200537035 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關於一種如滾珠導件、滾輪導件、球體栓 槽以及球體襯套等滾動機械元件，特別是有關於一種機械 元件’爲藉由在導塊（滾珠導件、滾輪導件等情況）或是外 筒（球體栓槽、球體襯套等情況）之軌道面端部上形成作爲 基礎的橢圓形之冠狀件，即使在該冠狀件端部附近部分， 在滾動體上作用有較多的負荷，仍可躍進式地提升負荷能 力、剛性以及精度。 【先前技術】 如第9圖所示，滾珠導件丨係爲一種被構成爲可使導 塊2在軌道3上於箭頭方向A或是箭頭方向b移動之構 件，其中，在導塊2內之中，作爲滾動體之一例的多數滾 珠4爲以整列狀態而進行循環滾動，藉由使位在軌道面長 度It範圍內之滾珠4接觸至軌道3之軌道面3a以及導塊 2之軌道面2a，而形成爲得以支撐作用在導塊2上之外部 荷重。 滾輪導件、球體栓槽以及球體襯套等，雖仍構成以相 同的滾動體進行循環滾動，不過，亦可構成爲如同自滑滾 珠（Ball Slide )或是交插式滾子（cross roller)之滾動 體並未成循環狀的構造。 無論是何種構造，在該等滾動機械元件中，在軌道面 兩端部上爲以何種方式安裝冠狀件者，係乃足以決定移動 精度或是壽命等所有性能的重要因素（非專利文獻一）。 200537035 然而，過去的冠狀件2b爲如第1 0圖所示，冠狀件長度 (由冠狀件起點〇至冠狀件端點a爲止的長度）爲形成Xr、 冠狀件之逸脫量爲形成Xe，在冠狀件起點〇上，爲設定 成以半徑R之圓弧5作爲基礎而與軌道面2a連接。此外， 該種半徑R係爲以公式一所表示，圓弧5則是以公式二所 表示。 【公式一】 n _ Xr+Xl 【公式二】 x2+(y-R)2^ R2 由於忠實地形成圓弧5的結果，隨之而來的將造成製 造成本的上昇，因此實際上爲如第1 1圖所示，係一面將 圓弧5作爲基礎、一面僅以冠狀件起點〇與冠狀件端點2 c 之冠狀件逸脫量Xe之量額來與逸脫點a連結而倒角成直 線狀，或是如第1 2圖所示，由冠狀件起點〇開始分別將 圓弧5上的點d、點c、點b以及點a設爲頂點而形成爲 多角型形狀。 不過，在圓弧冠狀件之情況下，如第1 0圖所示，相對 於來自冠狀件起點〇之距離X的冠狀件逸脫量λχ，微由 於距離X縮短時形成爲較大狀，因此，相對於位在平坦狀 軌道面2a之滾珠4所承受的荷重，爲在冠狀件長度Xr範 圍內之滾珠4之負荷的比例（負荷率）爲形成較低狀。 亦即，此係意味著位在軌道面長度11內之滾珠4無法 200537035 充分的發揮其作用之意，在提高負荷容量、剛性以及精度 方面’爲必須將冠狀件之形狀變更設定成以不同於圓弧形 狀之其他形狀來作爲基礎。 〔非專利文獻一〕淸水茂夫：有關於直動滾珠導件系 統之負荷分布與精度、剛性之硏究，精密工學會誌，5 8、 11(1992)〇 〔非專利文獻二〕淸水茂夫：有關於直動滾珠軸承之 基本定額負載，日本摩擦學會（Japanese Society of Tribologists)，44、11(1999) ° 〔非專利文獻三〕淸水茂夫：直動滾動導引元件之動 負荷容量，廣濟堂印刷（ 1 999)24。 【發明內容】 〔發明所欲解決之課題〕 本發明係用以消除上述之習知技術的缺點所提出者， 其目的在於提供如下所述之滾動機械元件，該種滾動機械 元件爲具備有已形成軌道面的第一構件，以及將該第一構 件經由滾動體來安裝、構成爲可將該第一構件於指定的方 向進行導引的第二構件，藉由使滾動體以整列狀態出入於 軌道面，而使第一構件構成爲可在第二構件之導引方向進 行移動，其中，藉由在形成滾動體之出入點的第一構件之 軌道面的端部上形成將橢圓形作爲基礎的冠狀件，而使位 在冠狀件範圍內之滾動體之負荷率提升、且增高滾動機械 元件之負荷容量、剛性以及精度。 此外，其他目的係爲在上述構造中，在成爲滾動體之 200537035 出入點的第一構件之軌道面之端面上，形成將指定之冠狀 體逸脫量設爲短軸之橢圓形作爲基礎的冠狀件，藉此，當 作用有以規格或是形式等所訂定之最大放射狀荷重時，作 用在位於冠狀件端部之滾動體的滾動體荷重爲剛好形成爲 0値，此外，藉此爲將滾動體之負荷率維持成較高狀，同 時爲可進行相對於軌道面負荷圈之滾動體之滑順的進入與 送出。 再者，其他目的係爲在上述構造中，於第一構件之軌 道面之端部上，將指定冠狀件之逸脫量作爲短軸的橢圓設 爲基礎，藉由形成以該橢圓上之多數點作爲頂點之多角型 形狀之冠狀件，而可容易進行冠狀件之加工，且減低用以 提高負荷容量、剛性以及精度之滾動機械元件之製造成 本° 〔用以解決課題之手段〕 據此，本發明（申請專利範圍第1項）係爲，一種滾動機 械元件，爲具備有已形成軌道面的第一構件，以及將該第 一構件經由滾動體來安裝、構成爲可將該第一構件於指定 的方向進行導引的第二構件；藉由使滾動體以整列狀態出 入於軌道面，而使前述第一構件構成爲可在前述第二構件 之導引方向進行移動，其特徵在於：在形成滾動體之出入 點的前述第一構件之軌道面的端部上形成將橢圓形作爲基 礎的冠狀件。 此外’本發明（申請專利範圍第2項）係爲，一種滾動機 械元件’爲具備有已形成軌道面的第一構件，以及將該第 -9- 200537035 一構件經由滾動體來安裝、構成爲可將該第一構件於指定 的方向進行導引的第二構件；藉由使滾動體以整列狀態出 入於軌道面，而使前述第一構件構成爲可在前述第二構件 2導引方向進行移動，其特徵在於：在形成前述滾動體之 出Λ點的前述第一構件之軌道面之端部上，形成將指定之 冠狀體逸脫量設爲短軸之橢圓形作爲基礎的冠狀件。 此外’本發明（申請專利範圍第3項）係爲，一種滾動機 械元件’爲具備有已形成軌道面的第一構件，以及將該第 一構件經由滾動體來安裝、構成爲可將該第一構件於指定 的方向進行導引的第二構件；藉由使滾動體以整列狀態出 入於軌道面，而使前述第一構件構成爲可在前述第二構件 之導引方向進行移動，其特徵在於：於形成前述滾動體之 出入點的前述第一構件之軌道面之端部上，將指定冠狀件 之逸脫量作爲短軸的橢圓設爲基礎，形成以該橢圓上之多 數點作爲頂點之多角型形狀之冠狀件。 【實施方式】 以下，將本發明依據圖面所示之實施例進行說明。有 關本發明之第一實施例的滾動機械元件1 0係爲，在第i 圖中，爲具備有已形成軌道面1 4之作爲第一構件之一例 的導塊1 1，以及將該導塊1 1經由作爲滾動體之一例的滾 珠13來安裝、構成爲可將該導塊11於指定的方向進行導 引之作爲第二構件的軌道1 2 ;藉由使該滾珠1 3以整列狀 態出入於導塊1 1之軌道面1 4，而使前述導塊i i構成爲 可在前述軌道1 2之導引方向進行移動，例如爲一種滾珠 -10- 200537035 導件，在形成滾珠13之出入點的導塊u之軌道面I#之 端部上’爲形成有將指定之冠狀件逸脫量之橢圓1 5作 爲基礎的冠狀件14a。 將冠狀件之起點〇設爲原點，將軌道面1 4方向設爲x 軸、將導塊1 1之高度方向設爲y軸後，由長軸（冠狀件逸 脫寬度）Xr、短軸（冠狀件逸脫量）而將橢圓15之方程式 以公式三來表示。 【公式三】200537035 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to a rolling mechanical element such as a ball guide, a roller guide, a ball bolt groove, and a ball bushing, and particularly to a mechanical element An elliptical crown is formed on the end of the track surface of a guide block (ball guide, roller guide, etc.) or an outer cylinder (ball plug groove, ball bushing, etc.), even if the crown Near the end of the piece, there is more load on the rolling element, and the load capacity, rigidity, and accuracy can still be improved in a stepwise manner. [Prior art] As shown in FIG. 9, the ball guide 丨 is a member configured to move the guide block 2 on the track 3 in the arrow direction A or the arrow direction b. Among them, in the guide block 2 Among them, most of the balls 4 as an example of rolling bodies are cyclically rolled in an entire row, and the balls 4 located within the range of the track surface length It are brought into contact with the track surface 3a of the track 3 and the track surface of the guide block 2. 2a, and is formed to support an external load acting on the guide block 2. Although the roller guide, the ball bolt groove, and the ball bushing still constitute the same rolling body for cyclic rolling, it can also be constituted as a Ball Slide or a cross roller. The rolling elements do not have a circular structure. Regardless of the structure, in which rolling crowns are mounted on both ends of the track surface in such rolling mechanical elements, it is an important factor that determines all performances such as movement accuracy and life (non-patent literature) One). 200537035 However, in the past, the crown 2b is as shown in Fig. 10, the length of the crown (the length from the beginning of the crown 0 to the end of the crown) is Xr, and the escape amount of the crown is Xe. At the starting point 0 of the crown, it is connected to the track surface 2a based on the arc 5 having a radius R as a base. In addition, this kind of radius R is represented by Formula 1, and arc 5 is represented by Formula 2. [Formula 1] n _ Xr + Xl [Formula 2] x2 + (yR) 2 ^ R2 As a result of the faithful formation of arc 5, the subsequent increase in manufacturing costs will result in the fact that it is as shown in Section 1 1 As shown in the figure, the arc 5 is used as a base, and the crown is only connected to the escape point a by the amount of the crown escape Xe of the crown 0 and the endpoint 2 c of the crown to be chamfered into a straight line. Or, as shown in FIG. 12, starting from the starting point 0 of the crown, the points d, c, b, and a on the arc 5 are set as vertexes to form a polygonal shape. However, in the case of an arc-shaped crown, as shown in Fig. 10, the escape amount λχ of the crown relative to the distance X from the origin 0 of the crown is slightly larger as the distance X is shortened, so The ratio (load ratio) of the load on the ball 4 on the flat track surface 2a to the load of the ball 4 in the range of the crown length Xr is relatively low. That is to say, this means that the ball 4 located within the length 11 of the track surface can not fully play its role 200537035, and in terms of improving the load capacity, rigidity and accuracy, 'the shape of the crown must be changed to be different from The other shapes of the arc shape are used as the basis. [Non-Patent Document 1] Shimizu Shimizu: Research on the Load Distribution, Precision, and Rigidity of the Linear Ball Guide System, Journal of the Precision Engineering Society, 5 8, 11 (1992). [Non-Patent Document 2] Xishui Shigeru: Basic fixed load of linear motion ball bearings, Japanese Society of Tribologists, 44, 11 (1999) ° [Non-Patent Document 3] Shigeru Shigeru: Dynamic load capacity of straight-moving rolling guide element , Guangjitang Printing (1,999) 24. [Summary of the Invention] [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The present invention aims to eliminate the shortcomings of the conventional technology described above, and aims to provide a rolling mechanical element as described below. The first member forming the track surface, and the second member that is mounted through the rolling elements and is configured as a second member that can guide the first member in a specified direction, and the rolling elements are moved in and out in a row. The track surface, and the first member is configured to be movable in the guide direction of the second member, wherein an ellipse is used as a base by forming an end of the track surface of the first member that forms an entry point of the rolling body. The crown-like pieces increase the load rate of the rolling elements within the range of the crown-like pieces, and increase the load capacity, rigidity and accuracy of the rolling mechanical elements. In addition, the other purpose is to form a crown on the end face of the track surface of the first member that becomes the 200537035 access point of the rolling body in the above-mentioned structure, with the ellipse whose specified escape amount of the coronal body is set as the short axis. Therefore, when the maximum radial load defined by specifications or forms is applied, the rolling body load acting on the rolling body at the end of the crown is formed to exactly 0 値, and in addition, it is The load rate of the rolling elements is maintained at a high level, and at the same time, the rolling elements can smoothly enter and send out with respect to the track surface load ring. Furthermore, the other purpose is to set the ellipse with the escape amount of the crown as the short axis on the end of the orbital surface of the first member as the basis in the above-mentioned structure by forming a majority on the ellipse. Points are crown-shaped crowns with vertices, which can easily process the crowns and reduce the manufacturing cost of rolling mechanical elements to improve load capacity, rigidity, and accuracy. [Methods to solve the problem] Based on this, The present invention (item 1 of the scope of patent application) is a rolling machine element including a first member having a formed track surface, and the first member is mounted through a rolling body, and is configured so that the first member The second member is guided in a specified direction; the rolling element is moved in and out on the track surface, so that the first member is configured to be movable in the guiding direction of the second member, and is characterized by: A crown-shaped member having an oval shape as a base is formed on an end portion of the track surface of the first member forming the entry point of the rolling body. In addition, the present invention (item 2 of the scope of patent application) refers to a rolling machine element, which is a first member provided with a formed track surface, and the 9th-200537035 one member is mounted through a rolling body and configured as A second member that can guide the first member in a specified direction; and the rolling members can be put in and out of the track surface in an aligned state, so that the first member can be configured to be guided in the second member 2 guiding direction. The movement is characterized in that a crown is formed on the end of the orbital surface of the first member forming the Λ point of the rolling body, with an ellipse having a specified amount of escape of the crown as a short axis as a base. In addition, the present invention (item 3 of the scope of patent application) is that a rolling machine element is a first member provided with a formed track surface, and the first member is mounted through a rolling body, and is configured so that the first A second member guided by a member in a specified direction; the first member is configured to be movable in the guide direction of the second member by allowing the rolling elements to enter and exit the track surface in an aligned state. The method is based on forming an ellipse with the escape amount of the crown as the short axis on the end of the track surface of the first member forming the entry point of the rolling body, and forming a plurality of points on the ellipse as vertices. Polygonal crown. [Embodiment] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on an embodiment shown in the drawings. The rolling machine element 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention is, in the i-th figure, a guide block 11 having an example of a first member having a track surface 14 formed thereon, and the guide block 1 1 is mounted via a ball 13 as an example of a rolling element, and is configured as a track 12 serving as a second member that can guide the guide block 11 in a specified direction; the ball 13 is moved in and out as a whole On the track surface 14 of the guide block 11, the aforementioned guide block ii is configured to be movable in the guide direction of the aforementioned track 12, for example, a ball-10-200537035 guide member, forming the entry point of the ball 13 On the end of the track surface I # of the guide block u is a crown 14a formed on the basis of an ellipse 15 with a specified crown escape amount. Set the starting point of the crown as the origin, set the direction of the track surface 14 as the x-axis, and set the height direction of the guide block 11 as the y-axis. Then, use the long axis (the crown escape width) Xr and the short axis. (The amount of escape of the crown) and the equation of the ellipse 15 is expressed by Equation 3. [Formula 3]
雖可將冠狀離脫寬度Xr之長度設定爲任意値，不過， 在設定至軌道面14之中央附近處後，軌道面長度It之略 全部範圍係被冠狀化，換言之，爲形成完全冠狀化狀態， 剛性與壽命雖然降低，不過，係可判斷導引精度爲大幅度 的提升、摩擦阻抗爲大幅減少之狀態。 爲了與習知之圓弧冠狀件進行比較，在第1圖中，雖 然顯示有連結冠狀件開始點〇與冠狀件端點a之半徑R的 圓弧16，不過，在將以橢圓15作爲基礎之冠狀件14a與 圓弧1 6進行比較後，冠狀件開始點〇與冠狀件端點a之 爲智雖爲呈現共通狀，不過仍以冠狀件1 4a之一方於朝向 y軸原點方向之突起呈現較大狀，該種突起將形成使滾珠 13之負荷率提升。 其次，有關本發明之第二實施例的滾動機械元件20係 爲，在第2圖至第4圖中’爲具備有已形成軌道面24之 作爲第一構件之一例的導塊2 1，以及將該導塊2 1經由作 -1卜 200537035 爲滾動體之一例的滾珠13來安裝、構成爲可將該導塊21 於指定的方向進行導引之作爲第二構件的軌道22 ;藉由 使該滾珠1 3以整列狀態出入於導塊2 1之軌道面24，而 使導塊2 1構成爲可在軌道22之導引方向進行移動，例如 爲一種滾珠導件，在形成滾珠1 3之出入點的前述導塊2 1 之軌道面24之端部上，形成將指定之冠狀體逸脫量λ e設 爲短軸之橢圓15作爲基礎，形成將該橢圓15上之多數點 a、b、c、〇設爲頂點之多角型形狀的冠狀件2 4 a。 有關於形成冠狀件24之基礎的橢圓15，係與本發明之 第一實施例相同，此外，頂點並未被限定在點a、b、c、 〇之四處，亦可多於該等點數或是少於該等點數。 滾動機械元件係爲，例如爲一種滾珠導件，因此如同 第4圖所示，爲在導塊11之兩端上安裝有端板25，藉由 將該端板25內通過滾珠1 3而將該滾珠1 3形成爲在導塊 1 1內進行循環滾動。 本發明係被構成爲如上所述，以下，針對其作用進行 說明。針對於在有關本發明之第二實施例之滾動機械元件 20中之導塊21的作用進行說明，如第4圖所示，由於在 於導塊21與軌道2 2之間爲夾設有滾珠13，因此，相對 於被固定之軌道22，爲可將導塊21自由地在軌道22之 導引方向、以及爲箭頭C或是箭頭D方向進行移動。此 時，滾珠13係爲在導塊21內爲於箭頭G或是箭頭Η方 向進行循環移動。 當在導塊21上作用有基本定額負載之1/2放射狀荷重 200537035 F之情況下，在冠狀件24a以外的軌道面24方面，於該軌 道面2 4、滚珠1 3以及軌道2 2之間，爲產生有與冠狀件 逸脫量λ E相同量額之變形。 當將該滾珠13前進於箭頭Η方向、進入至冠狀件24a 之範圍後，由於爲靠近冠狀件端部而減逐漸減少滾珠荷 重’在到達冠狀件端部時，滾珠荷重爲明確的形成爲〇値， 而朝箭頭Η方向前進。滾珠荷重在冠狀件端部爲形成〇 値者，係由於藉由放射狀荷重F而使導塊1 1僅下降冠狀 件逸脫量λ e、且在冠狀件端部中之軌道面24與軌道22 之間的縫隙爲形成等於滾珠徑値之故。 相反的，當滾珠1 3沿著箭頭G方向前進而來時，當滾 珠1 3到達冠狀件端部時，滾珠荷重係爲〇値，不過，隨 著繼續前進滾珠荷重將逐漸增加，於冠狀件起點處滾珠荷 重係形成爲最大値，維持該種狀態而滾動軌道面24。此 時的軌道面24、滾珠13以及軌道22間變形量係爲與冠 狀件逸脫量2e相同的量額。 以國際標準化機構（ISO)所規定之壽命計算式，係爲適 用在同樣以ISO所制定之公式所求得之基本動定格荷重之 1/2以下的放射狀荷重下。 從而，若是賦予有相當於該種基本動定格荷重之1/2的 放射狀荷重下之滾珠變形量的冠狀件逸脫量2 e時，即使 是在作用有該種放射狀荷重之情況下，由於包含冠狀件24a 之軌道面24整體爲與滾珠13接觸，因此爲可獲得充分的 負荷容量，此外，由於在冠狀件端部上之軌道面24與軌 -13- 200537035 道22之間的間隙爲與滾珠徑値相等，因此，朝向軌道面24 之滾珠1 3的進出動作將形成爲圓滑狀。 在此’於滾珠導件中之冠狀件係爲將圓弧冠狀件、放 射線冠狀件、以及橢圓冠狀件之情況下的計算例揭示於表 一。作爲5十算條件’爲設定如下：滾珠徑値D w = 6 · 3 5 m m、 冠狀件逸脫量Ae=0.023228mm、適合係數 f(=軌道面半 徑R/滾珠徑値Dw)=0.52、圓弧冠狀件中之圓的半徑R = 8 6 7.98 3mm，設定成作用有基本動定格荷重c之1/2之放 射狀荷重F之物。 【表一】 圓弧/放射線冠狀件 橢圓冠狀件 在表1中之第一列係爲，在第1圖中，爲由冠狀件起 點0至X軸方向之距離以及橢圓1 5之長軸（冠狀件寬度）Xr 之比，係爲無因次量（dimensionless quantity)。第二列 與第三列則爲表示有關習知例之圓弧冠狀件以及放射線冠 狀件之情況，第四列與第五列則爲表示有關本發明之橢圓 冠狀件之情況。第二列與第四列係爲表示由冠狀件起點〇 至y軸方向之距離λ X，第三列與第五列則爲表示滾珠之 負荷率（1 一 λ X / λ 〇1 — 5。此外，由於圓弧冠狀件與放射 線冠狀線係爲二次式，且距離λ X係與有效數字之範圍一 致、負荷率亦爲一致狀之故，因此在相同欄中記載。 負荷率係爲滾珠位在冠狀件部時之滾珠荷重、以及位 在非唯冠狀部之軌道面時之滾珠荷重間之比，冠狀件起點 0係形成爲1，由於在冠狀件端a上之滾珠荷重爲形成0 200537035 値，故而負荷率亦形成爲0値。 由表一可知，橢圓冠狀件之情況下的負荷率係爲’冠 狀件寬度X / Xr = 0.5係爲8 0 · 6% ’即使在與圓弧冠狀件 以及放射線冠狀件之65 %相較之下，可知負荷率係爲較高 値。將此狀態揭示在線狀圖後’係形成爲如同第5圖所示。 ①係爲表示圓弧冠狀件之情況’②係爲表示橢圓冠狀件 之情況。在縱軸上表示距離λ X的下側之線形圖係爲直接 呈現冠狀件之形狀之圖。而在橢圓冠狀件這一方面，爲可 得知僅有冠狀件面積之量額於下方處呈現出較圓弧冠狀件 向上隆起狀。 此外，在觀察於縱軸上表示負荷率之上側線形圖後， 可得知僅有冠狀件面積之量額在負荷率方面爲較圓弧冠狀 件之情況下更爲提升。 在第6圖中，爲在橫軸上擷取適當係數f，分別將縱軸 表示爲基本定額負載C、將已作用有該種基本定額負載C 之1/2之放射荷重時的滾珠荷重設爲Qc、將冠狀件逸脫 量設爲Ae、將已作用有滾珠荷重設爲Qc時之變形量設爲 (5 QC、且分別表示最大赫茲應力σ max以及滾珠徑値Dw/ 冠狀件逸脫量Ae。計算條件係爲，軌道面長度It = 72mm、 滾珠徑値Dw= 6.35mm、滾珠列數it= 2列，而所謂的接 觸角α = 45 °係意味著滾珠與軌道面爲相對於放射荷重之 作用方向爲傾斜接觸4 5 ° 。 由第6圖之最下側的線狀圖可知，相對於適當係數f = 0.5 1至0·55，滾珠徑値Dw與冠狀件逸脫量；L e間之比例 200537035 係形成爲270至290。 其次，當滾動機械元件1 〇係爲滾輪導件之情況下，爲 將冠狀件之計算例揭示於表二。作爲計算條件，滚輪徑値 Dw = 6.3 5 mm、滾輪長度L w = 6.3 5 mm、冠狀件逸脫量λ e =0.0 1 6829mm、滾輪有效長度夕數fL(=滾輪有限長度 Lwe/滾輪長度Lw) = 0.7、且圓弧冠狀件中之圓的半徑R = 1198.015mm，並且設定成作用有基本定額負載c之1/2 的放射線荷重F之物。 【表二】 圓弧/放射線冠狀件 橢圓冠狀件 表二之各列所代表之涵義係與表一相同。由表二可知， 橢圓冠狀件之情況下的負荷率係爲。冠狀件寬度x/Xr = 0.5、且爲85.2%，即使與圓弧冠狀件以及放射線冠狀件 之72·6%相較之下，仍可得知負荷率形成爲較高狀。將此 種情況以線狀圖表示後，係形成爲如第7圖所示之狀態。 與第5圖相同的，①係爲表示圓弧冠狀件之情況，②係 爲表示橢圓冠狀件之情況。在縱軸上表示距離λ X的下側 之線形圖係爲直接呈現冠狀件之形狀之圖。而在橢圓冠狀 件這一方面，爲可得知僅有冠狀件面積之量額於下方處呈 現出較圓弧冠狀件向上隆起狀。 此外，在觀察於縱軸上表示負荷率之上側線形圖後， 可得知僅有冠狀件面積之量額在負荷率方面爲較圓弧冠狀 件之情況下更爲提升。 在第8圖中，爲在橫軸上擷取滾輪有效長度係數fL， -16- 200537035 分別將縱軸表示爲基本定額負載c、將已作用有該種基本 定額負載C之1/2之放射荷重時的滾珠荷重設爲Qc、將 冠狀件逸脫量設爲；I e、將已作用有滾珠荷重設爲Qc時之 變形量設爲（5QC、且分別表示最大赫茲應力amax以及滾 珠徑値Dw/冠狀件逸脫量λ e。計算條件係爲，軌道面長 度lt= 72mm、滾珠徑値Dw= 6.35mm、滾珠列數it = 2歹ij， 接觸角α = 45 。 由第6圖之最下側的線狀圖可知，相對於滾輪有效長 度係數f = 0.6至0.9，滾珠徑値Dw與冠狀件逸脫量λ e 間之比例係形成爲3 3 0至4 6 0。 此外，在上述實施例中，雖然將滾動機械元件10、20 作爲滾珠導件來進行說明，不過並非限定於此，例如，亦 可爲滾輪導件、球體栓槽、球體襯套等滾動機械元件。藉 由軌道或軸所達成之導引方向並非限定在直線方向，亦可 如同R型導件般地彎曲軌道。 專胴體並非僅限定在滾珠，亦可爲圓筒滾輪、針狀滾 輪、球面滾輪或是圓錐滾輪等各式各樣的形式。此外，滾 動體並非僅限定在導塊或是外筒內進行循環滾動之構件， 亦可爲如同交插式滾子或是自滑滾珠之以旋轉自如之狀態 安裝於軌道或是保持器上。 當滾動體爲具有一定之接觸角、且構成爲與導塊以及 軌道接觸之情況下，冠狀件逸脫量λ e係爲亦可藉由該接 觸角方向之滾動體的彈性變形量來訂定。 【發明功效】 -17- 200537035 本發明係爲，一種滾動機械元件，爲具備有已形成有如 上所述之軌道面的第一構件，以及將該第一構件經由滾動 β 體來安裝、構成爲可將該第一構件於指定的方向進行導引 的第二構件；藉由使滾動體以整列狀態出入於軌道面，而 使弟一*構件構成爲可在弟一構件之導引方向進彳了移動’其 中，在形成滾動體之出入點的第一構件之軌道面的端部 上，由於係形成有將橢圓形作爲基礎的冠狀件，爲可使位 在冠狀件範圍內之滾動體的負荷率提升，因此，爲具有可 提高滾動機械元件之負荷容量、剛性以及精度之效果。 · 此外，在上述構造中，在成爲滾動體之出入點的第一 構件之軌道面之端面上，形成將指定之冠狀體逸脫量設爲 短軸之橢圓形作爲基礎的冠狀件，藉此，當作用有以規格 或是形式等所訂定之最大放射狀荷重時，作用在位於冠狀 件端部之滾動體的滾動體荷重爲剛好形成爲0値，此外， 其結果爲可將滾動體之負荷率維持成較高狀，同時爲可進 行相對於軌道面負荷圈之滾動體之滑順的進入與送出之效 果。 籲 再者，於上述構造中，於第一構件之軌道面之端部上， 將指定冠狀件之逸脫量作爲短軸的橢圓設爲基礎，藉由形 成以該橢圓上之多數點作爲頂點之多角型形狀之冠狀件， 而可容易進行冠狀件之加工，且可獲得減低用以提高負荷 容量、剛性以及精度之滾動機械元件之製造成本的效果。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖係爲在有關本發明之第一實施例的滾動機械元 -18- 200537035 件之中，表示橢圓冠狀件之形狀以及方程式之局部縱斷面 圖。 弟2圖係爲在滾動機械元件之中，表示冠狀件部份之 局部縱斷面圖。由第2圖至第4圖係爲有關本發明之第二 實施例。 第3圖係爲在滾動機械元件之中，表示導塊之軌道面 兩端之冠狀件、滾珠以及軌道的同時，爲強調在導塊上作 用有放射狀荷重而使滾珠變形、導塊下降之狀態的側面 圖。 第4圖所示係爲將已承受放射狀荷重之導塊內，一面 將滾珠進行循環移動一面移動於軌道上之狀態的局部縱斷 面圖。 第5圖所示係爲在滾珠導件中之冠狀件形狀以及負荷 率之計算結果的線狀圖。 第6圖所示係爲在滾珠導件中，分別表示適合係數與 基本定額負載（basic load rating)、滾珠荷重、冠狀件逸 脫量、滾珠變形量、最大赫茲應力、滾珠徑値與冠狀件逸 脫量間之比例的線狀圖。 第7圖所示係爲在滾輪導件中，表示冠狀件形狀以及 負荷率之計算結果的線狀圖。 第8圖所示係爲在滾輪導件中，分別表示適合係數與 基本定額負載、滾珠荷重、冠狀件逸脫量、滾珠變形量、 最大赫茲應力、滾珠徑値與冠狀件逸脫量間之比例的線狀 圖。 -19- 200537035 第9圖係爲滾珠導件之縱斷面圖。第9圖至第1 2圖係 有關於習知例。 第1 0圖所示係爲擴大圓弧冠狀件之形狀以及方程式之 局部縱斷面圖。 第1 1圖係爲以圓弧作爲基礎，將冠狀件起點與冠狀件 端部爲以直線狀導角所形成之冠狀件@ ® ® ° 第1 2 1M系爲以Η弧作爲基礎，#目Μ件起點與7^狀# 端部爲依序以複數點來連接、形成多角型形狀之对狀件的 縱斷面圖。 【主要部分之代表符號說明】 I 〇 :滾動機械元件 II :作爲第一構件之一例的導塊 1 2 :作爲第二構件之一例的導軌 1 3 :作爲滾動體之一例的滾珠 1 4 :軌道面 14a :冠狀件 15 :橢圓 2 1 :作爲第一構件之一例的導塊 22 :作爲第二構件之一例的導軌 24 :軌道面 24a :冠狀件 -20-Although the length of the coronal separation width Xr can be arbitrarily set, after setting to the vicinity of the center of the orbital surface 14, almost the entire range of the orbital surface length It is coronated, in other words, to form a fully coronated state. Although the rigidity and life are reduced, it can be judged that the guidance accuracy is greatly improved and the friction resistance is greatly reduced. In order to compare with the conventional arc-shaped crown, in Fig. 1, although the arc 16 connecting the crown starting point 0 and the radius R of the crown end a is shown, the ellipse 15 is used as the basis. After comparing the crown 14a and the arc 16, the starting point of the crown 0 and the end point a of the crown are common, but one of the crowns 1a and 4a protrudes toward the origin of the y-axis. It has a large shape, and such a protrusion will be formed to increase the load rate of the ball 13. Next, the rolling machine element 20 according to the second embodiment of the present invention is, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, “a guide block 21 having an already formed track surface 24 as an example of the first member, and The guide block 21 is mounted via a ball 13 as an example of a rolling body, and 200537035 is an example of a rolling element. The guide block 21 can be guided in a specified direction as a track 22 as a second member. The balls 1 3 enter and exit the track surface 24 of the guide block 21 in an entire row, and the guide block 21 is configured to be movable in the guide direction of the track 22, for example, a ball guide is formed in the ball 1 3 On the end of the orbital surface 24 of the guide block 21 at the entry and exit points, an ellipse 15 having a specified crown escape amount λ e as a short axis is formed as a basis to form a plurality of points a, b on the ellipse 15 , C, 0 are polygonal crowns 2 4 a having vertices. The ellipse 15 forming the basis of the crown 24 is the same as the first embodiment of the present invention. In addition, the apex is not limited to four points a, b, c, and 0, and may be more than these points. Or less than those points. The rolling mechanical element is, for example, a ball guide. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, end plates 25 are installed on both ends of the guide block 11. The balls 13 are formed to cyclically roll in the guide block 11. The present invention is configured as described above, and its action will be described below. The function of the guide block 21 in the rolling mechanical element 20 according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described. As shown in FIG. 4, the ball 13 is interposed between the guide block 21 and the rail 22. Therefore, with respect to the fixed rail 22, the guide block 21 can be freely moved in the guide direction of the rail 22 and in the direction of the arrow C or the arrow D. At this time, the ball 13 is cyclically moved in the direction of the arrow G or the arrow 内 in the guide block 21. When 1/2 radial load 2005200535 F of the basic fixed load is applied to the guide block 21, on the track surface 24 other than the crown 24a, the track surface 24, the ball 13 and the track 2 2 In order to produce the same amount of deformation as the escape amount λ E of the crown. When the ball 13 advances in the direction of arrow Η and enters the range of the crown 24a, the ball load is gradually reduced because it approaches the end of the crown. When the ball reaches the end of the crown, the ball load is clearly formed.値, and go in the direction of arrow Η. The ball load is formed at the end of the crown by the radial load F, which causes the guide block 11 to fall only by the amount of escape of the crown λ e, and the track surface 24 and the track at the end of the crown The gap between 22 is formed equal to the ball diameter 値. In contrast, when the ball 13 advances in the direction of the arrow G, when the ball 13 reaches the end of the crown, the ball load is 0 値. However, the ball load will gradually increase as the crown continues The ball load system at the starting point is formed to be the largest, and the track surface 24 is rolled while maintaining this state. The amount of deformation between the raceway surface 24, the balls 13, and the raceway 22 at this time is the same amount as the escape amount 2e of the crown. The life calculation formula specified by the International Standardization Organization (ISO) is applicable to radial loads that are equal to or less than 1/2 of the basic dynamic load rating obtained from the formula formulated by ISO. Therefore, if a crown-shaped piece escape amount 2 e under a radial load equivalent to 1/2 of the basic dynamic freeze-frame load is imparted, even in the case where the radial load is applied, The track surface 24 including the crown 24a is in contact with the ball 13 as a whole, so that a sufficient load capacity can be obtained. In addition, the gap between the track surface 24 on the crown end and the track-13- 200537035 track 22 Since it is equal to the ball diameter 値, the ball 13 moves in and out toward the raceway surface 24 in a smooth shape. Here, the calculation example in the case where the crown member in the ball guide is an arc crown member, a radiation crown member, and an oval crown member is shown in Table 1. As a 50-point calculation condition, the settings are as follows: ball diameter 値 D w = 6 · 3 5 mm, crown escape Ae = 0.023228mm, fit factor f (= track surface radius R / ball diameter 値 Dw) = 0.52, The radius of the circle in the arc-shaped crown is R = 8 6 7.98 3mm, and it is set to act as a radial load F with 1/2 of the basic dynamic stop load c. [Table 1] The first column of the arc / radiation crown ellipse in Table 1 is, in Figure 1, the distance from the origin of the crown to the X-axis direction and the major axis of the ellipse 15 ( The ratio of the crown width) Xr is a dimensionless quantity. The second column and the third column indicate the conditions of the arc crown and the radiation crown of the conventional example, and the fourth and fifth columns indicate the conditions of the oval crown of the present invention. The second and fourth columns are the distance λ X from the starting point of the crown to the y-axis direction, and the third and fifth columns are the load rates of the balls (1-λ X / λ 〇 1-5. In addition, the arc crowns and the radiation crowns are quadratic, the distance λ X is consistent with the range of significant figures, and the load factor is also consistent, so it is described in the same column. The load factor is a ball The ratio between the ball load at the crown part and the ball load at the non-crown-only track surface. The crown starting point 0 is formed as 1, because the ball load on the crown end a is formed as 0. 200537035 値, so the load rate is also formed as 0 由. As can be seen from Table 1, the load rate in the case of an oval crown is 'crown width X / Xr = 0.5, which is 8 0 · 6%'. Compared with 65% of the crown and the radiation crown, it can be seen that the load factor is relatively high. After revealing this state, the 'system' is formed as shown in Figure 5. ① It is an arc crown Case '② shows the case of an elliptical crown. The line graph below the distance λ X on the axis is a graph that directly shows the shape of the crown. In the aspect of the oval crown, it can be seen that the amount of the area of the crown is only lower than that of the crown. The arc-shaped crown is raised upward. In addition, after observing the line graph above the load rate on the vertical axis, it can be seen that the amount of the crown area alone is more effective in terms of load factor than the case of the arc-shaped crown. For the purpose of lifting, in Figure 6, in order to capture the appropriate coefficient f on the horizontal axis, the vertical axis is shown as the basic fixed load C and the radiation load when 1/2 of the basic fixed load C has been applied. The ball load is set to Qc, the escape amount of the crown is set to Ae, and the amount of deformation when the ball load has been set to Qc is set to (5 QC, and the maximum Hertz stress σ max and the ball diameter 値 Dw / crown Ae. Ae. The calculation condition is that the track surface length It = 72mm, the ball diameter 値 Dw = 6.35mm, the number of ball rows it = 2 rows, and the so-called contact angle α = 45 ° means that the ball and the track surface The angle of contact with the radiation load is 4 5 ° From the line graph at the bottom of Figure 6, it can be seen that, with respect to the appropriate coefficient f = 0.5 1 to 0.55, the ball diameter 値 Dw and the amount of escape of the crown; the ratio between Le 2005200537035 is formed from 270 to 290 Second, when the rolling mechanical element 10 is a roller guide, a calculation example of the crown is disclosed in Table 2. As a calculation condition, the roller diameter 値 Dw = 6.3 5 mm, and the roller length L w = 6.3 5 mm, crown escape λ e = 0.0 1 6829mm, effective length of rollers fL (= finite length of rollers Lwe / roller length Lw) = 0.7, and the radius of the circle R in the arc crown is 1198.015mm, and It is set as the thing which acts on the radiation load F which is 1/2 of the basic fixed load c. [Table 2] Arc / radiation crown Oval crown Each column in Table 2 has the same meaning as in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 2, the load factor in the case of an oval crown is. The crown width x / Xr = 0.5 and 85.2%. Even when compared with the arc crown and radiation crown 72.6%, it can be seen that the load factor is higher. When this situation is represented by a line graph, it is formed as shown in FIG. 7. As in Fig. 5, ① shows the case of an arc crown, and ② shows the case of an oval crown. The line graph showing the lower side of the distance λ X on the vertical axis is a graph directly showing the shape of a crown. In the aspect of the elliptical crown, it can be known that only the amount of the crown area appears as an upward bulging shape below the arc crown. In addition, after observing the line graph above the load rate on the vertical axis, it can be seen that only the amount of the crown area is more improved in load factor than in the case of the arc crown. In Figure 8, in order to capture the effective length factor fL of the roller on the horizontal axis, -16-200537035 respectively represents the vertical axis as the basic fixed load c, and the radiation of 1/2 of this basic fixed load C has been applied. The ball load at the time of the load is set to Qc, and the escape amount of the crown is set to; Ie, the deformation amount when the ball load has been set to Qc is set to (5QC, and represents the maximum hertz stress amax and the ball diameter 値Dw / crown escape λ e. The calculation conditions are: track surface length lt = 72mm, ball diameter 値 Dw = 6.35mm, number of ball rows it = 2 = ij, contact angle α = 45. From Figure 6 The lowermost line graph shows that the ratio between the ball diameter 値 Dw and the amount of escapement λ e of the crown relative to the effective length coefficient f = 0.6 to 0.9 of the roller is formed as 3 3 0 to 4 6 0. In addition, In the above embodiment, the rolling mechanical elements 10 and 20 are described as the ball guide, but it is not limited to this. For example, it may be a rolling mechanical element such as a roller guide, a ball plug groove, or a ball bushing. The guiding direction achieved by the track or axis is not limited to a straight direction, but can also be The track is curved like an R-shaped guide. The special body is not limited to balls, but can also be in various forms such as cylindrical rollers, needle rollers, spherical rollers, or conical rollers. In addition, rolling bodies are not limited to The component that performs cyclic rolling in the guide block or the outer cylinder can also be mounted on the track or the holder in a freely rotating state like an interleaved roller or a self-sliding ball. When the rolling body has a certain When the contact angle is configured to be in contact with the guide block and the track, the escape amount λ e of the crown member can be determined by the elastic deformation amount of the rolling element in the contact angle direction. [Effect of the Invention] -17 -200537035 The present invention is a rolling machine element including a first member having a track surface as described above, and the first member is mounted through a rolling β body, and the first member can be configured. The second component that guides in the specified direction; by making the rolling elements in and out of the track surface on the track surface, the first member * can be configured to move in the direction of the first member's guide. shape The end of the track surface of the first member of the rolling-element entry point is formed with a crown-shaped member based on the ellipse. In order to increase the load factor of the rolling body located within the range of the crown-shaped member, It has the effect of improving the load capacity, rigidity, and accuracy of rolling mechanical elements. In addition, in the above-mentioned structure, on the end face of the track surface of the first member that becomes the point of entry and exit of the rolling body, a designated crown body is formed to escape. The crown is based on the ellipse with the short axis as the base. Therefore, when the maximum radial load defined by the specification or form is applied, the rolling body load acting on the rolling body at the end of the crown is It is formed to be 0 値, and as a result, the load factor of the rolling elements can be maintained at a high level, and at the same time, the effect of smoothly entering and sending out the rolling elements with respect to the track surface load ring can be achieved. Further, in the above-mentioned structure, on the end of the orbital surface of the first member, an ellipse specifying the escape amount of the crown as a short axis is used as a base, and a plurality of points on the ellipse are used as vertices. With the polygonal shape of the crown, the crown can be easily processed, and the effect of reducing the manufacturing cost of rolling mechanical elements for improving load capacity, rigidity, and accuracy can be obtained. [Brief Description of the Drawings] Fig. 1 is a partial longitudinal sectional view showing the shape of an elliptical crown-like member and the equation among the rolling machine elements -18-200537035 related to the first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 is a partial longitudinal sectional view showing the crown part among the rolling mechanical elements. Figures 2 to 4 show a second embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 shows the crowns, balls, and rails at both ends of the track surface of the guide block among the rolling mechanical elements. In order to emphasize the radial load acting on the guide block, the ball is deformed and the guide block is lowered. Side view of the state. Fig. 4 is a partial longitudinal sectional view showing a state in which a ball is cyclically moved in a guide block that has been subjected to a radial load while being cyclically moved. Fig. 5 is a line chart showing the calculation result of the crown shape and the load factor in the ball guide. Figure 6 shows in the ball guide, the fitting coefficient and basic load rating, ball load, crown escape, ball deformation, maximum Hertz stress, ball diameter, and crown, respectively. A line graph of the ratio between escapes. Fig. 7 is a line chart showing the calculation result of the crown shape and the load factor in the roller guide. Figure 8 shows the relationship between the coefficient of fit and the basic fixed load, ball load, crown escape, ball deformation, maximum Hertz stress, ball diameter 値, and crown escape in the roller guide. Line chart of the scale. -19- 200537035 Figure 9 is a longitudinal sectional view of the ball guide. Figures 9 to 12 are related to conventional examples. Fig. 10 is a partial longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the shape and equation of an enlarged crown member. Figure 11 is based on a circular arc, with the crown starting point and the end of the crown as a straight piece with a linear lead angle @ ® ® ° Figure 1 2 1M is based on the arc, # 目The starting point of the Μ piece and the end of 7 ^ 状 # are a longitudinal sectional view of the pair of pieces connected in order by a plurality of points to form a polygonal shape. [Description of Representative Symbols of Main Parts] I 〇: Rolling mechanical element II: Guide block as an example of the first member 12: Guide rail as an example of the second member 1 3: Ball 1 as an example of a rolling body 4: Track Surface 14a: Crown 15: Ellipse 2 1: Guide block as an example of the first member 22: Guide rail 24 as an example of the second member 24: Track surface 24a: Crown -20-