertical spiral state. On the other hand, the light incident on the optical element 〇:2 from the side of the x〇y〇 surface is in a parallel spiral state in the entire region of the cholesteric liquid crystal of the b liquid crystal layer 3b, so that the light of the right circular polarization component of the blue color is reflected. And through the light outside. Light emitted from the optical element α 2 is incident on the back surface of the B display portion 6b. :b The cholesteric liquid crystal of the display portion 6b reflects only the light of the right circularly polarized light of the blue color. Therefore, the background light of the light of the blue right circularly polarized light component incident on the back surface of the B display portion 6b 20 passes through the cholesteric liquid crystal and passes through the image. The display surface is shot. Thereby, the blue image displayed by the B display portion 6b among the color background bgl visible through the liquid crystal display element 1 can be observed from the image display surface. Next, the optical element α 2 will be viewed from the side of the x3y3 surface, that is, the image obtained when the opposite side of the image display surface is viewed from the side of the surface of 31 200815873 x3y3 will be described. The light incident on the optical element α2 from the x3y3 surface side is a parallel spiral state in the entire region because the cholesteric liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer y5 3b for B reflects the light of the right circular polarization component of the blue color. Light other than the blue right circular polarization component passes through the B liquid. The cold metal 3b enters the B display portion 6b and passes through the B display portion 6b without generating reflected light in the B display portion 6b. On the other hand, the light incident on the image display surface of the B display portion 6b from the x〇y〇 side is as described above, and the blue right circular polarized light in the parallel spiral state field of the liquid crystal layer/3 3b of the B liquid crystal layer/3 3b is used. Light other than the component and the cholesteric liquid crystal 10 are emitted from the back surface in the vicinity of the vertical spiral state. These light passes through the optical element α 2 . As a result, light that has passed through the display portion 6b and the optical element α 2 from the x〇y surface side and the blue right circular polarization that is incident on the x3y3 surface side and reflected on the optical element ^2 2 can be observed on the back side. The light of the ingredients. Therefore, the background bgO which is visible through the liquid crystal display element 1 and the background bgl which is reflected on the back side are observed on the back side without displaying the image 'displayed by the 2 B B display portion 6b. Further, it is possible to form a liquid crystal layer 3b for B by having a right-handed cholesteric liquid crystal. In this case, the B of the optical element J 2 is set to be the same as the cholesteric liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer 3b of the B display portion 6b by the liquid crystal layer B (the maximum reflection wavelength = η · p and the refractive index) The specificity Δη or the like may be within a predetermined range). According to this embodiment, the image can be displayed on the display screen side in the color background, and the image is not displayed from the back side, and only the background can be observed. Next, a description will be given of a method for aligning a liquid crystal interface with an alignment film for 32 200815873 according to the optical element of the present embodiment, and a force application surface for limiting the alignment of liquid crystal molecules is subjected to a rubbing treatment. The alignment film is irradiated on the surface of the watch and an alignment film is formed on the liquid crystal interface, and the alignment film is: a general method. In the rubbing treatment, the friction stage having the friction density of 2 G or more is performed, and the substrate is placed on the moving stage with a predetermined speed of the substrate θ and the Q speed is moved to move the mobile stage. And the - face is ί 抵 抵 子 子 。 。. The friction density can be expressed by the following formula. Rotation = (four) rub the money x the amount of the person x u + (2x; rx roller diameter X square turn / 60 χ table speed)} Use Figure 11 to illustrate the control of the injection optical component according to this friction treatment The directivity of the angle of reflection of light. Fig. 11 (4) shows a state in which the reflection light Is and the transmitted light 1 入射 of the incident light li of the optical element 0: 2 which are not subjected to the rubbing treatment or the state toward the friction density pole 15 are not performed. In the case of Fig. 11(a), the reflected light with respect to the entrance pupil is almost political light Is. Therefore, when the upper side of the optical element α2 shown in Fig. u is the back side, both the background visible through the liquid crystal display element 1 and the background reflected on the back side can be observed. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 11(b), once the force for restricting the alignment is applied to the liquid crystal interface which exhibits the cholesteric liquid crystal phase according to the rubbing treatment, the selective reflection light in the parallel spiral shape is more directional, and the scattered light is scattered. The composition of ls is reduced and the reflectance curve can be traced, and a steeper curve is formed. The reflected light lr increases and the reflectance value of the peak wavelength becomes larger. Moreover, as shown in Fig. 11(c), once the force of 33 200815873 is more powerful to limit the alignment, the directivity of the selected reflected light becomes stronger, and the reflected light lr is mirrored 'for the liquid crystal layer toward the vertical direction. The reflection is less than 1%, and the reflected light is concentrated toward a certain direction (mainly in the range of 45 to 60 °). In this state, only the background visible through the liquid crystal display element 1 can be observed from the side of the optical element α 2 , and the background reflected on the back side is hardly seen, so that the display on the back side is promoted. quality. For example, SE5291 (manufactured by Nissan Chemical Co., Ltd.) is disposed as an alignment film on the liquid crystal interface, and rubbing treatment is applied to have a rubbing density of 20 or more, whereby an element using a cholesteric liquid crystal in which reflected light is mirror-finished can be produced. In this way, the light of the right circularly polarized light component that is incident on the x3y3 surface side and reflected by the optical element is emitted outside the field of view. Therefore, from the back side of the liquid crystal display element 1, it can be observed from x〇y〇. The light transmitted through the Β display portion 6b and the optical element α 2 on the surface side is stronger. In this way, by performing the rubbing treatment with a rubbing density of 20 or more, only the color background bg〇 which can be seen through the liquid crystal display element 1 can be observed on the back side, and the display quality on the back side can be improved. [Fourth embodiment] A liquid crystal display element comprising the fourth embodiment of the present invention and an electronic paper having the liquid crystal display element will be described with reference to Figs. 12 and 13 . The present embodiment is characterized in that it has a plurality of sets of display portions and optical elements, and is characterized in that a plurality of display portions are laminated, and a plurality of optical elements are laminated on the back side. Further, the plural display unit is characterized in that a first display portion that reflects blue light from the display surface side, a second display portion that reflects green light, and a third display portion that reflects red light are laminated in this order. As shown in Fig. 12, the liquid crystal display element 1 includes a B display portion (first display portion) 6b including a B liquid crystal layer 3b that reflects blue light in a state of parallel spiral 34 200815873, and a green light reflecting in a parallel spiral state. The g display unit (second display unit) 6g of the liquid crystal layer 3g and the R display unit (third display unit) 6r including the R liquid crystal layer 3r for reflecting red light in a parallel spiral state. Display of B, G, and R 5 parts of the stain, 6g, and 6r are laminated in this order from the light incident surface (image display surface). The structures of the B display portion 6b, the G display portion 6g, and the R display portion 6r are the same as those of the second embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted. However, in the present embodiment, the palm-shaped material of the cholesteric liquid crystal for B and R is added, and the palm-shaped material added to the cholesteric liquid for G is an optical anisotropy different in optical rotation. Therefore, the optical rotatory properties of the cholesteric liquid crystals for B and 10 R are the same, and the optical rotatory properties of the cholesteric liquid crystals for G are different. Fig. 13 is a view showing an example of a reflection spectrum of each of the liquid crystal layers 3b, 3g, and 3r in a state of parallel spiral. The horizontal axis represents the wavelength (nm) of the reflected light, and the vertical axis represents the reflectance (white plate ratio; %). The reflection spectrum of the liquid crystal layer 3b for B is indicated by a curve connecting 15 marks ▲ in the figure. Similarly, the reflection spectrum of the liquid crystal layer 3g for G is indicated by a curved line in the figure, and the reflection spectrum of the liquid crystal layer 3r for R is indicated by a curve connecting ♦ marks in the figure. As shown in Fig. 13, the center wavelength of the reflection spectrum of the parallel spiral state of each of the liquid crystal layers 3b, 3g, and 3r is sequentially increased by the liquid crystal layers 3b, 3g, and 3r. In the laminated structure of the display portions 6b, 6g, and 6r of B, 20 G, and R, the optical rotatory properties of the G liquid crystal layer 3g in the parallel spiral state are different from those of the B and R liquid crystal layers 3b and 3r. Therefore, in the field of blue and green, and the reflection spectrum of green and red shown in Fig. 13, for example, the liquid crystal layer 3b for B and the liquid crystal layer 3r for R can reflect the light of the right circular polarization, and the liquid crystal layer 3g for G can be used. Reflects the light of the left circular polarization. By 35 200815873 , the loss of reflected light can be reduced, and the brightness of the display screen of the liquid crystal display element can be improved. In the liquid crystal display device 构成 according to the embodiment, the scan electrodes 17b, 17g, 17r, the data electrodes 19b, 19g, 19r or the scan electrode drive 5 circuit 25, the electrode drive circuit 27, etc., and the second embodiment The description is omitted for the same. As shown in Fig. 12, the optical elements α2, α3, and α4 are disposed on the back side of the image display surface of the liquid crystal display element ,, and the optical elements 〇: 2, α3, and α4 can be incident on the image display surface. At least a part of the light emitted from the back surface is transmitted, and light other than the circularly polarized light of a predetermined rotation direction of the predetermined wavelength region among the light from the back side toward the image display surface side is incident on the back surface. In the light from the back side toward the image display surface side, the optical element α2 can emit light other than the blue right circularly polarized light onto the back surface, and the optical element α 3 can emit light other than the green right circular polarized light onto the back surface. The optical element α 4 can emit light other than the right 15 circularly polarized light onto the back surface. The optical element α 2 constructed in accordance with this embodiment has the same configuration as that of the third embodiment. Further, as shown in Fig. 12, the optical element α 3 has a pair of upper and lower substrate stones, 々9b, and is sealed between the two substrate stones 7b, /3 9b and reflects green in a parallel spiral state (G). The color G is cooled by 20 3 g with the liquid crystal layer. In the liquid crystal layer, 3 g of the sealing material/321 g applied around the upper and lower substrate stones 7b and /39b is sealed between the two substrates /57b and /39b. The palm shape of the liquid crystal layer/5 3 g of the cholesteric liquid crystal is the same as the cholesteric liquid crystal of the G liquid crystal layer 3 g of the G display portion 6 g. Further, G of the optical element α3 is the same as the liquid crystal layer/5 3g of the cholesteric liquid crystal. Further, the wavelength of the optical element α 3 is 36. The selected wavelength range of the liquid crystal layer 3g includes the selected wavelength of the liquid crystal layer 3g for the G display unit 6giG. Therefore, g uses a liquid crystal layer to call 3g to be adjusted to have an average refractive index η and a helical pitch p to have left-handedness to selectively reflect green light' in a parallel spiral state to reflect green left-circularly polarized light and to make it 5 Light permeable cholesterol liquid crystal. One of the opposing arrangements was cooled to the upper and lower substrates by 7 g, and the cold % did not form an electrode. A pair of upper and lower substrates are called 7g, y$9g and G liquid crystal layer / 3g, respectively. The interface is formed by a friction-treated alignment film cold x2 and cold heading 2. The alignment film x2 and the cold x2 may be formed only on one side of the pair of upper and lower substrates y3 7g and y5 9g. G uses the liquid crystal layer 10 to call 3g of the memory of the cholesteric liquid crystal and often maintains a parallel spiral state. Further, as shown in Fig. 12, the optical element 〇: 4 has one of the opposing pairs of the upper and lower substrates 10,000, ???, 9r, and is sealed between the two substrates y9, 7r, yS9r and reflects red in a parallel spiral state (R). ) R for the color light liquid crystal layer 10,000. The R liquid crystal layer is cooled 3r to be applied between the two substrates/5 7r and the stone 9r by being applied to the sealing material 21r 15 around the upper and lower substrate stones 7r and /3 9r. The palm shape of the cholesteric liquid crystal of the R liquid crystal layer 3R is the same as that of the r display unit & R liquid c曰 layer 3r. Further, the liquid crystal layer for R of the optical element; the selected wavelength region of 3 3r includes the selected wavelength of the liquid crystal layer 7 for the r display portion & Therefore, the liquid crystallite 3r for R has right-handedness with an average refractive index of 20 η and a pitch of p, to selectively reflect red light, and to reflect red right-circularly polarized light in a parallel spiral state. It is composed of cholesteric liquid crystal that transmits light other than light. The operation of the image display of the liquid crystal display element 1 constructed according to this embodiment is the same as that of the third embodiment, and therefore the description thereof will be omitted. 37 200815873 As described above, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to display an image on the display screen side and display the image on a color background, and it is possible to observe only the electronic paper of the color background without displaying the image from the back side. In the present embodiment, in Fig. 12, the display portions 5b, 6g, and 6r for b, G, and R are stacked in this order from the light incident surface (image display surface) side, and the 6, 5, and 11 layers are used. The optical elements 61; 2, 〇: 3, and 〇: 4 are arranged in this order on the back surface of the display portion 6r, but are not limited thereto. For example, the optical element 2 for b may be interposed between the display unit 6b and the display unit 6g, and the optical element for G may be interposed between the display unit 6g and the display unit 6r, and placed on the back surface of the display unit 6r. Optical element 014. In other words, the optical element α2 for B is disposed on the back side of the B display portion 6b, and the optical element α3 for G is disposed on the back side of the G display portion 6g, and the rear side of the r display portion & The optical element α4 may be used, and the order in which the optical elements α2, α3, and α4 are arranged is not particularly limited. 15 As described above, according to the present embodiment, in the cholesteric liquid crystal method, the characteristic of selectively reflecting one of the left and right circularly polarized light is transmitted, and it is possible to inject the surface side of the element from the side where the image is not observed. One of the left and right circular polarizations is separated from the liquid crystal layer used to form the image, for example, when the cholesteric liquid crystal that selectively reflects the left circularly polarized light is used as the display 2 element, if there is no left circular polarization in the incident light, only In the case of the right circularly polarized light, no reflected light occurs and only the right circularly polarized light passes through the display element. At this time, the left circularly polarized light exists only in the incident light from one of the surfaces of the display element, and if the incident light from the opposite side does not have the left circularly polarized light, the image can be recognized from the side where the left circular polarized light exists, and vice versa. The image cannot be recognized on the side. In the state of 2008, the state of the second embodiment can be provided with a circularly polarizing filter (the optical element α 1 of the first embodiment, etc.) or another cholesteric liquid crystal layer (the second embodiment). It can be realized by element α 2 , etc.). The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and can be variously changed. 5 The driving method of the above embodiment is exemplified by the line sequential driving (line sequential scanning) method. However, the dot sequential driving method can also be used as the driving method. In the above embodiment, a liquid crystal display device having a three-layer structure in which the B, G, and R display portions 6b, 6g, and 6r are laminated is described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and may be applied. A liquid crystal display element of two or more layers. Further, the above embodiment exemplifies a liquid crystal display element having display portions 6b, 6g, 6r having liquid crystal layers 3b, 3g which reflect blue, green or red light in a parallel spiral state, 3r, however, the present invention is not limited thereto, and a liquid crystal display element having a three-layer display portion having a liquid crystal layer which can reflect cyan blue, magenta, and yellow light can also be applied. The above embodiment is illustrative of a passive matrix type liquid crystal display device device. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and each pixel may have a switching element such as a thin film transistor (TFT) or a diode. Active matrix type 20 liquid crystal display device component. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a view showing a schematic configuration of a liquid crystal display device 1 constructed in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 3 is a view showing the operation of image display of the liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 4 (a) and (b) show an example of the driving waveform of the liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 5 is a view showing an example of voltage-reflectance characteristics of the cholesteric liquid crystal of the liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in the first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 6 (a) to (c) show the effect of image display of the liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 7 is a view showing a schematic configuration of a liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing a cross-sectional structure of a liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the liquid crystal display element 1 of the fifth embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 10 is a view showing the operation of image display of the liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in accordance with the third embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 11 (a) to (c) illustrate the directivity of the reflection angle of the light incident on the optical element α 2 by the rubbing treatment according to the third embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 12 is a schematic sectional view showing the cross-sectional structure of a liquid crystal display element 1 constructed in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 13 is a view showing an example of a reflection spectrum of a liquid crystal display element in a parallel spiral state. 40 200815873 Fig. 14 is a schematic view showing a cross-sectional structure of a liquid crystal display element of a conventional full color display. Fig. 15 (a) and (b) schematically show a cross-sectional structure of a liquid crystal layer which is one of conventional liquid crystal display elements. Fig. 16 (8) to (c) show the display of the structure in which the light absorbing layer is not provided on the back surface of the conventional liquid crystal display element. [Description of main component symbols] 1, 51···Liquid crystal display components 3b, 43b". B liquid crystal layer 3g, 43g " * G liquid crystal layer 3r, 43r. "R liquid crystal layer 6b, 46b. "B display unit 6g, 46g"_G display unit 6r, 46r*" R display units 7b, 7g, 7r, 47b, 47g, 47r··· upper 9b, 9g, 9r, 49b, 49g, 49r··· Lower 12b...blue (B) pixel 12g···green (G) pixel 12f...red (R) pixel 17r, 17g, 17b...scanning electrode 19r, 19g, 19b...data electrode 21b, 21g, 21r...sealing material 23· ·Control circuit 24...Drive unit 25...Scan electrode drive circuit 27...Data electrode drive circuit 33...Liquid crystal (liquid crystal molecule) 45···Light absorption layer αΐ, α2, α3, α4···Optical element/31...Line Polarizer cold 2". λ/4 plate/53ΐ)····Use liquid crystal layer for liquid crystal layer/33r"R liquid crystal layer y37b, /57g, base 4 counter 41 200815873 al...light transmission axis a2...late phase axis /3%, yS9g, Cold 9r···lower base 4 reverse/?21b, cold 21g, /3211*··· sealing material/5x1, y5x2,/5x3... alignment film 42