200803052 八、 本案若有化學式時，請揭示最能顯示發明特徵的化學式： * . 九、 發明說明： . 【發明所屬之技術領域】 ♦ 本發明所屬之技術領域係關於一種小型共面波導饋入式三 頻操作之單偶極天線設計。其中涉及藉由在一微波基板之 單層導體面上嵌入不同形狀之開迴路槽孔，使·形成一個含 有兩個不對稱接地面之共面波導饋入單元連結一嵌有槽孔 之方形貼片輻射元之天線結構，藉由貼片輻射元上槽孔的 形狀、大小的調整及利用上述貼片輻射元與兩非對稱接地 面相互間之電磁耦奋效應，可產生尺寸極小並適合在 2· 27〜2· 62 GHz，5· 11 〜5· 54 GHz 及 6· 45〜7· 64 GHz 三個頻 段操作之天線特性，此天線並可提供無線區域網路2 4 GHz/5· 25 GHz頻段操作及c頻段行動通訊之應用需求。 【先前技術】 近年來由於無線通訊技術的迅速發展及人們對於相關產品功 能及打動化的姜求越來越高，各種具便利性的無線通訊產品便相 繼推出並且不朗改進。而無魏訊產品之-項重要共通特點在 於裝置間白使用無線方式來傳輸各式資料，因此，天、線元件的使 用便顯得必需且重要。而裝設於這些裝置上之天線除必須具有輕 便短小、易於攜代及低功率消耗等特點外，其對應的操作頻率寬 200803052 度亦必須足夠方能發揮效用。除此，考量成本及實用性，使用不 ， . 同頻4又之無線通訊裝置的整合亦成為目前發展之主要趨勢之—。 然而，整合不同的無線通訊模組到同一個裝置中，天線的使用便 產生困難。因馬’就無線通訊系統的整合而言，若能敦計一個平 面式、小尺寸、低成本、可同時適用多頻段操作並具良好輻射特 性(如極性、增益及輻射場型等）的單體且易與系統電路結合之天 線結構’則對無線通訊裝置的簡化、成本的降低及市場的接受度 I將有大大助益。 就天線設計技巧言，目前有關於小尺寸、高頻寬及多頻操作 可應用於無線通訊裝置的天線設計大都是利用印刷電路方式來施 行’主要是因為印刷天線具輕、薄與積體電路電路相容性良好及 當將材料及形狀作適當的安排與設計時，可輕易獲得不同之諧振 頻率及足夠之操作頻寬等優點。習知對於激發天線多個諧振模態 的方法主要為在平面輻射體上刻槽孔（sl〇t)或利用多個單極 (monopole)、偶極(dipole)微帶線來產生對應各個頻段的四分之 一或二分之一波長電流路徑，亦或利用堆疊(stack)方式、雙觸動 (double-tuned)或使用螺旋或Vivaldi天線等技巧；而縮小天線 尺寸常見使用的設計技巧有：使用高介電常數的基板、於輻射主 體元件與接地面間加入適當之電阻/電抗性負載、在輻射主體元件 邊緣加上一短路針來調整邊界條件使天線之共振小於波導之半波 長、改變輻射主體元件形狀以增加電性長度(electrical length) 200803052 : - · 或結合以上條件；而增加天線頻寬的常用技巧則有使用較厚及低 "電系數的基板、槽孔麵合(S〗〇t C〇Up〗ing)饋入方式、多層堆疊 架構及微帶饋入線或共面波導饋入線阻抗匹配等方法。 V惟’整合應用上述習用之天線設計技巧以設計出一個尺寸 小、頻寬大及多頻段諧振的天線並不容易。因此，目前市面上習 知之天線產品設計常因結構複雜而增加了製造成本及與系統電路 ⑩結合之困難度，或因多頻操作時頻寬或增益不足而降低傳輸效 盈’及因天線尺寸過大降低了通訊裝置的行動性，進而降低產品 的商業價值。 因此，在本案中我們針對天線結構的佈局技術加以研究發 明’提出了一種尺寸極小、頻寬大且可提供三頻段操作之使 用共面波導饋入技術的槽孔式方形貼片單偶極天線設計， 它不僅可提供鱗區_路2.4/525 GH^c頻段行動通訊之應 修用需求’同時因天線只印製在微波基板之單層導體面上使本發 明具有尺寸甚小、祕系崎路結合、平面低❹及結構簡 單之特點，極具有商業應用之價值。 200803052 【發明内容】 本發明之目的係提供一‘種小型利用共面波導饋入、具三頻， 操作功能之單偶極天線的創新設計，經由結構上之微調可輕 易地得到三個不同諧振頻段與各頻段所對應的寬頻帶效 果，並可提供無線區域網路2.4/5.25 GHz雙頻段及C頻段行動通 訊應用需求。本發明天線包括：一微波基板Η，具有一上層 導體表面111 ; 一印製於微波基板上層導體表面^^的共 面波導傳輸單元12，共面波導的兩接地面則分別以一細槽 線122之寬度的距離非對稱的安排在中央折彎型微帶線123 的的兩邊，左邊為一方型接地面121，右邊為一倒L型接 地面124(包含一垂直接地段1241及一水平接地段1242), 此種接地面的安排與習知之共面波導傳輪單元使用兩相同 接地面的安排不同，為一創新設計。共面波導的中央折彎 馨型微帶線123，由下而上包含下垂直微帶導線疫1231、水平微 帶導線段1232及上垂直微帶導線段1233。中央折彎型微帶線123 的底端13為天線信號饋入端。折彎型微帶線123的頂端則 連接至一左上邊緣嵌有槽孔（141)之方形貼片輻射元14， 用以傳輸訊號。本發明天線之嵌有槽孔的方形貼片輻射元 14為本天線輻射電磁波之主要部份。本發明天線之尺寸縮 小效果可耩由此共面波導傳輸單元所嵌入之折彎型開迴路 槽孔的折彎方式及在方形貼片輻射元嵌入槽孔來達成；而 200803052 天線的諧振點則可由此嵌入槽孔之方形貼片輻射元與共面 波導之接地面的結構安排及此兩者之相互電磁编合來調整 產生。 本發明天绛整個結構僅印製在一微波基板li的上層 導體表面111，天線可輕易地與系統之硬體電路結合。同 時天線之結構簡單、尺寸甚小，除了可解決習用單偶極天 線與系統電路不易整合連接的問題外，也降低了天線製作 _ 的困難度與成本，具有極高之產業應用價值。 200803052 【實施方式】 1本發明所述天線實際製作的實施例4’其佈局如第一圖，實施 例量測結果於圖二至圖六說明；其中天線基板(substrate) 11使用表 面導鹘外圍面積僅有9(寬）X 20(高)平方公釐、厚度1.6公釐、介 電係數4·4的FR4微波基材；50歐姆共面波導傳輸單元之中央折 •4型微帶線123，由下而上尺寸分別為·下垂直微帶導緣段 1231大小為2公釐(寬)χ5 5公釐(高）、水平微帶導線段1232為3 公釐(寬)χ1·5公釐(高）及上垂直微帶導線段1233為1· 5公釐(寬)χ 4公釐(鬲）;兩接地面與中央折彎型微帶線間之槽線122的寬 度為0· 5公釐；共面波導的中央折彎型微帶線左邊第一接地面 121的寬、高尺寸分別為4公釐及3 5公釐；中央折彎型微帶線 右邊第二接地面124的垂直接地段1241與水平接地段1242的寬χ 高尺寸分別為2公釐Χ7·5公釐及5公釐χ1·5公釐；中央折彎型微 帶線123頂端所連接之嵌有槽孔之方形貼片輻射元14其外 开尺寸為9公釐(〇χΐ2公釐(高），所喪入之長槽孔I"其水平寬 度為7公釐’垂直局度為〇 5公釐，槽孔由左方離貼#輻射元上 邊緣1· 5公釐處嵌入。第二圖為本發明天線實施例之反射損失 (re_ _量腦果，可峨察到此天線確實能產生三頻操作之 效能，其第一、第二及第三諧振頻帶的最佳諧振頻率分別落在2·43 GHz、5·23 GHz和7·14 GHz。在第-諧振頻帶部份，低於·_ 之阻抗分佈從2·27 GHz至2·62 GHz，操作頻寬達现廳，或對 200803052 應敢佳讀振頻率為14··4 %的頻寬百分比；在第二諸振頻帶部份， 低於-10dB之阻抗分稀則從5·11 GHz至5.54GHz，操作頻寬為430 # MHz，或對應最佳諧振頻率為8.2 %的頻寬百分比;而在第三譜振 r 頻段部份，低於_10dB之阻抗分佈可從6.45 GHz至7.64 GHz，操 作頻寬達1190 MHz，或對應最佳諧振頻率為16·7 %的頻寬百分 比。此天線設計所產生之可操作頻率範圍含蓋了無線區域網路2_ 4 GHz (2· 4〜2· 484 GHz)及 5. 25 GHz 頻段(5· 15〜5· 35 GHz)及 C 頻段 • 行動通訊(6·875〜7· 125 GHz)之應用需求。 第二圖、苐四圖及第五圖分別為第二圖佈局實施例在最佳諧 振頻率 2.43 GHz、5.23 GHz 及 7.14 GHz 處的輻射場型(Radiati〇n pattern)量測結果。其結果顯示在此三頻的操作頻帶内皆具有類似 之極化平面。第六圖則是第二圖佈局實施例在2 43 GHz、5 及7.14 GHz二個操作頻帶内的天線增益职叫的量測結 •果，其結果顯示在此三個諧振頻帶内之天線增益分別分佈在 16〜31 dBi，3.9〜5·9 dBi 及 5·9〜7·4 dBi 範圍。 由以上實聰絲示，本發明天線之三個可操作鮮皆涵蓋 足夠的頻寬，同時具有良好之輻射場型與天線增益，非常適合通 訊相關產業的實際應用，足符合發明創作之目標。 以上麟叙纽讎本拥之輕及其姐，而非限 制本凡其絲_本發騎揭狄精神獨城之修改及 變化’均應包含在後述之申請專利範圍内。 11 200803052 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖係為本發明天線之實施例結構圖。 * 第二圖係為本發明天線實施例之反射損失量測結果。 第三圖係為本發明天線實施例操作於諧振頻率2·43 GHz的輻射場 型量測結果。 第四圖係為本發明天線實施例操作於諧振頻率5·23 GHz的輻射場 型量測結果。 _ 第五圖係為本發明天線實施例操作於諧振頻率7·14 GHz的輻射場 型量測結果。 第六圖係為本發明天線實施例操作於2·43 GHz、5.23 GHz及7.14 GHz頻帶之天線增益量測結果。200803052 VIII. If there is a chemical formula in this case, please disclose the chemical formula that best shows the characteristics of the invention: *. 9. Description of the invention: 1. The technical field to which the invention belongs is related to a small coplanar waveguide feed. Single dipole antenna design with tri-band operation. The method relates to embedding a different-shaped open-circuit slot on a single-layer conductor surface of a microwave substrate to form a coplanar waveguide feeding unit having two asymmetric ground planes and a square patch with a slot embedded therein The antenna structure of the radiating element can be produced in an extremely small size by using the shape and size of the slot on the patch radiating element and utilizing the electromagnetic coupling effect between the patch radiating element and the two asymmetric ground planes. 2· 27~2· 62 GHz, 5·11 ～5·54 GHz and 6·45~7·64 GHz Three-band operation antenna characteristics, this antenna can provide wireless local area network 2 4 GHz/5· 25 Application requirements for GHz band operation and c-band mobile communication. [Prior Art] In recent years, due to the rapid development of wireless communication technology and the increasing demand for related product functions and immobilization, various convenience wireless communication products have been introduced and improved. However, the important common feature of Weixin's products is that wireless data is used to transmit various types of data between devices. Therefore, the use of day and line components is necessary and important. In addition to the features of light and short, easy to carry and low power consumption, the antennas installed on these devices must have a sufficient operating frequency of 200803052 degrees to be effective. In addition, considering the cost and practicality, the use of wireless communication devices with the same frequency has become the main trend of the current development. However, the integration of different wireless communication modules into the same device makes the use of the antenna difficult. Because of the integration of wireless communication systems, Inma's single-mode, small-size, low-cost single-band operation with good radiation characteristics (such as polarity, gain, and radiation field) The antenna structure, which is easy to integrate with the system circuit, will greatly benefit the simplification of the wireless communication device, the cost reduction and the market acceptance I. As far as antenna design is concerned, the antenna designs that can be applied to wireless communication devices with small size, high frequency width and multi-frequency operation are mostly implemented by means of printed circuits. The main reason is that printed antennas are light, thin and integrated circuit circuits. Good compatibility and easy to obtain different resonant frequencies and sufficient operating bandwidth when materials and shapes are properly arranged and designed. The conventional method for exciting a plurality of resonant modes of an antenna is mainly to form a slot on a planar radiator or to use a plurality of monopole and dipole microstrip lines to generate corresponding frequency bands. One-quarter or one-half-wavelength current paths, or the use of stacking, double-tuned, or the use of spiral or Vivaldi antennas; the common design techniques for reducing antenna size are: Using a high dielectric constant substrate, adding a suitable resistance/reactive load between the radiating body element and the ground plane, and adding a shorting pin to the edge of the radiating body element to adjust the boundary conditions so that the resonance of the antenna is smaller than the half wavelength of the waveguide, changing Radiation of the main body shape to increase the electrical length (200803052: - or combined with the above conditions; and the common techniques for increasing the antenna bandwidth are the use of thicker and lower " electrical coefficient of the substrate, slot surface (S 〇t C〇Up〗 ing) Feeding method, multi-layer stacking structure and microstrip feed line or coplanar waveguide feed line impedance matching. It is not easy to integrate the above-mentioned antenna design techniques to design an antenna with small size, wide bandwidth and multi-band resonance. Therefore, the conventional antenna product design currently on the market often increases the manufacturing cost and the difficulty of combining with the system circuit 10 due to the complicated structure, or reduces the transmission efficiency due to insufficient bandwidth or gain in multi-frequency operation, and the size of the antenna. Too large reduces the mobility of the communication device, which in turn reduces the commercial value of the product. Therefore, in this case, we have researched and developed the layout technology of the antenna structure. A slot-type square patch single dipole antenna design using a coplanar waveguide feeding technique with extremely small size, wide bandwidth and tri-band operation is proposed. It can not only provide the demand for the repair of the scale _ road 2.4/525 GH ^ c frequency band communication 'at the same time, because the antenna is only printed on the single-layer conductor surface of the microwave substrate, the invention has a very small size, the secret is The combination of roads, low planes and simple structure is of great commercial value. 200803052 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide an innovative design of a single-dipole antenna with small-scale coplanar waveguide feeding and tri-band operation functions, which can easily obtain three different resonances through structural fine adjustment. The broadband effect corresponding to the frequency band and each frequency band, and the need for wireless local area network 2.4/5.25 GHz dual-band and C-band mobile communication applications. The antenna of the present invention comprises: a microwave substrate Η having an upper conductor surface 111; a coplanar waveguide transmission unit 12 printed on the surface of the upper conductor of the microwave substrate, and the two ground planes of the coplanar waveguide are respectively a thin slot line The distance of the width of 122 is asymmetrically arranged on both sides of the central bending type microstrip line 123, the left side is a one-type grounding surface 121, and the right side is an inverted L-shaped grounding surface 124 (including a vertical grounding section 1241 and a horizontal connection) Section 1242), such a ground plane arrangement is different from the conventional coplanar waveguide transmission unit using two identical ground planes, which is an innovative design. The centrally folded waveguide of the coplanar waveguide has a sinusoidal microstrip line 123 comprising, from bottom to top, a lower vertical microstrip line 1231, a horizontal microstrip line segment 1232 and an upper vertical microstrip line segment 1233. The bottom end 13 of the centrally bent microstrip line 123 is an antenna signal feed end. The top end of the bent microstrip line 123 is connected to a square patch radiating element 14 having a slot (141) embedded in the upper left edge for transmitting signals. The square patch radiating element 14 in which the slot of the antenna of the present invention is embedded is the main part of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna. The size reduction effect of the antenna of the present invention can be achieved by the bending mode of the bent open circuit slot embedded in the coplanar waveguide transmission unit and the insertion of the square patch radiation element into the slot; and the resonance point of the 200803052 antenna is The structural arrangement of the square patch radiating element and the ground plane of the coplanar waveguide thus embedded in the slot and the mutual electromagnetic coupling of the two are adjusted. The entire structure of the present invention is printed only on the upper conductor surface 111 of a microwave substrate li, and the antenna can be easily combined with the hardware circuit of the system. At the same time, the structure of the antenna is simple and the size is very small. In addition to solving the problem that the conventional single dipole antenna and the system circuit are not easily integrated, the difficulty and cost of the antenna fabrication are also reduced, and the industrial application value is extremely high. 200803052 Embodiment 1 The layout of the embodiment 4′ actually fabricated by the antenna of the present invention is as shown in the first figure, and the measurement results of the embodiment are illustrated in FIG. 2 to FIG. 6; wherein the antenna substrate 11 uses a surface guide periphery. FR4 microwave substrate with an area of only 9 (width) X 20 (height) square mm, a thickness of 1.6 mm, a dielectric constant of 4. 4; a central fold of a 50 ohm coplanar waveguide transmission unit • a type 4 microstrip line 123 The bottom-up dimension is · the lower vertical microstrip leading edge segment 1231 is 2 mm (width) χ 5 5 mm (height), and the horizontal microstrip wire segment 1232 is 3 mm (width) χ 1·5 gong The PCT (high) and upper vertical microstrip wire segments 1233 are 1.5 mm (width) χ 4 mm (鬲); the width of the groove line 122 between the two ground planes and the centrally bent microstrip line is 0· 5 mm; the width and height of the first ground plane 121 on the left side of the centrally bent microstrip line of the coplanar waveguide are 4 mm and 35 mm, respectively; and the second ground plane 124 on the right side of the central bent microstrip line The widths of the vertical grounding section 1241 and the horizontal grounding section 1242 are 2 mm Χ7·5 mm and 5 mm χ1·5 mm, respectively; the top of the centrally bent microstrip line 123 is The square patch radiating element 14 with the slot embedded therein has an outer opening size of 9 mm (〇χΐ2 mm (height), and the long slot I" which is immersed in the horizontal width is 7 mm' vertical degree For 〇5 mm, the slot is embedded by the left side of the illuminating element. The upper edge of the radiant element is embedded at 1·5 mm. The second figure is the reflection loss of the antenna embodiment of the present invention (re_ _ brain fruit, which can be observed) The antenna does produce tri-band operation, and the optimal resonant frequencies of the first, second, and third resonant bands fall at 2.43 GHz, 5.23 GHz, and 7.14 GHz, respectively. The impedance distribution below -·_ is from 2·27 GHz to 2.62 GHz, the operating bandwidth is up to the current hall, or the transmission frequency of the 200803052 should be better than the bandwidth percentage of 14·4%; In the frequency band part, the impedance below -10dB is thinned from 5.11 GHz to 5.54 GHz, the operating bandwidth is 430 # MHz, or the bandwidth corresponding to the optimum resonant frequency is 8.2%; and in the third In the r-band portion of the spectrum, the impedance distribution below _10dB can be from 6.45 GHz to 7.64 GHz, the operating bandwidth is 1190 MHz, or the bandwidth percentage corresponding to the optimum resonant frequency is 16.7%. The operating frequency range generated by this antenna design covers the wireless local area network 2_ 4 GHz (2·4~2· 484 GHz) and the 5.25 GHz frequency band (5·15~5·35 GHz) and C-band • Application requirements for mobile communications (6·875~7·125 GHz). The second, fourth and fifth diagrams are the second diagram layout examples at the best resonant frequencies of 2.43 GHz, 5.23 GHz and 7.14 GHz. Radiati〇n pattern measurement results. The results show that there is a similar plane of polarization in this tri-band operating band. The sixth figure is the measurement result of the antenna gain operation in the two operating frequency bands of 2 43 GHz, 5 and 7.14 GHz in the second picture layout embodiment, and the result shows the antenna gain in the three resonance frequency bands. They are distributed in the range of 16~31 dBi, 3.9~5·9 dBi and 5·9~7·4 dBi. According to the above, the three antennas of the present invention cover a sufficient bandwidth, and have a good radiation field type and antenna gain, which is very suitable for the practical application of the communication related industry, and is in line with the goal of invention creation. The above-mentioned syllabus and its sisters, rather than the limitations of the syllabus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 200803052 [Simple description of the drawings] The first figure is a structural diagram of an embodiment of the antenna of the present invention. * The second figure is the result of the reflection loss measurement of the antenna embodiment of the present invention. The third figure is a measurement of the radiation field type of the antenna embodiment operating at a resonant frequency of 2.43 GHz. The fourth figure is a measurement result of the radiation field type of the antenna embodiment operating at a resonance frequency of 5·23 GHz. The fifth figure is a radiation field type measurement result of the antenna embodiment of the present invention operating at a resonance frequency of 7·14 GHz. The sixth figure is an antenna gain measurement result of the antenna embodiments of the present invention operating in the 2.43 GHz, 5.23 GHz, and 7.14 GHz bands.
12 200803052 【主要元件符號說明】 1 ··本發明之一種小型共面波導饋入式三頻單偽極天線一實施例 η :微波基板 111 :微赛基板上層導電表面/ 12 :共面波導傳輸單元 121 :共面波導的第一接地面 122 ··共面波導的槽線： _ 123 :共面波導的中央折彎型微帶線 1231 :共面波導的中央折彎型微帶線之下垂直段 1232 :共面波導的中央折彎型微帶線之水平段 1233 :共面波導的中央折彎型微帶線之上垂直段 124 :共面波導的第二接地面 1241 :共面波導的第二接地面之垂直接地段 1242 :共面波導的第二接地面之水平接地段 • 13 :健饋人端 \ -14:方形貼片輻射元 141 :嵌入貼片輻射元之槽孔 1312 200803052 [Description of main component symbols] 1 · A small coplanar waveguide feed-in tri-band single-pseudo-polar antenna of the present invention η: microwave substrate 111: micro-synchronous substrate upper conductive surface / 12: coplanar waveguide transmission Unit 121: first ground plane 122 of the coplanar waveguide ·· slot line of the coplanar waveguide: _ 123 : centrally bent microstrip line 1231 of the coplanar waveguide: under the centrally bent microstrip line of the coplanar waveguide Vertical segment 1232: horizontal segment 1233 of the centrally bent microstrip line of the coplanar waveguide: vertical segment of the centrally bent microstrip line of the coplanar waveguide 124: second ground plane 1241 of the coplanar waveguide: coplanar waveguide The vertical grounding section 1242 of the second grounding surface: the horizontal grounding section of the second grounding surface of the coplanar waveguide • 13: the power feeding terminal\-14: the square patch radiating element 141: the slot 13 embedded in the patch radiating element