200814566 九、發明說明： ^ 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關於一種光纜監測系統和方法，特別是關 於一種結合斷線自動切換保護的光纜監測系統及方法。 【先前技術】 光纖通信系統之光纜監測通常使用諸如光時域反射 器（optical time-domain reflectometry; 0TDR)之光通 道故障點檢測裝置。光時域反射器藉由不同時間點相對於 光纖測試信號自然反射而回的光功率和先前記錄之原始 光纖品質軌跡之比對而判斷故障點或斷線點所在之處。一 般光繞之監測分為在線（on-1 ine)和離線（of f -1 ine)兩種 模式。在線模式係指光時域反射器檢測之光纖芯線 (optical fiber)本身是傳輸芯線，光纖測試信號和傳輸 信號具有不同之波長。離線模式則是光時域反射器檢測之 光纖芯線係非傳輸芯線。 第一 A圖顯示一傳統之光纜在線監測系統100A，其包 ί 含光纜110、通信光終端機（120、121)、光時域反射器 130、光通道切換器（optical switch; 0SW) 140、中央處 理單元（central processing unit; CPU)150、分波多工 器（wavelength division multiplexer ; WDM)(160 、 161)、光功率計170。第一 A圖藉整個光纖網路之一部份 例示傳統之在線監測方式，實際之光纖網路可能包含更多 諸如通信光終端機、光、纜和相對之分波多工器以構成整個 通信網路。通信光終端機120和121透過分波多工器160、 6 200814566 光蜆110和分波多工器161與光纖網路内之其他通信光終 端機交換資訊。光緵110可以包含複數條如上述之光纖怒 線。光通道切換器140可以是一對多之切換器，當透過光 功率計170發現正常之光功率消失時，中央處理單元15〇 切換光通道切換器H0以選擇光纜110中之光纖芯線並控 制光時域反射器130做斷線點之檢測。由於係在線測試模 式，光時域反射器130以不同波長之光纖测試信號進行斷 線點之定位。 第一 B圖顯示一傳統之光纜離線監測系統ι〇〇Β，其包 含光纜110、光時域反射器130、光通道切換器14〇、中 央處理單元150、分波多工器160、光功率計17〇和光源 UO。同樣地，第一 b圖藉整個光纖網路之一部份例示傳 統之離線監測方式，實際之光纖網路可能包含更多諸如通 k光終端機、光通道和相對之分波多工器以構成整個通作 網路。由於離線之監測光纖上沒有傳輸光訊號’所以需^ ， 透過額外之光源180提供光信號以進行即時之監測。參光 功率計170無法偵測到來自光源180之光信號時，中央處 理單元150即切換光通道切換器140以選擇光繞11〇中2 光纖芯線並控制光時域反射器130做斷線點之檢測。 傳統使用光時域反射器之光纜監剛方式，雖然技仗 可以定位出芯線斷線處，但是現行方式有其速度上限=上 例如，典塑的光時域反射器其檢測單一这線可能耗 分鐘，則含有二十條芯線之光纜測試完畢即需二十分、户一 且光時域反射器檢測芯線期間，故障波未排除，故障之 200814566 • w蔓又必須等到故障點定位之後方能開始，此又需要額外之 寺間。另外，光時域反射器本身較為昂貴，重覆用於正常 心線之檢測形同資源之浪費。 鐘於上述關於傳統光纜監測方式之缺點，有必要提出 改良之方法。新的方法最好能迅速地排除或修護斷線事 件’以即時維持通信系統之完整性；且最好能使光時域反 射器專用於故障點之檢測，免於不必要之測試以增加貴重 裝備之使用壽命。 f 【發明内容】 本發明的目的之一在於提出一種具有斷線自動保護 機制之光纜監測系統，其可以於檢測斷線的同時即時維持 通信之完整。 本發明的另一目的在於提出一種光纜監測系統之辅 助裝置’其具有斷線自動保護之功能，並於光纜監測系統 檢測斷線的同時即時維持通信之完整。 本發明的又一目的在於提出一種具有斷線自動保護 I 機制之光纜監測方法。 依據上述目的，本發明提出一種具有斷線自動保護機 制之光纜監測系統，其包含主用光通道、備用光通道、用 於光通道故障點檢測之光通道故障點檢測裝置、用於監測 主用光通道斷線之複數個斷線自動保護裝置、以及分別經 由各斷線自動保護裝置連接至主用光通道之複數個光通 訊終端裝置。其中複數個斷線自動保護裝置於判定主用光 通道發生斷線事件時，將複數個光通訊終端裝置和主用光 8 200814566 通道之連接切換至備用光通道，且選擇一測試光通道並利 用光通這故障點檢測裝置對此測試光通道做故障點之檢 本發明亦提出-種用於光纜監測系統之輔助裝置，其 ^含傳輸光通道切換裳置、接收光通道切換裝置和光功率 量測兀件。傳輸光通道切換裝置連接光親監測系統内一光 通訊終端裝置之光訊號傳輸端和第一主用光通道；接收光 通道切換裝置連接光通訊終端裝置之光訊號接收端和第 二主用光通道；光功率量測元件用於監測第二主用光通道 上之光功率；其中光功率量測元件無法偵測到第二主用光 通道上之光功率時，傳輸光通道切換裝置將第一主用光通 道之連接切換至一光通道故障點檢測裝置，且接收光通道 切換裝置將第二主用光通道之連接亦切換至光通道故障 點檢測裝置。 本發明亦提出一種具有斷線自動保護機制之光纜監 測方法，其包含··監測主用光通道之光功率以判定主用光 〜 通道是否故障；當主用光通道被判定故障時，將通信切換 至備用光通道，並啟動一故障點檢測程序。 【實施方式】 第二圖顯示依據本發明一實施例之光纜監測系統 200A，其包含主用光通道（210，212)、備用光通道（22〇， 222)、光時域反射器230、光通道切換器240、中央處理 早元250、複數個自動光纖切換(260-263)、和複數個通 信光終端機（270-273)。光纜監測系統200A可以包含更多 200814566 諸如主用光通道、備用光通道、通信光終端機和自動光纖 切換器等模組或構件連結入整個光纖通信網路。中央處理 單元250連接並控制光時域反射器230、光通道切換器 240和自動光纖切換器260;光時域反射器230連接至光 通道切換器240;光通道切換器240連接至自動光纖切換 器260;自動光纖切換器260連接至通信光終端機270、 主用光通道210和備用光通道220。主用光通道21〇和備 用光通道220又連接至自動光纖切換器261;自動光纖切 換器261連接至自動光纖切換器262和通信光終端機 271;自動光纖切換器262連接至主用光通道212、備用光 通道222和通信光終端機272;主用光通道212和備用光 通道222又連接至自動光纖切換器263;自動光纖切換器 263連接至通信光終端機273。 主用光通道（210 , 212)和備用光通道（22〇，222)可以 是分別位於二不同光纜内之光纖芯線，亦可以是同一光纜 内之不同光纖芯線。通信光終端機270可以是機房端光收 發模組，或通稱為光線路終端設備（〇ptical Line200814566 IX. INSTRUCTIONS: ^ Technical Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an optical cable monitoring system and method, and more particularly to an optical cable monitoring system and method for combining automatic disconnection protection. [Prior Art] Fiber optic cable monitoring of optical fiber communication systems typically uses optical channel fault point detection devices such as optical time-domain reflectometry (OTTDR). The optical time domain reflector determines where the fault point or break point is located by comparing the optical power returned by the natural reflection of the fiber test signal at different points in time with the previously recorded original fiber quality trajectory. General optical surround monitoring is divided into online (on-1 ine) and offline (of f -1 ine) modes. The online mode means that the optical fiber detected by the optical time domain reflector is itself a transmission core, and the optical fiber test signal and the transmission signal have different wavelengths. The offline mode is the non-transmission core of the optical fiber core line detected by the optical time domain reflector. The first A diagram shows a conventional optical cable online monitoring system 100A, which includes an optical cable 110, a communication optical terminal (120, 121), an optical time domain reflector 130, and an optical switch (0SW) 140. A central processing unit (CPU) 150, a wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) (160, 161), and an optical power meter 170. The first A diagram illustrates a traditional online monitoring method by means of one part of the entire optical network. The actual optical network may contain more communication optical terminals, optical, cable and relative split multiplexers to form the entire communication network. road. The communication optical terminals 120 and 121 exchange information with the other communication optical terminals in the optical network through the split multiplexers 160, 6 200814566, and the split multiplexer 161. The aperture 110 can include a plurality of fiber ray lines as described above. The optical channel switch 140 can be a one-to-many switch. When the optical power meter 170 finds that the normal optical power disappears, the central processing unit 15 switches the optical channel switch H0 to select the optical fiber core in the optical cable 110 and control the light. The time domain reflector 130 performs the detection of the break point. Due to the in-line test mode, the optical time domain reflector 130 locates the breakpoints with fiber test signals of different wavelengths. The first B diagram shows a conventional optical cable offline monitoring system, which includes an optical cable 110, an optical time domain reflector 130, an optical channel switch 14A, a central processing unit 150, a wavelength division multiplexer 160, and an optical power meter. 17〇 and light source UO. Similarly, the first b diagram illustrates a conventional offline monitoring method by one part of the entire optical fiber network, and the actual optical network may include more components such as a k-light terminal, an optical channel, and a relative demultiplexer. The whole is open to the Internet. Since there is no optical signal transmitted on the offline monitoring fiber, it is required to provide an optical signal through the additional light source 180 for immediate monitoring. When the optical power meter 170 cannot detect the optical signal from the light source 180, the central processing unit 150 switches the optical channel switch 140 to select the optical fiber core of the optical fiber 11 并 and control the optical time domain reflector 130 as a disconnection point. Detection. Conventionally, the optical cable monitoring method using the optical time domain reflector, although the technology can locate the broken wire of the core wire, the current mode has its upper speed limit = upper, for example, the plastic optical time domain reflector can detect a single line. Minutes, the cable containing 20 core wires is tested at the end of the test, and the fault wave is not eliminated during the detection of the core wire. The failure of the 200814566 • w vine must wait until the fault point is located. At the beginning, this requires an additional temple. In addition, the optical time domain reflector itself is relatively expensive, and the repeated use of the normal heart line is similar to the waste of resources. In the above-mentioned shortcomings regarding the traditional optical cable monitoring method, it is necessary to propose an improved method. The new method is best able to quickly eliminate or repair the disconnection event' to maintain the integrity of the communication system in an instant; and preferably to enable the optical time domain reflector to be dedicated to the detection of the point of failure, from unnecessary testing to increase The service life of valuable equipment. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION One object of the present invention is to provide a fiber optic cable monitoring system with an automatic disconnection protection mechanism that can maintain the integrity of communication while detecting a disconnection. Another object of the present invention is to provide an auxiliary device for an optical cable monitoring system which has the function of automatic disconnection protection and maintains the integrity of the communication while the cable monitoring system detects the disconnection. It is still another object of the present invention to provide an optical cable monitoring method having a disconnection automatic protection I mechanism. According to the above object, the present invention provides an optical cable monitoring system with an automatic disconnection protection mechanism, which comprises an active optical channel, a backup optical channel, an optical channel fault point detecting device for detecting an optical channel fault point, and is used for monitoring the main use. The plurality of disconnection automatic protection devices for the optical channel disconnection and the plurality of optical communication terminal devices respectively connected to the main optical channel via the respective disconnection automatic protection devices. Wherein the plurality of disconnection automatic protection devices switch the connection of the plurality of optical communication terminal devices and the main light 8 200814566 channel to the standby optical channel when determining the disconnection event of the main optical channel, and select a test optical channel and utilize The invention relates to an auxiliary device for a cable monitoring system, which comprises a transmission optical channel switching device, a receiving optical channel switching device and an optical power amount. Test pieces. The transmission optical channel switching device is connected to the optical signal transmission end of the optical communication terminal device in the optical pro-monitoring system and the first main optical channel; the receiving optical channel switching device is connected to the optical signal receiving end and the second main optical device of the optical communication terminal device a channel; the optical power measuring component is configured to monitor optical power on the second primary optical channel; wherein the optical power measuring component cannot detect the optical power on the second primary optical channel, the transmitting optical channel switching device The connection of a primary optical channel is switched to an optical channel failure point detecting device, and the receiving optical channel switching device switches the connection of the second primary optical channel to the optical channel failure point detecting device. The invention also provides a cable monitoring method with automatic disconnection protection mechanism, which comprises: monitoring the optical power of the main optical channel to determine whether the main optical channel is faulty; when the primary optical channel is determined to be faulty, the communication will be Switch to the alternate optical channel and initiate a fault point detection procedure. [Embodiment] The second figure shows an optical cable monitoring system 200A according to an embodiment of the present invention, which includes an active optical channel (210, 212), a backup optical channel (22A, 222), an optical time domain reflector 230, and light. Channel switcher 240, central processing early 250, a plurality of automatic fiber switching (260-263), and a plurality of communication optical terminals (270-273). The fiber optic cable monitoring system 200A can include more of the 200814566 modules or components such as the primary optical channel, the backup optical channel, the communication optical terminal, and the automated fiber optic switcher that are coupled to the entire fiber optic communication network. The central processing unit 250 connects and controls the optical time domain reflector 230, the optical channel switch 240, and the automatic fiber switch 260; the optical time domain reflector 230 is coupled to the optical channel switch 240; the optical channel switch 240 is coupled to the automatic fiber switching The automatic fiber switch 260 is connected to the communication optical terminal 270, the primary optical channel 210, and the backup optical channel 220. The primary optical channel 21A and the backup optical channel 220 are in turn coupled to the automatic fiber switch 261; the automatic fiber switch 261 is coupled to the automatic fiber switch 262 and the communication optical terminal 271; the automatic fiber switch 262 is coupled to the primary optical channel 212, backup optical channel 222 and communication optical terminal 272; primary optical channel 212 and backup optical channel 222 are in turn coupled to automatic fiber switch 263; automatic fiber switch 263 is coupled to communication optical terminal 273. The primary optical channel (210, 212) and the backup optical channel (22, 222) may be optical fiber cores respectively located in two different optical cables, or may be different optical fiber cores within the same optical cable. The communication optical terminal 270 may be a computer-side optical transceiver module, or generally referred to as an optical line termination device (〇ptical Line)
Terminal，或簡稱〇LT)。通信光終端機（271—273)可以是 客戶端光收發模組，或通稱為光網路單元（〇ptical Network Unit;或簡稱〇NU)。光通道切換器24〇可以是一 對多之光學開關，自動光纖切換器260即連接至光通道切 換器240可以切換的多個連接端之一。自動光纖切換器 260-263係包含光通道切換功能和光功率量測功能之模 組，其功此上是一種斷線自動保護裝置，於本發明中做為 200814566 光纜監測系統之輔助裝置，兼具光功率監測和斷線保護之 功能。正常運作時，自動光纖切換器260之光通道切換功 能可以將主用光通道210連接至通信光終端機270，而將 備用光通道220連接至光通道切換器240，同時監測主用 光通道210上之光功率。當主用光通道210發生斷線或故 障時，自動光纖切換器260監測之主用光通道210光功率 將會消失或異常衰減。此時，自動光纖切換器260進行自 動切換以將主用光通道210切換至光通道切換器240，同 時將備用光通道220切換至通信光終端機270，以自動保 護並即時維持通信之完整性。自動光纖切換器261也將因 為監測之光功率消失而將連接之通信光終端機271切換至 備用光通道220。 上述之主用光通道（21〇，212)和備用光通道（220，222) 實務上可以分別包含一對傳輸/接收芯線，以下實施例進 一步說明其細節。第三A圖顯示自動光纖切換器260和261 實施例之主要組成元件和外部連接示意圖，其基本上係第 二圖中包含自動光纖切換器（260，261)、通信光終端機 (270，271)、光通道切換器24〇、主用光通道21〇和備用 光通道220部份之進一步細節。第二圖中之主用光通道21〇 於第二A圖中被表示為第一主用光通道21 〇A和第二主用 光通道210B;同樣地，備用光通道220亦表示為第一備用 光通迢220A和第二備用光通道22〇b。其中之第一主用光 通道210A和第一備用光通道22〇A係用於傳輸自通信光終 端機270至通信光終端機271之光訊號，而第二主用光通 11 200814566 • 道210B和第二備用光通道220B則用於傳輸自通信光終端 機271至通信光終端機27〇之光訊號。Terminal, or 〇LT). The communication optical terminal (271-273) may be a client optical transceiver module, or generally referred to as an optical network unit (〇 tical network unit; or 〇 NU for short). The optical channel switch 24A can be a one-to-many optical switch, and the automatic fiber switch 260 is connected to one of a plurality of terminals that the optical channel switch 240 can switch. The automatic fiber switcher 260-263 is a module including an optical channel switching function and an optical power measurement function, and is a kind of automatic disconnection protection device. In the present invention, it is an auxiliary device of the 200814566 optical cable monitoring system, and has both Optical power monitoring and disconnection protection functions. In normal operation, the optical channel switching function of the automatic fiber switch 260 can connect the primary optical channel 210 to the communication optical terminal 270, and the backup optical channel 220 to the optical channel switch 240, while monitoring the primary optical channel 210. The power of the light. When the primary optical channel 210 is disconnected or faulty, the optical power of the primary optical channel 210 monitored by the automatic fiber switch 260 will disappear or attenuate abnormally. At this time, the automatic fiber switch 260 performs automatic switching to switch the primary optical channel 210 to the optical channel switch 240 while switching the backup optical channel 220 to the communication optical terminal 270 to automatically protect and maintain the integrity of the communication. . The automatic fiber switch 261 will also switch the connected communication optical terminal 271 to the backup optical channel 220 because the monitored optical power is lost. The above-mentioned primary optical channel (21〇, 212) and standby optical channel (220, 222) may actually comprise a pair of transmission/reception cores, respectively, and the following embodiments further illustrate the details. Figure 3A shows the main components and external connections of the automatic fiber switchers 260 and 261 embodiments, which basically consist of an automatic fiber switch (260, 261) and a communication optical terminal (270, 271). Further details of the optical channel switch 24", the primary optical channel 21" and the spare optical channel 220 portion. The main optical channel 21 in the second figure is denoted as the first main optical channel 21 〇A and the second main optical channel 210B in the second A picture; likewise, the spare optical channel 220 is also denoted as the first The standby optical port 220A and the second standby optical channel 22〇b. The first primary optical channel 210A and the first standby optical channel 22A are used for transmitting optical signals from the communication optical terminal 270 to the communication optical terminal 271, and the second primary optical communication 11 200814566 • Track 210B And the second standby optical channel 220B is used to transmit optical signals from the communication optical terminal 271 to the communication optical terminal 27.
參見第二A圖，自動光纖切換器260包含二對二光通 道切換器0SW2X2A、二對二光通道切換器〇SW2X2B和光量 測元件PD0。二對二光通道切換器〇sw2X2A和二對二光通 道切換器OSW2X2B均包含四個連接端Al、A2、B1和B2， 且可於第一狀態和第二狀態二種狀態間切換。第一狀態使 得連接端A1連接至連接端B1(而連接端A2連接至連接端 B2) ’第二狀態則使得連接端A1連接至連接端b2(而連接 鳊A2連接至連接端βΐ)。例如，第三a圖之二對二光通道 切換器0SW2X2A和0SW2X2B均處於第一狀態。自動光纖切 換器261包含一對二光通道切換器〇swlX2A、一對二光通 道切換器0SW1X2B和光量測元件PD1。一對二光通道切換 器0SW1X2A和一對二光通道切換器〇swlX2B均包含三個連 接端Al、B1和B2，且亦可於第一狀態和第二狀態二種狀 態間切換。類似地，其第一狀態使得連接端A1連接至連 、 接鳊B1 ,第二狀態則使得連接端A1連接至連接端B2。例 如’第三A圖之一對二光通道切換器〇swlX2A和〇swlX2B 均處於第一狀態。通信光終端機27〇和271均包含傳輸端 Tx和接收、Rx。光通道切換器240包含連接端χ、γι、 Υ2.....Υη等n+1個連接端，其可以於η個狀態間切換， 每一狀態分別將連接端X連接至連接端¥1至如的其中之 一。光量測元件PD0和光量測元件pD1可以是諸如光二極 體（photo diode)之光功率量測元件。 200814566 以下說明第三A圖之實施例中各主要元件之連接關 係。通信光終端機270之傳輸端Tx連接至二對二光通道 切換器OSW2X2A之Α1連接端’其接收端rx連接至二對二 光通道切換器0SW2X2B之A1連接端。二對二光通道切換 器0SW2X2A之B1連接端經由第一主用光通道2l〇A連接至 一對二光通道切換器0SW1X2A之B1連接端，其B2連接端 經由第一備用光通道220A連接至一對二光通道切換器 0SW1X2A之B2連接端。一對二光通道切換器〇swlX2A之 A1連接端連接至通信光終端機271之接收端rx。二對二 光通道切換器OSW2X2B之B1連接端經由第二主用光通道 210B連接至一對二光通道切換器〇SWU2B之M連接端， 其B2連接端經由第二備用光通道22〇β連接至一對二光通 道切換器0SW1X2B之 B2連接端。一對二光通道切換器 0SW1X2B之A1連接端連接至通信光終端機271之傳輸端 Tx。光κ測το件PD0連接至二對二光通道切換器〇SW2X2B 之A1連接端，光量測元件PD1連接至一對二光通道切換Referring to Figure 2A, the automatic fiber switch 260 includes a two-pair two-channel switcher 0SW2X2A, a two-pair two-channel switcher 〇SW2X2B, and a light measuring component PD0. The two-pair two-channel switch 〇sw2X2A and the two-pair two-channel switch OSW2X2B each include four terminals A1, A2, B1, and B2, and are switchable between the first state and the second state. The first state causes the connection terminal A1 to be connected to the connection terminal B1 (and the connection terminal A2 to the connection terminal B2). The second state causes the connection terminal A1 to be connected to the connection terminal b2 (and the connection 鳊A2 is connected to the connection terminal βΐ). For example, the second pair of two optical channel switches 0SW2X2A and 0SW2X2B are in the first state. The automatic fiber switch 261 includes a pair of two-channel switchers 〇swlX2A, a pair of two-channel switchers 0SW1X2B, and a light measuring element PD1. The pair of two optical channel switchers 0SW1X2A and the pair of two optical channel switchers 〇swlX2B each include three connection terminals A1, B1, and B2, and can also switch between the first state and the second state. Similarly, its first state causes the connection terminal A1 to be connected to the connection port B1, and the second state causes the connection terminal A1 to be connected to the connection terminal B2. For example, 'the third A picture pair two optical channel switchers 〇swlX2A and 〇swlX2B are in the first state. The communication optical terminals 27A and 271 each include a transmission terminal Tx and reception, Rx. The optical channel switcher 240 includes n+1 connection terminals, such as connection terminals γ, γι, Υ2, . . . , Υη, which can be switched between n states, and each state respectively connects the connection terminal X to the connection terminal ¥1 One of the best. The light measuring element PD0 and the light measuring element pD1 may be optical power measuring elements such as photo diodes. 200814566 The following describes the connection relationship of the main components in the embodiment of the third embodiment. The transmission terminal Tx of the communication optical terminal unit 270 is connected to the 连接1 connection terminal of the two-pair two-optical channel switcher OSW2X2A, and its receiving end rx is connected to the A1 connection end of the two-pair two-channel switcher 0SW2X2B. The B1 connection end of the two-pair optical channel switcher 0SW2X2A is connected to the B1 connection end of the pair of two optical channel switchers 0SW1X2A via the first active optical channel 2l〇A, and the B2 connection end is connected to the B1 connection end via the first standby optical channel 220A. B2 connection of a pair of two optical channel switchers 0SW1X2A. The A1 connection end of the pair of two optical channel switchers 〇swlX2A is connected to the receiving end rx of the communication optical terminal unit 271. The B1 connection end of the two-pair optical channel switcher OSW2X2B is connected to the M connection end of the pair of two optical channel switchers 〇SWU2B via the second main optical channel 210B, and the B2 connection end is connected via the second backup optical channel 22〇β To the B2 connection of the pair of two optical channel switchers 0SW1X2B. The A1 connector of the pair of two optical channel switchers 0SW1X2B is connected to the transmission terminal Tx of the communication optical terminal unit 271. The optical measuring component PD0 is connected to the A1 connection end of the two-pair optical channel switch 〇SW2X2B, and the optical measuring component PD1 is connected to the pair of two optical channel switching.
端連接至二對二光通道切換器〇SW2X2A之A2連接端，复 Y2連接端連接至二對二光通道切換器〇sra2B t a2連接The end is connected to the A2 connection end of the two-pair two-channel switch 〇SW2X2A, and the complex Y2 connection is connected to the two-pair two-channel switch 〇sra2B t a2 connection
之連接端Yl、Υ2、…、γη 對二光通道切換器0SW2X2A和二對 故基本上可以自光通道切換器240 Yn中任選二連接端分別連接至二 200814566 0SW2X2B之A2連接端。The connection terminals Y1, Υ2, ..., γη for the two optical channel switchers 0SW2X2A and the second pair can be connected to the A2 connection terminals of the 200814566 0SW2X2B, respectively, from the optional two terminals of the optical channel switch 240 Yn.
如刚所述’第三A圖之二對二光通道切換器0SW2X2A 和0SW2X2B以及一對二光通道切換器〇swlX2A *〇swlX2B 均處於第一狀態。換言之，通信光終端機27〇和271間之 光訊號通信係透過第一主用光通道21〇A和第二主用光通 道210B傳輸。具體而言，通信光終端機27〇傳輸端Τχ 傳出之光訊號透過第一主用光通道21〇Α傳輸至通信光終 端機271之接收端rx，且光量測元件pD1於一對二光通道 切換器0SW1X2A之A1連接端監測此光訊號；通信光終端 機271傳輸端Τχ傳出之光訊號透過第二主用光通道21〇B 傳輸至通信光終端機270之接收端rx，且光量測元件PD〇 於二對二光通道切換器0SW2X2B之A1連接端監測此光訊 當主用光通道210發生意外斷線，意即透過第一主用 光通迢210A及/或第二主用光通道21〇β之通信中斷，光 1測元件PD0及/或光量測元件PD1將無法偵測到正常的 光功率。此時，二對二光通道切換器OSW2X2A和OSW2X2B 以及一對二光通道切換器〇swlX2A和〇swlX2B將先後被切 換至如第三B圖所示之第二狀態。換言之，當主用光通道 210發生意外斷線，自動光纖切換器26〇和自動光纖切換 器261將即時使得通信光終端機270和271間之光訊號通 k切換至備用光通道220(包含220A和220B)，且使得主 用光通道210(包含210A和210B)切換至光通道切換器240 而可以經由光時域反射器（未顯示於第三A圖和第三b圖） 200814566 檢測主用光通道210(包含210A和210B)上之故障點。相 對於傳統方式，本發明藉此達成斷線自動切換保護，即時 維持通信之完整性；且光時域反射器於必要時方啟動費時 之故障點測試程序，免於不必要之機器耗損。此外，本發 明亦不需要傳統監測方式必需之分波多工器（WDM)，得以 節省部分成本。 第三A圖和第三B圖中自動光纖切換器261之二個一 對二光通道切換器亦可以置換為二個二對二光通道切換 器（0SW2X2C和0SW2X2D，其狀態變化同0SW2X2A和 0SW2X2B)，以同時連接至通信光終端機和網路中其他之自 動光纖切換器，如第三C圖所示。利用如第三C圖所示之 結構，可以藉由自動光纖切換器之串接達成光通道之延 伸。 依據本發明之另一實施例，前述之二對二光通道切換 器0SW2X2A及/或0SW2X2B可以用二個一對二光通道切換 器替代而達成類似之功能。 第四圖顯示依據本發明另一實施例之光纜監測系統 200B，其包含主用光纜210、備用光纜220、光時域反射 器230、光通道切換器240、中央處理單元250、複數個 自動光纖切換器（260-263)、和複數個通信光終端機 (270-273)。主用光纜210包含測試光通道215和通信光 通道216 ;備用光纜220包含測試光通道225和通信光通 道226。中央處理單元250連接並控制光時域反射器 230、光通道切換器240和自動光纖切換器260;光時域反 15 200814566 射旨230連接至光通道切換器240;光通道切換器24〇連 接至主用光繞測試光通道215和備用光纔測試光通道 225;自動光纖切換器26〇連接至通信光終端機27〇、主用 光纜通信光通道216和備用光纜通信光通道226。主用光 繞通信紐道216和備用光纜通信光通道挪又連接至自 動光纖切換器261;自動光纖切換器261連接至通信光終 端機271;自動光纖切換器262連接至主用光親通信光通 道216、備用光纜通信光通道226和通信光終端機272; 主用光纜通仏光通道216和備用光纜通信光通道226又連 接至自動光纖切換器263;自動光纖切換器263連接至通 信光終端機273。上述之測試光通道和通信光通道可以是 光纜中之光纖芯線，且如之前所述，實務上之光通道通常 包含一對傳輸/接收光纖芯線。 第四圖之運作和第二圖、第三A圖和第三B圖類似， 基本上於主用光纜21〇斷線時，自動光纖切換器（260-263) 内之光通道切換器即切換至備用光緵220，即時維持通信 I 完整。而後通知中央處理單元250作必要之處置。主要不 同在於此例中之光時域反射器230經由光通道切換器240 僅連結至主用光纜210中之測試光通道215和備甩光緵 220中之測試光通道225。換言之，光時域反射器230監 測之芯線雖和自動光纖切換器（260-263)發現斷線之芯線 位於同一光纜，但並非同一芯線。然而，由於統計上多數 情況同一光纜内之芯線傾向於同時斷線，故此種離線方式 之監測於實務上有其效能。且因其監測之芯線數目較少， 16 200814566 是以具有成本上之優勢。 第二圖和第四圖所示之實施例分別類似於傳統之在 線和離線之監測模式。本發明之其他實施例可以包含在線 和離線之混合模式。意即依據實際之考量，同一光纜中之 部分芯線可以實施在線監測，而亦保留一離線監測芯線以 於此光纜中未在線監測之芯線斷線時作離線之監測。 / 依據上述實施例所揭露之技術，可知本發明亦包含一 種具有斷線自動保護機制之光纜監測方法。第五圖顯示依 據本發明一實施例之光纜監測方法之主要步驟，其包含監 測主用光通道之光功率以判定此主用光通道是否故障（步 驟50);當主用光通道被判定故障時，將通信切換至備用 光通道，並啟動一故障點檢測程序（步驟52)。光功率之舊 測可以運用光二極體之類的光功率量測元件。故障點檢須 程序可以包含選擇一測試光通道，並使用諸如光時域反身 器之光通道故障點檢測裝置對此測試光通道做故障點之 寺双測。所選疋之測試光通道依系統規劃之考量可以是諸如 做為上述主用光通道之光纖芯線或是位於和主用光通道 同一光内之其他光纖芯線， 以上實施例僅係可能之實作範例。許多變異或修改^ 可在不脫離本揭*之肋下達成。該㈣異·改均鹿滿 為在本揭*料之㈣為雌之申請專利範圍所保講： 【圖式簡單說明】 第一 A圖顯示—傳統之光纜在線監測系統。 第一 B圖顯示—傳統之光纜離線監测系統。 17 200814566 第二圖顯示依據本發明一實施例之光纜監測系統。 第三A圖和第三B圖顯示依據本發明之自動光纖切換 器實施例之主要組成元件和外部連接示意圖。 第三C圖顯示依據本發明之另一自動光纖切換器實施 例之主要組成元件和外部連接示意圖。 第四圖顯示依據本發明另一實施例之光纜監測系統。 第五圖顯示依據本發明一實施例之光纜監測方法。 【主要元件符號說明】 50/52 光纜監測方法之步驟 100A/100B 傳統光纜監測系統 110 光纜 120/121 通信光終端機 130 光時域反射器 140 光通道切換器 150 中央處理單元 160/161 分波多工器 170 光功率計 180 光源 200A/200B 光纜監測系統 210/212 主用光通道/主用光纜 215 主用光通道測試光通道 216 主用光纜通信光通道 210A 第一主用光通道 210B 第二主用光通道 18 200814566 220/222 備用光通道/備用光纜 225 備用光通道測試光通道 226 備用光纜通信光通道 220A 第一備用光通道 220B 第二備用光通道 230 光時域反射器 240 光通道切換器 250 中央處理單元 260-263 自動光纖切換器 270-273 通信光終端機 A1/A2/B1/B2光通道切換器之連接端 OSW2X2A二對二光通道切換器 OSW2X2B二對二光通道切換器 OSW2X2C二對二光通道切換器 OSW2X2D二對二光通道切換器 OSW1X2A —對二光通道切換器 、 OSW1X2B —對二光通道切換器 PD0/PD1 光量測元件 Rx 通信光終端機接收端 Tx 通信光終端機傳輸端 Χ/Υ1/Υ2/ΥΙ1光通道切換器之連接端As just described, the third pair of two optical channel switchers 0SW2X2A and 0SW2X2B and the pair of two optical channel switchers 〇swlX2A *〇swlX2B are in the first state. In other words, the optical signal communication between the communication optical terminals 27A and 271 is transmitted through the first primary optical channel 21A and the second primary optical channel 210B. Specifically, the optical signal transmitted from the communication optical terminal 27 to the transmission terminal 〇Α is transmitted to the receiving end rx of the communication optical terminal unit 271 through the first primary optical channel 21, and the optical measuring component pD1 is in a pair of two. The A1 connection end of the optical channel switcher 0SW1X2A monitors the optical signal; the optical signal transmitted from the transmission optical terminal 271 is transmitted to the receiving end rx of the communication optical terminal 270 through the second primary optical channel 21〇B, and The optical measuring component PD monitors the optical signal at the A1 connection end of the two-pair optical channel switcher 0SW2X2B. When the primary optical channel 210 is unexpectedly disconnected, it means that the first primary optical communication is through the 210A and/or the second. The communication of the main optical channel 21 〇β is interrupted, and the optical 1 measuring element PD0 and/or the optical measuring element PD1 will not be able to detect normal optical power. At this time, the two-pair two-channel switchers OSW2X2A and OSW2X2B and the pair of two-channel switchers 〇swlX2A and 〇swlX2B will be switched to the second state as shown in FIG. In other words, when the main optical channel 210 is accidentally disconnected, the automatic fiber switch 26 and the automatic fiber switch 261 will instantly switch the optical signal between the communication optical terminals 270 and 271 to the standby optical channel 220 (including 220A). And 220B), and the primary optical channel 210 (including 210A and 210B) is switched to the optical channel switcher 240 and can be detected by the optical time domain reflector (not shown in the third A and third b diagrams) 200814566. The point of failure on the optical channel 210 (including 210A and 210B). Compared with the conventional method, the present invention achieves the automatic disconnection protection of the disconnection and maintains the integrity of the communication instantaneously; and the optical time domain reflector starts the time-consuming fault point test program when necessary, thereby avoiding unnecessary machine wear. In addition, the present invention does not require a split-wave multiplexer (WDM) that is necessary for conventional monitoring methods, thereby saving some of the cost. The two pairs of optical channel switches of the automatic fiber switch 261 in the third A and third B diagrams can also be replaced by two two-pair two-channel switchers (0SW2X2C and 0SW2X2D, and their state changes are the same as 0SW2X2A and 0SW2X2B). ) to simultaneously connect to the communication optical terminal and other automatic fiber switchers in the network, as shown in Figure C. With the structure shown in Fig. C, the extension of the optical path can be achieved by the serial connection of the automatic fiber switch. According to another embodiment of the present invention, the aforementioned two-pair optical channel switchers 0SW2X2A and/or 0SW2X2B can be replaced by two pairs of two optical channel switches to achieve a similar function. The fourth figure shows an optical cable monitoring system 200B according to another embodiment of the present invention, which includes an active optical cable 210, a backup optical cable 220, an optical time domain reflector 230, an optical channel switch 240, a central processing unit 250, and a plurality of automatic optical fibers. A switch (260-263), and a plurality of communication optical terminals (270-273). The primary cable 210 includes a test optical channel 215 and a communication optical channel 216; the backup cable 220 includes a test optical channel 225 and a communication optical channel 226. The central processing unit 250 connects and controls the optical time domain reflector 230, the optical channel switch 240, and the automatic fiber switch 260; the optical time domain inverse 15 200814566 is connected to the optical channel switch 240; the optical channel switch 24 is connected. The optical fiber switch 225 is connected to the test light path 215 and the backup light to the main light; the automatic fiber switch 26 is connected to the communication optical terminal 27, the main cable communication optical channel 216, and the backup optical cable communication optical channel 226. The primary optical communication communication link 216 and the backup optical cable communication optical channel are connected to the automatic optical fiber switch 261; the automatic optical fiber switch 261 is connected to the communication optical terminal 271; and the automatic optical fiber switch 262 is connected to the primary optical communication light. Channel 216, backup cable communication optical channel 226 and communication optical terminal 272; primary cable through optical channel 216 and backup cable communication optical channel 226 are in turn connected to automatic fiber switch 263; automatic fiber switch 263 is connected to communication optical terminal Machine 273. The test optical channel and the communication optical channel described above may be optical fiber cores in the optical cable, and as previously described, the optical channel in practice typically includes a pair of transmit/receive optical fiber cores. The operation of the fourth figure is similar to that of the second picture, the third picture A and the third picture B. The optical channel switcher in the automatic fiber switch (260-263) is switched when the main cable 21 is disconnected. To the standby diaphragm 220, the communication I is maintained intact. The central processing unit 250 is then notified to make the necessary treatment. The optical time domain reflector 230, which is mainly different in this example, is only coupled to the test optical channel 215 in the main optical cable 210 and the test optical channel 225 in the standby optical port 220 via the optical channel switch 240. In other words, the core wire monitored by the optical time domain reflector 230 is located on the same fiber optic cable as the core wire of the automatic fiber switch (260-263), but is not the same core wire. However, since statistically, most of the core wires in the same cable tend to be disconnected at the same time, the monitoring of such off-line mode is effective in practice. And because of the small number of cores it monitors, 16 200814566 is a cost advantage. The embodiments shown in the second and fourth figures are similar to the conventional on-line and off-line monitoring modes, respectively. Other embodiments of the invention may include a hybrid mode of online and offline. That is to say, according to actual considerations, some of the core wires in the same optical cable can be monitored online, and an offline monitoring core wire is also retained for off-line monitoring when the core wire that is not monitored online in the cable is disconnected. According to the technology disclosed in the above embodiments, the present invention also includes an optical cable monitoring method with an automatic disconnection protection mechanism. The fifth figure shows the main steps of the optical cable monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present invention, which includes monitoring the optical power of the primary optical channel to determine whether the primary optical channel is faulty (step 50); when the primary optical channel is determined to be faulty At this time, the communication is switched to the standby optical channel, and a failure point detection procedure is started (step 52). The optical power measurement can be performed using an optical power measuring component such as a photodiode. The fault point check procedure may include selecting a test optical channel and using the optical channel fault point detecting means such as the optical time domain reflexor to perform a double test of the fault point of the test optical channel. The selected test optical channel may be, for example, an optical fiber core wire as the main optical channel or other optical fiber cores located in the same light as the main optical channel, and the above embodiments are only possible implementations. example. Many variations or modifications can be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure. The (four) different · modified average deer full for the purpose of this disclosure * (4) for the female application of the scope of the patent: [Simple diagram description] The first A picture shows - the traditional optical cable online monitoring system. Figure B shows the traditional optical cable offline monitoring system. 17 200814566 The second figure shows a fiber optic cable monitoring system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Figures 3A and 3B show the main components and external connections of an embodiment of an automated fiber optic switcher in accordance with the present invention. Figure 3C shows a schematic diagram of the main components and external connections of another automated fiber switch embodiment in accordance with the present invention. The fourth figure shows a fiber optic cable monitoring system in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. The fifth figure shows a fiber optic cable monitoring method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] 50/52 Cable monitoring method steps 100A/100B Traditional optical cable monitoring system 110 Optical cable 120/121 Communication optical terminal 130 Optical time domain reflector 140 Optical channel switcher 150 Central processing unit 160/161 Split wave Machine 170 Optical Power Meter 180 Light Source 200A/200B Optical Cable Monitoring System 210/212 Main Optical Channel/Main Optical Cable 215 Main Optical Channel Test Optical Channel 216 Main Optical Cable Communication Optical Channel 210A First Primary Optical Channel 210B Second Main optical channel 18 200814566 220/222 Spare optical channel / spare cable 225 Spare optical channel test optical channel 226 Spare cable communication optical channel 220A First alternate optical channel 220B Second alternate optical channel 230 Optical time domain reflector 240 Optical channel switching 250 Central Processing Unit 260-263 Automatic Fiber Switcher 270-273 Communication Optical Terminal A1/A2/B1/B2 Optical Channel Switcher Connection OSW2X2A Two-to-Two Optical Channel Switcher OSW2X2B Two-to-Two Optical Channel Switcher OSW2X2C Two-to-two optical channel switcher OSW2X2D two-to-two optical channel switcher OSW1X2A - two-channel switcher, OSW1X2B - two-channel switcher PD0/PD1 optical measuring component Rx communication optical terminal receiving end Tx communication optical terminal transmitting end Χ/Υ1/Υ2/ΥΙ1 optical channel switcher connection terminal