200413511 玖、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種具高導熱係數的金剛石〜水系奈米 流體的製備方法，尤指一種將具有高導熱係數的金剛石奈 米微粒添加於水中製成高導熱係數的金剛石一水系奈米流 體的製備方法。 【先前技術】 隨著科技的發展以及能源問題日益突顯，對於熱交換 設備的高效低阻等性能的指標要求也越來越高。目前被應 用於強化傳熱的技術手段主要係從強化換熱表面及製作技 術等方面著手，此部份已取得一些技術上成果。但隨著對 熱交換設備換熱表面強化傳熱技術的深入研究，換熱工質 的傳熱性質成為影響熱交換設備高效性能的一項主要因素 。因此’進一步研究體積小、重量輕、傳熱性能好的高效 能熱交換設備，滿足高負荷傳熱的要求，研究高效能傳熱 及冷卻技術，即必須自工質本身研究高導熱係數、傳熱性 能好的高效換熱工質著手。 自Maxwe 11理論發表以來，許多專家學者進行多項關 於液體中添加固體粒子以期提高導熱係數的技術及理論等 研究，此部份並已取得一些成果。但由於該研究受限於當 時的技術條件’僅能使用毫米或微米級的固體粒子懸浮於 液體中製成具高導熱係數的流體，然而，在實際應用上， 因該固體粒子的顆粒大，在應用過程中易造成磨損或顆粒 堵塞等不良情事，以致限制其產業上利用之效果。 200413511 自1 990午以來，奈米技術的發展，研究人員已開始使 用奈米級微粒添加於液體中用以提高液體導熱係數之相關 研九於1995年美國專家即提出一種新楸念—奈米流體， 形成一類創新的傳熱冷卻工質。其與原純液體相較，奈米 流體的導熱係數顯著提高，具有極優異的傳熱性能。 目前有關奈米流體的製備，主要係以特定方式和比例 在液體添加奈米級金屬或金屬氧化物微粒所製成，如··在 乙二醇液體中添加4%的體積比的氧化銅奈米微粒製成的懸 浮液，其導熱係數提高了 20% ;或如··在水中添加小於1% 體積比的氧化銅奈米微粒製成的懸浮液，在相同的流動狀 態下可提高對流換熱係數2〇%以上。近來，有人發表在去離 子水添加2%體積比的銅奈米微粒製成的奈米流體，其導熱 係數相較於去離子水提高了 2〇% :另，在水中添加1%體積 比的銅奈米微粒製成的奈米流體，其導熱係數相較於純水 提网了 5%，而在流動狀態下，該奈米流體的對流換熱係數 比純水提高約24%。 由上可知’透過奈米流體強化傳熱機制的研究所研製 出的咼效傳熱工質，確可有效地提高熱交換設備的傳熱性 月b，並降低熱交換設備的製造成本，滿足微尺度條件下強 化傳熱效能的要求，滿足大功率、超導磁體及超級電腦等 設備高負荷的傳熱及冷卻要求。 【發明内容】 本發明之主要目的在提供一種應用於製備具有高導熱 係數的金剛石一水系奈米流體的方法。 200413511 為達成％揭目的，本發 ,^ 心月所k出之具高導熱係數的金 剛石一水糸奈·米流體的製借古、土 I備方法包括··製備特定粒徑的金 剛石奈米微粒、配製特定合右矣 3有表面活性劑的水溶液，再將 該金剛石奈米微粒添加於該含有表面活性劑的水溶液中均 句混合形成金剛石一水系懸浮液，製成-具有高導熱係數 的金剛石一水系奈米流體。 所述製備特定粒徑的金剛石奈米微粒之步驟，係以粉 碎手段將金剛石顆粒^以粉碎成金剛石微粒，次以浮選法 從該金剛石微粒中篩選出粒徑小& 500奈米的金剛石微粒 ’續以酸洗手段除去金剛石微粒表面的殘留物，再以純水 將該金剛石微粒予以洗淨，烘乾備用。 所述含有表面活性劑的水溶液的配製步驟，係選自離 子型表面活性劑、非離子型表面活性劑以及離子型與非離 子型按特定比例複合成的表面活性劑所構成的群組中擇一 按特定的比例添加於水中，酉己製成含有表面活性劑的水溶 液，該含有表面活性劑的水溶液濃度為〇 〇1 —〇 5%。 所述金剛.石微粒添加於含有表面活性劑的水溶液中之 步驟，係透過攪拌、超聲波震動或其結合的手段，使其均 勾混合而成金剛石一水系懸浮液；該金剛石一水系懸浮液 中’金剛石的體積含量為1 一5%。 本發明藉由剞述設計，使其完全檢棄既有選用電子導 熱型金屬奈米微粒作為液體傳熱物質的添加物，改用小原 子序的簡單晶體結構的非金屬晶體奈米微粒作為液體傳熱 物質的添加物，用以提供一種創新且具有高導熱係數的奈 200413511 米流體。 【實施方式】 有關本發.明具高導熱係數的金剛石一水系奈米流體的 製備方法具體實施方式係包括·· 製備金剛石奈米微粒的步驟，其係使用高速氣流粉碎 機或其他高效粉碎設備將人工合成的金剛石顆粒予以粉碎 成金剛石微粒，次以浮選法從該金剛石粉末篩選出粒徑小 於500奈米的金剛石微粒，續以酸洗手段除去該金剛石微 粒表面的殘留物，再以純水予以洗淨，並烘乾備用； 配製含有表面活性劑（surfactant)的水溶液的步驟， 其係根據所選的金剛石表面特性選用特定的表面活性劑， 該表面活性劑可為離子型表面活性劑、非離子型表面活性 劑’或為離子型與非離子型按特冑比例複合而成的表面活 性劑，再以該表面活性劑按特定的比例添加於水中，配製 成含有表面活性劑的水溶液，其濃度為0.0H. 5%為最佳； 以及 於攪拌、超聲波震動、或攪拌結合超聲波震動之條件 下’將金剛石.微粒添加於含有表面活性劑的纟溶液中，製 成金剛石-水系懸浮液，其中金剛石微粒係以體積含量卜 5%的比例添加於含有表面活性劑的水溶液中。 則述之表面活性劑(surfactant)係一用以降低金岡" 表面張力的物質’其中使用之離子型表面活性劑可為十二 院基硫酸納（SDS)、域炫基㈣酸卸（F-53B)、…等； 非離子型表面活性劑為聚氧乙婦失水梨醇單月桂酸自旨（吐温 200413511 一 20)、···等。 如述中’該金剛石每一碳原子是按SP3與另外4個碳原 子相結合而成，具有各向同性，使其可避免奈米碳管一維 傳熱的方向性侷限，讓金剛石具有極高的導熱係數，其導 熱係數為800-2000W/m.k。該奈米金剛石微粒的主要特性包 括·平均粒度4nm，粒度分佈2-14nm，表面積與重量比 250-350mVg，堆積密度 〇·4 —〇·6β/(：ιη3、密度 3g/cm3。 本發明所製備的金剛石一水系懸浮液，經使用熱係數 測疋儀的;^，則，其熱係數為1· 53“/社，而純水於298Gk下 導熱係數S 0.607w/mk，即提高153%。該金剛石一水系懸 汙液於流動時即為奈米流體，該奈米流體主要係藉簡單晶 體結構的金剛石微粒與水溶液之間的相互錯動，以及金剛 石具有極高的導熱係數之特性，而能產生極佳的傳熱效率 經由前述說明中可以得知· 士1^ 侍本發明完全捨棄既有選用 選二=屬奈米微粒作為液體傳熱物質的添加物，而 的金剛石-水系奈米流體，=創新且具有高導熱係數 ，麦依法具文提出申請。本每明符合發明專利之要件 【圖式簡單說明】 無圖式200413511 发明 Description of the invention [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to a method for preparing a diamond-water nanofluid with high thermal conductivity, especially a method in which diamond nanoparticle with high thermal conductivity is added to water Preparation method of diamond-water nano-fluid with high thermal conductivity. [Previous technology] With the development of science and technology and the increasingly prominent energy problem, the requirements for high-efficiency and low-resistance performance of heat exchange equipment are becoming higher and higher. At present, the technical methods used to enhance heat transfer are mainly from the aspects of strengthening the heat exchange surface and manufacturing technology. Some technical results have been obtained in this part. However, with the in-depth research on the heat transfer surface enhancement technology of heat exchange equipment, the heat transfer properties of the heat exchange working fluid have become a major factor affecting the efficient performance of heat exchange equipment. Therefore, 'further research on high-efficiency heat exchange equipment with small size, light weight and good heat transfer performance to meet the requirements of high-load heat transfer, research on high-performance heat transfer and cooling technology, that is, the high thermal conductivity, heat transfer must be studied from the working medium itself. The high-efficiency heat exchange working medium with good thermal performance starts. Since the publication of the Maxwe 11 theory, many experts and scholars have conducted a number of technical and theoretical studies on the addition of solid particles to liquids in order to increase the thermal conductivity. This section has achieved some results. However, the study was limited by the technical conditions at that time. 'Only millimeter or micron solid particles can be suspended in the liquid to make a fluid with high thermal conductivity. However, in practical applications, because the solid particles are large, In the application process, it is easy to cause bad things such as abrasion or particle clogging, which limits the effect of its industrial use. 200413511 Since the development of nanometer technology since 1990, researchers have begun to use nanometer-sized particles to be added to liquids to improve the thermal conductivity of liquids. In 1995, American experts proposed a new idea-nanometers. Fluids, forming an innovative class of heat transfer cooling fluids. Compared with the original pure liquid, the thermal conductivity of the nano-fluid is significantly improved, and it has excellent heat transfer performance. At present, the preparation of nano-fluid is mainly made by adding nano-grade metal or metal oxide particles to the liquid in a specific manner and proportion, such as adding 4% by volume of copper oxide in ethylene glycol liquid. The suspension made of rice particles has a thermal conductivity increased by 20%; or, for example, a suspension made of copper oxide nano particles with a volume ratio of less than 1% in water can improve convection exchange in the same flow state. Thermal coefficient is above 20%. Recently, it has been reported that the nano-fluid made of copper nano particles with 2% volume ratio of deionized water has a thermal conductivity that is 20% higher than that of deionized water. The thermal conductivity of nanofluids made of copper nanoparticle is 5% higher than that of pure water. In the flowing state, the convective heat transfer coefficient of the nanofluid is about 24% higher than that of pure water. It can be seen from the above that the inefficient heat transfer working medium developed by the research of strengthening the heat transfer mechanism through nano-fluids can indeed effectively improve the heat transfer performance of heat exchange equipment, and reduce the manufacturing cost of heat exchange equipment. The requirements for enhanced heat transfer performance under micro-scale conditions meet the high-load heat transfer and cooling requirements of high-power, superconducting magnets and supercomputers. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The main object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a diamond-water nanofluid with high thermal conductivity. 200413511 In order to achieve the purpose of% disclosure, this article, ^ Xinyue produced a diamond-water nano-meter fluid with high thermal conductivity. The preparation method includes the preparation of diamond nano-particles with a specific particle size. Microparticles, formulate a specific aqueous solution containing a surfactant, and then add the diamond nanoparticle to the surfactant-containing aqueous solution and mix them to form a diamond-water suspension. Diamond-water nanofluid. The step of preparing diamond nano particles with a specific particle diameter is to pulverize the diamond particles into diamond particles by a pulverizing method, and then use a flotation method to select diamonds with a small particle size & 500 nm from the diamond particles. The particles' continue to remove the residue on the surface of the diamond particles by pickling, and then the diamond particles are washed with pure water and dried for use. The preparation step of the surfactant-containing aqueous solution is selected from the group consisting of an ionic surfactant, a non-ionic surfactant, and a surfactant composed of an ionic and a non-ionic compound in a specific ratio. One is added to water at a specific ratio, and an aqueous solution containing a surfactant is prepared. The concentration of the aqueous solution containing a surfactant is 0.001 to 5%. The step of adding diamond particles to an aqueous solution containing a surfactant is to form a diamond-aqueous suspension by mixing them by stirring, ultrasonic vibration or a combination thereof; in the diamond-aqueous suspension; 'The volume content of diamond is 1 to 5%. The present invention uses a narrative design to make it completely discard existing additives that use electronic heat-conducting metal nano-particles as liquid heat-transfer substances, and instead use non-metallic crystal nano-particles with simple crystal structures of small atomic order as a liquid Additives for heat transfer materials to provide an innovative fluid with a high thermal conductivity of Nami 200413511 meters. [Embodiment] In relation to the present invention, a method for preparing a diamond-aqueous nano-fluid with high thermal conductivity. The specific embodiment includes the step of preparing diamond nano-particles, which uses a high-speed jet mill or other high-efficiency crushing equipment. The synthetic diamond particles are pulverized into diamond particles, and then the diamond particles with a particle size of less than 500 nanometers are screened out from the diamond powder by flotation, and then the residue on the surface of the diamond particles is removed by pickling, and then purified The water is washed and dried for later use. The step of preparing an aqueous solution containing a surfactant (surfactant) is to select a specific surfactant according to the selected diamond surface characteristics. The surfactant may be an ionic surfactant. , Non-ionic surfactants' or ionic and non-ionic surfactants compounded in a special ratio, and then the surfactant is added to water at a specific ratio to prepare a surfactant-containing surfactant. An aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.0H. 5% is the best; and stirring, ultrasonic vibration, or stirring combined with ultrasound The lower vibration conditions of the 'diamond particles added to the Si a solution containing a surface active agent, made into a diamond - an aqueous suspension, wherein the diamond fine lines in a ratio of volume content Bu 5% was added to an aqueous solution containing a surface active agent. The surfactant mentioned above is a substance used to reduce the surface tension of Kanaoka '. The ionic surfactants used can be sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), dazzyl sulfonate (F) -53B), etc .; non-ionic surfactants are polyoxyethyl acetohydromonolaurate (Tween 200413511-20), etc ... As stated in the description, 'Each carbon atom of this diamond is formed by combining SP3 with another 4 carbon atoms and has isotropy, which can avoid the directional limitation of the one-dimensional heat transfer of the nano carbon tube, which makes the diamond extremely polar. High thermal conductivity, its thermal conductivity is 800-2000W / mk. The main characteristics of the nano-diamond particles include an average particle size of 4 nm, a particle size distribution of 2 to 14 nm, a surface area to weight ratio of 250 to 350 mVg, a bulk density of 0.4 to 0.6 β / (: η3, and a density of 3 g / cm3. The prepared diamond-water suspension has a thermal coefficient tester; ^, the thermal coefficient is 1.53 "/ company, and the thermal conductivity of pure water at 298Gk S 0.607w / mk, which is an increase of 153% The diamond-water suspension liquid is a nano fluid when flowing. The nano fluid is mainly based on the mutual displacement between diamond particles with a simple crystal structure and an aqueous solution, and the characteristics of diamond with extremely high thermal conductivity. And can produce excellent heat transfer efficiency can be learned from the foregoing description. Shi 1 ^ The present invention completely discards the existing choice of two = nano particles are used as liquid heat transfer material additives, and diamond-water nano Meter fluid, = innovation and high thermal conductivity, Mai Yifa filed an application. This document meets the requirements of the invention patent [Schematic description] No diagram