TW200534863A - Composition and dosage form comprising an amphiphilic molecule as a suspension vehicle - Google Patents
Composition and dosage form comprising an amphiphilic molecule as a suspension vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- TW200534863A TW200534863A TW093135004A TW93135004A TW200534863A TW 200534863 A TW200534863 A TW 200534863A TW 093135004 A TW093135004 A TW 093135004A TW 93135004 A TW93135004 A TW 93135004A TW 200534863 A TW200534863 A TW 200534863A
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 240
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
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- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 claims description 69
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- OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N choline Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCO OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 58
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Description
200534863 九、發明說明: 相關申請案之對照參考 本申請案主張於2003年11月17曰申請的美國臨時申 請案60/520,605及2004年1〗月15曰申請的美國專利申 5 請案一-之優先權,彼等文獻併入本文以資參考。 【發明所屬之技術領域】 發明領域 本發明乃有關滲透性藥物遞送系統之液體組成物及滲 透性藥物遞送系統裝置中的液體組成物之劑型。 · 10【先前技術】 發明背景 設計用於自持續遞送裝置及滲透性遞送装置遞送的藥 物懸浮液調配物之開發產生利用聚合物或界面活性劑溶 液、非水性液體溶劑或聚合物溶劑的掺合物之一群組成 15物。聚合物具有黏性改良劑之作用,於懸浮液自存及操作 間隔期間提供可接受之穩定性。彼等聚合物溶液為醫藥活鲁 性劑(例如小分子藥物或治療用蛋白質或胜肽)提供安定的 環境。 藥物遞送裝置試圖藉由併入經時以控制速率釋放之液 20體醫藥調配物而遞送低溶解性藥物。彼等滲透性遞送裝置 揭示於美國專利案 4,111,201 ; 5,324,280 ; 5,413,672 ;及 6,174,547。然而,此等液體滲透性遞送系統受限於液體調 配物中之藥物濃度,因而使可用的藥物載荷受限,導致供 治療目的之遞送系統具有不被接受地大之大小、容積或次 200534863 數。 聚合物例如聚乙烯吡咯啶酮(PVP),於寬廣範圍的非 水性液體溶劑中展現溶解性,惟PVP於水中亦相當易溶。 因此’於靠近調配物/水界面會產生高度黏稠之PVP/水凝 5 膠。彼等黏稠凝膠會堵塞藥物遞送裝置的遞送導管,干擾 遞送裝置之運行。因此此項技藝中對於在藥物遞送裝置(例 如滲透性藥物遞送裝置)中具有增進的操作性能之黏稠液 體組成物之開發存在需求。對於消除植入式裝置排出口之 堵塞亦存在需求。此外,對於實質上抗拒相分離同時其黏 1 〇性足以長期使醫藥劑懸浮之懸浮媒劑亦有需求。進一步 地,亦期望調配出於需要用劑期間實質上具均質性之不含 聚合物之劑型。 【發明内容】 發明概述 本發明概括而言係有關包含兩性分子組合溶劑形成液 體組成物之藥物遞送組成物,其具有展現所需黏性及於水 中展現所需溶劑性之所需性質。此等黏稠液體組成物係供 治療性藥物遞送用途,其中調配物可緩緩地被引入水性環 境中。 於一具體實例中,滲透性藥物遞送系統之液體組成物 包含兩性分子、非水性液體溶劑、及醫藥活性劑。於進一 步之具體實例中,兩性分子包含,惟不限於,脂質、界面 活性劑、兩性嵌段聚合物、或兩性蛋白質或胜肽。於更詳 細說明之具體實例中,脂質係選自飽和脂質、不飽和脂質、 200534863 中性脂質、陰離子性脂質、陽離子性脂質、天然脂質或合 成脂質。 兩性分子’例如脂質,與溶劑組合,形成於水中展現 所需溶劑性之供藥物遞送用途之黏稠液體調配物,其中調 5配物可緩缓地被引入水性環境中。於非水性液體溶劑中之 兩性分子’例如脂質,可提供避免於脂質/溶劑/水界面沉 殿、凝集、或形成高度黏稠凝膠等問題的系統或遞送裝置 中供治療藥物或蛋白質遞送用之黏稠液體組成物。此液體 組成物克服了限制從遞送裝置遞送治療用組成物之問題。 ίο於非水性液體溶劑中之兩性分子,例如脂質,將治療藥物 或蛋白質以至所關注標的組織之持續計量之流動,從遞送 裝置遞送入水性環境中。 當形成需要特定流變性質之治療藥物遞送系統時,於 非水性液體溶劑中之兩性分子,例如脂質,可取代包含高 15分子量分子(例如,聚合物如PVP或PLGA)之遞送系統。 於被引入水性環境中時,脂質可為於水中能形成小的自聚 結構之兩性分子,其具有從雙層(多層微泡、單層微泡/脂 質體)至微膠粒甚至反向微膠粒(六角形結構)之多種形式。 包含非水性液體溶劑中的脂質之藥物遞送組成物被調 20製成適於長期間隔自滲透性遞送裝置配送之穩定之治療藥 物懸浮液。包含脂質與非水性液體溶劑之組成物於水中展 現多種溶解性質,及進一步可於水界面展現明顯的脂質分 配而產生黏稠液體組成物,例如,黏稠液體凝膠。 於進一步之具體實例中,包含非水性液體溶劑中的脂 200534863 質之藥物遞送組成物被調製成穩定之懸浮液,其中醫藥活 性劑係懸浮於該液體組成物内之顆粒中。含醫藥活性劑之 顆粒可利用許多不同程序形成,例如,喷霧乾燥、冷練乾 燥、或超臨界流體處理。 5 m㈣之具體實例巾,用於產生此等凝膠之非水 性液體溶劑包含’惟不限於,乳酸月桂酯(LL)、月桂醇 (LA)、苄基醇(BA)、苯$酸¥酯(抑)、ι:ι苯甲酸苄酯:节 基醇、己基乳酸乙酉旨、丙三醇甲縮藤、四甘醇(甘油咬味甲 醛;GF)、N-1-甲基-2“比略㈣(NMp)、二甲亞砜(DMS〇)、 1〇聚乙二醇(例如,PEG 400)、三酸甘油醋類(三油酸甘油醋、 三月桂酸甘油酯、三癸酸甘油酯、三辛酸甘油酯)、乙醇、 異丙醇、第三丁醇、環己醇、甘油、丙三醇、心生育紛(維 生素E)、植物油、芝麻油、黃豆油、棉籽油或花生油。 可使用多種兩性分子,例如,脂質、界面活性劑、兩 15性嵌段聚合物、或兩性蛋白質或胜肽。脂質分子包含,惟 不限於,飽和及不飽和脂質;中性、陽離子性、或陰離子 性脂質;或天然或合成脂質。陰離子性脂質可誘發:成蛋 白質之螺旋片段,及可扮演重要之生理角色。於詳細說明 之具體實例中,脂質可為下列之一者或其任何二或多者之 20混合物,包含,惟不限於,磷脂醯膽鹼(pc)、磷脂醯乙醇 胺(PE)、鱗脂醯丙三醇(PG)、磷脂酿肌醇(ρι)、磷脂醯絲胺 酸(PS)、鱗脂酸(PA)、或神經鞘碟脂(SM)。 於詳細說明之具體實例中,個別脂質包含,惟不限於· 中性脂質-二油醮基填脂醯膽驗(D0PC)、二肉莖t酿基填 200534863 脂醢膽鹼(DMPC)、二棕櫊醢基磷脂酿膽鹼(DPPC)、二硬 脂醯基磷脂醯膽鹼(DSPC)、卵磷脂醯膽鹼(卵PC)、黃豆磷 脂醯膽驗(黃豆PC)、部分或完全氫化之磷脂醯膽鹼(PHSPC 或HSPC)、棕櫚醯基-油醯基磷脂醯膽鹼(P0PC)、硬脂醯 5 基油醯基磷脂醯膽鹼(SOPC);及陰離子性脂質-二油醯基 磷脂醢丙三醇(DOPG)、二肉莖蔻醯基磷脂醯丙三醇 (DMPG)、二棕搁醯基磷脂醯丙三醇(DPPG)、二硬脂醯基 填脂酿丙二醇(DSPG)。為了進一步之益處,亦可包含多種 PEG (聚乙二醇)_脂質。PEG-脂質之實例包含,惟不限於 10 mPEG-DPPE、mPEG-DMPE、mPEG-DSPE、mPEG_神經醯 胺_DSPE、或mPEG-DS。可使用嵌段共聚物界面活性劑(例 如,Pluronic®界面活性劑或Pluronic⑧界面活性劑F-127), 或山梨聚糖_結構劑(structurants)(例如,Span® 80 ’ Sigma Aldrich Chemical Co·)。此外,於需要時,可添加增量之抗 15 氧化劑脂質劑包含,惟不限於,維生素Ε、α-生育酚、或 抗壞血酸,以防止氧化或形成過氧化物。增量之抗氧化劑 脂質劑已為PHSPC調配物的一部分。 於詳細說明之具體實例中,兩性分子於調配物中之重 量百分比可為約1至約100重量%不等。調配物中之溶劑 20 重量百分比可為約0至約99重量%不等。 於進一步之具體實例中,醫藥活性劑係選自蛋白質、 胜肽、小分子藥物、脂質藥物或核酸藥物(例如,DNA、 RNA、反義股、核酸代酶、DNA酶等)。 於更詳細說明之具體實例中,液體組成物為黏稠液體 200534863 組成物。組成物的黏性可為約1至約100,000泊(p〇ise)。 兩性分子對非水性液體溶劑之重量比率可介於約丨與約4 之間。 於進一步之具體實例中,醫藥活性劑係選自生物或藥 5理活性物質。於詳細說明之具體實例中,醫藥活性劑為ω-干擾素、α-干擾素、石-干擾素、干擾素、促紅血球生 成素、人類生長激素、粒性細胞巨嗟細胞群落刺激因子 (GM-CSF)、人類生長激素釋放激素(huGHRH)、胰島素、 去胺加壓素(desmopressin)、因福昔單抗(infliximab)、與標 ίο的配位體併合之抗體或製劑、利培酮(risperid〇ne)、帕利培 酮(paliperidone)、類胰高血糖激素胜肽·丨(GUM)、或促骨 生成蛋白。醫藥活性劑可以1對2至i對215之重量比率 與蔗糖、甲硫胺酸及檸檬酸結合。 於另一具體實例中,供滲透性藥物遞送之劑型包含: 15包括含黏稠液體醫藥組成物的第一室及含滲透劑的第二室 之膠囊,該第一室具有開孔,經由該開孔可將醫藥組成物 從第一室遞送至第一室外部位置;位於膠囊中、介於第一 室與第二室間之可移動之分離構件;第二室之室壁,其包 括容許流體從外圍環境通入第二室中之流體可滲透部分; 20及位於第二室内及實質上包圍著滲透劑之不可壓縮之流體 添加劑。 於供滲透性藥物遞送的劑型之詳細具體實例中,該黏 稍液體醫藥組成物包含兩性分子、非水性液體溶劑、及醫 藥活性劑。於更詳細說明之具體實例中,兩性分子係選自 200534863 脂質、界面活性劑、兩性截段聚合物、或兩性蛋白質或胜 肽0 於供滲透性藥物遞送的劑型之詳細具體實例中,脂質 係選自飽和脂質、不飽和脂質、中性脂質或陰離子性脂質。 5 於更詳細說明之具體實例中,脂質係選自磷脂醢膽鹼 (PC)、磷脂醯乙醇胺(PE)、磷脂醯丙三醇(PG)、磷脂醯肌 醇(PI)、磷脂醯絲胺酸(PS)、磷脂酸(PA)、或神經鞘磷脂 (SM)。於更詳細說明之具體實例中,中性脂質係選自二油 醢基磷脂醯膽鹼(DOPC)、二肉莖蔻醯基磷脂醯膽鹼 10 (DMPC)、二棕櫚醯基磷脂醯膽鹼(DPPC)、二硬脂醯基磷 脂醯膽鹼(DSPC)、卵磷脂醯膽鹼(卵PC)、黃豆磷脂醯膽鹼 (黃豆PC)、部分或完全氫化之磷脂醯膽鹼(PHSPC或 HSPC)、棕櫚醯基-油醢基磷脂醯膽鹼(POPC)、或硬脂醯基 油醯基磷脂醢膽鹼(S〇pc)。於更詳細說明之具體實例中, 15 陰離子性脂質係選自二油醯基磷脂醯丙三醇(DOPG)、二肉 莖蔻醯基磷脂醯丙三醇(DMPG)、二棕櫚醢基磷脂醢丙三醇 (DPPG)、或二硬脂醯基磷脂醯丙三醇(DSPG)。 於詳細說明之具體實例中,#水性液體溶劑係選自乳 酸月桂酯(LL)、月桂醇(LA)、苄基醇(BA)、苯甲酸苄酯 20 (BB)、1:1笨甲酸苄酯:苄基醇、己基乳酸乙酯、丙三醇甲 縮醛、四甘醇(甘油呋喃甲醛;GF)、N-1-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮 (NMP)、二甲亞砜(DMSO)、聚乙二醇(例如,PEG 400)、 二酸甘油醋類(三油酸甘油|旨、三月桂酸甘油醋、三癸酸甘 油酯、三辛酸甘油酯)、乙醇、異丙醇、第三丁醇、環己醇、 11 200534863 甘油、丙三醇、α-生育酚(維生素E)、植物油、芝麻油、 黃豆油、棉籽油或花生油。 於進一步之具體實例中,醫藥活性劑係選自蛋白質、 胜肽、小分子藥物、脂質藥物或與脂質併合之前驅藥物。 5 於供滲透性藥物遞送的劑型之詳細具體實例中,兩性 分子重量百分比可為約i至約1〇〇重量%。於更詳細說明 之具體實例中,非水性液體溶劑重量百分比可為約0至約 99重量%。於更詳細說明之具體實例中,組成物的黏性可 為約1至約100,000泊。兩性分子對非水性液體溶劑之重 10 量比率可介於約1與約4之間。 於供渗透性藥物遞送的劑型之詳細具體實例中,滲透 劑係呈扁平型及流體添加劑圍繞著扁平滲透劑。分離構件 為可滑動之活塞。流體可滲透部分可為膜。於更詳細說明 之具體實例中,滲透劑為錠劑。流體添加劑可為用於防止 15滲透劑凍結之潤滑液體。流體添加劑亦可為凝膠。於更詳 細說明之具體實例中,流體添加劑包含peg,滲透劑包含 NaCl 〇 於詳細說明之具體實例中,供滲透性藥物遞送系統用 之劑型於膠囊内部表面與滲透劑之間包含至少一間隙,流 20 體添加劑填充於該至少一間隙以改善起動時間。 於進一步之態樣中,本發明提供一種懸浮媒劑,其包 含兩性分子、非水性溶劑、及性能改良劑。較佳為該懸浮 液媒劑實質上為非水性。兩性分子可取代懸浮媒劑中之聚 合物,以增進黏性。可使用根據本發明之性能改良劑,舉 12 200534863 例而言,以改善穩定性及/或脂質系懸浮媒劑之流動性。例 如,使用性能改良劑有助於軟化出射口處由於懸浮媒劑與 水性”質(例如,體液)接觸產生的構成物(例如,堅硬凝膠 類)。就其本身而論,懸浮媒劑較佳為與水性介質接觸後可 机動。懸浮媒劑與水性介質接觸後實質上亦不含堅硬凝膠 類。 10 15 使用性能改良劑(例如,共溶劑)之另一項好處為由於 相較於另外’/谷劑,兩性分子(例如,脂質)於共溶劑中溶解 度增加,因此加速懸浮媒劑與懸浮液之製備。 s 1±能改良劑之懸浮液媒劑,與不含性能改良劑之懸 浮媒劑相較下,可展現增進之流變性質。例如,性能改良 劑減少黏性差異的程度在小組成差異之上。於較佳具體實 W浮媒劑之黏性變化量小於或等於1 〇倍。
2〇 人,於—些具體實例中,懸浮媒劑中之兩性分子較佳為€ 嶙月曰月曰質包含,惟不限於,二油醢基鱗脂醯膽趣 妙〇PC)、一肉莖鐘醯基麟脂醯膽驗(DMPC)、二棕搁醯! 昨月田醢膽驗(DPPC)、二硬脂醯基碌脂醯膽驗(Dspc)、㈣ t膽㈣PC)、黃豆磷脂醯膽驗(黃豆pc)、部分氮化戈 =酿膽驗(PHSPC)、完全氫化之鱗脂醢膽驗(Hspc)、相 :酿基-油醯基磷脂酿膽驗(p〇pc)、或硬脂醯基油酿基碎 月曰醯膽鹼(SOPC)。 懸浮媒劑中,非水性溶劑對性能改良劑之重量比率, 例如’較佳為約至約1:0.001,更佳為約1:1至約
13 200534863 1:0.001,又更佳為約1:0.33至、約1:〇 〇〇1。兩性分子對性 能改良劑之重量比率較佳為約〇.18:1至約5.7:1,更佳為約 0.43:1至約2.33:1,又更佳為約〇67:1至約15:1。兩性分 子對性能改良劑與非水性溶劑的組合物之重量比率較佳為 5約0.05:1至、約19:1,更佳為約〇 5:1至約i 5:1,又更佳為 約 〇·75:1 至約 1.22:1。 於懸浮媒劑之較佳具體實例中,脂質包含二油醯基磷 脂醯膽鹼(DOPC),非水性溶劑包含“_生育酚,及性能改 1良劑包含乙醇、芝麻油、乙酸乙酯、或其組合物。 根據本發明之套組包含懸浮媒劑及懸浮或分散其中之 醫藥活性劑以產生醫藥懸浮液之操作指南。其他套組進一 步包含劑型及將醫藥懸浮液裴載於該劑型之操作指南。 —藉由添加醫藥活性劑至本發明懸浮媒劑中,可產生醫 j5藥懸浮液。亦可添加醫藥懸浮液至所需劑型中,該等劑型 例如可利用唧筒驅動之劑型,例如,滲透性遞送裝置。 根據本發明之醫藥懸浮液包含懸浮或分散於懸浮媒劑 中之醫藥活性劑,其中懸浮媒劑包含兩性分子、非水性溶 劑、及性能改良劑。懸浮媒劑的黏性為約1至約1,〇〇〇 〇〇〇 &泊,=生較佳為約5至約100,_泊。 ’ ’ 隹然任何符合所需之醫藥活性劑於本發明懸浮媒劑中 均穩定,惟於較佳具體實例中,醫藥活性劑包含0_干擾素。 車又佳為,結合本發明使用之劑型具有滲透哪筒。於其 他具體實例中,劑型包含於劑型使用期間維持其物理及化 學完整性及醫藥懸浮液實質上無法滲透之壁;外部流體可 14 200534863 部分滲透之另一壁;由壁界定之腔室;及與該腔室相通之 於壁中之出射口,·其中醫藥懸浮液係位於腔室内。 於一些實例中,醫藥懸浮液於與水性介質接觸後,較 佳為於滲透唧筒之正常操作條件下,可通過出射口而流 5動。醫藥懸浮液在與水性介質接觸後,亦可實質上不含堅 硬凝膠類。於其他具體實例中,醫藥懸浮液至少3個月實 質上具均質性。 根據本發明之套組包含含有醫藥懸浮液之劑型及投與 該劑型之操作指南。 10 根據本發明之方法包括鑑定兩性分子;鑑定非水性溶 劑,鑑定性能改良劑;將兩性分子、非水性溶劑、與性能 改良劑混合以產生懸浮液媒劑。於一些具體實例中,與不 含性能改良劑之懸浮液媒劑相較下,該性能改良劑增進懸 浮液媒劑之流變性質。其他方法包括實質上使兩性分子溶 15解或分散於性能改良劑中以產生混合物;並組合非水性溶 劑與該混合物以產生懸浮液媒劑。此外,於其他方法中, 相較於僅溶解於非水性溶劑中,兩性分子於非水性溶劑與 性能改良劑之組合物中溶解更迅速。 於一些方法中,係振盪混合物。於其他具體實例中, 20 較佳為加熱懸浮媒劑至約l〇〇°C至約120。(:之溫度。 根據本發明之方法亦包括投與哺乳動物含根據本發明 的醫藥懸浮液之劑型。 詳細說明 本發明之滲透性藥物遞送系統之液體組成物包含兩性 15 200534863 分子組合溶劑形成具有展現所需黏性及於水中展現所需溶 劑性的所需性質之液體組成物。此等黏稠液體組成物係供 治療性藥物遞送用途’其中調配物可緩緩地被引入水性環 境中。兩性分子包含,惟不限於,脂質、界面活性劑、兩 5 性嵌段聚合物、或兩性蛋白質或胜肽。 當非水性液體黏稠藥物懸浮液通過藥物遞送裝置之導 管進入水性環境時’其間之界面處發生動力學轉移機制。 進入導管中的水會發生數個可能機制之一者或全部:反向 擴散、通過分散相的堆砌顆粒之分配或滲濾。脂質於寬廣 10範圍的非水性液體溶劑中展現溶解性或分散性,此寬廣範 圍的溶解性或分散性導使其於黏稠性液體藥物組成物之調 配中具有用途。當黏稠性液體藥物組成物與水性環境接觸 後,脂質可於水中形成具有數個可能形式之一者或全部之 小微泡:雙層(多層微泡、單層微泡/脂質體)、微膠粒或反 15向微膠粒(六角形結構)。由於此自聚特性而得以形成黏稠 遞送媒劑’同時於調配物/水界面限制沉澱或形成高黏稠物 質。 聚合物,例如PVP,亦於寬廣範圍的非水性液體溶劑 中展現溶解性,惟彼等於水中亦相當易溶。結果,於非水 20性液體溶劑/水界面產生高度黏稠之PVP/水凝膠。彼等黏 稠凝膠會堵塞遞送導管,干擾遞送裝置之運行。此外,在 聚合物凝膠於DUROS滲透藥物遞送系統之擴散調節器中 形成之同時,彼等會沉澱及堵塞系統之導管,因而干擾藥 物或治療用蛋白質之釋放。 200534863 性液?溶劑中之兩性分子(例如,脂質)可於滲 电成物二置中T液態黏稠藥物及蛋白質遞送系統。此 ,组成物於溶齊"脂質/水界面可限制沉錢、凝集或形成高度 5 黏稠之凝膠。由於投與後水的攝人較慢,因此兩性分子(例 如’脂質)對併人之治療用蛋白質亦可提供傷害較小的環 境。脂質亦可作為蛋白質之安定咖,以延長蛋白質藥物 之治療效力。 非水性液體溶劑」係指於水不存在下,與兩性分子 ^結合形成液態黏稠溶液之有機分子。此溶劑可為,例如, 〇非極性溶劑、質子溶劑(例如醇或酸)、或質子惰性溶劑(不 含酸性氫之具中高介電常數之極性溶劑)。 脂質可以不同比率溶於各種非水性液體溶劑中,以調 整媒劑的黏性至1-1,〇〇〇,〇〇〇泊。彼等調配物可具剪切稀薄 性(shear thinning),一種使媒劑之製程更容易之現象。此 15外,可將欲使用之溶劑最適化,以得到蛋白質之最大穩定 性。於一些情形下,用於黏稠液體組成物之脂質與溶劑, 其非經腸用途均經食品藥物管理局(FDA)認可。調配物中 之兩性分子重量百分比可從約1至約1〇〇重量D/❶不等。調 配物中之溶劑重量百分比可從約〇至約99重量%不等。 包含醫藥活性劑之彼等黏稠液體組成物可利用,例 如,揭示於美國專利案 6,132,420 ; 6,174,547 ; 6,419,952 ; 6,551,613 (各專利案全部内容併入本文以資參考)之滲透 性藥物遞送裝置予以遞送。 彼等黏稠液體組成物於水中展現需要的溶劑性,而具 17 200534863 有將調配物緩緩引入水性環境中之潛在遞送用途。包含脂 -質於非水性液體溶劑中之黏稠液體組成物可取代聚合物例 如聚乙烯。比洛咬酮(PVP)之使用,以建立於懸浮液媒劑中 之黏性。於黏稠液體組成物之一例示具體實例中,係使ω _ 5干擾素於其中具有小於〇·1毫克/毫升的溶解度之溶劑與脂 質1,2-二油醯基-sn-甘油_3_填脂醢膽驗(DOPC)結合形成於 醫藥調配物之固體顆粒中含干擾素之懸浮液。非水性液 體溶劑之實例包含,惟不限於,乳酸月桂酯(LJL)、月桂醇 (LA)、苄基醇(B A)、苯甲酸苄酯(BB)、1 ·· 1苯甲酸节酉旨:节φ 10 基醇、己基乳酸乙酯、丙三醇甲縮醛、四甘醇(甘油咦鳴甲 搭;GF)、N_l_曱基-2-吼洛咬酮(NMP)、二曱亞硬(DMSO)、 聚乙二醇(例如,PEG 400)、三酸甘油酯類(三油酸甘油酯、 三月桂酸甘油酯、三癸酸甘油酯、三辛酸甘油g旨)、乙醇、 異丙醇、第三丁醇、環己醇、甘油、丙三醇、生育盼(維 15生素Ε)、植物油、芝麻油、黃豆油、棉籽油或花生油。脂 質例如DOPC,於寬廣範圍之溶劑對脂質比率中均可溶 解。於進一步之研究中,選擇乳酸月桂酯([卩與甲基吡· 咯啶酮(ΝΜΡ)作為與脂質結合之溶劑。 脂質可以不同比率溶於各種非水性液體溶劑中,以調 20整媒劑的黏性從〇泊至ιοοο,οοο泊。彼等調配物隨著剪 切力增加而稀薄’一種使媒劑之製程容易度增加之現象。 研九δ且實DOPC分別以腊質對溶劑之重量比為1 ·5:1與3:1 存在乳酸月桂酯(LL)與Ν-甲基吡咯啶_(ΝΜΡ)中時,於37 °〇時分別具有大約42,000與15,000泊之黏性,剪切速率 18 200534863 為0·04至ι〇秒·ι不等。彼等組成物被證實具有剪切稀薄 性。 〇
1,2-二油醯基_sn-甘油-3·磷脂醯膽鹼(DOPC) 5 込2·二油醢基-sn-甘油-3-磷脂醯膽鹼(DOPC)分子量為 786·13千道爾頓,相轉變溫度為-18°C。 脂質/溶劑溶液之高黏性及剪切稀薄性質暗示彼等為 DUROS®植入物或〇R〇S(g)滲透性遞送系統之適當媒劑。參 見’例如,美國專利案 6,132,420 ; 6,174,547 ; 6,419,952 ; 10 6,551,613 (各專利案全部内容併入本文以資參考)。研究已 測定出於DOPC/溶劑組成物(例如,DOPC/乳酸月桂酯或 DOPC/α-生育酚)中之ω-干擾素於4〇t時至少四週很安 定。該等DOPC/溶劑組成物可安定多達3個月。由溶解及 釋放率測定出,該脂質凝膠使溶解之ω-干擾素得以遞送至 15 水性環境中。 「兩性分子」係指於分子中具有明顯極性(親水性)與 非極性(疏水性)區域之分子。「脂質」係指不均質基團之生 物化合物,其含有具長的未分支烴鏈之大有機陰離子或陽 離子,例如 ’ H3C(CH2)nC(VM+、H3C(CH2)nS〇3 M+、 20 H3C(CH2)nN(CH3)3+X· (n>7)。分子中明顯的極性(親水性) 與非極性(疏水性)區域之存在可於稀的水性溶液中促進微 膠粒之形成。「陽離子性脂質」具有淨正電荷;「陰離子性 19 200534863 脂質」具有淨負電荷;「中性脂質」具有淨中性電荷。 - 「脂質」係指不均質基團之生物化合物,其難溶於水 中’惟極易溶於非極性溶劑中。脂質可依其溶解性界定種 類,彼專包含各式各樣化學性之化合物。「天然脂質」包含, 5惟不限於,三醯基甘油類、蠟類、及萜類(例如,單萜類、 一箱類、類胡蘿蔔素類或類固醇類)。較為複雜之脂質包含 醣脂質及磷脂類。三醯基丙三醇類與蠟類為已知之可皂化 脂質,至於萜類被稱為不可皂化之脂質。「飽和脂質」具有 全部為單鍵鍵結之c-c烴鏈。「不飽和脂質」具有一或多# 10個雙鍵(C=C)或參鍵(c^c)鍵結之烴鏈〇 「兩性嵌段聚合物」係指嵌段共聚物例如^虹⑽比⑧ 嵌段共聚物界面活性劑(BASF c〇rp〇rati〇n,M〇unt 〇live, NJ·;例如,Pluronic⑧界面活性劑或plur〇nic⑧界面活性劑 F 127)或山梨聚糖酯結構劑(例如,外⑽⑧go,ggma 15 Aldrich Chemical Co·),彼等具有消泡劑、濕潤劑、分散劑、 增厚劑、及乳化劑之功能。Phironic⑧嵌段共聚物界面活性 劑可以環氧乙烷與環氧丙烷為基底。 _ 「兩性蛋白質或胜肽」係指於蛋白質中具有明顯極性 (親水性)與非極性(疏水性)區域之多肽鏈。蛋白質之三級結 20構於其一區域為親水性或高度帶電荷(正或負電荷),於= 一區域為疏水性(非極性)。 用於本發明之兩性分子包含,惟不限於,脂質、界 活性劑、兩性嵌段聚合物、或兩性蛋白質或胜肽。為用於 形成黏稠液體組成物的適當物質之兩性分子之實例為酽 20 200534863 類,例如,脂肪酸之甘油基單酯類。有能力形成黏稠液體 組成物之其他物質可於例如極性脂質、界面活性劑及乳化 劑之兩性物質間尋得。脂肪酸之甘油基單酯類之實例包含 卓油酸甘油酯與單亞麻油酸甘油酯。 5 流體之「黏性」係指該流體對剪切或流動之抗性,其 為流體黏著性/凝聚性或磨擦性質之度量,係由於產生磨擦 拖曳效應的流體内内部分子磨擦作用而形成。由於添加大 分子至溶劑中增加其黏性’因此黏性可用於研究生物聚合 物;黏性之增加取決於聚合物的濃度、大小、及結構。一 10層流體之運動會引致鄰接層次之運動。移動具有不同相對 黏性之層次需要力;黏性愈大,需要的力愈多。動力學黏 性亦稱為「絕對黏性」,為兩個水平面維持由流體隔開之單 位距離時,每單位面積以單位速度移動所需要之切向力。 黏性的理論單位為泊。 15 能形成黏稠液體組成物之脂肪酸酯類包含脂肪酸成分 及含羥基之成分,其中含脂肪酸酯之脂肪酸成分具有C6 至C:26個總碳原子數之飽和或不飽和脂肪酸。根據本發明 之脂肪酸酯類中之飽和脂肪酸基團之詳細實例包含,惟不 限於,己酸、辛酸、癸酸、月桂酸、肉莖蔻酸、棕櫚酸、 20硬脂酸、花生酸、與山薔酸等基團。根據本發明之脂肪酸 醋類中之不飽和脂肪酸基團之詳細實例包含,惟不限於, 掠櫚油酸 '油酸、亞麻油酸、次亞麻油酸、及花生四烯酸 等基團。用於根據本發明組成物中之脂肪酸酯類之進一步 具體實例包含,惟不限於,多元醇之脂肪酸酯、羥基羧酸 21 200534863 之脂肪酸酯、單醣之脂肪酸酯、甘油基磷酸酯衍生物之脂 肪酸酯、甘油基硫酸酯衍生物之脂肪酸酯、及其混合物。 於脂肪酸酯之含羥基成分係多價之彼等情況中,該含羥基 成分可被脂肪酸成分或被脂肪酸成分之混合物部分或完全 5 酯化。 用於根據本發明組成物中之脂肪酸酯之多元醇成分較 佳為選自包括丙三醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、二醯基半 乳糖丙二醇、二醯基二半乳糖丙三醇、赤藻糖醇、木糖醇、 核糖醇、阿拉伯糖醇、甘露糖醇、及山梨糖醇之組群。由 10此等多元醇形成之脂肪酸酯類可為單償或多價,例如,二 價、三價等。特別以脂肪酸單酯類已被證明具有生物黏著 性’可為用於根據本發明組成物中之脂肪酸酯類。至於多 價醇上醋鍵建立之位置可為任何可能位置。在脂肪酸酯為 二酯、三酯等之情形下,脂肪酸酯之脂肪酸成分可相同或 15不同。於本發明之詳細態樣中,多元醇成分可為丙三醇。 用於根據本發明組成物中之脂肪酸酯類,其中含羥基 成分為多元醇者之進一步實例包含,惟不限於,單油酸甘 油酯、單亞麻油酸甘油酯、丙三醇單亞麻油酸酯、及其混 σ物^彼專知肪酸醋類具有於本文敘述之黏稠液體組成物 20中有用之生物黏著性質。在用於根據本發明組成物中之脂 肪酸酯係由羥基羧酸(或其衍生物)與脂肪酸(或其衍生物) 形成之彼等清形下,該脂肪酸酯之經基致酸成分較佳為選 自包括蘋果酸、酒石酸、檸檬酸、乳酸、及山梨酸之組群。 用於根據本發明組成物中之脂肪酸酯之一實例為檸檬酸之 22 200534863 脂肪酸單酯。 用於根據本發明組成物中之脂肪酸酯之含經基成分亦 可為醣類,如單醣,例如葡萄糖、甘露糖、果糖、蘇糖、 葡萄糖、阿拉伯糖、核糖、赤藻糖、木糖、半乳糖、山梨 5糖、阿卓糖(ahrose)、塔羅糖(tallose)、艾杜糖(id〇se)、鼠 李糖、或異構糖。在含羥基成分為單醣之情形下,脂肪酸 酯較佳為選自包括山梨糖、半乳糖、核糖、及鼠李糖之組 群之單醣之脂肪酸單酯。用於黏稠液體組成物中之脂肪酸 酯之含羥基成分亦可為甘油基磷酸酯衍生物,例如,選自 10磷脂醢膽鹼(PC)、磷脂醯乙醇胺(PE)、磷脂醯丙三醇、 構脂醢肌醇(PI)、_脂醯絲胺酸(PS)、填脂酸(pa)、或神經 鞘磷脂(SM)之磷脂、或二磷脂醯基丙三醇^磷脂類可進一 步包含DEPE (1,2-二反油醯基-sn•甘油_3««麟醯乙醇胺)及 DMPE (PEG 550)(1,2-二肉莖競醯基-sn-甘油_3_填醯乙醇 15 胺(聚乙二醇)550)。 具有磷脂基團的化合物進一步包含其中脂肪酸酯為甘 油基磷酸酯衍生物的脂肪酸酯之化合物,該脂肪酸成分係 選自包括月桂酸、肉莖蔻酸、棕櫚酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亞 麻油酸、次亞麻油酸、及山茶酸之組群。此等有用的脂肪 20酸酯類之實例可為二月桂基磷脂醯膽鹼、二油醯基磷脂醯 膽鹼(D0PC)、二肉菫蔻醯基磷脂醯膽鹼(DMpc)、二棕櫚 醯基礙脂醯膽鹼(DPPC)、二硬脂醯基填脂醯膽鹼(Dspc)、 卵磷脂醯膽鹼(卵PC)、黃豆磷脂醢膽鹼(黃豆pc)、部分或 完全氫化之磷脂醯膽鹼(PHSPC或HSPC)、棕櫚醯基-油醯 23 200534863 基磷脂醯膽鹼(POPC)、或硬脂醯基油醯基磷脂醯膽鹼 (SOPC)、二山窬醯基磷脂醯膽鹼、二肉莖蔻基磷脂醯乙醇 胺、二棕櫚醯基磷脂醯乙醇胺、二油醢基磷脂醯丙三醇 (DOPG)、二肉笪蔻醯基磷脂醯丙三醇(DMPG)、二棕櫚醯 5 基磷脂醯丙三醇(DPPG)、或二硬脂醯基磷脂醯丙三醇 (DSPG)、二月桂基磷脂醯丙三醇、二棕櫊醢基磷脂酸及其 混合物。 可作為兩性分子用之化合物包含,惟不限於,選自 mPEG_DPPE、mPEG-DMPE、mPEG-DSPE、或 10 醯胺_DSPE之聚乙二醇(PEG)-脂質化合物,及選自 PLURONIC⑧17R2界面活性劑、PLURONIC⑧17R4界面活 性劑、PLURONIC⑧25R2界面活性劑、PLURONIC⑧25R4 界面活性劑、PLURONIC® 31R1界面活性劑、PLURONIC⑧ F108澆鑄固體界面活性劑、PLURONIC⑧F108 NF澆鑄固 15 體界面活性劑、PLURONIC⑧F108 NF小珠界面活性劑、 PLURONIC⑧F108錠片界面活性劑、F108 NF界面活性劑 小珠、PLURONIC⑧F127澆鑄固體界面活性劑、 PLURONIC® F127 NF 500BHT 界面活性劑小珠、 PLURONIC® F127NF澆鑄固體界面活性劑、PLURONIC⑧ 20 F127 NF小珠界面活性劑、PLURONIC⑧F127界面活性劑 小珠、PLURONIC⑧F127 NF 500BHT澆鑄固體界面活性 劑、PLURONIC® F3 8澆鑄固體界面活性劑、PLURONIC® F38界面活性劑錠片、PLURONIC® F68 LF錠片界面活性 劑、PLURONIC⑧F68 LF澆鑄固體界面活性劑、 24 200534863 PLURONIC⑧F68 NF澆鎊固體界面活性劑、PLURONIC® F68 NF小珠界面活性劑、PLURONTC⑧F68小珠界面活性 劑、PLURONIC® F68 界面活性劑、PLURONIC® F68 界面 活性劑錠片、PLURONIC⑧F77澆鑄固體界面活性劑、 5 PLURONIC⑧ F77 MICRO-錠片界面活性劑 PLURONIC® F87澆鑄固體界面活性劑、、PLURONIC⑧F87 NF澆鑄固 體界面活性劑、PLURONIC⑧F87 NF小珠界面活性劑、 PLURONIC⑧F87小珠界面活性劑、PLURONIC® F88澆鎿 固體界面活性劑、PLURONIC® F88小珠界面活性劑、 10 PLURONIC⑧F88界面活性劑錠片、PLURONIC⑧F98澆鑄 固體界面活性劑、PLURONIC® F98小珠界面活性劑、 PLURONIC® L10界面活性劑、PLURONIC⑧L101界面活 性劑、PLURONIC® L121 界面活性劑、PLURONIC® L31 界面活性劑、PLURONIC⑧JL35界面活性劑、PLURONIC® 15 L43界面活性劑、PLURONIC® L44 NF界面活性劑、 PLURONIC⑧L44界面活性劑、PLURONIC⑧L61界面活性 劑、PLURONIC® L62 LF 界面活性劑、PLURONIC⑧ L62 界面活性劑、PLURONIC⑧L62D界面活性劑、PLURONIC® L64界面活性劑、PLURONIC® L81界面活性劑、 20 PLURONIC⑧L92界面活性劑、PLURONIC⑧N-3界面活性 劑、PLURONIC⑧ P103 界面活性劑、PLURONIC® P104 界 面活性劑、PLURONIC⑧P105界面活性劑、PLURONIC⑧ P123界面活性劑、PLURONIC® P65界面活性劑、 PLURONIC⑧P84界面活性劑、PLURONIC⑧P85界面活性 25 200534863 劑、PLURONIC® F127微錠片之Pluronic⑧嵌段共聚物界 面活性劑。 可作為非水性液體溶劑用之化合物包含,惟不限於’ 乳酸月桂酯(LL)、月桂醇(LA)、苄基醇(BA)、苯甲酸苄酯 5 (BB)、1:1苯曱酸苄酯:苄基醇、己基乳酸乙酯、丙三醇甲 縮醛、四甘醇(甘油呋喃甲醛;GF)、N-1·甲基-2·吡咯啶酮 (NMP)、二甲亞砜(DMSO)、聚乙二醇(例如,PEG 400)、 三酸甘油酯類(三油酸甘油酯、三月桂酸甘油酯、三癸酸甘 油酯、三辛酸甘油酯)、乙醇、異丙醇、第三丁醇、環己醇、 10 甘油、丙三醇、α -生育酚(維生素E)、植物油、芝麻油、 黃豆油、棉籽油或花生油。 嵌段共聚物界面活性劑(BASF Corporation,Mount Olive,NJ·;例如,Pluronic⑧界面活性劑或Pluronic®界面 活性劑F-127)或山梨聚糖酯結構劑(例如,Span® 80,Sigma 15 Aldrich Chemical Co·)具有消泡劑、濕潤劑、分散劑、增厚 劑、及乳化劑之功能。Pluronic®型可為以環氧乙烧與環氧 丙烷為基底之嵌段共聚物。 於根據本發明組成物中使用之多數脂肪酸酯類為化學 化合物,彼等為市售可得或可利用涉及例如,使脂肪酸衍 20 生物(例如,對應之醯基鹵)與含羥基化合物反應(需要時, 以適當保護基保護),接著單離脂肪酸酯(需要時,於移除 任何保護基之後)之酯化程序予以製備。許多市售可得之脂 肪酸酯類可於食品工業中使用,且通常不需採取任何步驟 即可獲得大約100%純度之脂肪酸酯。例如,單油酸甘油 26 200534863 醋(Danisco Ingredients A/S,Denmark)為含約 98% w/w 單醋 之極純產物,其中约80% w/w以上(例如约92% w/w)為單 油酸甘油酯,其餘單酯可能為單亞麻油酸甘油酯、單棕櫚 酸甘油酯及單硬脂酸甘油酯。因此於根據本發明組成物中 5 使用之脂肪酸酯產物可為脂肪酸酯之混合物。具有生物黏 著性質以及形成黏稠液體組成物之極佳能力的脂肪酸酯類 之實例為脂肪酸之甘油基單酯類,其詳細實例包含單油酸 甘油酯及單亞麻油酸甘油醋。 包含兩性分子及溶劑之黏稠液體組成物穩定性大為提 10 升,例如,其貯存穩定性於25°C時為至少2年,於40°C為 至少1個月。脂肪酸酯產物符合特定純度標準。因此,用 於製備組成物之脂肪酸酯產物須含至多4%飽和脂肪酸酯 及較佳為須含至少88%脂肪酸酯,更佳為至少89%,例如 至少90%或至少91%,特別是至少92%脂肪酸酯。 15 以總組成物計,兩性分子(例如脂質)存在之量通常為 至少約1重量%至約100重量%,例如至少25重量%或至 少50重量%,或至少75重量%,或至少100重量%,較佳 量常在25至90重量%之間,例如40至90重量%,特別 是40 1 85重量%、45至80重量%或50至75重量%。 20 通常,於根據本發明之組成物中,非水性液體溶劑的 濃度以組成物重量計,為約0至約99重量%,至少約10 重量%,例如,至少20、30、40、50、60、或70重量%, 或多達9 9重量%。 換言之,組成物中非水性液體溶劑的濃度以總組成物 27 200534863 重量計,在相當於約0至約99%之範圍内,例如,約 15%-85%、約 20%-80%、约 25%-75%、约 25%·70%、約 25%-65%、約 25%-60%、約 25%-55%、或約 25%·50%。 形成黏稠液體組成物時,除了包含兩性分子、非水性 5 溶劑、及醫藥活性劑以外,可進一步包含分子量至多20G0 道爾頓之兩性物質、或乳化劑或界面活性劑。張力界面活 性劑[陰離子性、陽離子性、非離子性,例如山梨聚糖酯類、 山梨聚糖聚乙二轉酯類(聚山梨薄SI類)]、極性脂質、廉 脂、卵磷脂、棕櫚醯基胞壁酸(ΡΜΑ)、具表面活性性質之 10 物質例如特定纖維素衍生物、山梨聚糖油酸醋、山梨聚糖 月桂酸酯、羊毛脂與其衍生物及羊毛脂之乙氧基化衍生物 (Aqtialose W20、Aqxialose L30 與 Aqtmlose L75)亦為用於 根據本發明組成物之適當結構劑之實例。山梨聚糖酯類可 為山梨糠醇的部分酯及其與脂肪酸之單酸酐及二酸酐之一 15 系列混合物。 於根據本發明之組成物中作為結構劑用的適當山梨聚 糖酯類之實例可為:山梨聚糖二異硬脂酸酯、山梨聚糖二 油酸酯、山梨聚糖單異硬脂酸酯、山梨聚糖單月桂酸酯、 山梨聚糖單油酸醋(例如,Span® 80,Sigma Aldrich 20 Chemical Co·)、山梨聚糖單棕櫚酸酯、山梨聚糖單硬脂酸 酯、山梨聚糖倍半異硬脂酸醋、山梨聚糖倍半油酸酯(例 如,Span® 83)、山梨聚糖三油酸酯、山梨聚糖倍半硬脂酸 酯、山梨聚糖三異硬脂酸酿、山梨聚糖三硬腊酸醋。 聚氧乙烯山梨聚糖脂肪酸酯類(聚山梨醇酯類)可為每 28 200534863 5 莫耳山梨糖醇及其酸酐轉與大約20莫耳 一系列祕咖類或山梨糖醇及其酸酐。^本文3當 聚山梨_類之實例為:聚山梨義2G、聚山梨醇醋21、 聚山梨醇酿40、聚山_6〇、聚山梨醇醋61、聚山梨 醇醋65、聚山梨醇酯8〇、聚山梨醇酯81、聚山梨醇醋以、 聚山梨醇酯120。 於進一步之具體實例中,甩於黏稠液體叙成物之適當 兩性分子包含生育驗類。「生育酚類」係指維生素έ或似 維生素Ε之物質、其衍生物及類似物。該名詞包含所有母φ W育酚及生育三烯醇衍生物例如甲基母育酚。詳言之,於本 說明文中,生育酴係選自包括對生育酴類、生育紛類之山 梨聚糖酯類、“_生育酚、d>a_生育酚、生育酚乙 酸鹽、d,l- a -生育酚乙酸鹽、d-a _生育酚琥珀酸鹽、d,t_ a -生育酚琥珀酸鹽、a _生育酚菸檢酸鹽、沒_生育酚 15菸鹼酸鹽、生育酚基聚乙二醇琥珀酸鹽例如心以_生育酚基 I乙一醇琥珀酸鹽或a •生育酴基聚乙二醇琥珀酸鹽、 及衍生物例如其脂肪酸酯衍生物與類似物之組群。用於根儀 據本發明組成物中之生育酚類可為d-a-30。於更詳細之具 體實例中’生育酴基聚乙二醇J0OO琥珀骏鹽(下文中以雄 20生素E TPGS或僅以TPGS表示)或dj-α •生育酚基聚乙二 醇1000琥珀酸鹽為適當之兩性分子Λ 脂肪酸酯類可為於接觸親水性介質(何如水或丙三醇) 時能形成黏稠結晶相者。彼等脂肪酸酯類亦具有生物黏著 性質。黏树液體組成物可為立方晶系(三個立方液晶相被詳 200534863 5 述其特徵:⑽心晶格、i〇原始鑽石晶格、與出)螺旋形⑽ gyroid))反向立方晶系、六方晶系、反向六方晶系、片晶、 微膝粒或反向微膠粒等相。本文中之「立方液晶相」意指 由適當物質(例如,脂肪酸與液體介質(例如,黏稠液體 介質或水性介質)組成之東力學上穩定、黏祠及光學各向同 f生之相立方液a曰相被預期係由緊密的反向微移粒構成。 15 「黏稠液體介質」-詞包4由兩性分子與非水性液體溶劑 、且成之"質。水性介質」一詞包括含水或另一親水性及與 水互溶物質(例如,丙三醇)之介質。本文中之「六方晶系 10相」及「反肖六方晶系相」分別用來敘述熱力學上穩定、 黏稠及光學各向異性之相,其特徵為具有二維之長程規射 性及係由適當物質(例如,脂肪酸酯)與液體介質(例如,黏 稱液體介質或水性介質)組成/微膠粒相」之特徵為具有 1維之長程規則性。微膠粒結構為具有雙層脂質球形殼的 月曰質體之起源。黏稠液晶相可使用偏極化光或利用X光繞 射圖式分析進行檢測及鑑定。立方液晶相通常為本發明組 成物中之較佳相,惟例如反向六方晶系及反向立方晶系液 晶相亦可為根據本發明組成物之液晶相。 醫藥活性劑 醫藥活性劑」係指任何具生物或藥理活性之物質或 包含抗原之物質;此名詞包含可用於治療或預防動物或人 類罹患的疾病或失調症、或調控任何動物或人類的生理狀 況之藥物,其亦包含於投與有效量後,對活細胞或生物具 有作用的任何生物活性化合物或組成物。醫藥活性劑包 30 200534863 含,惟不限於,蛋白質、胜肽、小分子藥物、脂質藥物或 核酸藥物(例如,DNA、RNA、反義股、核酸代酶、DNA 酶)。 與本發明所有態樣相關的特別重要之活性物質之實例 5 可能為被開發用於治療疱疹病毒感染[1型與2型單純疱疹 病毒(HSV-1與HSV_2)、水痘帶狀病毒(VZV)、巨細胞病毒 (CMV)、愛彼斯坦-巴爾(Epstein-Barr)病毒(EBV)]之所謂抗 疱疹病毒劑。抗疱疹病毒劑包含抗病毒藥物及其前驅藥 物,例如核苷、核苷類似物、磷酸化之核苷(核苷酸)、核 10 苷酸類似物及其鹽、錯合物與前驅藥物;例如,鳥嘌呤核 苷類似物、去氧鳥嘌呤核苷類似物、鳥嘌呤、鳥嘌呤類似 物、胸腺核苷類似物、尿嘴咬類似物及腺嘌岭類似物。單 獨使用或與根據本發明組成物組合使用之抗疱疹病毒劑可 選自環孢子素、泛昔洛韋(famciclovir)、地昔洛韋 15 (deciclovir)、喷昔洛韋(penciclovir)、齊多夫錠 (zidovudine)、更昔洛韋(ganciclovir)、地丹諾辛 (didanosin) > 扎西他賓(zalcitabin)、伐昔洛韋 (valaciclovir)、索立夫鍵(sorivudine)、洛布卡韋 (lobucavir)、溴夫鍵(brivudine)、西多福韋(cidofovir)、正 20 廿二烧醇、ISIS-2922、及其前驅藥物與類似物。兹於下文 敘述有關適於與本發明組合使用的活性物質之細節以及其 他活性物質。 如上述,活性物質之重要實例為抗病毒劑,例如核苷 或核苷類似物,例如選自環孢子素、泛昔洛韋、地昔洛韋、 31 200534863 喷昔洛韋、齊多夫錠、更昔洛韋、地丹諾辛、扎西他賓、-伐昔洛韋、索立夫錠、洛布卡韋、溴夫錠、西多福韋、正 廿二烧醇、ISIS-2922及其前驅藥物與類似物者。然而,尚 有本身具有如本文界定之低溶解性之許多其他藥物或其具 5低溶解性之鹽、酯、前驅藥物或前驅體亦可能為本發明組 成物中之重要活性物質。再者,亦有大量藥物,呈單一活 性物質(只要達到溶解性標準)或者另一活性物質組合,可 有利地併入根據本發明之組成物中。下文列出可併入根據 本發明組成物中單獨或組合使用之許多活性物質。特別以· 10 抗疱疹病毒劑與糖皮質類固醇之組合最重要。 有關施用於皮膚或黏膜表面之特別重要之藥物實例 為:環孢子素、泛昔洛韋、利巴韋林(ribavirin)、齊多夫錠 更昔洛韋、地丹諾辛、扎西他賓、伐昔洛韋、金剛胺、金 剛乙胺、膦曱酸鈉、蛾苷、氟尿嘧啶、干擾素及其變異體 15包括《·干擾素、干擾素、r-干擾素、ω-干擾素、曲金 剛胺、香兹糖、左氧氟沙辛(levofloxacin)、司他夫鍵 (stavudine)、達可寧(tacrine)、維司力農(vesnarinone)、安 ^ 普利根(ampligen)、阿替韋鍵(atevirdine)、地拉韋錠 (delavirdine)、 羥基脲、硫酸印地那韋(indinavir)、介白素 20 -2融合毒素、絲拉根(seragen)、干安能(lamivudine)、利達 可(lidakol)、奈韋拉平(nevirapine)、娃RNA水解酵素、沙 奎那韋(saquinavir)、拓樸替康(topotecan)、維替泊芬 (verteporfin)、維拉列斯(viraplex)、CMV免疫球蛋白、依 法里斯(Efalith)、依培夫鍵(epervudine)、鬼臼脂素、丙帕 32 200534863 鍺(proxigermanium)、利福布丁(rifabutin)、溴乙烯基去氧 尿苷、幽克蘭(ukrain)、西多福韋、口米啥莫特(imiquimod)、 干安能、索立夫旋、阿福韋生(afovirsen)、氨萘非特 (amonafide)、金絲桃素、普洛韋(provir)、替莫泊芬 5 (temoporfin)、甘胺酸阿比可林(apbidicolin)、伊波卡韋 (ibobucavir)、維仁(virend)、AL-721、安普利根、阿立酮 (arildone)、溴夫錠、CD4、2-去氧基-D-葡萄糖、地昔洛韋 (desciclovir)、二氟黃烧、地丹諾辛、二硫卡鈉(ditiocarb sodium)、依度尿普(edoxudine)、恩韋蔣(enviroxime)、非 10 西他濱(fiacitabine)、肌苷Pranobex、胜肽T、司他夫錠、 曲巴韋林(tribavirin)、曲氟尿苷(trifluridine)、阿糖腺苷 (vidarabine)、扎西他賓、咪康嗤(miconazole)、梭鏈孢酸納、 紅黴素、大環内酯、NSAID’s、胜肽胰島素、多黏菌素、 麥培利辛(myperizin)、抗生素、辂驗硫糖鋁、蔗糖八硫酸 15 鹽、柳酸、尿素、過氧化苯甲醯、米諾地爾(minoxidil)、 類肝素、胺甲喋呤、環孢素(ciclosporin) 〇 具有潛在重要性的物質列表包含下述組群之物質:氟 化鈉、消炎藥物例如異丁苯丙酸、消炎痛、萘普生 (naproxen)、待克菲那(diclofenac)、托芬那酸(tolfenamic 20 acid)、吼羅昔康(piroxicam)等;麻醉藥拮抗劑例如,那諾 松(naloxone)、丙烯嗎ϋ非等;抗帕金森氏症劑例如,漠麥角 環肽、安克痙、苯海索(benzhexol)、苄托品(benztropine) 等;抗抑鬱劑例如,丙咪畊、去甲替林(nortriptyline)、普 利替林(pritiptylene)等;抗生素劑例如,克林黴素 33 200534863 (clindamycin)、紅黴素、梭鏈孢酸、健大黴素、莫匹羅新 (mupirocien)、安福黴素(amfomycin)、新黴素、滅滴靈、 磺胺嘧啶銀鹽、磺胺甲二唑、桿菌肽、新黴素B、多黏菌 素B、阿昔托黴素(acitromycin)等;抗真菌劑例如,咪康 5 唑、酮康唑(ketoconazole)、克黴唑、兩性黴素B、製黴菌 素、新安替根(mepyramin)、益康唑(econazole)、氟康唑 (fluconazole)、氟胞嘧啶、灰黃黴素、聯苯苄唑 (bifonazole)、阿莫羅芬(amorolfine)、黴可寧(mycostatin)、 伊措康嗤(itraconazole)、特比萘芬(terbenafine)、特康口坐 10 (terconazole)、髮癬退等;抗微生物劑例如滅滴靈、四環素 類、氧基四環素等;止吐劑例如滅吐靈、達派唆醇、氟派 啶醇、異丙畊等;抗組織胺藥物例如馬來酸氣苯吡胺、特 非那啶(terfenadine)、曲普利啶(triprolidine)等;抗偏頭痛 藥物例如二氫麥角胺、麥角胺、苯噻啶(pizotyhne)等;冠 15 狀動脈、中樞或周邊血管擴張劑例如尼非待平 (nifedipine)、帝俠鎮(diltiazem)等;抗心絞痛藥物例如硝 酸甘油酯、二硝酸異山梨醇酯、嗎多明(molsidomine)、異 博停(verapamil)等;鈣通道封阻劑例如異博停、尼非待平、 帝俠鎮、尼卡地平(nicardipine)等;激素劑例如雌二醇、雌 20 酮、雌三醇、聚雌二醇、聚雌三醇、雙烯雌紛、二乙基己 烯雌酚、黃體酮、二氫麥角错醇、環丙氣地孕酮、達那唑 (danazol)、睪酮等;避孕劑例如乙炔基雌二醇、利奈孕酮 (lynestrenol)、炔諾二醇(ethynodiol)、炔諾酮、炔雌醇甲醚、 甲基炔諾酮、左炔諾孕酮、去氧孕烯、甲基羥孕酮等;抗 34 200534863 血栓阻塞劑例如肝素、苄丙酮香豆素等;利尿劑例如雙氫 氣噻畊、氟苯桂畊、長壓定等;抗高血壓劑例如心得安、 美多心安、可樂寧、心得靜等;皮質類固醇類例如氣地米 松、倍他米松、倍他米松-17-戊酸鹽、倍他米松-二丙酸鹽、 5 氯氟美松、氣氟美松-17-丁酸鹽、氯氟美松_丙酸鹽、地奈 德(desonide)、去經米松(desoxymetasone)、地塞米松、二 氟可隆(diflucortolone)、氟美松(flumethasone)、氟美松-三曱基乙酸鹽、膚西奈德(fluocinolone acetonide)、乙酸膚 輕松、氫化可的松、氫化可的松·17-丁酸鹽、氫化可的松 10 _17-丁酸丙酸鹽、甲基去氫潑尼松、去炎松、布地奈德 (budesonide)、氣氟松、乙酸氟潑尼(flupredinide acetate)、 阿可米松(alklometasone)•二丙酸鹽、氟考龍 (fluocortolone)、氟替卡松(fluticason)-丙酸鹽、莫米松 (mometasone)- σ夫喊甲酸鹽、去氧美松、二氟拉松 15 (diflurasone)-二乙酸鹽、哈喧諾(halquinol)、氣蛾經喧 (cliochinol)、氯齊那多(chlorchinaldol)等;皮膚科藥劑例 如呋喃妥因、地蒽酚(dithranol)、氣破羥喹、羥基喹淋、異 維 A 酸(isotretionin)、甲氧沙林(methoxsalen)、胺甲嗓呤、 維生素A酸、三甲沙林(trioxsalen) '柳酸、青黴胺等;類 20 固醇例如雌二醇、黃體酮、炔諾酮、黃體激素 (levonorgestrol)、炔諸二醇、左快諾孕酮、諾孕酿 (norgestimate)、烯丙雌烯醇、去氧孕烯(desogestrel)、3-酮基-去氧孕稀、地美孕酮(demegestone)、美雌齡 (promethoestrol)、睪酮、安體舒通、及其醋類;确基化合 35 200534863 物例如硝基戊酯類、硝基甘胺酸與硝酸異山梨醇酯類;類 鵪片劑化合物例如嗎_與似嗎啡之藥物例如丁丙諾非 (buprenorphine)、羥嗎啡酮、氫嗎啡酮、羥甲左嗎南、芬 太尼(fentanyl)、及芬太尼衍生物與類似物;前列腺素例如 5 PGA、PGB、PGE、或PGF系列之一員,例如,米索前列 醇(misoprostol)、前列腺素e2、卡前列素(Carboprost)或伊 那洛替(enaprostil);苯甲醯胺類例如滅吐靈、莨菪胺;胜 肽例如生長激素釋放因子、生長因子[上皮細胞生長因子 (EGF)、神經生長因子(NGF)、TGF、PDGF、胰島素生長因 10 子(IGF)、纖維母細胞生長因子(FGFa、FGF召等)等]、生 長激素釋放抑制因子、降躬素、腺島素、J&L管加壓素、干 擾素、介白素例如IL-1、IL_12、IL-21、尿激酶、舍雷肽 酶(serratiopeptidase)、超氧物歧化酶(SOD)、促甲狀腺素釋 放因子(TRH)、促黃體激素釋放激素(LH_RH)、促腎上腺皮 15 質素釋放因子(erf)、生長激素釋放激素(GHRH)、催產素、 促紅血球生成素(EP0)、群落刺激因子(CSF)等;黃嘌吟類 例如咖_驗、茶驗;兒茶酴胺類例如麻黃素、舒喘靈、特 布他林(terbutaline);二氫吡啶類例如尼非待平 (nifedipine);噻畊化物例如雙氫氣噻畊、氣苯桂畊;其他 20 例如丙胺太林(propanthelin)、硝酸銀、酵素如鏈球菌激酶、 鏈道酶;維生素例如維生素A、維生素A酸、異維A酸、 阿維A (acitretin)、維生素D、卡泊三醇(carcipotriol)、干 擾素-a _2b、二硫化硒、吡硫翁(pyrethione)。一般將瞭解, 本發明之組成物亦可包含活性物質之組合物,例如活性物 36 200534863 負連同其潛力劑。當然亦可瞭解,於對活性物質(例如關於 溶解性)無特定要求之本發明態樣中,具有治療或預防活性 之任何物質均可併入組成物中。 用於黏稠液體組成物之醫藥上可接受之賦形劑 5 本發明之一態樣係關於其中於室溫至少部分黏稠液體 組成,可被特定醫藥上可接受之賦形劑取代之組成物。添 加醫藥上可接受之賦形劑至黏稠液體組成物或前驅體組成 =中一般會導使黏稠液體組成物瓦解。因此,此等物質通 吊添加很小/農度,例如,以總組成物計之約1至$重量 w %。特定醫藥上可接受之賦形劑可添加較大濃度而對組成 ^勿之生物醫藥性質沒有任何實質上負面的影冑。因此,此 專賦形劑的,農度可為至少约5重量%,例如,至少約$、9、 10、15或20重量%。 適δ醫藥上可接受之賦形劑之實例見諸例如選自包括 15下,群之惰性稀釋劑或填充劑:蔗糖、山梨糖醇、糖' 甘路糖%、微晶纖維素、羧▼基纖維素鈉、甲基纖維素、 =丙基甲基纖維素、乙基纖維素、澱粉類例如馬鈴薯澱粉、 炭酸鈣、氣化鈉、乳糖、磷酸鈣、硫酸鈣、磷酸鈉、及多 Τ例如缓甲基纖維素、幾丁聚糖、果膠、黃原糖膠、鹿角 20菜膠、刺槐豆膠、阿拉伯膠、明膠、海藻酸鹽、葡聚醣及 其鹽。 可/合於第二物質或液晶相中之適當醫藥賦形劑之實例 為例如山梨聚糖酯類如聚山梨醇酯類;及聚乙二醇類。本 文中,洛劑例如水、丙三醇、醇類如乙醇與異丙醇等,為 37 200534863 液體介質之實例而不擬為可溶性醫藥上可接受賦形劑之實 例0 醫藥組成物及投與途徑 渗透性遞送系統之黏稠液體組成物意欲供非經腸投與 5及供對皮膚或黏膜之局部投與用。其他應用當然亦具相關 性’例如’施用於假牙、義肢及施用於體腔例如口腔。黏 膜較佳為選自口、鼻、耳、肺、直腸、陰道、及胃腸黏膜。 根據本發明供投與用之生物黏著性組成物亦可呈多單 位組成物之形式,例如,呈粉劑之形式。多單位組成物可 10投與皮膚或黏膜,較佳為黏膜係選自口、鼻、直腸、耳、 陰道、肺、及胃腸黏膜。最佳者為意欲供投與胃腸道之生 物黏著性組成物。 根據本發明之供施用於皮膚之生物黏著性組成物可包 3以組成物總重量計’濃度為至少1 5 % w/w之多聽。該多 15醣較佳為選自包括羧甲基纖維素、幾丁聚糖、果膠、黃原 糖膠、鹿角菜膠、刺槐豆膠、阿拉伯膠、明膠、海藻酸鹽、 葡聚醣及其鹽之組群。彼等組成物可容易地施敷於傷口, 般認、為其可自傷口抽取水,因而使傷口乾燥。除了活性 或保護物質及具生物黏著性之脂肪酸酯物質外,根據本發 2〇明使用之生物黏著組成物可包含醫藥或化粧品上可接受之 賦形劑或一般用於醫藥組成物之添加劑。 生物黏著組成物可呈例如喷霧劑、溶液、分散液、懸 浮液、乳液、粉劑、凝膠包括水膠體、糊狀物、軟膏、霜 劑、獸用藥水、遞送裝置、栓劑、灌腸劑、植入物、氣溶 38 200534863 膠、微膠囊、微球體、奈米粒劑、脂質體、敷料、繃帶、 膏藥、牙膏、護牙組成物等形式,及呈其他形式,彼等可 根據習知醫藥慣例,參見,例如,”Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences “ and “Encyclopedia of 5 Pharmaceutical Technology^% edited by Swarbrick, J. & J. C· Boylan,Marcel Dekker,Inc·,New York, 1988 予以調製。根 據本發明使用之生物黏著組成物中之醫藥上可接受之賦形 劑可為,例如,惰性稀釋劑或填充劑,例如蔗糖、山梨糖 醇、糖、甘露糖醇、微晶纖維素、羧甲基纖維素鈉、曱基 10 纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素、乙基纖維素、澱粉類例如馬 鈴薯澱粉、碳酸#5、氣化鈉、乳糖、磷酸鈣、硫酸鈣或磷 酸納;及潤滑劑包括滑移劑與抗黏合劑,例如,硬脂酸镁、 硬脂酸鋅、硬脂酸、矽石類、氫化植物油或滑石粉。其他 醫藥上可接受之賦形劑可為著色劑、調味劑、增塑劑、潤 15 濕劑、緩衝劑、增溶劑、釋放調節劑等。供施敷於直腸或 陰道黏膜之根據本發明使用之適當組成物包含栓劑(乳液 或懸浮液型)、懸浮液、溶液、灌腸劑、及直腸用明膠膠囊 (溶液或懸浮液)。適當之醫藥上可接受之栓劑基底包括可 可脂、酯化之脂肪酸、甘油化之明膠、及各種水溶性或可 20 分散基底如聚乙二醇類及聚氧乙烯山梨聚糖脂肪酸酯類。 亦可併入各種添加劑例如增強劑或界面活性劑。 施敷於鼻黏膜時,供吸入用之鼻喷霧劑與氣溶膠可為 根據本發明使用之適當組成物。於典型之鼻用調配物中, 可將活性成分溶解或分散於適當媒劑中。存在組成物中之 39 200534863 醫藥上可接受之媒劑與賦形劑及視需要之其他醫藥上可接· 受之物質例如稀釋劑、增強劑、調味劑、防腐劑等,均以 熟習調配醫藥劑技藝人士瞭解之方法,根據習知醫藥慣例 予以選定。 5 施敷於口腔、牙齒、皮膚或指曱時,根據本發明使用 之組成物可含習知無毒之醫藥上可接受之載劑及賦形劑包 括微球體與脂質體。彼等調配物包括霜劑、軟膏、洗液、 搽劑、凝膠、水膠體、懸浮液 '溶液、棒狀物、喷霧劑、 糊狀物、敷料、繃帶、膏藥、牙膏、護牙組成物等。醫藥φ 10上可接受之载劑或賦形劑可包含乳化劑、安定劑、抗氧化 劑、級衝劑、防腐劑、潤濕劑、滲透增強劑、螯合劑、凝 膠形成劑、軟膏基底、香料及皮膚保護劑。 乳化劑之實例可為天然存在之膠類例如阿拉伯膠或黃 考膠、天然存在之填脂類例如大豆卵磷脂與單油酸山梨聚 15糖酯衍生物。抗氧化劑之實例可為丁基化之羥基甲苯醚 (BHA)、抗壞血酸及其衍生物、α -生育酚及其衍生物、維 生素Ε、二氧化硫之鹽、半胱胺酸、檸檬酸、棕櫚酸抗壞 企酸酯、丁羧基甲苯、複合劑、螯合劑、焦亞硫酸納、EDTA 及五倍子酸酯類。防腐劑之實例可為對羥苯甲酸酯類,例 20如對羥苯甲酸甲酯、羥苯甲酸乙酯、羥苯甲酸丙酯、羥苯 甲酸丁酯、經苯甲酸異丁酯、羧苯甲酸異丙酯、山梨酸鉀、 山梨酸、苯甲酸、苯甲酸甲酯、苯氧基乙醇、溴硝醇、溴 石肖噚烷、MDM乙内醯脲、丁基胺甲酸峨丙炔酯、EDTA、 丙二醇(增加防腐劑之溶解性)、氣化苄烷銨、苄基醇、二 200534863 乙酸洗必太(chlorhexidine diacetate)、二葡萄糖酸氯己定、 氣丁醇、苯乙醇、酚類(苯酚、鄰甲酚、對甲酚、氣甲酚、 三種甲酚之混合物)、烷醇類(氯丁醇、苯乙醇山梨酸、 及汞化合物例如硝酸苯基汞。潤濕劑之實例可為甘油、丙 二醇、山梨糖醇及尿素。根據本發明使用之適當釋放調節 劑可為丙三醇、芝麻油、黃豆油、卵磷脂及膽固醇。滲透 增強劑之實例可為油酸、丙二醇、DMS0、三乙醇胺、n,N-一甲基乙醯胺、N,N_二甲基甲醯胺、2-吼洛咬酮與其衍生 物、四氫呋喃醇及Azone。螯合劑之實例可為EDTA鈉、 10 15
才爭檬酸及磷酸。用於根據本發明使用之組成物中之其他鬼 形劑之實例可為食用油例如杏仁油、蓖麻油、可可脂、相 子油、玉米油、棉籽油、亞麻仁油、橄欖油、棕櫚油、衣 生油、罌粟籽油、菜籽油 '芝麻油、黃豆油、葵花油、
茶籽油;聚合物例㈣甲基纖維素、綾甲基纖維素納、7 丙基甲基纖維素' 經乙基纖維素、經丙基纖維素、幾丁 ; 糖、果膠、黃原糖膠、鹿角菜膠、刺槐豆膠、阿拉伯膠 明膠、與海藻酸鹽’·溶劑例如丙三醇、乙醇、丙二醇、男 ^二醇類例如觸與PEG侧、ρι则仏、聚山梨理 I:-及,乙二醇。軟^基底之實例可為蜜蠟、石蠟、棕櫚趣 二S曰I物油、脂肪酸之山梨聚糖酯類(Sp⑽⑧)、 ar οροί®聚乙一醇類、及脂肪酸之山梨聚糖酯類與環· 乙烧之縮合產物,例如雙_ (Tween⑧氧乙烯山梨聚糖單油酸齡 醫藥上可接又之载劑部分可由投與之特定組成物,以 20 200534863 及由用於投與该組成物之特定方法決定。因此,存在多種 供投與黏稠液體組成物中之醫藥活性成分用的醫藥組成物 之適當調配物(參見,例如,心刎„以〇心以似則 Sciences, Mack Publishing Co.? Easton, PA 18th ed.9 1990 ^ 5併入本文以資參考)。彼等醫藥組成物通常調配為無菌、實 質上等張,且完全符合美國食品藥物管理局的所有優良製 造規範(GMP)規定。 關於「性能改良劑」係意指協助增進脂質系懸浮媒劑 的穩定性及/或性能之彼等物質。於一些具體實例中,此等 10增進包括利用修改媒劑黏性或其他性質而改變已為脂質在 非水性溶劑中之穩定溶液的二成分媒劑之性質。本發明之 其他態樣包括增進其一成分於另一成分中之溶解性,因而 穩定該媒劑。 可減少兩性系懸浮媒劑與水性介質接觸後有時形成的 15堅硬相之性能改良劑包含,惟不限於,乙酸乙酯、芝麻油、 石黃基琥珀酸二辛酯、膽固醇、聚山梨醇酯20、聚山梨醇酯 80、硫酸十二酯鈉、脂肪酸如油酸、硬脂酸、亞麻油酸、 肉莖蔻酸、乙酸生育酚酯 '及維生素E TPGS。 為共溶劑,具有溶解速率增強劑、相改良劑、黏性改 20 良劑或處理助劑等作用之性能改良劑包含,惟不限於,乙 醇、生育酚類、植物油(芝麻油、棉籽油、紅花籽油、椰子 油、黃豆油、橄欖油)、辛酸/癸酸三酸甘油酯類、乙酸乙 酯、苄基醇、甘油呋喃甲醛、油酸乙酯、N,N-二甲基乙醯 胺、聚酯(polyoxaester)液體聚合物、N-甲基σ比略咬酮、 42 200534863 肉苴蔻酸異丙酯、 ‘月桂醇、及其組 聚山梨醇酯80、聚山梨醇酯20、蓖麻油、 三乙酸甘油酯、聚乙二醇、乳酸月桂酉旨 合物。 根據本發明之性能改良劑可用於,似1 ^ 例如,增進脂質系 5懸浮媒劑之穩定性及/或流動性。舉例而言,使用性能改良 劑有助於軟化出射口處由於懸浮媒劑與水性介質(例如,體 液)接觸產生的構成物(例如,堅硬凝膠類)。性能改良劑, 例如,共溶劑,由於相較於非水性溶劑,脂質於共^劑中 溶解度增加,因此亦可加速懸浮媒劑與懸浮液之製備。性 10能改良劑亦可用於減少小組成變動之黏性差異。 關於「懸浮媒劑」係意指醫藥活性劑於其中實質上不 :谷。實質上不溶的物質通常在含該懸浮液之劑型之整個使 用期限内均保持其原有性質。例如,固體微粒即通常保持 顆粒狀。如果需要,則懸浮媒劑可具有溶於其中之其他物 15 質。 關於「堅硬凝膠類」係意指與水性介質接觸後,於懸 浮媒劑或醫藥懸浮液内形成之凝膠類,其可能柔軟惟實質 上夠硬而阻止物質自劑型流出。 進一步地,將履行組成物中個別成分之相關組成物及 20條件於申請專利範圍中提出專利申請並敘述於下文實例 中。 【實施方式】 實例1 包含治療用蛋白質或藥物之液體黏稠組成物之例示具 43 200534863 體實例為於〗,2_二油醯基-sn-甘油_3_磷脂醯膽鹼(D〇PC): N-甲基吡咯啶酮(ΝΜΡ) (3:〗 w/w)液體組成物或DOPC :乳 酸月桂酯(LL) (3:2 w/w)液體組成物中之蛋白質ω·干擾素 (ω -IFN>。結果摘要證明(1)發生蛋白質自液體黏稠組成物 5 釋入水性介質槽中;(2) ω -IFN自包含乳酸月桂醋:d〇PC 媒劑之組成物之釋放率證明釋放以治療有效速率發生而證 實可行性;(3)於無水懸浮液中之很穩定;(4)組合 DOPC或DMPC之α·生育盼可進一步包含化合物以修改媒 劑本身之流變性質。 1〇 此研究之目的為:(a)評估40°C時ω-干擾素在由脂質 (1,2-二油醯基-sn-甘油-3_磷脂醢膽鹼(DOPC))與溶劑(乳酸 月桂酯(LL)或N-甲基吡咯啶酮(NMP))組成的媒劑中之初 步穩定性;(b)研究ω -干擾素自彼等溶劑至水性介質中之 釋放;及(C)於釋放率研究中評估使用脂質系媒劑之τι即筒性 15 能。 1·1研究計劃
表1 :各種物質之特徵鑑定 物質 試驗 方法 ΝΜΡ 過氧化物含量 ΕΡ 2000 2.5.5 方法 A 或Oxis法 媒劑 水分含量 Karl Fischer 蛋白質粒劑 蛋白質含量 RP-HPLC 及 SEC 懸浮液之製備及評估 使用對照組粒劑(1:2:1蛋白質··蔗糖:甲硫胺酸及25 200534863 mM檸檬酸鹽緩衝劑)供研究用。粒劑裝填量大約1 0〇/〇 ’相 當於1.67%之藥物裝填量,與25微克/天之單位劑量一致。 氮氣下,於乾燥箱中製備懸浮液。懸浮液組成如表2 與表3所示。 表2 : DOPC/NMP調配物之组成 -一. -— DOPC/NMP 調配物 ID PDP7-176-1, 3 __ 顆粒來源 於Palo Alto設備中 喷霧乾燥 _- 媒劑載荷量(3:1 DOPC.· NMP) 90% ------- 顆粒載荷量 10% _ 蛋白質濃度 1.67% —.-—
5 表3 : DOPC/LL調配物之組成 DOPC/LL調配物ID PDP7-176-2, 4 -^~~———- 顆粒來源 於Palo Alto設備中 喷霧乾燥 媒劑載荷量(3:2 DOPC: LL) 90% 顆粒載荷量 10% 蛋白質濃度 1.67% 於40X:,氮氣下,在冷凍乾燥瓶中貯存後,測定懸浮 液的穩定性。於t = 0、2、及4週(每個時間點5毫克ω · 干擾素),測定三重複之穩定性試樣。使用RP_HPLC進行 分析以測定有關氧化及脫醯胺化之純度,使用SEC測定有 10 關凝集及沉澱的純度。 於Vacutainers®中,進行6毫克調配物於2毫升填酸 45 200534863 鹽緩衝鹽液(PBS)中之溶解研究。彼等試樣於40°C保溫, 並於t = 0、1、3、及7天進行測試。 於產生t=0穩定性及t=l週溶解試樣結果(假設蛋白質 回收量合理)後,製備釋放率調配物。 表4 :對Exp. PDP7-176中的活力毛細管試樣擬進行 之試驗及觀察 擬進行之試驗 試驗頻率及細節 以X光測定活塞位置 於將膜浸入PBS緩衝液之前 及其後大約每隔兩週 定量從植入物釋出之可 溶與不可溶ω-干擾素 每週大約收集試樣兩次;以 HPLC或其他分析方法定量 蛋白質;使用胍HC1使不溶 性蛋白質再溶解。 玻璃毛細管之視覺觀察 大約每週一次;玻璃管浸於 PBS 中。 進水玻璃毛細管中的水 之視覺測量 每週一次;玻璃管浸於PBS 中。 5 懸浮液之製備 製備供穩定性及溶解測試用之懸浮液,目標批量大小 2.0克。此批量大小係由所需蛋白質粒劑量決定。氮氣下,_ 於乾燥箱中製備懸浮液。 供釋放率、穩定性、與溶解試驗用的乳酸月桂酯/DOPC媒 10 劑與懸浮液之製備 1.預熱熱板至維持80°c之標的物表面溫度。 2·稱取 3.00 克 DOPC。 3.稱取2.00克LL。 4·於熱板上加熱至80°C,用手以不銹鋼量匙攪混。 15 5·移取2.025克媒劑,添加0.225克蛋白質粒劑。 46 200534863 6 ·用手以不鱗鋼量匙將蛋白質粒劑併入媒劑中。置於熱板 上加溫下,繼續動手混合懸浮液1 5分鐘。 7·將懸浮液裝填於注射器中,於真空下除氣,將注射器密 封’低溫冷藏。 5 供釋放率試驗用的NMP/DOPC媒劑與懸浮液之製備 1·預熱熱板至維持80°C之標的物表面溫度。 2·稱取 3·75 克 DOPC。 3·稱取 1·25 克 ΝΜΡ。 4·於熱板上加熱至80°C,用手以不銹鋼量匙攪混。 修 10 5·移取2·025克媒劑,添加0·225克蛋白質粒劑。 6·用手以不銹鋼量匙將蛋白質粒劑併入媒劑中。置於熱板 上加溫下,繼續動手混合懸浮液15分鐘。 7·將懸浮液裝填於注射器中,於真空下除氣,將注射器密 封,低溫冷藏。 b 1·2粒劑之製備 將蛋白質-賦形劑溶液喷霧乾燥,得到經喷霧乾燥之粒 劑。粒徑大小可為直徑约i至約1〇微米。製造粒劑的其他鲁 程序包括,惟不限於,冷凍乾燥或超臨界流體處理。 1 · 3系統组裝 將液體組成物之懸浮液裝載入滲透性遞送裝置之調配 物腔至中’以組裝系統。於滲透性遞送裝置外殼緩緩旋上 t I孔的螺帽1射小孔作為釋放液體組成物之擴散調 實例2 47 200534863 表5顯示治療用蛋白質,ω·干擾素,於非水性液體溶 劑中之解ϋ。共鏗定十三種非水性液體溶劑,俾使根據 ω-干擾素之溶解性開發出溶液調配物或懸浮液調配物。位 於上方的溶劑,例如,乳酸月桂酯,為具潛力之懸浮液溶 劑。與ω _干擾素組合時,例如丙三醇縮甲醛、苯甲酸苄酯、 DMSO、或甘油等溶劑之性質變成潛在之溶液溶劑。 ίο 例如丙三醇甲縮醛、苯甲酸苄酯、DMS〇、或甘油等 非水性液體溶劑係用於與小分子治療藥物、治療性脂質前 驅藥物、或治療用蛋白質組合,以與藥物形成懸浮液調配鲁 物。再者,例如乳酸月桂酯、月桂醇、NMP、乙醇、pEG 4〇〇、 1:1苯甲酸苄酯··节基醇、苄基醇、己基乳酸乙酯等非水性 液體溶劑係用於與小分子治療藥物、治療性脂質前驅藥 物、或治療用蛋白質組合,以與藥物形成懸浮液調配物。 表5: ω-干擾素在非水性液體溶蜊中之溶解性 溶劑 以UV測定 之滚度(毫克 /毫升) 以 rp_HPLC 測定之濃度 以SEC測定 之濃度(毫克 /毫升) 預期濃度(毫 克/毫升) 乳酸月桂酯 <0.1 N/A N/A 10.00 月桂醇 <0.1 N/A N/A 10.00 ΝΜΡ <0.1 0.00 0.00 25.00 乙醇 <0.1 0.00 0.00 25.00 PEG 400 <0.1 0.00 0.00 25.00 1:1苯甲酸苄 酯:节基醇 <0.1 0.00 0.00 10.00 苄基醇 0.14 0.00 0.00 10.00 己基乳酸乙 酯 0.37 0.00 0.00 10.00 48 200534863 實例3 圖1顯示37°C時各種DOPC媒劑調配物之剪切速率效 應。經測試之DOPC媒劑調配物包括DOPC/DMSO (3:1)、 DOPC/Gly (2.45:1)、dopc/nmp (2:1)、DOPC/LL (2:1)、 5 D0PC/LA(2:1)。結果證明剪切速率增加的DOPC調配物具 有剪切稀薄性。剪切稀薄性為協助黏稠液體組成物製程之 重要性質。 實例4 圖2顯示溫度對DOPC調配物黏性之影響。於每秒0〇4鲁 10之剪切力下,測定不同溫度時各種DOPC調配物之黏性。 結果顯示DOPC調配物之黏性具有溫度依存性。 實例5 圖3顯示37°C時各種PHSPC媒劑調配物之剪切速率 效應。經測試之PHSPC媒劑調配物包括PHSPC/GF (1:1)、 15 PHSPC/LL (1:1)、PHSPC/LA (2:1)、PHSPC/GF (2·5:1)。結 果證明剪切速率增加的DOPC調配物具有剪切稀薄性。剪 切稀薄性為協助黏稠液體組成物製程之重要性質。 馨 實例6 圖4顯示溫度對PHSPC調配物黏性之影響。於每秒 20 0·04之剪切力下,測定不同溫度時各種PHSPC調配物之 黏性。結果顯示PHSPC調配物之黏性具有溫度依存性。 實例7 圖5展示利用偏光顯微鏡顯現之DOPC調配物,# 如,DOPC/NMP (3:1)、DOPC/LL (1:1)、DOPC/H2〇 (1·9) 49 200534863 之影像。所有試樣均為雙折射,表示於懸浮液中形成脂質 囊泡。 實例8 圖6展示利用偏光顯微鏡顯現之PHSPC調配物,例 5 如,PHSPC/GF (1:1)、PHSPC/LL (1:1)、PHSPC/H20 (1:9)、 PHSPC/LA (2:1),之影像。PHSPC/LL調配物非為雙折射, 表示PHSPC於LL中溶解。然而所有其他試樣均為雙折 射,表示於懸浮液中形成脂質囊泡。 實例9 10 表6摘錄脂質於各種溶劑中之溶解性與流變性。測定 之參數為於37t:之黏性(泊)、於37°C之剪切稀薄性(秒-1)、 溫度對黏性(泊)之影響。 表6:脂質於非水性液體溶劑中之流變性與溶解性 脂質 溶劑 脂質 溶劑U • • 37C之黏 性(泊) 37eC之剪 切稀薄性 (l/s) 溫度 效應 (°C) 黏性 備註 DOPC BA 1.35 1 對眼睛為 低黏性 DOPC BA 1.78 1 對眼睛為 低黏性 DOPC NMP 2 1 33000-170 0.04-10 5-47 114000- 1380 DOPC NMP 2.8 1 12900 0.04 5-70 12600- 8200 無應力清 除數據 DOPC NMP 3.5 1 19500 0.04 5-70 200000- 9000 無應力清 除數據 DOPC GF 0.5 1 對眼睛為 低黏性 DOPC GF 1 1 對眼睛為 低黏性 DOPC GF 2.45 1 10 無 無 50 200534863 DOPC DMSO 3 1 35000-700 0.04-2.5 5-70 5e4-5e3 DOPC LL 2 1 420000- 7QOQO 0.04-0.25 5-70 2e6- 4?5e4 DOPC LA 2 1 8760-870 0.04-1 10-35 3.75e5- 4.8e4 35 °C以上 凝膠瓦解 PHSPC GF 1 1 5220-440 0.04-1 5-70 5e3· -9.5e-l PHSPC GF 2.5 1 1300-700 0.04-1 10-70 2.25e4-2.8e2 PHSPC LL 1 1 13000-130 0.04-0.65 5-70 2e4-3 PHSPC LA 2 1 125 無 20-70 7e3-5 實例ίο 表7摘錄脂質媒劑之水分含量。脂質,例如,DOPC、 HSPC、PHSPC、或DMPC之水分含量係於室溫真空48小 時後測得。水分含量較低之脂質媒劑可被包含於黏稠液體 5 組成物中。 表7 :脂質水分含量 脂質 平均水分含量(%) DOPC 0.6+0.2 HSPC 1·85±0·64 PHSPC 1.02+0,52 DMPC 0.6 實例11 圖7顯示37°C時剪切速率對DOPC:LL媒劑調配物之 影響。所測試之媒劑調配物為DOPC/LL (3:2)。結果證明 51 200534863 剪切速率增加時,DOPC/LL調配物具有剪切稀薄性。於 0·014 秒 1 時,=412,000 泊;於 0.16 秒 1 時,=60,6〇〇 泊。於擴散調節器中,剪切速率為大約1(Τ4至1〇-2秒-1; 於混合器中,剪切速率為大約101至1〇2秒」。可調整 5 DOPC/LL比率,以達到適當黏性。 實例12 圖8顯示37°C時剪切速率對DOPC:NMP媒劑調配物 之影響。所測試之媒劑調配物為DOPC/NMP(3:l)。結果證 明剪切速率增加時,DOPC/NMP調配物具有剪切稀薄性。 10 於 0.024 秒]時,7? =310,000 泊;於 9.7 秒時,"=1,〇4〇 泊。可調整DOPC/LL比率,以達到適當黏性。 實例13 圖9顯示40°C時ω-干擾素於DOPC:LL懸浮液中之穩 定性。利用MeCl2:甲醇(95:5)或MeCl2:正丙醇(50:50)萃取 15 法,於0、2、及4週針對ω-干擾素之DOPC:LL懸浮液測 定ω-干擾素之二聚體、氧化物與脫醯胺化物之百分比。於 0週時,DOPC:LL懸浮液顆粒含有1.63%氧化物、1.45% 脫醯胺化物、7.94%未知物、與0.07%二聚體。ω-干擾素 之DOPC:LL懸浮液於40°C4週均很穩定。 20 實例14 表8顯示ω-干擾素自黏稠液體懸浮液,DOPC:NMP 或DOPC:LL之回收情形。於添加6毫克黏稠液體懸浮液 至2毫升釋放率介質(經磷酸鹽緩衝之0.8%鹽液)中後,測 定進行活體外釋放率回收之評估。自t = 0天至t = 7天測 52 200534863 定ω-干擾素自懸浮液至介質中之釋放。回收百分比係根據 黏稠液體懸浮液調配物中蛋白質濃度為1·67重量〇/(^十。、_ 果顯示於37°C保溫七天後,大於90%的可溶性 收0 5 表8 : ω-干擾素自黏稠液體懸浮液之西收 時間(天) 回收% NMP:DOPC 回收% LL:DOP€ 0 88.96 (5.56) 數據無效 7 -—--—I 95.09 (5.3) 91.16 (0.45) 回收%為3試樣之平均值(± SD)。 實例15 於實例14(表8)之研究中,DOPC:NMP黏稠液體懸浮 液顯示,自t = 0天至7天,可溶性ω-干擾素之回收稍微 10 增加。進行進一步實驗,以決定蛋白質之延遲釋入釋放率 介質中是否由於黏稠液體懸浮液在經磷酸鹽緩衝之鹽液 (PBS)中不溶解或分散。為了比較釋放率,乃於水性溶液中· 測定ω-干擾素濃度。添加正丙醇使脂質溶解,再測定ω-干擾素濃度,以決定添加非水性液體溶劑是否產生較高的 15 蛋白質回收。 圖10顯示正丙醇對從DOPC:NMP或DOPC:LL懸浮液 中回收ω-干擾素之影響。結果顯示,經正丙醇處理後’從 DOPC:NMP或DOPC:LL懸浮液回收入水相之總ω-IFN增 加。於玻璃帽及螺旋DM二遞送系統中均發生正丙醇處理 20 後之回收增加。 53 200534863 實例16 針對黏稠液體調配物’ DOPC:LL或D0PC:NMP,測定 水之進入模型擴散調節器中,參見圖U。經38天後之測 定結果,對黏稠液體調配物,DOPC:LL或D0PC:NMp而 5言,水進入擴散調節器毛細管中的距離均小於5毫米。相 較於DOPC:NMP調配物,於D0PC:LL調配物觀察^更少 之水進入。如圖11所示,已證實進入裝置中的水愈少,對 於自DUROS®滲透性遞送裝置之蛋白質遞送較為有利。 實例17 10 與脂質(例如,DOPC)組合之附加溶劑可用於供非經腸 藥物遞送的黏稠液體組成物之懸浮液調配物中。用於黏稠 液體調配物中之溶劑具有疏水性質,例如,芝麻油、維生 素(α-生育酚)、或矽藥用流體(SMF、聚二甲基矽氧烷)。 實例18 15 圖12顯示從立基於遞送裝置内的活塞移動之裝置所 釋放蛋白質平均值之測定數據。立基於活塞移動,目標為 遞送DOPC:LL黏稠液體調配物。於第7至21天及第21 至35天期間,容積流動速率前後一致。目標流動速率為每 天1_5微升。該黏稠液體調配物之密度假設大約為1克/毫 20 升。 實例19 囷13顯示遞送裝置中之活塞移動與從該裝置釋放的 蛋白質平均值相關。當目標根據遞送裝置之X光結果調整 時,從D〇PC:LL (3:2)調配物之可溶性0-干擾素釋放較接 54 200534863 近目標。以正丙醇處理釋放率試樣。目標係根據懸浮液中 可溶性ω_干擾素為1.03%而訂。 實例20 於40Ϊ時,〇_干擾素於D〇pc:芝麻油(1·5:1)黏稠液 體組成物中可穩定多達4週,參見表9。從斤〇週至卜4 週,顯示氧化百分比增加。從黏稠液體組成物的一致性及 黏性顯不於與脂質例如DOPC之組合中,可添加芝麻油作 為與維生素Ε (α-生育酚)之共溶劑。 素於DOPC··芝麻油黏橱液逋組成物中之箱定枝 ~« 遍 ~ -r~—--- 單體 (%) 二聚體 (%) -一----------------___ 丨丨 . 氧化 (%) -------—.............. - 脫越L胺化 (%) ------—-! 未知物 ί〇/Λ\ 喷霧乾燥粒劑 99.67 (0.01) 0.23 (0.01) 1.9 (0.39) V ^ ν / 2.02 (0.01) 7Λ7 (0.44) ㈣週 芝麻油:D〇PC 99.87 (0.03) 014 (0.03) 2.1 (0.17) 1.27 (0.37) 8.72 (0.82) t=2週 99.67 (0.02) 一 1 - - ❶·02 (0·01) 3.78 (0.03) 1-56 (0.04) 7.57 (0.56) —-----——. t=4週 1 - ----—-- 一芝麻油:DOPC 99.85 (0.00) 0.14 (0.01) 4.29 (0.13) 2.55 (〇.1〇) 5-59 (0.24) 歡據為4試樣之平均值(± SD)。 -~—— ίο 實例21 如表10所示,D0PC與各種溶劑組合(1:1重量比), 得到黏稠液體組成物。將脂質與溶劑混合,於持續攪混下, 15 f大約65至l〇〇°C間加熱。評估各種溶劑於組成物中之適 55 200534863 表10 :與脂質DOPC組合的各種溶劑之性質分析 溶劑 —----— 結果 維生素Ε (α-生育酚) —— 產生清澈凝膠 油酸乙酯 清澈、低黏性凝膠 辛酸/癸酸三酸甘油酯 清澈、低黏性凝膠 植物油(芝麻油、黃豆 油、棉狩油) 與DOPC,長期可ϋ 理分離 聚氧基35蓖麻油 (PEG 35蓖麻油) 與DOPC,長期可見i 理分離 矽藥用流體(SMF) DOPC於溶劑中不溶" 聚乙二醇400 (PEG) DOPC於溶劑中不溶~ 聚山梨醇酯20、80 DOPC於溶劑中不溶~ 繼 m 職 繼 實例22 作用 續進行 ·—— 續進行 續進行 製備各種重量比之包含DOPC與維生素e之懸浮媒 劑,測定其黏性。圖14顯示,組成變化量為5%時,黏性 5 增加兩個量級。於〇·75:1 DOPC:VitE比率時,分捲” ▲ τ 丁 减樣以肉眼 看來很稀,將試樣瓶斜置時,相當容易流動。於比率為〇 9ι 時’試樣看來較0·75:1更稠,將試樣瓶斜置時,仍可流動。 實例23 於實例22之懸浮媒劑中添加性能改良劑,希望減少由 10於組成中的小變化所產生之黏性大變化。結果顯示,對於 10重量❶/〇D〇PC之組成變化量,黏性之變化量小於1〇倍。 實例24 ° 製備各種重量比之包含DOPC與維生素E之懸浮媒 劑’使其暴露於水性介質。於一些實例中,使用PBS作為 15水性介質。於其他實例中,使用成年牛血清(Sigma產物 56 200534863 B2771,批次29H840〗)。從添加水性介質至懸浮媒劑起算 之0至24小時之不同時間點,於室溫觀察試樣。表1〗顯 示,在懸浮媒劑與水性介質接觸後,產生堅硬相,例如, 凝膠。此等堅硬相之形成可能導致含劑型的擴散調節器(例 5 如DUROS裝置)堵塞。 表11 :不含性能改良劑的各種懸浮媒劑舆水性介質接觸後之 性質分析 試樣(重量比) 添加之水性介質 (重量%) 結果:生成相之物理性質 DOPC:VitE 0.75:1 10% PBS 堅硬但柔靱 DOPC:VitE 0.75:1 25% PBS 堅硬但柔靱,水過量 DOPC:VitE 0.75:1 50% PBS 堅硬但柔靱,水過量 DOPC:VitE 1:1 10% PBS 堅硬但柔靱 DOPC:VitE 1:1 25% PBS 堅硬但柔靱,水過量 DOPC:VitE 1:1 50% PBS 堅硬但柔靱,水過量 DOPC:VitE 0.75:1 10%血清 堅硬,柔靱,但比添加PBS 時更易碎,水相過量 DOPC:VitE 0.75:1 2 5 %血清 堅硬,柔靱,但比添加PBS 時更易碎,水相過量 DOPC:VitE 0.75:1 50%血清 堅硬,柔靱,但比添加PBS 時更易碎,水相過量 實例25 製備包含DOP、與維生素E、與性能改良劑之懸浮媒 10 劑。於一些實例中,性能改良劑為芝麻油。於一實例中, 性能改良劑為乙酸乙酯。以PBS作為水性介質。從添加水 性介質至懸浮媒劑起算之0至24小時之不同時間點,於室 溫觀察試樣。表12顯示,與不含芝麻油或乙酸乙酯所製備 57 200534863 之懸浮媒劑不同地,懸浮媒劑與水性介質接觸後,產生柔 軟相。因此,添加芝麻油或乙酸乙酯會軟化添加水性介質 至不含性能改良劑之懸浮媒劑所產生的凝膠等。 表12 :含性能改良劑的各種懸浮媒劑與水性介質接觸後之性 5 質分析 _ 試樣(重量比) 添加之水性介質 (重量%) 結果··生成相之物理性質 DOPC:VitE 0.75:1 25% PBS,然後添 加10%乙酸乙酯 較柔軟 DOPC:溶劑 1·5 : 1 (溶劑=75:25 VitE : 芝麻油) 25% PBS 柔軟相,於瓶中極易移動 DOPC:溶劑 1,5 : 1 (溶劑;75:25 VitE : 芝麻油) 50% PBS 柔軟相,於瓶中極易移動 實例26 根據下文製備不含性能改良劑之包含DOPC與維生素 E之懸浮媒劑。 於玻璃罐中稱取適量DOPC,再稱取適量維生素E直 10 接添加於DOPC上。令混合物於90°C烘箱中保溫1〇分鐘· 後,將其移至Keyence Hybrid混合器中。此Hybrid混合 器係利用施加由物質容器旋轉及以特定半徑迴轉所產生之 大、持續、離心力而運作,在摻合其内容物之同時亦去除 物質中之氣泡。於Keyence混合器中混合20分鐘。於37 15 0C保溫隔夜後,於85°C熱板上加熱10分鐘。 用手以量匙攪混5分鐘。於9(TC烘箱中保溫試樣1〇 分鐘。將其移至Keyence Hybrid混合器中,於其内混合20 58 200534863 分鐘。於85°C熱板上加熱ι〇分鐘β 立用手以量匙攪混10分鐘。於9〇〇c烘箱中保溫試樣1〇 分鐘。將其移至Keyence Hybrid混合器中,於其内混合2〇 分鐘。於37°C保溫隔夜後,於85ΐ熱板上加熱15分鐘。 5 用手以量匙攪混10分鐘,將其移至Keyence Hybrid 混合器中,於其内混合2〇分鐘。 整個處理費時大約3天,獲得D0PC實質上溶於維生 素E中之懸浮媒劑。 實例27 ·
10 根據下文製備含性能改良劑(例如,乙醇)之包含D〇PC 與維生素E之懸浮媒劑。 稱取等重量份之乙醇與DOPC至試管中,於最高設定 處使混合物振盪1分鐘。於室溫令混合物靜置5分鐘。稱 取適量維生素β入相同試管中。加熱至l〇〇_12(rc,同時 15於完全真空下以彈簧混合刀片進行混合1.5至3小時。彈 質混合刀片主要為裝於平行桿上之彈簧。 整個處理費時大約4小時,獲得DOPC實質上溶於乙鲁 醇與維生素E之組合物中之懸浮媒劑。 實例28 2〇 製備包含D〇PC、維生素E、芝麻油、與ω-干擾素之
醫藥懸浮液。進行此懸浮液之穩定性測試,希望獲得長時 期穩定貯存之醫藥懸浮液。此醫藥懸浮液於37〇c保持為均 質調配物至少3個月。使用懸浮液外觀之視覺觀察及整個 懸浮液的藥物含量測定來決定懸浮液之均質性Q 59 200534863 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1顯示DOPC調配物具剪切稀薄性,一種使媒劑之 製程更容易之現象。 圖2顯示DOPC調配物之黏性被溫度控制。 5 圖3顯示PHSPC調配物具剪切稀薄性,一種使媒劑之 製程更容易之現象。 圖4顯示PHSPC調配物之黏性被溫度控制。 圖5顯示DOPC調配物於偏光顯微鏡下之影像。 圖6顯示PHSPC調配物於偏光顯微鏡下之影像。 10 圖7顯示37°c時剪切速率對DOPC:LL媒劑調配物之 影響。 圖8顯示37°C時剪切速率對DOPC:NMP媒劑調配物 之影響。 圖9顯示40°C時ω-干擾素於DOPC:LL懸浮液中之穩 15 定性。 圖10顯示正丙醇對從DOPC:NMP或DOPC:LL懸浮液 中回收ω -干擾素之影響。 圖11顯示黏稠液體調配物(DOPC:LL或DOPCzNMP) 之水進入模型擴散調節器中。 20 圖12顯示從立基於遞送裝置内的活塞移動之裝置所 釋放蛋白質平均值之測定數據。 圖13顯示遞送裝置中之活塞移動與從該裝置釋放的 蛋白質平均值相關。 圖14顯示各種重量比之各種DOPC:VitE調配物之黏 200534863 性。 5
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- 200534863 十、申請專利範圍: 一種滲透性藥物遞送系統之液體組成物,其包含兩性八 子、非水性液體溶劑、及醫藥活性劑。 、刀 兩性分子係選自 或兩性蛋白質或 2·如申請專利範圍第丨項之組成物,其中 5 脂質、界面活性劑、兩性嵌段聚合物、 胜肽。 .專利範圍第2項之組成物’其中脂質係選自飽和 脂質、不飽和脂質、中性脂質、陰離子性脂質、陽離 性脂質、天然脂質或合成脂質。 、 10 4.如^請專利範圍第!項之組成物,其中該醫藥活性劑係 懸浮於該液體組成物内之顆粒中。 ,、 5·如申請專利範圍第3項之組成物,其中脂質係選自麟脂 醯膽鹼(pc)、磷脂醯乙醇胺(PE)、磷脂醯丙三醇、曰 磷脂醯肌醇(PI)、磷脂醯絲胺酸(PS)、磷脂酸 15 經鞘磷脂(SM)。 、或神 6.如申請專利範圍第3項之組成物,其中中性脂質係選自 二油醯基磷脂醯膽鹼(D0PC)、二肉菫蔻醯基磷脂醯膽鹼φ (dmpc)、二棕櫚醯基磷脂醯膽鹼(DPPC)、 : ⑭丰脂醯膽驗(DSPC)、卵填脂醯膽鹼(卵pc)、黃豆破;p萨 20 膽鹼(黃豆Pc)、部分或完全氫化之磷脂醯膽鹼⑺^卩^ 或HSPC)、棕櫚醯基-油醯基磷脂醯膽鹼(p〇pc)、戍硬 月旨酿基油醯基磷脂醯膽鹼(S0PC;)。 7·如申請專利範圍第3項之組成物,其中陰離子性脂質係 選自二油醯基磷脂醯丙三醇(DOPG)、二肉菫蔻醯基磷脂 62 200534863 醯丙三醇(DMPG)、二棕櫚醯基磷脂醯丙三醇(DPPG)、 或二硬脂醯基磷脂醯丙三醇(DSPG)。 8·如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其中非水性液體溶劑 係選自乳酸月桂酯(LL)、月桂醇(LA)、苄基醇(B A)、苯 5 曱酸苄酯(BB)、1:1苯甲酸苄酯:苄基醇、己基乳酸乙酯、 丙三醇甲縮酸、四甘醇(甘油吱喃甲搭;GF)、N-1 -曱基 -2-吡咯啶酮(NMP)、二甲亞砜(DMSO)、聚乙二醇(例如, PEG 400)、三酸甘油酯類(三油酸甘油酯、三月桂酸甘 油酯、三癸酸甘油酯、三辛酸甘油酯)、乙醇、異丙醇、 10 第三丁醇、環己醇、甘油、丙三醇、α -生育酚(維生素 Ε)、植物油、芝麻油、黃豆油、棉籽油或花生油。 9. 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,進一步包含選自 mPEG-DPPE、mPEG-DMPE、mPEG_DSPE、mPEG-神經 醯胺-DSPE、或mPEG-DS之聚乙二醇(PEG)-脂質化合 15 物。 10. 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,進一步包含選自 Pluronic®界面活性劑或Pluronic®界面活性劑F-127之 嵌段共聚物界面活性劑,或進一步包含選自二異硬脂酸 山梨聚糖酯、二油酸山梨聚糖酯、單異硬脂酸山梨聚糖 20 酯、單月桂酸山梨聚糖酯、單油酸山梨聚糖酯、單棕櫚 酸山梨聚糖酯、單硬脂酸山梨聚糖酯、倍半異硬脂酸山 梨聚糖酯、倍半油酸山梨聚糖酯、三油酸山梨聚糖酯、 倍半硬脂酸山梨聚糖酯、或三硬脂酸山梨聚糖酯之山梨 聚糖S旨結構劑(structurants)。 63 200534863 11 ·如申睛專利範圍第1項之組成物,進一步包含選自維- 生素Ε、生育酚、或抗壞血酸之抗氧化劑脂質化合物。 12·如申请專利範圍第1項之組成物,其中醫藥活性劑係 選自蛋白質、胜肽、小分子藥物、脂質藥物或核酸藥物、 5 DNA藥物、rNa藥物、反義股藥物、核酸代酶藥物、 DNA酶藥物。 13·如申睛專利範圍第1項之組成物,其中兩性分子重量 百分比為約1至約100重量%。 14·如申凊專利範圍第1項之組成物,其中非水性液體溶_ 10 劑重量百分比為約〇至約99重量%。 15·如申睛專利範圍第1項之組成物,其中組成物為黏稠 液體組成物。 16·如申請專利範圍第15項之組成物,其中組成物的黏 性為約1至約100,000泊(poise)。 15 17.如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其中兩性分子對非 水丨生液體/谷劑之重量比率介於約1與約4之間。 18·如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其中醫藥活性劑係_ 以1對2至1對2· 15之重量比率與蔗糖、曱硫胺酸及擰 檬酸結合。 τ 士申明專利範圍第12項之組成物,其中醫藥活性劑 係選自生物或藥理活性物質。 20·、如申請專利範圍第19項之組成物,其中醫藥活性劑 為ω-干擾素、α •干擾素、石·干擾素、干擾素、促 紅血球生成素、人類生長激素、輯細胞巨田胞群落 64 200534863 刺激因子(GM-CSF)、人類生長激素釋放激素 (huGHRH)、胰島素、去胺力口壓素(desmopressin)、因福 昔單抗(infliximab)、與標的配位體併合之抗體或製劑、 利培酮(risperidone)、帕利培酮(paliperidone)、類胰高血 5 糖激素胜肽_1 (GLP-1)、或促骨生成蛋白。 21· —種供滲透性藥物遞送之劑型,其包含: 包括含黏稠液體醫藥組成物的第一室及含滲透劑 的苐二室之膠囊,該第一室具有開孔,經由該開孔可將 醫藥組成物從第一室遞送至第一室外部位置; 10 位於膠囊中、介於第一室與第二室間之可移動之分 離構件; 第二室之室壁,其包括容許流體從外圍環境通入第 二室中之流體可滲透部分; 位於第二室内及實質上包圍著滲透劑之不可壓縮 15 之流體添加劑。 、'、 22朴如申請專利範圍第21項之劑型,其中該黏稠液體醫 藥組成物包含兩性分子、非水性液體溶劑、及醫藥活性 劑。 20 23· 如申請專利範圍第 自脂質、界面活性劑 或胜肽。 22項之劑型,其中兩性分子係選 兩丨生肷^又聚合物、或兩性蛋白質 24· 如申請專利範圍 ,、〜w土,六r脂買係 m飽和脂質、中性μ或陰離子性脂質。 .如申請專利範圍第22項之劑型,其中該醫藥活 65 200534863 · 係懸浮於該液體組成物内之顆粒中。 26. 如申請專利範圍第24項之劑型,其中脂質係選自磷 月旨醯膽鹼(PC)、磷脂醯乙醇胺(PE)、磷脂醯丙三醇(PG)、 磷脂醯肌醇(PI)、磷脂醯絲胺酸(PS)、磷脂酸(PA)、或神 5 經鞘磷脂(SM)。 27. 如申請專利範圍第24項之劑型,其中中性脂質係選 自二油醯基磷脂醯膽鹼(DOPC)、二肉菫蔻醯基磷脂醯膽 @(DMPC) 、 宗才閭石粦月旨giHl^(DPPC)、=石更月旨ϋ 基磷脂醯膽鹼(DSPC)、卵磷脂醯膽鹼(印PC)、黃豆磷脂籲 10 醯膽鹼(黃豆PC)、部分或完全氫化之磷脂醯膽鹼 (PHSPC或HSPC)、棕櫚醯基-油醯基磷脂醯膽鹼 (POPC)、或硬月旨醯基油醯基磷脂醯膽鹼(SOPCP 28. 如申請專利範圍第24項之劑型,其中陰離子性脂質 係選自二油醯基磷脂醯丙三醇(DOPG)、二肉莖蔻醯基磷 15 脂醯丙三醇(DMPG)、二棕櫚醯基磷脂醯丙三醇 (DPPG)、或二硬脂醯基磷脂醯丙三醇(DSPG)。 29. 如申請專利範圍第22項之劑型,其中非水性液體溶® 劑係選自乳酸月桂酯(LL)、月桂醇(LA)、苄基醇(BA)、 苯曱酸苄酯(BB)、1:1苯曱酸苄酯:节基醇、己基乳酸乙 20 酯、丙三醇曱縮醛、四甘醇(甘油呋喃曱醛;GF)、N-1- 曱基-2-吡咯啶酮(NMP)、二曱亞砜(DMSO)、聚乙二醇(例 如,PEG 400)、三酸甘油醋類(三油酸甘油醋、三月桂 酸甘油醋、三癸酸甘油醋、三辛酸甘油醋)、乙醇、異 丙醇、第三丁醇、環己醇、甘油、丙三醇、α-生育酚(維 66 200534863 5 10 15 20 生素:)、植物油、芝麻油、黃豆油棉籽油或花生油。 ^如疋睛專利範圍第22項之劑型,其中醫藥活性劑係 =人虫2質、胜肽、小分子藥物、脂質藥物、或與脂質 併s之前驅藥物。 31·如申請專利範圍第21項之劑型: 百分比為約1至約100重量〇/0。 32·如申請專利範圍第21項之劑型, 劑重量百分比為約〇至約99重量〇/〇 33·、如申請專利範圍第21項之劑型°, 為約1至約100,000泊。 34.如申請專利範圍第21項之劑型,…”王 水性液體溶劑之重量比率介於約以約4之間。 此如申請專利範圍第21項之劑型,其中渗透劑係 平型及流體添加劑圍繞著扁平渗透劑。 I滑Cl專利範圍第21項之^ 分為膜申Γ專利關第21項之劑型,其中流體可渗透部 3 9. 1 : : Ϊ圍第21項之劑型,其中滲透劑為錠· 用於項之劑型,其中流體添加劑傷 I方止滲透劑凍結之潤滑液體。 4〇·如申請專利範圍帛21項之劑型凝膠。 41 ·如申請專利範圍第21項之劑型 其中兩性分子重量 其中非水性液體溶 〇 其中組成物的黏性 其中兩性分子對非 其中流體添加劑 其中流體添加齊彳 67 200534863 含 PEG。 42. 二7專利範圍第21項之劑型,其於膠囊内部表面 一透狀間包含至少—間隙,流體添 少-間隙以改善起動時間。 具兄於該至 5 43. 如申請專利範圍第21項之劑型,其中渗透劑包含 NaCl及流體添加劑包含peg。 44· 一種唧筒驅動劑型中之懸浮媒劑,其包含兩性分子、 非水性溶劑、及性能改良劑。 45·如申請專利範圍第44項之懸浮媒劑,其實質上為 ίο 水性。 /、 ..... 46·如申請專利範圍第44項之懸浮媒劑,其中兩性分子 包含脂質。 47.如申請專利範圍第46項之懸浮媒劑,其中脂質為二 油醯基磷脂醯膽鹼(D0PC)、二肉莖蔻醯基磷脂醯膽鹼 15 (DMPC)、二棕櫊醯基磷脂醯膽鹼(DPPC)、二硬脂醯基 破脂醯膽鹼(DSPC)、印磷脂醯膽鹼(印pc)、黃豆鱗脂醯 膽驗(黃豆PC)、部分氫化之碌脂醯膽驗(pfjspc)、完全 氫化之磷脂醯膽鹼(HSPC)、棕櫚醯基·油醯基磷脂醯膽 驗(POPC)、或硬脂醯基油醢基碟脂醯膽鹼(S0PC) 〇 20 48·如申請專利範圍第44項之懸浮媒劑,其實質上不含 堅硬凝膠類。 49·如申請專利範圍第48項之懸浮媒劑,其在與水性介 質接觸後實質上不含堅硬凝膠類。 5〇·如申請專利範圍第44項之懸浮媒劑,其與不含性能 68 200534863 改良劑之懸浮液媒劑相較下,具有增進之流變性質。 51.如申請專利範圍第50項之懸浮媒劑,其與懸浮媒劑 中10重量%變化量之兩性分子結合時,黏性變化量小於 或等於1 0倍。 5 52.如申請專利範圍第44項之懸浮媒劑,其中非水性溶 劑對性能改良劑之重量比率為約1:〇 33至約。 53. 如申請專利範圍第44項之懸浮媒劑,其中兩性分子 對性能改良劑之重量比率為約〇 67:1至約1 5 i C 54. 如申請專利範圍第44項之懸浮媒劑,其中兩性分子 W 對性能改良劑與非水性溶劑的組合物之重量比率為約 0.75:1 至約 ι·22:1。 55·如申請專利範圍第46項之懸浮媒劑,其中脂質包含 -油醯基鱗脂醯膽驗(D〇pc),非水性溶劑包含生育 “ '及^此改良劑包含乙醇、芝麻油、乙酸乙酯、或其 56. 一種套組,其包合杯由#由 节丨s縣—4 申#專利範圍第44項之懸浮媒 r ^ ’、 之邊樂活性劑以產生醫藥懸浮液 項之套組,進一步包含劑型及 型之知作指南。 20 57·如申請專利範圍第56 將醫藥懸浮液裝載於該劑 58· 一種方法,其包括: 鑑定兩性分子; 鑑疋非水性溶劑; 鑑定性能改良劑; 69 200534863 將兩性分子、非水性溶劑、與性能改良劑混合以產生懸 浮媒劑。 59·如申請專利範圍第58項之方法,其中與不含性能改 良劑之懸浮液媒劑相較下,該性能改良劑增進懸浮媒劑 5 之流變性質。 6〇·如申請專利範圍第58項之方法,其包括實質上使兩 性分子溶解或分散於性能改良劑中以產生混合物;並組 合非水性溶劑與該混合物以產生懸浮媒劑。 61·如申請專利範圍第60項之方法,其中相較於僅溶解φ 於非水性溶劑中,兩性分子於非水性溶劑與性能改良劑 之組合物中溶解更迅速。 62 —如申請專利範圍第58項之方法,進一步包括添加醫 藥活性劑至懸浮媒劑中以產生醫藥懸浮液。 63·如申請專利範圍第62項之方法,進一步包括添加醫 15 藥懸浮液至劑型中。 64. 如申請專利範圍第幻項之方法,其中㈣包 ,使用期間維持其物理及化學完整性及醫藥懸浮液實# 質上無,滲透之第—壁;外部流體可部分滲透之第二 壁’由第-壁與第二壁界定之腔室;及與該腔室相通之 〇於壁中之出射口;其中醫藥懸浮液係位於腔室内。 65. 如申請專利範圍第64項之方法,其中劑型進一步包 含滲透唧筒。 %如申請專利範圍第58項之方法,進一步包括振盈混 200534863 67*如申請專利範圍第66項之方法,進一步包括加熱懸 浮媒劑至約l〇〇°C至約120°C之溫度。 68· 一種唧筒驅動劑型之懸浮液,其包含懸浮或分散於懸 浮媒劑中之醫藥活性劑,其中該懸浮媒劑包含兩性分 5 子、非水性溶劑、及性能改良劑。 69·如申請專利範圍第68項之懸浮液,其中懸浮媒劑具 有約1至約1,〇〇〇,〇〇〇泊之黏性。 70·如申請專利範圍第69項之懸浮液,其中黏性為約5 至約100,000泊。 馨 10 71·如申請專利範圍第68項之懸浮液,其中兩性分子包 含脂質。 72·如申請專利範圍第71項之懸浮液,其中脂質為二油 醯基磷脂醯膽鹼(DOPC)、二肉莖蔻醯基磷脂醯膽鹼 (DMPC)、二棕櫚醯基磷脂醯膽鹼(DppC)、二硬脂醯基 15 磷脂醯膽鹼(DSPC)、卵磷脂醯膽鹼(卵pc)、黃豆磷脂醯 膽鹼(黃豆PC)、部分氫化之磷脂醯膽鹼(pHSPC)、完全 氮化之磷脂醯膽鹼(HSPC)、棕櫚醯基-油醯基磷脂醯膽φ 鹼(popc)、或硬脂醯基油醯基磷脂醯膽鹼(s〇pc)。 73·如申請專利範圍第71項之懸浮液,其中脂質包含二 20 油醯基磷脂醯膽鹼(DOPC),非水性溶劑包含“_生育 酚,及性能改良劑包含乙醇、芝麻油、乙酸乙酯、或其 組合物。 74.如申凊專利範圍第68項或第73項之懸浮液,其中醫 藥活性劑包含ω -干擾素。 71 200534863 7 5 · —種劑型,其包含: _ 於劑型使用期間維持其物理及化學完整性及醫藥 懸浮液實質上無法滲透之第一壁; 外部流體可部分滲透之第二壁; 5 由第一壁與第二壁界定之腔室; 位於該腔室内及包含兩性分子、非水性溶劑、性能 改良劑、及醫藥活性劑之醫藥懸浮液; 與該腔室相通之於壁中之出射口。 76·如申請專利範圍第75項之劑型,進一步包含滲透唧φ ίο 筒。 4夕 11 ·如申請專利範圍第乃項之劑型,其中於與水性介質 接觸後,醫藥懸浮液可通過該出射口而流動。 78.如申請專利範圍第76項之劑型,其中於與水性介質 15 20 接觸後’在正Ϋ操作條件下,醫藥料液可於渗透哪筒 之施力下通過該出射口而流動。79.如申請專利範圍第75項之劑型,其中醫率 與水性介質接觸後實質上不含堅硬凝膠類。…、 80·如申請專利範圍第75項之别, Μ至少3個月實質上具其中醫藥懸浮液 A”項一之種::。,其包括… 種套組,其包含如申請專利範 投與該劑型之操作指南 75項之劑型及 72 82.
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-
2004
- 2004-11-15 US US10/988,716 patent/US7731947B2/en active Active
- 2004-11-16 TW TW093135004A patent/TW200534863A/zh unknown
- 2004-11-16 AU AU2004291162A patent/AU2004291162B2/en not_active Expired
- 2004-11-16 EP EP09010536A patent/EP2116230A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-11-16 KR KR1020067009498A patent/KR20060123160A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2004-11-16 WO PCT/US2004/038409 patent/WO2005048952A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-11-16 NZ NZ547079A patent/NZ547079A/en unknown
- 2004-11-16 JP JP2006541326A patent/JP4824574B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-11-16 MX MXPA06005565A patent/MXPA06005565A/es unknown
- 2004-11-16 BR BRPI0416613-2A patent/BRPI0416613A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-11-16 AR ARP040104220A patent/AR046844A1/es unknown
- 2004-11-16 EP EP04811199A patent/EP1689363A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-11-16 CA CA002546321A patent/CA2546321A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-11-16 PE PE2004001125A patent/PE20050926A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2006
- 2006-05-11 IL IL175606A patent/IL175606A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2006-06-19 NO NO20062867A patent/NO20062867L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2009
- 2009-12-29 US US12/655,397 patent/US7964183B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2011
- 2011-04-20 US US13/090,947 patent/US8257691B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2011-04-21 US US13/091,970 patent/US8398967B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2012
- 2012-08-29 US US13/598,405 patent/US9724293B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2017
- 2017-07-25 US US15/658,965 patent/US20170319470A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US7731947B2 (en) | 2010-06-08 |
| EP2116230A3 (en) | 2010-09-29 |
| EP1689363A4 (en) | 2009-07-01 |
| AR046844A1 (es) | 2005-12-28 |
| JP2007527869A (ja) | 2007-10-04 |
| US20110208168A1 (en) | 2011-08-25 |
| US8398967B2 (en) | 2013-03-19 |
| PE20050926A1 (es) | 2005-11-08 |
| CA2546321A1 (en) | 2005-06-02 |
| US7964183B2 (en) | 2011-06-21 |
| US20130052237A1 (en) | 2013-02-28 |
| US20170319470A1 (en) | 2017-11-09 |
| WO2005048952A2 (en) | 2005-06-02 |
| NO20062867L (no) | 2006-08-17 |
| US8257691B2 (en) | 2012-09-04 |
| KR20060123160A (ko) | 2006-12-01 |
| US20110195097A1 (en) | 2011-08-11 |
| AU2004291162B2 (en) | 2009-07-30 |
| WO2005048952A3 (en) | 2005-12-29 |
| AU2004291162A1 (en) | 2005-06-02 |
| NZ547079A (en) | 2009-03-31 |
| US20100112070A1 (en) | 2010-05-06 |
| EP1689363A2 (en) | 2006-08-16 |
| MXPA06005565A (es) | 2006-08-11 |
| JP4824574B2 (ja) | 2011-11-30 |
| IL175606A (en) | 2014-04-30 |
| IL175606A0 (en) | 2006-09-05 |
| BRPI0416613A (pt) | 2007-01-16 |
| EP2116230A2 (en) | 2009-11-11 |
| US20050112188A1 (en) | 2005-05-26 |
| US9724293B2 (en) | 2017-08-08 |
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