200814427 九、發明說明： I：發明所属之技術領域;j 發明領域 本發明是關於天線和具有天線之可攜式或手持式裝置 5 的技術。 I：先前技術3 發明背景 現代行動電話手機和其他可攜式裝置典型地合併一内 置天線，例如一平面式倒F天線(PIFA)或類似天線。行動終 10端機内的天線需要涵蓋系統（例如CDMA850、GSM900、 GSM1800、PCS1900和UMTS2000)之日益增加的通訊頻帶 數。同時，行動終端機的大小大幅減小。小型化的行動終 端機為天線留下的空間很少。然而，由於天線體積的功能， 對頻覓有著基本的限制。一般而言，天線大小越小，頻寬 15 越窄。 PIFA在行動電活手機中是普及的，因為其等呈現低特 定吸收率（SAR)，這意味著較少的發射能量被丟失至使用者 頭部，且其等是小型的。他們被安裝在電話電路之上且因 此使得較完全地使用電話外殼内的空間。此等天線較小（相 20對於波長而言）且從而由於小天線的基本限制，使頻帶變 窄。然而，蜂巢式無線電通訊系統典型地具有1〇%或更多 的部分頻寬。為了從一 PIFA實現此頻寬，例如需要一相當 大的體積，在一貼片天線(patch antenna)之頻寬和其體積之 間存在一直接關係，但是以朝向小型手機的目前趨勢來 200814427 看’此體積不容易得到。此外，當貼片高度增加時PIFA變 得在共振時有反應，這需要改良頻寬。 我們共同審理中的PCT專利申請案02/071535揭露了一 種雙頻平面式倒!?天線配置，包含一相對較小的貼片導體， 5作用為一輻射元件，實質上被支撐與一接地面平行。該貼 片導聽包括第一和第二連接點，用於連接至無線電電路和 一接地面，且進一步合併該第一和第二點之間的一狹縫。 該輪射元件典型地位於接近該接地面之一邊緣的地方。短 路典型地以接腳或短截線(stub)或板的形式被實現，且典型 10地位於該輻射元件的邊緣且提供一純短路。該天線可以以 複數模式被操作。例如，如果信號被饋入該第一點，則藉 由連接該第二點至地，一高頻天線可被獲得，且藉由使該 第二點開路，一低頻天線被獲得。這可使得頻移該天線的 共振頻率，以補償由（例如）一使用者之手引起的阻抗變化。 15藉由在不同位置使該天線電短路，可提供此頻移。 當需要一雙頻天線時，一進一步的問題出現。在此情 形下，兩個共振需要來自一單一結構，這通常需要在兩個 頻帶之間做出一妥協。 此外，為了最大化在一天線和連接至其的電路之間的 20功率轉移，重要的是確保該天線的阻抗匹配該電路的阻 抗然而’該天線的阻抗還隨著操作條件而改變，例如’ 當行動終端機在使用中一手指放在該天線的頂端時。將 PIFA設置在可攜式電話之外殼内部及僅將其等置於外部機 盍之下的一可感知之缺點是，其等非常容易受到由一個人 6 200814427 - 拿著電話引起失諧(detuning)的影響。 一傳統的雙頻平面式倒F天線在兩個頻帶中操作。然 而’當該天線被使用者的手蓋住時，共振頻率被向下頻移。 - 因此，在通常的談話位置下該使用者的手引起明顯的阻抗 • 5變化和增益減少。為了克服此問題，當該使用者的手指位 於該天線的頂端時，該天線需要被重新調整。如果一雙頻 HFA在不同的位置上被電短路的話，則可知該雙頻1>正八的 _ 共振頻率可被改變。然而，在所有短路位置上，該天線輸 入阻抗無法良好匹配至5〇β，特別是用於較低的頻帶而言。 10 【^^明内^!】 發明概要 本發明的一目的是提供改良的設備或方法。 依據本發明的一第一層面，提供一天線，包含一接地 面和-輪射TL件，以及一 ♦禺接該接地面和該輻射元件的一 15短路路徑，該短路路徑具有一電感元件。 替換該電短路， /、上述所參考的現有方法相比較，藉由以一電感元件 良好匹配。200814427 IX. INSTRUCTIONS: I: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to antennas and techniques for portable or handheld devices 5 having antennas. I. Prior Art 3 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Modern mobile telephone handsets and other portable devices typically incorporate a built-in antenna, such as a planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) or similar antenna. The antennas in the end-of-line 10-end machine need to cover the increasing number of communication bands of systems such as CDMA850, GSM900, GSM1800, PCS1900 and UMTS2000. At the same time, the size of the mobile terminal is greatly reduced. The miniaturized mobile terminal leaves little space for the antenna. However, due to the function of the antenna volume, there are fundamental limitations on frequency. In general, the smaller the antenna size, the narrower the bandwidth 15 is. PIFAs are popular in mobile mobile phones because they exhibit a low specific absorption rate (SAR), which means that less transmitted energy is lost to the user's head and is small. They are mounted on the telephone circuit and thus allow for a more complete use of the space within the phone housing. These antennas are small (phase 20 for wavelength) and thus narrow the frequency band due to the basic limitations of the small antenna. However, cellular radio communication systems typically have a partial bandwidth of 1% or more. In order to achieve this bandwidth from a PIFA, for example, a relatively large volume is required, there is a direct relationship between the bandwidth of a patch antenna and its volume, but with the current trend toward small mobile phones, 200814427 'This volume is not easy to get. In addition, the PIFA becomes reactive when resonating as the patch height increases, which requires improved bandwidth. PCT Patent Application No. 02/071,535, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety, discloses a dual-frequency planar inverted antenna arrangement comprising a relatively small patch conductor, 5 acting as a radiating element, substantially supported and a ground plane parallel. The patch guide includes first and second connection points for connecting to the radio circuit and a ground plane, and further combining a slit between the first and second points. The projecting element is typically located proximate to one of the edges of the ground plane. The short circuit is typically implemented in the form of a pin or stub or plate and is typically located at the edge of the radiating element and provides a pure short. The antenna can be operated in a complex mode. For example, if a signal is fed to the first point, a high frequency antenna can be obtained by connecting the second point to ground, and by making the second point open, a low frequency antenna is obtained. This can cause the antenna to frequency shift the resonant frequency to compensate for impedance changes caused by, for example, a user's hand. 15 This frequency shift can be provided by electrically shorting the antenna at different locations. A further problem arises when a dual frequency antenna is required. In this case, the two resonances need to come from a single structure, which usually requires a compromise between the two bands. Furthermore, in order to maximize the 20 power transfer between an antenna and the circuit connected thereto, it is important to ensure that the impedance of the antenna matches the impedance of the circuit. However, the impedance of the antenna also changes with operating conditions, such as ' When the mobile terminal is in use, a finger is placed at the top of the antenna. One perceptible disadvantage of placing the PIFA inside the casing of the portable telephone and placing it just outside the external casing is that it is very susceptible to detuning by a person 6 200814427 - holding the phone Impact. A conventional dual frequency planar inverted F antenna operates in two frequency bands. However, when the antenna is covered by the user's hand, the resonant frequency is shifted downward. - Therefore, the user's hand causes a significant impedance in the usual conversation position. • 5 changes and gain reduction. To overcome this problem, the antenna needs to be readjusted when the user's finger is at the top of the antenna. If a dual frequency HFA is electrically shorted at a different location, it can be seen that the _ resonance frequency of the dual frequency 1 > positive eight can be changed. However, at all short-circuit locations, the antenna input impedance does not match well to 5 〇 β, especially for lower frequency bands. 10 [^^明内^!] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved apparatus or method. In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention, an antenna is provided that includes a ground plane and a wheeled TL member, and a 15 short circuit path that connects the ground plane to the radiating element, the short circuit having an inductive component. The electrical short circuit is replaced by /, compared to the prior art methods referenced above, by a good match with an inductive component.
該天線在一使用者之手的各種位置處可被 第一層面之天線的手持式裝置。 下文將描述額外的特徵和優點。The antenna can be used by the handheld device of the antenna of the first level at various locations of the user's hand. Additional features and advantages are described below.
，提供一種具有一依據本發 優點。任何額外的特徵可被 面相組合，這對於本領域熟 的。其他優點對於本領域熟悉相 尤其是對財發明人未知的其他 7 200814427 先前技術。 本發明的實施例可包括额外的特徵，如下文所描述 的，其中-些在下文被總結。該電感元件可包含一可變電 感器或-切換式電感器陣列。一短路路徑可被提供橫跨該 5電感元件，以一開關切換該短路路徑以替換嗜雷汚开杜 -開關控制器可被提供、被配置成控制該開關電= 重新調整至-較低頻帶，切換至該電感元件，且為了重新 調整至-較高頻帶，切換至該短路路徑。該開關控制器可 被配置成偵測該天線的-輸入阻抗失配且依據該镇測的輸 10入阻抗失配來控制該開關。該輻射元件可具有一狹縫以將 該元件分成多於一個的區域。該輕射元件實質上可以是具 有耦接到一角落之短路路徑的矩形。該短路路徑可包含至 該輻射元件上之不同位置的數個路徑，且一切換配置用於 控制哪些路徑在使用中。 15 該輻射元件可包含在一被設置成與該接地面平行之電 路板上的一傳導層，該電路板也被用於設置電路元件。該 天線可被配置成雙頻或多頻PIFA。該等頻帶可包含那些用 於CDMA850、GSM900、GSM1800、PCS1900、UMTS2000、 藍芽或在2.4至2.5GHz的IEEE 802.11b、在2.3至2.4GHz的 2〇 TD-SDCMA或在2.5至2.7GHz的UMTS未來擴充部分的任一 或多個頻帶。 圖式簡單說明 藉由舉例的方式且參考附圖，本發明的實施例現在可 被描述，其中： 200814427 第1圖是依據本發明一實施例之電感器接地式平面倒F 天線的示意圖； 第2圖是一手指在頂端之傳統的pifA的示意圖； 第3a、3b、3c和3d圖是第2圖之天線的模擬輸入回饋損 5 失對頻率的圖表； 第4圖是電感器接地式平面倒f天線的示意圖，可被調 整以克服由於使用者手指接近產生的影響； 弟5a和5b圖是第4圖之天線的模擬輸入回饋損失對頻 率的圖表； 10 第6圖顯示一天線的實施例；以及 第7圖顯示一具有天線之裝置的實施例。 【實施方式3 較佳實施例之詳細說明 參考一倒F天線(IFA)，本發明可被描述，儘管本發明 15不限於此等天線。一倒F天線(IFA)可被視作為一典型的單 極天線，具有一輻射元件，垂直延伸至一接地面，其頂端 部分被折豐以與接地面相平行。該平行部分將電容引入該 天線的輸入阻抗，藉由實現遠離該饋送點至該接地面的一 短路路徑，其可被補償。措辭短路路徑可被用於本文件中， 20即使當該路徑不是一純短路且具有一些電感時。在操作 中，該輻射元件中的電流激發該接地面中的電流，從而產 生的電磁場由IFA和其本身在接地面下的一影像恤㈣之 交互作用形成。在實際中，該接地面不是無限的，且該輕 射元件/接地面組合可作用為一不對稱的偶極。較佳地，該 200814427 接地面長度大約是該操作波長的一半，以提供一充分寬之 頻寬的全向遠場圖形，以及在PIFA之饋送點上見到的高阻 抗’從而在該輻射元件和接地面之間的耦合是強的。該短 路路徑相對於該饋送點的位置可以是重要的，特別是分開 5 他們的距離。 第1圖顯示了依據本發明之一天線的實施例，以一設置 在PCB上之電感器接地式平面倒ρ天線(IGpIFA)的透視圖形 式顯示。該天線包含一接地面30和一輻射元件15，由一電 介質(在所說明的實施例中是空氣）自該接地面分開。該接地 1〇面30以在一底部PCB上之傳導層的形式被顯示出。該接地 面30不必是平面的。該輻射元件15可以是一矩形的輻射板 形式，顯示為頂端PCB 4〇之部分上的一層，或可以是其他 組配或形狀。該輻射元件15不必是平面的，既不必與該接 地面平行’也不必與該接地面30的大小或形狀相同，也不 15與該接地面完全重疊。其經由一饋送接腳20被饋送延伸至 在該輻射板之一角落處的兩個PCB之間。自該輻射元件15 至該接地面30的一短路路徑被間隔地置於遠離該饋送接腳 的地方，且以一電感器1〇的形式被提供。該電感器可以以 離散或分散式元件形式被實現。儘管可應用於單頻或多頻 20天線，但藉由根據已確立的實際情況，將在第1圖中以蜿蜒 形狀被顯示的一狹縫12或其他形狀的狹縫切割輻射板15， 在該範例中顯示的兩個共振頻率被產生。雙頻天線形式的 κ施例也可以以一共振器替換該狹縫，或單頻天線形式 的實施例可以以一簡單的電感替換該狹縫12，在我們的專 200814427 • 射請案獨2〇〇5〇11〇55中被進一步轉，因此在此將不再 進一步解釋。Providing one has the advantage of being based on the present invention. Any additional features can be combined in a face, which is well known in the art. Other advantages are familiar to the prior art, especially other prior art known to the inventors. Embodiments of the invention may include additional features, as described below, some of which are summarized below. The inductive component can comprise a variable inductor or a switched inductor array. A short circuit path can be provided across the 5 inductive component to switch the short circuit path to replace the thunderstorm switch. The switch can be provided to be configured to control the switch power = readjust to - lower band Switching to the inductive component and switching to the shorted path in order to re-adjust to the -higher band. The switch controller can be configured to detect an input impedance mismatch of the antenna and to control the switch based on the measured input impedance mismatch. The radiating element can have a slit to divide the element into more than one area. The light projecting element may be substantially rectangular having a short circuit path coupled to a corner. The short circuit path can include several paths to different locations on the radiating element, and a switching configuration is used to control which paths are in use. The radiating element can comprise a conductive layer on a circuit board disposed parallel to the ground plane, the circuit board also being used to provide circuit components. The antenna can be configured as a dual or multi-frequency PIFA. These bands may include those used for CDMA850, GSM900, GSM1800, PCS1900, UMTS2000, Bluetooth or IEEE 802.11b at 2.4 to 2.5 GHz, 2 〇 TD-SDCMA at 2.3 to 2.4 GHz or UMTS at 2.5 to 2.7 GHz. Any one or more bands of future expansion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an inductor grounded planar inverted-F antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional pifA with a finger at the top; Figures 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d are graphs of the analog input feedback loss 5 loss versus frequency for the antenna of Figure 2; Figure 4 is the inductor grounded flat The schematic diagram of the face-down f-antenna can be adjusted to overcome the influence of the user's finger approach; the brothers 5a and 5b are the graphs of the analog input feedback loss vs. frequency of the antenna of Figure 4; 10 Figure 6 shows the implementation of an antenna Example; and Figure 7 shows an embodiment of a device having an antenna. [Embodiment 3] Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment The present invention can be described with reference to an inverted-F antenna (IFA), although the present invention 15 is not limited to such an antenna. An inverted F antenna (IFA) can be viewed as a typical monopole antenna having a radiating element that extends vertically to a ground plane and whose top end is folded to be parallel to the ground plane. The parallel portion introduces a capacitance into the input impedance of the antenna, which can be compensated for by implementing a short circuit path away from the feed point to the ground plane. The wording short circuit path can be used in this document, 20 even when the path is not a pure short circuit and has some inductance. In operation, the current in the radiating element excites the current in the ground plane such that the resulting electromagnetic field is formed by the interaction of the IFA and its own image shirt (4) below the ground plane. In practice, the ground plane is not infinite and the light-emitting element/ground plane combination acts as an asymmetrical dipole. Preferably, the 200814427 ground plane is approximately half the wavelength of the operation to provide an omnidirectional far field pattern of a sufficiently wide bandwidth and a high impedance seen at the feed point of the PIFA. The coupling between the ground plane and the ground plane is strong. The position of the short path relative to the feed point can be important, especially separating their distances. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 shows a perspective graphical representation of an inductor grounded planar inverted ρ antenna (IGpIFA) disposed on a PCB in accordance with an embodiment of an antenna of the present invention. The antenna includes a ground plane 30 and a radiating element 15 separated from the ground plane by a dielectric (air in the illustrated embodiment). The ground 1 face 30 is shown in the form of a conductive layer on a bottom PCB. The ground plane 30 need not be planar. The radiating element 15 can be in the form of a rectangular radiant panel, shown as a layer on a portion of the top PCB 4〇, or can be other combinations or shapes. The radiating element 15 need not be planar, need not be parallel to the ground plane, nor need to be the same size or shape as the ground plane 30, nor do it completely overlap the ground plane. It is fed via a feed pin 20 to between two PCBs at one corner of the radiant panel. A short circuit path from the radiating element 15 to the ground plane 30 is spaced apart from the feed pin and provided in the form of an inductor 1 。. The inductor can be implemented in discrete or decentralized components. Although applicable to single-frequency or multi-frequency 20 antennas, the radiant panel 15 is cut by a slit 12 or other shaped slit that is displayed in a 蜿蜒 shape in FIG. 1 according to an established reality. The two resonance frequencies shown in this example are generated. The κ embodiment in the form of a dual-frequency antenna can also replace the slit with a resonator, or an embodiment in the form of a single-frequency antenna can replace the slit 12 with a simple inductance, in our special 200814427 • 〇〇5〇11〇55 is further transferred, so it will not be further explained here.
頂端PCB 40可個於姉射元件15的切結構，且出 • 於測試目的可模擬一行動裝置之一外殼的效果。兩個PCB -5板的介電常數和厚度在此範例中是3.38和〇.813mm。該等 PCB尺寸是40mmx 100mm。底部PCB提供—饋送信號給該 天線且也可在其背部支撐該傳導接地面。 _ RF遮罩（另外稱作為RF罐）中的電子元件可被設置在該 底部PCB的兩側面上，且該導電接地面3〇圍繞這些元件且 10覆蓋該PCB剩餘的區域。該接地面30及/或該輻射元件15可 被彎曲以（例如）符合一電話外殼的輪廓。 該天線的阻抗和峰值共振頻率可由該輻射天線和其狹 縫12之各種尺寸以及可由該饋送接腳20之位置和短路路徑 所設定。在該短路路徑中提供一電感元件意味著該天線的 15阻抗可被較好匹配，即使仍對使用者之手位敏感。該電感 # 器10可具有一固定值或一可變值，或可被切換至數個離散 值的任何一個。該電感器值可被選擇，即使其無法被動態 改變或切換’從而即使失配隨著手位而改變，但對於數個 手位的一平均失配或失配之一範圍可被最佳化以改良該天 20 線阻抗至耦接至該天線之該RF電路的一總匹配。這可使得 RF功率被更有效率地發射且可攜式裝置的電池壽命及/或 範圍可被增加。 該電感器10還可具有一些使得該峰值共振頻率對使用 者手位較不敏感的效果。如果該電感器10具有一可變或可 11 200814427 - 切換值，則該值可被控制以保持該天線阻抗及/或峰值共振 頻率更穩定，以降低對使用者手位的敏感度，儘管可變裝 置可能損耗較多且較昂貴。電感元件可具有串聯或並聯耦 • 接之個別電感器網。其他元件(例如電阻元件）可被合併進該 .5 短路路徑中，以提供一較寬的頻寬。 第2圖是具有一接地面30之傳統PIFA的示意圖，一使用 者手指70被顯示為在上部PCB 40之頂端上的立方體。通 ^ 常’一P〗FA依沒有使用者之手在其上之情況被設計且最佳 化。一短路接腳60被置於接近該饋送接腳20的位置A上。第 10 3a圖和第3b圖顯示當手指不在該天線之頂端時被模擬為一 頻率之函數的輸入回饋(return)損失(S11)。兩個共振頻率可 被清楚地觀測到且被集中在〇』7GHz和1.78GHz。當第3c圖 • 和第％圖顯示當該使用者之手指在該天線之頂端時，被模 擬為一頻率之函數的輸入回饋損失(S11)。該等圖顯示出與 15那些沒有手指在其上的情形相比較，兩個共振頻率對於低 _ 頻帶向下移動約138MHz，且對於高頻帶向下移動約 370MHz 〇 第4圖顯示本發明的另一實施例，類似於第1圖的實施 例’且相同的參考符號被適當使用。電路11〇在位置B上被 20提供，在此範例中是在該輻射元件15的一角落處。其包括 一開關170，被提供以將該電感器10或以一短路接腳16〇形 式的短路連接到該接地面30，如第4圖所示。此電路的一優 點是一可變電感器的一些彈性可以以較少的複雜度、成本 和損失被實現。此彈性意味著對於一些不同手位而言，失 12 200814427 - 配可被較精確地控制。該短路可由一傳導片（conductive tab) 或傳導板或傳導條或其他傳導配置提供。其他切換佈局可 被設想為實現一類似效果，例如該電感器1〇可被永久耦 - 接，且該開關被配置成僅打開或關閉具有短路接腳的分 -5支，以短路該電感器10而不使得該電感器開路。任何此等 切換式配置可與一可變電感或切換式電感器陣列相組合。 該短路接腳160和該電感器10都被置於位置B處，如圖所示。 φ 藉由對低頻帶切換該電感器10以及對高頻帶切換該短 路接腳160,該天線的共振頻率被重新向上調整。藉由將控 1〇制電路配置成接收一指示哪個頻帶需被使用的信號，該開 關170可被控制以實現此功能。這可使得對於兩個頻帶操作 而言，實現較好的失配控制。此控制電路可被設置在任一 PCB上。另外或同樣，該控制電路可被配置成依據可由合 適私路偵測出的天線輸入阻抗失配的一位準來控制該開 15關。此偵測可由習知電路(例如)根據偵測反射功率實現。此 儀I 一直接測量的使用可以使得比（例如）估計或間接測量更好 控制失配。 在此範例中，該電感器具有8 51111的電感。其他實施例 可具有電感元件，該等電感元件具有從(例如)2nH至20nH範 20圍的值。藉由以各種電感值測試其產品外殼中的天線且測 里該天線阻抗或阻抗失配，直到該阻抗接近5〇 〇hms或其他 期望的阻抗以與相關的!^電路良好匹配，一適當值可被決 定出。 第4圖的實施例可在軟體中被模擬。根據模擬顯示二者 13 200814427 頻π之輪入回饋損失的圖表在第5a圖和第5b圖中被顯示。 手才曰材料之相關介電常數和導電率分別對於此模擬的低頻 帶是41.5和〇.97S/m，而對於高頻帶是4〇 〇和148觔。在本 發明之實施例中使用的開關可以是一ΠΝ-二極體或FET或 5 MEMS或任何其他類型。在上述模擬中，—小片矩形銅 (lmmX〇,88mm)被用於表示處於ON狀態的開關。 第6圖顯示頻率可重組配的另一實施例，以及藉由在不 同的位置使用兩個短路路徑，當手在其上或離開時被良好 匹配。在此範例中，該等短路路徑在位置A和B處被說明， 10雖其他位置也是可能的。在位置A處，一可切換的短路接 腳320被提供。在位置B處，一電感元件(例如一電感器ι〇) 被提供與一短路接腳31〇相平行。當手不在上面時位置A處 的電路被使用，在此情形下產生第3a圖和第3b圖的結果。 S手在上面時位置B處的電路被使用，該短路接腳310被切 15換用於尚頻帶，而該電感器10被切換用於低頻帶；產生第 5a圖和第5b圖的結果。第6圖中開關的控制電路包括偵測該 阻抗失配。 第7圖以一示意性形式顯示依據本發明之實施例的手 持式電池供電裝置290。這顯示通向RF放大器和匹配電路 2〇 240的裝置電路28〇。這對一天線26〇饋電。該天線具有一接 / 地面、一輻射元件15和短路路徑電路250。該短路路徑電路 具有一短路路徑230、一控制器2〇〇和一失配偵測器210。該 控制器具有一指示是一高頻帶或是低頻帶被使用的輸入 205以及來自該失配偵測器的一輸入。該控制器200控制該 200814427 短路路徑中的可控元件，可包括一開關170及/或一可變電 感器180及/或一可切換之電感器陣列19〇及/或一短路路徑 位置切換排列195。該短路路徑23〇可被耦接在該接地面和 該輻射元件之間。 5 總的來說’一電感器接地式天線已被描述，其可提供 用以處理應用（例如行動電話）的改良容限。一輻射元件的短 路接腳可被一電感器所替換，從而當該使用者之手指位於 該天線頂端時或當該天線需要被調整以在不同的頻帶中操 作時，該天線可被良好匹配。 10 在本說明書和申請專利範圍中，在一元件之前的詞“一 (a或an)’’不排除存在複數個此種元件。此外，詞“包含 (comprising)’’不排除存在除了所列出的那些之外的其他元 件或步驟。 藉由閱讀本揭露’對於本領域熟悉相關技藝者而言， 15其他修改是明顯的。此等修改可包含在平面天線以及其中 元件部分的設計、製造和使用中已知的其他特徵，且其等 可被用於賴在本文巾已描制特徵或二者兼具。 【圖式簡說^明】 第1圖是依據本發明一實施例之電感器接地式平面倒F 2〇 天線的示意圖； 第2圖是一手指在頂端之傳統的piFA的示意圖； 第3a、3b、3c和3d圖是第2圖之天線的模擬輸入回饋損 失對頻率的圖表； 第4圖是電感器接地式平面倒F天線的示意圖，可被調 15 200814427 整以克服由於使用者手指接近產生的影響； 第5a和5b圖是第4圖之天線的模擬輸入回饋損失對頻 率的圖表； 第6圖顯示一天線的實施例；以及 第7圖顯示一具有天線之裝置的實施例。The top PCB 40 can be placed in the cut structure of the ejector element 15 and can simulate the effect of one of the outer casings of the mobile device for testing purposes. The dielectric constant and thickness of the two PCB-5 plates are 3.38 and 〇.813 mm in this example. These PCB sizes are 40mm x 100mm. The bottom PCB provides a feed signal to the antenna and can also support the conductive ground plane on its back. Electronic components in the RF mask (also referred to as RF cans) can be placed on both sides of the bottom PCB, and the conductive ground plane 3 surrounds these components and 10 covers the remaining area of the PCB. The ground plane 30 and/or the radiating element 15 can be bent to, for example, conform to the contour of a telephone housing. The impedance and peak resonant frequency of the antenna can be set by the various dimensions of the radiating antenna and its slot 12 and by the position and shorting path of the feed pin 20. Providing an inductive component in the shorted path means that the 15 impedance of the antenna can be better matched even if it is still sensitive to the user's hand. The inductor 10 can have a fixed value or a variable value or can be switched to any of a number of discrete values. The inductor value can be selected even if it cannot be dynamically changed or switched 'so that even if the mismatch changes with the hand position, one of a range of average mismatches or mismatches for several hand positions can be optimized The 20-line impedance of the day is modified to a total match of the RF circuit coupled to the antenna. This allows RF power to be transmitted more efficiently and the battery life and/or range of the portable device can be increased. The inductor 10 can also have some effect that makes the peak resonance frequency less sensitive to the user's hand position. If the inductor 10 has a variable or tunable value, the value can be controlled to keep the antenna impedance and/or peak resonance frequency more stable to reduce sensitivity to the user's hand position, although Variable devices can be more expensive and more expensive. The inductive component can have an individual inductor network coupled in series or in parallel. Other components, such as resistive components, can be incorporated into the .5 short circuit path to provide a wider bandwidth. Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of a conventional PIFA having a ground plane 30 with a user's finger 70 shown as a cube on top of the upper PCB 40. The usual 'p' FA is designed and optimized in the absence of the user's hand. A shorting pin 60 is placed in position A near the feeding pin 20. Figures 10a and 3b show the input return loss (S11) as a function of frequency when the finger is not at the top of the antenna. The two resonant frequencies can be clearly observed and concentrated in the 7 GHz and 1.78 GHz. When Fig. 3c and Fig. % show the input feedback loss that is simulated as a function of frequency when the user's finger is at the top of the antenna (S11). The figures show that the two resonance frequencies move down about 138 MHz for the low_band and about 370 MHz for the high band compared to the case where 15 have no fingers on it. Figure 4 shows another of the present invention. An embodiment, similar to the embodiment of FIG. 1 and the same reference symbols are used as appropriate. The circuit 11 is provided at position B by 20, in this example at a corner of the radiating element 15. It includes a switch 170 that is provided to connect the inductor 10 or a short circuit in the form of a shorting pin 16 to the ground plane 30, as shown in FIG. An advantage of this circuit is that some flexibility of a variable inductor can be achieved with less complexity, cost and loss. This flexibility means that for some different hand positions, the loss can be controlled more precisely. The short circuit can be provided by a conductive tab or conductive plate or conductive strip or other conductive configuration. Other switching layouts can be envisaged to achieve a similar effect, for example, the inductor 1 can be permanently coupled, and the switch is configured to only open or close a sub-5 with a shorting pin to short the inductor 10 does not make the inductor open. Any of these switched configurations can be combined with a variable inductor or switched inductor array. Both the shorting pin 160 and the inductor 10 are placed at position B as shown. φ By switching the inductor 10 to the low frequency band and switching the short circuit pin 160 to the high frequency band, the resonant frequency of the antenna is re-adjusted upward. The switch 170 can be controlled to perform this function by configuring the control circuit to receive a signal indicating which frequency band is to be used. This allows for better mismatch control for both band operations. This control circuit can be placed on any PCB. Additionally or alternatively, the control circuit can be configured to control the switch based on a level of antenna input impedance mismatch that can be detected by the appropriate private path. This detection can be implemented by conventional circuits, for example, based on detected reflected power. The use of this direct measurement of the instrument I can make it better to control the mismatch than, for example, estimated or indirect measurements. In this example, the inductor has an inductance of 8 51111. Other embodiments may have inductive elements having values ranging from, for example, 2 nH to 20 nH. By testing the antenna in the outer casing of the product with various inductance values and measuring the antenna impedance or impedance mismatch until the impedance approaches 5 〇〇hms or other desired impedance to match the associated circuit, an appropriate value Can be decided. The embodiment of Figure 4 can be modeled in software. The graph showing the round-trip feedback loss of the frequency π according to the simulation is shown in Figures 5a and 5b. The relevant dielectric constant and conductivity of the hand-carrying material are 41.5 and 〇.97 S/m for the low frequency band of the simulation, respectively, and 4 〇 and 148 ribs for the high frequency band. The switch used in embodiments of the invention may be a ΠΝ-diode or FET or 5 MEMS or any other type. In the above simulation, a small piece of rectangular copper (lmm X 〇, 88 mm) was used to indicate the switch in the ON state. Figure 6 shows another embodiment of a frequency reconfigurable configuration, and by using two short circuit paths at different locations, the hands are well matched when they are on or off. In this example, the short circuit paths are illustrated at locations A and B, although other locations are also possible. At position A, a switchable shorting pin 320 is provided. At position B, an inductive component (e.g., an inductor ι) is provided in parallel with a shorting pin 31〇. The circuit at position A is used when the hand is not above, in which case the results of Figures 3a and 3b are produced. The circuit at position B when the S hand is above is used, the shorting pin 310 is switched for the still frequency band, and the inductor 10 is switched for the low frequency band; the results of Figs. 5a and 5b are generated. The control circuit of the switch in Figure 6 includes detecting the impedance mismatch. Figure 7 shows, in a schematic form, a hand held battery powered device 290 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. This shows the device circuit 28A leading to the RF amplifier and matching circuit 2〇240. This feeds an antenna 26 。. The antenna has a ground/ground, a radiating element 15 and a short path circuit 250. The short circuit path circuit has a short circuit path 230, a controller 2A and a mismatch detector 210. The controller has an input 205 indicating whether a high or low band is being used and an input from the mismatch detector. The controller 200 controls the controllable components in the 200814427 short circuit path, and may include a switch 170 and/or a variable inductor 180 and/or a switchable inductor array 19 and/or a short circuit path position switch. Arrange 195. The short circuit path 23 can be coupled between the ground plane and the radiating element. 5 In general, an inductor grounded antenna has been described that provides improved tolerance for processing applications such as mobile phones. The shorting pin of a radiating element can be replaced by an inductor such that the antenna can be well matched when the user's finger is at the top of the antenna or when the antenna needs to be adjusted to operate in a different frequency band. In the context of this specification and the patent application, the word "a" or "an" does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. In addition, the word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of the Other components or steps other than those. Other modifications are apparent to those skilled in the art from reading this disclosure. Such modifications may include other features that are known in the design, manufacture, and use of planar antennas and component parts therein, and the like may be used in conjunction with the features described herein or both. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an inductor grounded planar inverted F 2 〇 antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional piFA with a finger at the top; 3b, 3c, and 3d are graphs of the analog input feedback loss versus frequency for the antenna of Figure 2; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the inductor grounded planar inverted-F antenna, which can be adjusted to overcome the user's finger approach. The resulting effects; Figures 5a and 5b are graphs of analog input feedback losses versus frequency for the antenna of Figure 4; Figure 6 shows an embodiment of an antenna; and Figure 7 shows an embodiment of a device with an antenna.
【主要元件符號說明】 10…電感器 195…短路路徑位置切換排列 12…狹缝 200…控制器 15…輻射元件 205…輸入 20…饋送接腳 210…失配偵測器 30…接地面 230…短路路徑 40 …PCB 240…RF放大器和匹配電路 60…短路接腳 250…短路路徑電路 70…手指 260…天線 110…電路 280…裝置電路 160…短路接腳 290…手持式電池供電裝置 17〇…開關 310…短路接腳 180···可變電感器 跡·.可切換之電感器陣列 320…短路接腳 16[Major component symbol description] 10...Inductor 195...Short-circuit path position switching arrangement 12...Slit 200...Controller 15...Radiation element 205...Input 20...Feed pin 210...Disabled detector 30...Ground surface 230... Short circuit path 40 ... PCB 240 ... RF amplifier and matching circuit 60 ... short circuit pin 250 ... short circuit path circuit 70 ... finger 260 ... antenna 110 ... circuit 280 ... device circuit 160 ... short circuit pin 290 ... hand-held battery power supply device 17 ... Switch 310...short pin 180···variable inductor track·switchable inductor array 320...short pin 16