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TW200803141A - Half-bridge resonant converter - Google Patents

Half-bridge resonant converter Download PDF

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Publication number
TW200803141A
TW200803141A TW095121870A TW95121870A TW200803141A TW 200803141 A TW200803141 A TW 200803141A TW 095121870 A TW095121870 A TW 095121870A TW 95121870 A TW95121870 A TW 95121870A TW 200803141 A TW200803141 A TW 200803141A
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TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
electronic switch
energy storage
winding
inductor
resonant converter
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TW095121870A
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English (en)
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TWI309914B (zh
Inventor
Ming-Han Huang
Original Assignee
Hipro Electronic Co Ltd
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Priority to TW095121870A priority Critical patent/TW200803141A/zh
Priority to US11/652,118 priority patent/US7760521B2/en
Priority to JP2007019402A priority patent/JP4521574B2/ja
Publication of TW200803141A publication Critical patent/TW200803141A/zh
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Publication of TWI309914B publication Critical patent/TWI309914B/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/24Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
    • H02M3/325Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/337Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in push-pull configuration
    • H02M3/3376Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in push-pull configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/24Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
    • H02M3/325Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33592Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Description

200803141 九、發明說明: f發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關〜種 壓轉換以及低電能損耗 轉換器,尤指一種可達到零電 同步:半波整流轉換器。 v 【先前技術】 傳統上半橋式轉換界 功率轉換之轉換器,可肩用、、、吏用二個功率開關並做正向 源轉換供電器為其開發^4、於較小之變壓器,而高效率電 功率切換損失,提升‘艟目標’以以諧振電路可降低 相關電源業界所開發之產、^換效率減少能源損失’為目前 傳統的轉換器以二榀 件,由於二極體會產生體為二:人侧電路電子開關之元 轉換效率無法提升耗’使得轉換器之 免大量之電能損耗成==善二次侧電路之電子開關,避 此損粍成為轉換器之技術開發目標。 【發明内容】 我扶本1發明之目的在於提供—電壓轉換器,利用以電晶體 二次側之電子_,科低轉換之電 達到本發明目的之半橋共振轉換器,包含:一次相 :第2:、=,具有第-與第二端點以及-中央端點τ 第-及第m ί 連接,電子開關,具有 端點連接第:端點;;述二次側繞組之第二 弟—端點與前述第-電子開關之第二端點玆1第3 200803141 能元件,呈古楚 ^ 電子Μ _ 一及第二端點,前述第一端點與前述第二 二端::前端連接;,及一負載端’具有第-及第 點及第端點同時與前述第—儲能元件之第二端 - 丨二儲肊70件之第二端點連接,前述第二端點鱼前辻 -次側繞組之中央端點連接。 ,述 藉由5置儲能元件可避免電子開關因逆向偏壓 匕大之能量損耗,因此可使本發明半橋共振轉換 低能量損耗之目的。 罨幻取
、本發明之前述目的或特徵,將依據後附圖式加以 說明,惟需明瞭的是,後附圖式及所舉之例,祇是兔= 明而非在限制或縮限本發明。 馬說 【實施方式】 雖然本發明將參閱含有本發明較佳實施例之所附 予以充分描述,但在此描述之前應瞭解熟悉本行技蓺 士可修改本文中所描述之創作,同時獲致本創作之二=人 因此,需瞭解以下之描述對熟悉本行技藝之人士而言 廣泛之揭示,且其内容不在於限制本創作。 。-一 • 參考第一圖為本發明半橋共振轉換器之電路圖,診恭 路包含包含:一次侧繞組;二次侧繞組N2,具有第〜^ $ 二端點以及一中央端點;一第一電子開關,具有第〜 二端點,前述第〆端點與前述二次侧繞組之第一端點^ 接;一第二電子開關具有弟一及弟一端點,前述第〜& 點與前述二次側繞組之第二端點連接;一第一儲能元件螭 具有第一及第二端點,前述第一端點與前述第一電子門s 之第二端點連接;〆第^儲能元件,具有第一及第二嶠 前述第一端點與前述第二電子開關之第二端點連接;以及 200803141 一負載端,具有第一及第-嫂赴此^ — 述第-儲能元件之第二端 鞏雷^俨Ο盥結έ第一電子開關係為一 M0SFET功 率電曰曰體Q+與一繞組①之結合, MOSFET功率電晶體— 二,子開關係為一 整流之目的,且兮笛一 ♦、 、"°、、且^之結合,以達到同步 關传為反Θ%子開關與該第二電子開關之作動 負載端導it,、、"° 弟一褴點或第二端點與 負餘W Μ達到+波整流之 =3。與第二電子開關一係為具;相= 在,第-電子開關與第二電子 η’以對從第-電子開關與第二電子開:輸^ 繞組之第-端點電壓出電壓〜與二次侧 本發明孫托装 提供濾波電感ζ+、乙之釋能路徑。 效率,^考第-二一傳統半橋式轉換器之電能損耗及轉換 該轉換i包含二傳統半橋式轉換11之電路架構圖, 入電壓,K則為=電路及一二次側電路,以匕為輸 侧”'之圏數,二=壓’-次側繞…二次 正半半橋式轉換器運作之波形圖,由於其 式轉換器以正丰=為對稱之運作模式,因此可將該半橋 週分為以下幾個作業模式: 7 200803141 模組l: (t〇〜t〇 在模組1的狀態,電晶體&及皆不導通,令共振 電感4及磁化電感之初始電流為&,共振電容&之初 始電壓為,由於小於〇,因此其電流導通波形如第四 圖所示,由於磁化電感乙之跨壓固定為因此該磁化 電感込可視為-穩定直流電壓源,並該共振電流L與共 振電谷CV電流為相等,因此可得:
diL{t) yd hr (^0 ) =KM-K ηνο i可Ϊ一步求得共振_ &及共振電容α之錢及電m 方程式: hM)1 VC, (,μ伶一叱一[令· { 2 nV〇~V^c〇s[®H(i-i〇)]+/〇Z01 sin[i»rl(i-/〇)]|M(f-i〇) 並根據該方程式可得第三圖時心至〇之共振電狀及共 振電容(^之電流及電壓波形圖。f中’因該磁化電感4可視為—歡直流電 :頻=之共振電以與共振電容㈣為共振,其共 ωΓΐ 4lrCr 並得一特性阻抗z07為 8 200803141
而磁化電感之電流方程式並可推導如下: diL (ί) τ, 个a(0=u)+ο-,。) c m 且該磁化電感之電流的斜率可表示為: n.Vo
Sloped — 根據該方程式可得第三圖時間ί0至之磁化電感電流 波形圖。 當共振電流心大於〇,該共振電流L之電流方向反 向,因此一極體被終止,並該半橋式轉換器之工作模 式進入模式2。
dhM) dt 在核組2的狀態,由於共振電流心反向,因此電晶體 2好導通,其電流導通波形如第五圖所示,雨模組〗相同, 該磁化電感尤⑺可視為一穩定直流電壓源,並該共振電流 與共振電各Cr電流為相等,因此可得:
L ^vcM)-~nV0 < Κ’ι)= 〇 且可進一步求得共振電感4及共振電容G之電流及電壓 方程式· 9 200803141 hr(0=—— -sin[0)rl (卜 C A ) jo\ f :..jL —. ytV — —___ 2
<-F; C0S[6>U[U 並根據該方程式可得第三圖中時間至(2之共振電感厶, 及共振電容C;之電流及電壓波形圖。 且其共振頻率及特性阻抗皆與模組1相同: Ζ( οι Μ ^f=
4LrCr 而磁化電感4之電流方程式並可推導如下: W nV0 h
L
L SI〇pe(ILm) 且該磁化電感之電流的斜率可表示為: η · Vo
Lm 根據該方程式可得第三圖時間G至6之磁化電感電流 波形圖。 由於二次侧電路之電晶體極性,使得二次侧之電流/2 • 不得反向,因此相對之一次側電流乃不得小於〇,因此當 共振電流/ir與磁化電流相等時’該半橋式轉換器即進 入模組3。 模組3 : (t2〜t3) 在模組3的狀態5由於共振電流與磁化電流相 等,此時一次侧電流//為0,其電流波形圖如第六圖所示, 共振電感4與磁化電感串聯並與共振電容CV共振’並 可得一電流關係式: 200803141 八)学+ (ί)=句 dt CrW 2 K(t2)-v2 且可進一步求得共振電感4及共振電容cr之電流及電壓 方程式:
W: 72咖[〇^2(卜,2)]_ 2 v2 Ό2
sinkUlU 2 (vd 2 V2 cos^r2(i-iJ]+/2Z〇2si^ 並根據該方程式可得第三圖時間~至〇之共振電感心及共 振電容(^之電流及電壓波形圖。 —其中,因為共振電感心與磁化電感串聯並與共振 電容Cr共振,因此可得一共振頻率: _ 1 ω”2 一
並得一特性阻抗z02為: [Lr + Lm z〇2 叫—ττ~ 之電流方程式並可推導如下: 方程式可得第三圖時間~至^之磁化電感込電流 =雪” :ί侧電流/;為0 ’而由於二次側電_ 一次侧電流/;係為正比,因此可 L = 0 h n2 11 200803141 因此可知, ’於模組3,
Lc 共振電感4與磁化電感4之電 也1與模組2為小: 當一次侧電晶體&關閉, ,模組3即結束。
波心圖’其巾若是傳統蕭特基二極體,因其順向壓降約為 0.5V,因此其功率損失約為:
Pd = VFxI〇 ^ 0.5x16 = 若是使用低壓降型蕭特基二極體,因其順向壓降約為 0.3V,因此其功率損失約為: =0·3χ16 = 4麗 而以MOSFET場效電晶體及2代替二極體乃+及 φ 乃-可大幅降低其電能損耗,參考第九圖為使用MOSFET功 率二極體作為電子開關二極體D+及从之損耗電流波形 圖,其中MOSFET功率電晶體導通之順向壓降約為 0.07V,Body Diode導通時之壓降約為0.6V,而MOSFET 功率電晶體導通時間約為Body Diode導通時間2倍,因此 其功率損失約為: ^ =〇.〇7xl6x| + 〇.6xl6x| = 3.9r 但由於利用MOSFET場效電晶體取代二極體成為電 12 200803141 子開關將面臨一逆向低厭 “ ㈣之問題,在模組3的狀態下,二 ❿κ’與κ。存在—塵差,使得該腸聊11 能導致逆偏,此逆向偏壓會造成琴心 後ί聯-儲耗大幅上升,因此本發明於電子開關之 間所存在之ϋ 用紐電感ζ+及以肖除广與匕之 继—Κ -Ρ
dt 一 jL 於該儲能元件利用—電阻串聯—二極體,仏串聯 R+以及
姓1及·、’以形成濾波電感L及乙之釋能路徑,當模組3 、、口,= ’濾、波電感及Ζ·便依i^串聯&以及乃串聯及· 之釋l路梭將該電感内所儲存之電能釋放 ,因此本發明之 半橋f振,換器便可克服逆向偏壓造成Body Diode導通 之問題,參考第十圖為本發明半橋共振轉換器之損耗電流 波形圖,其中M0SFET功率電晶體導通之順向壓降約為 〇.〇7V’目此其功率損失約為: =^χ/〇 =0.07x16 = 1.12^ 因此由以上功率損失之數值比較可知,本發明半橋共 振轉換益可達到最低功率損耗之目的。 在詳細說明本發明的較佳實施例之後,熟悉該項技術 人士可清楚的瞭解,在不脫離下述申請專利範圍與精神下 進行各種變化與改變,且本發明亦不受限於說明書中所舉 實施例的實施方式。 13 200803141 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖為本發明半橋共振轉換器之電路圖; 第二圖為習知丰橋共振轉換器之電路圖; 第三圖為習知半橋共振轉換器之電流波形圖; 第四圖為習知半橋共振轉換器於模組1之電流導通 路徑圖; 第五圖為習知半橋共振轉換器於模組2之電流導通 路徑圖; 第六圖為習知半橋共振轉換器於模組3之電流導通 路徑圖; 第七圖為本發明半橋共振轉換器與習知半橋共振轉 換器元件導通波形圖; 第八圖為使用蕭特基二極體作為電子開關二極體D+ 及之損耗電流波形圖; 第九圖為使用MOSFET功率二極體作為電子開關二 極體及Ζλ之損耗電流波形圖 第十圖為本發明半橋共振轉換器之損耗電流波形圖。 Φ 主要元件符號說明: 無 14

Claims (1)

  1. 200803141 十、申請專利範圍: 1. 一種半橋共振轉換器,包含: 一次侧繞組; 二次側繞組,具有第一與第二端點以及一中央端點; 一第一電子開關,具有第一及第二端點,前述第一 端點與前述二次側繞組之第一端點連接; 一第二電子開關,具有第一及第二端點,前述第一 端點與前述二次侧繞組之第二端點連接; __ 一第一儲能元件,具有第一及第二端點,前述第一 端點與前述第一電子開關之第二端點連接; 一第二儲能元件,具有第一及第二端點,前述第一 端點與前述第二電子開關之第二端點連接;以及 一負載端,具有第一及第二端點,前述第一端點同 時與前述第一儲能元件之第二端點及第二儲能元件之 第二端點連接,前述第二端點與前述二次侧繞組之中央 端點連接。 Φ 2.如申請專利第1項之半橋共振轉換器,其中前述第一電 子開關與前述第二電子開關之作動關係為反向,致使前 述二次侧繞組之第一端點或第二端點與前述負載端導 通。 3·如申請專利第1項之半橋共振轉換器,其中前述第一電 子開關係包含一 MOSFET功率電晶體以及一跨接於前 述MOSFET功率電晶體之閘極(G)及源極(S)的第三繞 組,並且第一電子開關之第一端點係為MOSFET功率 15 200803141 電晶體之源極(S),以及第二端點係為MOSFET功率電 晶體之汲極(D)。 4. 如申請專利第1項之半橋共振轉換器,其中前述第二電 子開關係包含一 MOSFET功率電晶體以及一跨接於前 -述MOSFET功率電晶體之閘極(G)及源極(S)的第三繞 組,並且第二電子開關之第一端點係為MOSFET功率 電晶體之源極(S),以及第二端點係為MOSFET功率電 晶體之汲極(D)。 _ 5. 如申請專利第3項或第4項之半橋共振轉換器,其中前 述第一電子開關之第三繞組與前述第二電子開關之第 三繞組係為具有相同圈數之相同繞組。
    6.如申請專利第1項之半橋共振轉換器,其中前述第一儲 能元件係由一電感並聯一二極體與一電阻串聯之組 合,使前述電感可經由前述二極體與電阻串聯之組合進 行釋能,並且第一儲能元件之第一端點係為前述二極體 之正極端,第一儲能元件之第二端點係為前述電阻與前 述電感結合之端點。 7·如申請專利第1項之半橋共振轉換器,其中前述第二儲 能元件係由一電感並聯一二極體與一電阻串聯之組 合,使前述電感可經由前述二極體與電阻串聯之組合進 行釋能,並且第二儲能元件之第一端點係為前述二極體 之正極端,第二儲能元件之第二端點係為前述電阻與前 述電感結合之端點。
TW095121870A 2006-06-19 2006-06-19 Half-bridge resonant converter TW200803141A (en)

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JP2007019402A JP4521574B2 (ja) 2006-06-19 2007-01-30 半ブリッジ共振変換器

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US7760521B2 (en) 2010-07-20
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US20070291515A1 (en) 2007-12-20

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