TW200815536A - Process for preparing granules of pigments by means of double extrusion - Google Patents
Process for preparing granules of pigments by means of double extrusion Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW200815536A TW200815536A TW096128993A TW96128993A TW200815536A TW 200815536 A TW200815536 A TW 200815536A TW 096128993 A TW096128993 A TW 096128993A TW 96128993 A TW96128993 A TW 96128993A TW 200815536 A TW200815536 A TW 200815536A
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- extruder
- extrusion
- diameter
- screw
- mixture
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 sorbitan ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 description 7
- NRCMAYZCPIVABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinacridone Chemical compound N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=C1C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3NC1=C2 NRCMAYZCPIVABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 4
- RCHKEJKUUXXBSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-benzyl-2-(3-formylindol-1-yl)acetamide Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C(C=O)=CN1CC(=O)NCC1=CC=CC=C1 RCHKEJKUUXXBSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000720913 Fuchsia Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007108 Fuchsia magellanica Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013020 final formulation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- YPNVIBVEFVRZPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L silver sulfate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O YPNVIBVEFVRZPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000367 silver sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
- C09B67/0001—Post-treatment of organic pigments or dyes
- C09B67/0002—Grinding; Milling with solid grinding or milling assistants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/05—Filamentary, e.g. strands
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
- B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
- B29C48/405—Intermeshing co-rotating screws
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/50—Details of extruders
- B29C48/505—Screws
- B29C48/625—Screws characterised by the ratio of the threaded length of the screw to its outside diameter [L/D ratio]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/50—Details of extruders
- B29C48/76—Venting, drying means; Degassing means
- B29C48/761—Venting, drying means; Degassing means the vented material being in liquid form
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
- B29C48/80—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the plasticising zone, e.g. by heating cylinders
- B29C48/83—Heating or cooling the cylinders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
- B29C48/80—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the plasticising zone, e.g. by heating cylinders
- B29C48/83—Heating or cooling the cylinders
- B29C48/832—Heating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
- B29C48/80—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the plasticising zone, e.g. by heating cylinders
- B29C48/83—Heating or cooling the cylinders
- B29C48/834—Cooling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
- C09B67/0001—Post-treatment of organic pigments or dyes
- C09B67/0004—Coated particulate pigments or dyes
- C09B67/0008—Coated particulate pigments or dyes with organic coatings
- C09B67/0013—Coated particulate pigments or dyes with organic coatings with polymeric coatings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
- C09B67/0071—Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dehydrating agents; Dispersing agents; Dustfree compositions
- C09B67/0092—Dyes in solid form
- C09B67/0095—Process features in the making of granulates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
- B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/50—Details of extruders
- B29C48/76—Venting, drying means; Degassing means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2061/00—Use of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/0005—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing compounding ingredients
- B29K2105/0032—Pigments, colouring agents or opacifiyng agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
- B29K2105/16—Fillers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/25—Solid
- B29K2105/251—Particles, powder or granules
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Description
200815536 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種用於塗布有機和無機顏料之雙重擠 壓製法,顏料中較佳係具有丙烯酸、醛類和/或酮類樹脂, 以提供一種粒子組成物,其較佳爲顆粒狀。 【先前技術】 如同已知的,顏料爲同時具有有機和無機性質的固 體,其被定義成:.當它們用於固定的系統(例如樹脂)中, 會吸收一部分的光線並且反射其互補部分,而反射的部分 會形成被塗布表面的顏色。 就此而言,它們是具有非常不規則表面的固體,每一 種顏料皆會有所差異,並且具有與其它物質彼此完全不同 的界面性質,同時深受接觸元件之物理及化學條件的影響。 結果使得不同批次製備而得的各種顏料混合物顏色的 形成不均勻,不只是因爲每一次環境條件改變所造成的變 化,也是因爲在熔融期間的顏料表面性質和聚合物表面張 力性質的差異,即使不是每批都不同,但是可能稍微會有 改變。 早已爲人所熟知要將顏料融入以非常多種類之樹脂爲 基材的載體系統中是相當困難的。 這種情形對於粉體系統和液體系統皆同時適用,在粉 體系統中,顏料係在擠壓機內與熔融狀態的聚合物樹脂接 觸,而在液體系統中,則是與溶液、乳濁液或分散液〔同 時以溶劑和/或水稀釋〕形態的聚合物(樹脂)界面,其對 200815536 於系統具有絮凝的效果。 目前在粉體塗料的製劑中,顏料的嵌入是藉 物理攪拌來進行,其係將該顏料與各種形態(碎戶 的樹脂顆粒混合,其係藉著加入能改善顏料和樹 觸作用的化學添加劑來形成載體,而將顏料融入 混合物中所含樹脂的熔融及分散或者是液態/黏 的硏磨係發生於擠壓期間。 此方法一般係使用單螺桿擠壓機(單螺桿 ® 型),其具有的顏料硏磨能力不夠強,因此不是非 來擠壓具有高色度產率的有機顏料,基於此理由 要係用於不是非常重視顏色形成和色度產率的無 顏料產品中。 一般使用和已知的雙螺桿擠壓機係具有複 (Leistriz型);其與單螺桿擠壓機相比,在精製 磨能’力方面皆具有較佳的性能,因此常被用於很 顏料以及需要高色度產率時。 單螺桿和雙螺桿擠壓機皆是使用供應至擠壓 來幫助聚合物熔化及在液態/黏態中之顏料的硏 儘管如此,使用雙螺桿擠壓機已被證明在許 有所侷限,如對於特別精緻且昂貴之有機顏料( 用於對外部試劑具良好抵抗性的塗料所開發之有 的分散能力,還有對於金屬塗料時之透明度、高 飽和度,以及需要使分散度及色度產率極大化時 於特別難分散的無機顏料,或者是單純爲了能提 著簡單的 ^或薄片) 脂之間接 樹脂中, 態中顏料 Bandera 常適合用 ,它們主 機或有機 合式螺桿 顏料及硏 難硏磨的 室的熱量 磨。 多方面皆 例如爲了 機顏料) 色調和高 ;或是對 高被擠壓 200815536 製品中的顏料濃度同時還要維持良好分散度。 特別是,以此領域已知的方法來硏磨許多種有機顏料 (例如品紅色的二甲基喹吖啶酮紅色丨22顏料、紫紅色的β喹 吖啶酮紫色1 9顏料、橘色的二酮-吡咯基吡咯橘色7 3顏料) 時’其所能達到的細度和均勻度並無法讓應用部門(例如高 功能性塗料的應用部分)滿意。 事實上,顏料的粒子仍然太大(亦即,品紅色二甲基喹 吖啶酮紅色1 2 2顏料的5〜3 0微米,紫紅色β喹吖啶酮紫色 1 9顏料的1 〇〜3 0微米,以及橘色二酮-吡咯基吡咯橘色7 3 顏料的1 0〜2 5微米)’也無法充份均勻的分散,而對性質 產生負面的影響,如色度產率、輝度和色調。 在所有的例子中,在熱擠壓機中的第二次擠壓並未對 於分散度提供實質的改善。 被擠壓的固態製品不只是可用於粉體塗料或是塑膠母 料,也可藉由以溶劑溶解來做爲硏磨步驟的固態取代製 品’代表性的物質爲液體塗料和油墨,突顯出上述的侷限 和需求。 【發明內容】 因此,必需開發出一種用於塗布具有樹脂之有機和/ 或無機顏料的新穎擠壓方法,以獲得顆粒狀的製劑,其可 克服現有狀況中不好的部分。 形成本發明主題的此種技術係基於: 將以樹脂和顏料爲基材之混合物在沒有感應加熱的情 況下予以第一次擠壓; 200815536 -在感應加熱的情況下將第一次擠壓的混合物予以第二 次擠壓; -將所獲得的混合物予以粒化。 依照本發明的一種態樣’第一次擠壓係在同步旋轉雙 螺桿擠壓機中進行,其可使得第一個步驟在沒有感應加熱 的情況下進行,只使用擠壓機內部因截切和摩擦力所自然 產生的熱量。 本發明較佳之雙螺桿擠壓機所使用之螺桿的直徑爲2 7 ^ 〜110毫米,較佳爲30〜87毫米,並且長度爲直徑的25 〜48倍,較佳爲 32〜40倍。 在上述擠壓機內部的溫度可在自約0至約5 0 °C之間變 動,較佳爲5至3 5 °C ;將擠壓機的內部槪念上分成9個等 長的區域,第一區域中的溫度通常是設定爲5〜15°C,較 佳爲l〇°C,第二區域(3至6)中的溫度通常是設定爲15〜 25°C,較佳爲20°C,並且第三區域(6至9)中的溫度通常是 設定爲25〜35°C,較佳爲30°C。 擠壓機內部的溫度可同時藉由擠壓機第一區域中的冷 卻組合及混合物成分中水的蒸發來控制;此可藉著在靠近 擠壓機輸送區的末端部分裝置呼吸閥來進行。要使混合物 維持在未完全熔融的狀態,溫度的控制相當重要,因此截 切力可使得它們的作用更有效的發揮。 第一次擠壓的流速約爲5〜20公斤/小時,較佳爲1〇 〜15公斤/小時。 在第一個步驟之後,離開擠壓機的顏料及樹脂半成品 200815536 爲不定形但均勻的固體狀態,其可能含有大量的水’有時 會使得後續的擠壓變的困難。在這樣的情況下,較佳係在 此混合物中添加界面活性劑或分散劑(以非離子性爲較 佳,例如環氧化山梨醇酐和黃豆油酯,較佳爲環氧化山梨 醇酐酯),以利於固態的濕化,並且產生一種具有良好擠壓 特性的均質混合物。 接著將來自第一次擠壓的擠出物送去進行第二次擠 壓;此項程序可以批次或者是連續的方式來進行。 • 第二個雙螺桿擠壓機之螺桿的直徑爲27〜1 1 0毫米, 較佳爲30〜87毫米,並且長度爲直徑的30〜60倍,較佳 爲4 8〜6 0倍。 在上述擠壓機內部的溫度可在自約5〇至約130°C之間 變動,較佳爲8 0至1 1 0 °C ;將擠壓機的內部槪念上分成9 個等長的區域,藉由提供感應的熱能,使第一區域中的溫 度通常設定爲70〜90 °C,較佳爲80 °C,第二區域(3至6) 中的溫度通常設定爲8 0〜1 0 0 °C,較佳爲9 0 °C,並且第三 馨 區域(6至9)中的溫度通常是設定爲90〜11 〇°C,較佳爲100 〇C。 第一次擠壓的流速爲15〜35公斤/小時,較佳爲20 〜3 0公斤/小時。 擠壓方法係利用模頭和製粒機來完成。 混合物中所殘留的水分也可藉著施加真空的方式來萃 取,如有需要,可透過脫氣系統的呼吸閥。 硏磨的細度和經分散粒子的均質化使得所獲得之粒徑 200815536 分佈曲線非常狹窄,其粒徑相當的小’當以放大2 0 0倍的 光學顯微鏡來量測時,其粒徑小於1〜2微米。 第二次操作所產出之熔融狀態的物質也可以藉著安裝 在擠壓機前端的模頭和噴水截切(water_cutting)製粒機來 製造微顆粒。 値得注意的是,雖然單一的熱操作回合會產生不規則 的硏磨細度,在每個實例中的粒子大小相當分散’分別爲 5〜3 0微米、1 0〜3 0 微米' 1 0〜2 5微米(當以放大2 〇 0倍 ® 的光學顯微鏡來量測時),然而雙重的冷/熱操作回合不只 是將粒子大小降低至小於1〜2微米,同時也可導致完美的 均勻度(粒徑分佈曲線狹窄),結果得到較高的色度產率。 特別是,在同時具有無機和有機顏料爲基材之製劑的 例子中,先製備分散劑的水溶液(相對於製劑的總重量,7jC 的使用量較佳係介於1 〇至20重量%的範圍內);將樹脂送 入攪拌機(較佳爲高速葉片型的開放式容器)並且以相當於 大約5 0 %該種溶液的量來予以濕化;在攪拌的同時將顏料 ^ 送入,並且將剩餘的水溶液加入;添加惰性塡料,並且在 攪拌之後將產物排出及運送至擠壓機中。 此混合物也可含有礦物質強化塡料,例如硫酸鋇。 無論是攪拌有機顏料或是無機顏料,通常都是在8〇〇 到220 0 rpm之間的速率下進行。 依照本發明之方法所能獲得的粒狀製劑可用來製造以 樹脂和顏料及本技術領域所知成份爲基材的粒狀系統,特 別是以相同申請者之名義所提出的國際專利申請書 -10- 200815536 PCT/IT2005/000443、PCT/IT2005/0005 3 6 > PCT/EP2006/0000 1 9 及PCT/IT2 00 6/0 005 8 8中所述者,其亦倂入本文列爲參考內 容。 【實施方式】 工廠/方法之敘述 此工廠/方法包括: 一個具有螺旋漿葉輪之高速渦輪式攪拌機,其轉速係 介於每分鐘1 000至3 000轉的範圍內,較佳爲2000〜25 00 r p m ’其可使得包含顏料、樹脂、添加劑和水之成分達到均 質化。 用於第一回合的冷卻式同步旋轉雙螺桿擠壓機(Leistriz 型)適合用來使來自渦輪式攪拌機之混合物的顏料得到理 想的冷分散。 ”冷卻回合”中並未供應熱量,因此避免了樹脂完全溶 化,但是,利用高速截切力所產生的”摩擦”熱確保了顏料 能理想分散,然而卻獲得了非顆粒狀的不定形物理物態。 混合物的熔化程序是在加熱的同步旋轉雙螺桿擠壓機 (Leistriz型)中進行,其中的水相完全流出。 安裝在擠壓機前端的微粒製造機(Gala水下製粒型)係 用來將水相中的擠出物製成微粒。 較佳係藉由 Gala公司所製造且於國際專利申請書 WO/21 371中所述之噴水截切粒化機來製造顆粒,該專利申 請書倂爲本文參考內容。 主要由流體化床振動篩所構成的篩選/乾燥系統,用 200815536 來分離水相並且將可能形成不符合粒子 以篩選/篩除,並且接著以熱空氣裝置 由擠壓方法所獲得之微顆粒端視被 而定,可能每克含有80至200顆,爲了 運送的期間不要因爲溫度條件而無法適 行包裝,因此可補充任何一種二氧化砂 免微顆粒壓密。 以下的實施例純粹係用來說明,並 施例,同時確認一些可供應至擠壓機的 以利於後續產生本發明之粒子組成物, 和粉末狀兩種形態;水份明顯地不應診 成分,因爲它會在乾燥期間被去除;這^ 實施例 1 傳統的一次擠懕方法 品紅色的二甲基喹吖啶酮紅色1 22顏 硫酸鋇:
Atmer® 1 1 6 (乙氧化的山梨醇酯): Laropal® A 81 (醒類樹脂): 水: 擠壓參數: 區域1〜3 :溫度8 0 °C 區域4〜6 :溫度9 0 °C 區域7〜9:溫度100T: 螺桿直徑:3 0毫米 大小規格之顆粒予 予以乾燥。 擠壓混合物的比重 使微顆粒在儲存或 當控制及運送來進 流體化添加劑來避 且爲非限制性的實 化合物之混合物’ 其同時包含顆粒狀 被視爲最終製劑的 昼份數爲重量份數° : 25 20 5 50 12 -12- 200815536 螺桿長度:1 5 6 0毫米 安裝了模頭和製粒機 產率:1 5公斤/小時 結果:硏磨細度:5〜3 0微米 實施例2 雙重擠壓方法 品紅色的二甲基喹吖啶酮紅色1 22顏料:25 硫酸鋇: 20
Atmer® 116 (乙氧化的山梨醇酯): 5
Laropal⑧ A 8 1 (醛樹脂): 55 水: 12 第一次擠壓參數: 區域1〜3 :溫度1 0 °C 區域4〜6 :溫度2 0 °C 區域7〜9 :溫度3 0 °C 螺桿直徑:3 0毫米 螺桿長度:7 5 0毫米 未安裝模頭和製粒機 產率:2 5公斤/小時 第二次擠壓參數: 區域1〜3 :溫度8 0 °C 區域4〜6 :溫度9 0 °C 區域7〜9 :溫度1 0 0 °C 螺桿直徑:3 0毫米 200815536 螺桿長度:1 5 6 0毫米 安裝了模頭和製粒機 產率:1 5公斤/小時 結果:硏磨細度:1〜2微米 實施例3 傳統的一次擠壓方法 紫紅色的β喹吖啶酮紫色19顏料: 40 硫酸鋇: 1〇
Atmer⑧116 (乙氧化的山梨醇酯): 6
Laropal㊣A 81 (醛類樹脂): 44 水: 12 擠壓參數: 區域1〜3 :溫度8 0 °C 區域4〜6 :溫度9 0 °C 區域7〜9 :溫度1 0 0 °C 螺桿直徑:3 0毫米 螺桿長度:1 5 6 0毫米 安裝了模頭和製粒機 產率:1 5公斤/小時 結果:硏磨細度:1 〇〜3 0微米 實施例4 雙重擠壓方法 紫紅色的β喹吖啶酮紫色1 9顏料: 40 硫酸銀· 10 -1 4 - 200815536
Atmer® 116(乙氧化的山梨醇酯): 6
Laropal®A81(醒樹脂): 44 水: 12 第一次擠壓參數:
區域1〜3 :溫度1 0 °C 區域4〜6 :溫度2 0 °C 區域7〜9 :溫度3 0 °C 螺桿直徑:3 〇毫米 螺桿長度:750毫米 未安裝模頭和製粒機 產率:2 5公斤/小時 第二次擠壓參數: 區域1〜3:溫度80°C 區域4〜6 :溫度9 01: 區域7〜9 :溫度1 0 0 °C 螺桿直徑:3 0毫米 螺桿長度:1 5 6 0毫米 安裝了模頭和製粒機 產率:1 5公斤/小時 結果:硏磨細度:1〜2微米 實施例5 傳統的一次擠壓方法 40 10 橘色的二酮-吡略基吡咯橘色7 3顏料: 硫酸鋇: 200815536
Atmer⑧116 (乙氧化的山梨醇酯): 5
Laropal® A 81 (醛類樹脂): 45 水: 12 擠壓參數: 區域1〜3 :溫度8 0 °C 區域4〜6 :溫度9 0 °C 區域7〜9 :溫度1 0 0 t:
螺桿直徑:3 〇毫米 螺桿長度:1 5 6 0毫米 安裝了模頭和製粒機 產率:1 5公斤/小時 結果:硏磨細度:1 〇〜2 5微米 實施例6 雙重擠壓方法 橘色的二酮-吡咯基吡咯橘色7 3顏料:4 0 硫酸鋇: 1 〇 A t m e r ® 1 1 6 (乙氧化的山梨醇酯): 5 L a r o p a 1 ® A 8 1 (醛樹脂): 45 水: 12 第一次擠壓參數: 區域1〜3 :溫度1 0 °C 區域4〜6 :溫度2 0 °C 區域7〜9 :溫度3 0 °C 螺桿直徑:3 0毫米 -16- 200815536 螺桿長度:7 5 0毫米 未安裝模頭和製粒機 產率:2 5公斤/小時 第二次擠壓參數: 區域1〜3 :溫度8 0 °C 區域4〜6 :溫度9 0 °C 區域7〜9:溫度100X: 螺桿直徑:3 0毫米 螺桿長度:1 5 60毫米 安裝了模頭和製粒機 產率:1 5公斤/小時 結果:硏磨細度:1〜2微米
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Claims (1)
- 200815536 十、申請專利範圍: 樹 一1彐11 種 1 少 至 有: 含驟 物步 成下 組以 該括 , 包 法法 方方 造該 製, 的料 物顏 成種 組一 子少 粒至 種和 1 脂 (a) 將含有該至少一種樹脂和該至少一種顏料之混合物 在沒有感應加熱的情況下予以擠壓; (b) 接著將步驟(a)擠壓所得到的混合物在感應加熱的情 況下予以擠壓; (c) 將所獲得的混合物予以粒化。 2.如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中步驟(a)和/或步驟 (b)係在同步旋轉雙螺桿擠壓機中進行。 3 .如申請專利範圍第2項之方法,其中步驟(a)之擠壓機的 螺桿的直徑爲2 7〜1 1 〇毫米,較佳爲3 0〜8 7毫米。 4 .如申請專利範圍第3項之方法,其中該螺桿的長度爲該 直徑的25〜48倍,較佳爲該直徑的32〜40倍。 5 .如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中步驟(a)之擠壓機內 部的溫度爲自約〇至約50它之間變動。 6. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中步驟(a)之擠壓機內 部的溫度爲自約5至約3 5 °C之間變動。 7. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中步驟(a)之擠壓的流 速爲5〜2 0公斤/小時,較佳爲1 〇〜1 5公斤/小時。 8 .如申請專利範圍第2項之方法’其中步驟彳…之擠壓機的 螺桿的直徑爲27〜11〇毫米,較佳爲30〜87毫米。 9.如申請專利範圍第8項之方法,其中該螺桿的長度爲該 直徑的30〜60倍,較佳爲該直徑的48〜60倍。 -18- 200815536 1 0 ·如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中步驟(b)之擠壓機內 部的溫度爲自約5 0至約1 3 0 °C之間變動。 1 1 ·如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中步驟(b)之擠壓機內 部的溫度爲自8 0至11 〇 °C之間變動。 1 2 .如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中步驟(b)之擠壓的流 速爲1 5〜3 5公斤/小時,較佳爲2 0〜3 0公斤/小時。 i 3 .如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中粒化係藉由以噴水 (water jet)截切的方式來進行。 • 1 4 .如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該至少一種顏料爲 有機和/或無機的。 i 5 .如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該至少一種樹脂爲 醛類、酮類和Λ或丙烯酸樹脂。 i 6 .如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該混合物含有至少 一種礦物質強化塡料。 1 7.如申請專利範圍第16項之方法,其中該礦物質塡料爲硫 酸鋇。 ® 1 8 .如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該混合物含有至少 一種分散劑,其較佳爲非離子性。 19.如申請專利範圍第1 8項之組成物,其中該分散劑係選自 山梨醇酐和環氧化的黃豆油酯’較佳爲環氧化山梨醇酐 酯。 2 0.如申請專利範圍第1項之方法’其中該混合物含有水。 2 1 . —種粒子組成物,其可依申請專利範圍第1〜2 0項中任 一項之方法獲得。 -19- 200815536 2 2.如申請專利範圍第21項之組成物,其具有的平均粒徑小 於2微米。 2 3 .如申請專利範圍第2 1項之組成物,其中具有的平均粒徑 爲1〜2微米。 2 4.—種如申請專利範圍第21〜23項之組成物的用途,其用 於製備粉體塗料、液體塗料和塑膠。-20- 200815536 七、指定代表圖: (一) 本案指定代表圖為:無。 (二) 本代表圖之元件符號簡單說明: te 〇 八、本案若有化學式時,請揭示最能顯示發明特徵的化學式:
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| PCT/IT2006/000613 WO2008018097A1 (en) | 2006-08-09 | 2006-08-09 | Process for preparing granules of pigments by means of double extrusion |
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| JP2012512306A (ja) | 2008-12-16 | 2012-05-31 | ダウ グローバル テクノロジーズ エルエルシー | ポリマーによりカプセル化された金属酸化物の不透明化顔料を含む被覆用組成物及びその製造プロセス関連出願に対する相互参照 |
| EP2361956A1 (en) | 2010-02-22 | 2011-08-31 | Inxel Trademark & Patents SAGL | Composition of pigments soluble in water and/or in organic solvents |
| BRPI1105379B1 (pt) | 2011-12-26 | 2021-08-10 | Embraco Indústria De Compressores E Soluções Em Refrigeração Ltda | Sistema de válvula semi-comandada aplicado em compressor e método de modulação de capacidade de compressor dotado de sistema de válvula semi-comandada |
| CN107722709A (zh) * | 2017-11-09 | 2018-02-23 | 中国科学院包头稀土研发中心 | 一种含有有机和无机颜料的复合颜料及其制备方法 |
| DE102017131437A1 (de) | 2017-12-29 | 2019-07-04 | Heubach Gmbh | Verwendung einer Pigmentpräparation zur Herstellung von Lackfarben sowie die danach hergestellte Lackfarbe |
| CN108192423A (zh) * | 2018-02-06 | 2018-06-22 | 加圣(上海)新材料有限公司 | 一种色浆及其制备方法 |
| TW202146590A (zh) | 2020-06-05 | 2021-12-16 | 美商片片堅俄亥俄州工業公司 | 積層製造組成物及用以納入經樹脂穩定化處理之色料之方法 |
| CN114437569A (zh) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-05-06 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | 一种黏土矿物杂化钴蓝颜料的制备方法 |
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| DE2556182B2 (de) * | 1975-12-13 | 1980-01-24 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur Herstellungreakliver Pulverharzmischungen |
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| JPS5678927A (en) * | 1979-11-30 | 1981-06-29 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Kneading and extrusion granulating apparatus of thermosetting resing molding material |
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| EP1277808B1 (en) | 2001-07-09 | 2004-12-15 | Ciba SC Holding AG | Easily distributable pigment compositions |
| ITTO20010697A1 (it) * | 2001-07-16 | 2003-01-16 | Ver Plast S R L | Vernice che riproduce l'effetto estetico di un tessuto a trama fine. |
| JP2004018827A (ja) | 2002-06-20 | 2004-01-22 | Nippon Paint Co Ltd | 粉体塗料の製造方法 |
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| DE10309813B4 (de) * | 2003-03-05 | 2008-06-19 | Heubach Gmbh | Pigmentzubereitung und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
| JP4394362B2 (ja) | 2003-03-11 | 2010-01-06 | 日本ポリプロ株式会社 | 樹脂ペレットの製造方法 |
| AU2005269945A1 (en) * | 2004-07-08 | 2006-02-09 | Archer-Daniels-Midland Company | Epoxidized esters of vegetable oil fatty acids as reactive diluents |
| IT1364636B (it) * | 2005-02-07 | 2009-07-31 | Achille Bardelli | Rivestimento di pigmenti organici ed inorganici con resine aldeidiche e chetoniche |
| EP1976939B1 (en) * | 2006-01-16 | 2016-10-19 | PPG Industries Ohio, Inc. | Use of organic or inorganic pigments coated with acrylic resins |
| KR101290221B1 (ko) * | 2006-07-28 | 2013-07-31 | 인셀 트레이드마크 앤드 페이턴츠 에쓰에이지엘 | 알데히드 또는 케톤 수지로 무기 안료를 코팅 |
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Also Published As
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| ATE506166T1 (de) | 2011-05-15 |
| US8802752B2 (en) | 2014-08-12 |
| CN101505944A (zh) | 2009-08-12 |
| CA2659546A1 (en) | 2008-02-14 |
| IL196735A0 (en) | 2009-11-18 |
| SI2049317T1 (sl) | 2011-08-31 |
| BRPI0621936A2 (pt) | 2011-12-20 |
| AU2006347136A1 (en) | 2008-02-14 |
| ES2365413T3 (es) | 2011-10-04 |
| DK2049317T3 (da) | 2011-08-01 |
| KR101352825B1 (ko) | 2014-02-17 |
| CN101505944B (zh) | 2013-04-17 |
| EP2049317A1 (en) | 2009-04-22 |
| KR20090035731A (ko) | 2009-04-10 |
| PL2049317T3 (pl) | 2011-09-30 |
| EP2049317B1 (en) | 2011-04-20 |
| IL196735A (en) | 2013-10-31 |
| JP2010500442A (ja) | 2010-01-07 |
| JP5248500B2 (ja) | 2013-07-31 |
| US20100004387A1 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
| AR062302A1 (es) | 2008-10-29 |
| DE602006021492D1 (de) | 2011-06-01 |
| USRE48079E1 (en) | 2020-07-07 |
| MX2009001391A (es) | 2009-04-30 |
| WO2008018097A1 (en) | 2008-02-14 |
| PT2049317E (pt) | 2011-07-26 |
| CA2659546C (en) | 2013-07-02 |
| AU2006347136B2 (en) | 2012-05-24 |
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