TW200300907A - Method and sensing device for motion detection in an optical pointing device, such as an optical mouse - Google Patents

Abstract

There is described a method as well as a device for motion detection in an optical sensing device, such as an optical mouse. A photodetector array comprising a plurality of pixels is used to detect successive light intensity patterns of an illuminated portion of a surface with respect to which a measurement of relative motion is to be determined. Light intensity between neighbouring pixels is compared in order to determine edge direction data descriptive of light intensity differences between the pixels, such data including (i) a first edge condition, or positive edge, defined as a condition wherein light intensity of a first pixel is less than light intensity of a second pixel, and (ii) a second edge condition, or negative edge, defined as a condition wherein light intensity of the first pixel is greater than light intensity of the second pixel Through comparison of this edge direction data with edge direction data determined from a previous illumination (or by comparing data extracted from this edge direction data) a measurement of the relative motion of the optical sensing device with respect to the illuminated portion of the surface is determined.

Description

200300907 A7 V. Description of the invention (1) Field of the invention In a broad sense, the present invention relates to pointing devices, and in particular to devices that control the position of a cursor on the screen, such as a personal computer display, a workstation with a graphical user interface, or Other computer devices. These pointing devices include, for example, a mouse, a trackball, and other computer peripherals used to control the position of the cursor on the display screen. More specifically, the present invention relates to the field of optical pointing devices, including optical detection devices. The device includes a light detector array for measuring changes in light intensity patterns on a portion of the surface illuminated by radiation, and capturing light detection. Information about the relative movement between the sensor array and the surface of the part being illuminated. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Optical pointing devices have been found in U.S. Patent No. 5,28,993 (herein incorporated by reference). For example, a pointer pointing device using a photodetector array and illuminated target balls with randomly scattered spots is disclosed. U.S. Patent 5,7 03,3 5 6 (related to the above-mentioned U.S. Patent 5,2 8 8,99 3, also incorporated herein by reference) is further disclosed (refer to the attached drawings 23 A and 23B of this document)-a mouse type Optical pointing device, it does not need a ball, and the light in it is directly reflected from the surface on which the pointing device moves. In order to capture motion-related information, the imaging technologies used in the aforementioned US patents 5, 2 8 8, 9 93 and 5 5 7 0 3, 3 5 6 are based on so-called "edge motion detection" technology. This "edge motion detection" technology basically determines the movement of the edges in the image detected by the photodetector array (that is, the difference in intensity between pixel pairs). The edge is defined as the difference in spatial 'intensity between two pixels of the photodetector array. These paper sizes are in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 297 gt) (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page}-Binding-Order printed by the Employees' Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs- 5- 200300907 ΑΊ ___ Β7 V. Description of the invention (2) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) The relative movement of each edge is tracked and measured in order to determine the overall displacement measurement. 'It represents light detection Relative movement between the detector array and the surface of the illuminated part. More specifically, according to US Patent 5,28 8,993, the edge is determined along the first axis of the photodetector array (eg each row of the photodetector array) Pixel pairs arranged and pixel pairs arranged along the second axis of the photodetector array (for example, each frame of the photodetector array!]. Figure 1 depicts 3 pixels of the photodetector array, The first pixel or current pixel P, the second pixel P s are arranged in a straight line with the first pixel P along the first axis 101, and the third pixel P ± is arranged in a straight line with the first pixel P along the second axis 102. As shown in the figure As shown in the figure, pixels P and P are arranged on pixel P Right and above (the purpose is only for explanation). It must be understood that the axes 101 and 102 may be orthogonal (as shown), or may not be orthogonal. It is also necessary to understand that the pixels need not be arranged in rows and columns. Into a regular array. It is conceivable that there are other suitable arrangements. Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, M Industrial Consumer Cooperatives. For simplicity, the pixels in Figure 1 are displayed in white and with diagonal lines. The pixel indicates that the pixel is illuminated. In this example, the pixel P is the illuminated pixel, and the conditions Ex and Ey of the first and second edges exist respectively between the pixels P and P s along the first axis 101. And between pixels P and P along the second axis 102. According to US Pat. No. 5,288,993 and US Pat. No. 5,7 0333 56, the evaluation of displacement measurement is based on the first axis 1 〇1 Normalized difference between the number of edges Ex moving in the first direction and the number of edges Ex moving in the opposite direction along the first axis 1 010 (for example, from the left of each column of the photodetector array Right edge and right to left edge) 'on the other hand According to the application of the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 × 297 male f) along the paper scale 200300907 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (3) The second axis 1 〇2 Normalized difference between the number of edges Ey moving in one direction and the number of edges Ey moving in the opposite direction along the second axis 102 (eg, edges moving downward and upward in each row of the photodetector array) The relative motion of the edges can be determined by comparing the positions of these edges in the photodetector array at the first time point with the positions of the edges in the photodetector array at subsequent time points. Therefore, an optical pointing device typically includes a light source (such as an infrared LED) that intermittently irradiates a portion of the surface in a determined order, and samples the output of the pixels of the photodetector array in a determined order to provide a comparison between the two. The reference of the continuous edge box in order to determine the measurement of relative motion. According to the embodiment of U.S. Patent 5,28 8,993 and U.S. Patent 5,7 03,3 5 6 ', it is convenient to determine the edge condition between two pixels by using a differential technique. According to this embodiment, if the intensity ratio of the two photosensitive elements is greater than a certain level, it is defined that there is an edge between the two pixels. Therefore, the edges can be calculated using the following Bollingers: 疋 Intensity [Pixel 1] > κ Intensity [Pixel 2] or ⑴ κ Intensity [Pixel 1] < Intensity [Pixel 2] where κ is the scale factor of choice. The edge condition Ex (or horizontal edge condition) between two pixels along the first axis 101 in FIG. 1 can be defined by the following Bollinger equation:

Ex = Intensity [Pixel P] > κ Intensity [Pixel P Right] or ⑺ κ Intensity [Pixel P] < Intensity [Pixel P Right] This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) Six 4 Specification (21〇 &gt); < 297 mm) (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page)

7 200300907 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (4; EX in high state means that there is an edge between the current pixel and the pixel to the right of it. Similarly, the distance between two pixels along the second axis 1 0 2 in FIG. 1 The edge condition Ey (or vertical edge condition) can be defined by the following Bollinger equation:

Ey = intensity [pixel PpK intensity [on pixel p] or (3) K intensity [pixel p] < intensity [on pixel p]] E y high means that there is an edge between the current pixel and the pixel above it . It must be understood that the above conditions Ex and Ey have nothing to do with edge direction or sensing, but simply refer to whether there is an edge between two pixels, as described in US Patent Nos. 5,2 8 8,993 and 5,703,36. The above definitions and related motion detection algorithms have been successfully applied to optical trackballs, that is, optical pointing devices, which detect the light intensity pattern on the ball manipulated by the user. However, the above definitions and related algorithms need to detect light intensity patterns that present a distinct difference in light intensity. Therefore, the surface of the ball should be covered with a plurality of randomly shaped marks, and the color of the ball should be extremely contrasted with the background. In addition, these marks (usually the shape of a point) need to have a predetermined size. See U.S. Pat. No. 5,28,993. The size of these marks is, for example, from 0.5 mm2 to 0.7 mm2, and their density is about 1 dot per square millimeter. The size of these marks is less related to the diameter of the ball, but is closely related to the resolution and size of the photodetector array. As stated in U.S. Patent 5,703,356, the image of a single point on the sensor must at least cover the distance (or pixel pitch) between the center point and the center point of two adjacent pixels. However, in fact, the standard paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (2) OX 297 mm (please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) -Equipped with the staff of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by Consumer Cooperatives

Q 200300907 A7 B7 V. INTRODUCTION TO THE INVENTION (5) The better point size selected on the type (5) is to make the image cover about 5 pixels. After complying with the above requirements, the number of edges remains substantially fixed, and its number is substantially smaller than the number of pixels that can be used to determine and use the direction of movement. Serious problems occur when the optical pointing device is designed with the above-mentioned direction of movement and the illuminated surface does not exhibit a predetermined pattern, such as a "ball-free" optical mouse that directly reflects light from a random surface, such as paper or desktop. The optical mouse described in U.S. Patent 5,703,356 does not require any balls, but this embodiment requires an illuminated surface capable of presenting a suitable pattern, that is, a sufficient number and size of black and white areas. In any case, when the above technology is applied to an optical sensing device using a non-specific surface as a reference for motion detection, it is necessary to be able to accurately detect the edge defined above between each pixel. Since specific and well-defined edge patterns cannot be clearly detected and tracked, it cannot derive any measure of relative motion between the optical sensing device and the illuminated surface. Therefore, the above motion detection technology is actually not applicable, and we need to find other solutions. Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a solution more suitable for optical pointing devices. The irradiated surface used as a reference for motion detection does not require a specific pattern and produces Purely random light intensity pattern. Regarding this point, for example, the motion detection principle disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,644,139 can partially achieve the above purpose, and the basis of this principle is to correlate the continuous image frames output by the photodetector array. However, according to this motion detection principle, it is not possible to perform light intensity comparison between adjacent pixels. Therefore, the Chinese national standard (CNS) A4 specification (2) 0 × 297 mm is not applicable for this paper size. 200300907 ΑΊ Β7 V. Description of the invention (6) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Method to provide any information related to the spatial intensity difference (ie edges) between adjacent pixels. However, the principle of continuous image frame correlation mentioned in the previous two patents implies some limitations. In particular, in order to obtain a sufficiently accurate relative movement measurement, the actual ± needs to illuminate the reference surface at a very small angle relative to the surface, typically within 16 degrees, and is more rigorously described in US Patent 5,6 8 6,720 ° This results in a structural limitation of the optical pointing device. In addition, the image frame correlation techniques mentioned in these documents have certain limitations @ ’When analyzing grayscale image frames, the complexity of correlation processing increases exponentially with the depth of the image intensity. In fact, the application of the above-mentioned related technologies to the motion detection of optical pointing devices is limited to the analysis of binary black and white images. The Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs prints the opposite, and detects the spatial intensity difference (ie, edge) between pixels of the image frame (or in other words, pre-processes the image frame to extract the binary describing the light intensity difference between adjacent pixels Data) and compare the data extracted this time with the data extracted the previous time to determine the measurement of relative movement. From the perspective of sensitivity, this is particularly effective in the case of small changes in intensity between pixels. With this technology, it is easy to extract features and patterns directly used for motion detection. From the perspective of the required processing, this technique is particularly simple and powerful. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to a first aspect of the present invention, a method for measuring a relative movement between a surface of an irradiated part and an optical sensing device including an array of photodetectors is provided. The steps of the method include: (a) using photodetection The detector array detects the surface of the illuminated part. At the first time, the paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (2 丨 〇 > < 297 mm) 200300907 ΑΊ _____ Β7 V. Description of the invention (7) First light intensity pattern; (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) (b) Compare the light intensity between adjacent pixels of the light detector array, and determine from the detected first light intensity pattern Edge direction data, which is a description of the light intensity difference between adjacent pixels, including the definition of the first edge condition (or positive edge) where the light intensity of the first pixel is less than the light intensity of the second pixel; and the second edge condition (Or negative edge) is defined as the light intensity of the first pixel is greater than the light intensity of the second pixel; (c) storing or extracting data from the edge direction; (d) detecting that the surface of the illuminated part is at the second time Point second light intensity pattern; (e) comparing light intensity between adjacent pixels of the photodetector array, and determining the edge direction data from the second light intensity pattern; and (f) according to steps (b) and (e) The comparison of the edge direction data determined by), or the data extracted from the edge direction data according to the comparison, determines a measure of the relative movement between the optical sensing device and the surface of the illuminated portion. The Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs printed a second aspect of the present invention to provide a motion detection device for detecting relative movement with respect to the surface of the illuminated part. The motion detection device includes:-light inspection The detector array includes a plurality of pixels arranged along the first and second axes of 歹 ij to detect the light intensity pattern on the surface of the illuminated portion;-a comparator device coupled to the light detector array for comparison Light intensity between adjacent pixels of the photodetector array along the first and second axes This paper is scaled to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X 297 mm) 200300907 A7 __ _ B7 V. Invention Note (8) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) and output the edge direction data from the detected light intensity pattern. This data is a description of the light intensity difference between adjacent pixels, including : The definition of the first edge condition (or positive edge) is that the light intensity of the first pixel is less than the light intensity of the second pixel; and the definition of the edge condition (or negative edge) is that the light intensity of the first pixel is greater than the second image Light intensity;-a storage device for at least temporarily storing or extracting the edge direction data;-a processing device, according to the first and second light intensity patterns continuously detected by the light detector array The determined edge direction data or data extracted from it determines the measure of relative movement relative to the surface of the illuminated portion. The first method and device have been described above. The edge transition data is extracted from the edge direction data. The edge transition data is whether the positive and negative edges are continuous along a specific axis of the photodetector array. The description includes: The first turning condition printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, or peak 値, which is defined as a continuous positive edge followed by a negative edge along a specific axis; and the second turning condition, or zero 其, which The definition is a continuous negative edge followed by a positive edge along a particular axis. The position of the turning conditions is compared with the position before the turning conditions, and the moving direction of these turning conditions along the axis can be determined based on the comparison result. From the determined direction of these turning conditions, the overall displacement can be finally calculated. The paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 200300907 A7 ___B7 V. Description of the invention (9). According to the method and device of the second type, the overall displacement measurement can be calculated by directly tracking the movement directions of the positive and negative edges. According to the present invention, compared with the edge motion detection technologies disclosed in U.S. Patents 5, 2 8 8 3 9 9 3 and 5, 7 0 3, 3 5 6, only the direction information of the edges is required for the motion detection. reference. I recall the method of the known technology, and did not use the information about the direction of the edge at all, the only information used was the edge that actually existed. Since the edge direction information describes the difference in light intensity between adjacent pixels (and therefore represents the pattern of the surface that reflects light), motion detection can be performed even on a random surface, such as paper or other surfaces , Such as a desktop or mouse pad surface. In addition, the present invention exhibits great sensitivity and allows the use of wide-angle irradiation angles. Conversely, US patents 5,5 7 8,813, 5,644,139 and 5,6 8 6,7 2 0 use related techniques to increase the contrast of surface patterns. Requires a small angle of irradiation. The present invention can also analyze grayscale images without increasing the complexity of processing. Further aspects, features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting examples and embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 shows three pixels arranged along the first and second axes in the photodetector array and the respective edge conditions of the three pixels are defined according to the conventional knowledge; Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating the illumination of the pixels on the pixels Integrated circuit for the conversion of the above light into an electronic signal; This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) '' " (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page} -¾ Printed by the employees ’cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, 200300907 A7 B7 Printed by the employees’ cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 5. Description of the invention (W 1 I Figure 3 is a block diagram of an optical pointing device according to the present invention > I 1 1 Figure 4 illustrates the photodetector array and pixel structure of the sensing device. 1 1 1 Figure 1 I Please 1 I Figure 5 is a better comparison of the photodetector array and the related comparator circuit Coupling I First Read II Read 1 | Combined to output the edge direction 彳 conditions obtained, this figure only shows 5 back 1 I along the same axis The pixels of the columns of pixels are interconnected with the comparator; M 1 I FIG. 6 shows a 3 × 3 pixel array and according to the matter of the invention I define each white item and then 1 I edge sentence conditions, or positive and negative edges; Fill in this package. Figure 7 illustrates the edge transition conditions, or peaks and zeros, and guides the sequence of edge directions along a particular axis. 1 Figure 8 illustrates the first embodiment of the motion detection technology. Figure 5 It is based on 1 I data tracking; peaks and zeros along an axis; 1 order 1 Figures 9a and 9b illustrate the motion detection technology y derived from Figure 8 Two axes, also implemented at the same time: along: 1 1 of the first and second axes diagonal: tracking peaks and zeros; 1 IA Figures 10a and 10b illustrate a second embodiment of the motion detection technology It is based on d I tracking: positive and negative edges are uniaxial motion detection 1 1 1 Figure 1 1 a and 1 1 b illustrate the motion detection techniques derived from Figures 10a 'and 1 〇b! 1 This time the motion detection is along the first; and the second axis, and the positive and negative edges along the diagonal of the 1 1 — and-2 axes are also implemented, and white w from 7 1! Figure I2 is a 槪 diagram of a digital data accumulation circuit, used to track the movement of the edge transition 1 I condition; and 1 1 1 Figure 1 3 is a block diagram of a serial architecture divider, used to calculate along the — 1 1 axis The bit 'shift measure. 1 1 1 This paper size is in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 cm) -14-200300907 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (11) (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page} Component symbol comparison Table 420: Photodetector array 400: Processing device 4 0 0 0: Pixel Γ 0 0 0 Photosensitive area 4 5 0 0: Active circuit 1 1 0 0: Integrating circuit 1 1 1 0: Integrating amplifier 1 120: Integrating Capacitor 4 1 0: Light source 4 3 0: Timepiece device 450: Bus interface 441: Switch 4 4 2: Switch 4 4 3: Switch 4 5 0: Interface Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Office of the Ministry of Economy 4 5 5: Bus 7 0 0: Level detection device 5 0 0: Motion detection circuit 5 1 0: Bus. 5 5 0: Accumulator 5 2 0: Column totalizer circuit 6 1 0: Motion detection accumulator This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 × 297 mm)-200300907 Α7 Β7 V. Description of the invention (1 meeting 620: Accumulator 63 0: Subtractor 65 0: Divider controller is better implemented Example Detailed Description In the following description, two algorithms will be described. The first algorithm is called "peak And zero motion detection "algorithm, the second is the" local edge direction motion detection "algorithm. Both algorithms use only the edge direction data from the pixel array. Figure 3 is an optical pointing according to the present invention A block diagram of the device, which includes a photodetector array 420 having a plurality of pixels. The photodetector array 420 is coupled to a processing device 400 (or a motion detection processing circuit), which includes but is not limited to a microcontroller, A microprocessor or other suitable logic circuit for processing signals output by the photodetector array 420. The motion detection processing circuit 400 specifically includes an accumulator circuit and other logic circuits for performing mathematical and logical operations. It will be explained later. As shown in FIG. 4, the photodetector array 420 is a regular square array with M pixel columns (parallel to the X axis) and N pixel rows (parallel to the Y axis). In this example, A typical structure is an array of 20 x 20 pixels. The photodetector array 420 may be a square array as shown, or it may be substantially circular or polygonal (or any other suitable shape) Each pixel 4000 in the photodetector array 42o basically includes a photodiode (or photoelectric crystal) composed of a photosensitive area 1000 and an active circuit 4500, the latter including a preamplifier and Conversion device, and used to determine the size of a paper for the application of Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 × 297 mm) I --------- buttoning-(Please read the precautions on the back before filling (This page), printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, 200300907 ΑΊ _ Β7 V. Description of the Invention (^ 3) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page} Between the pixel and at least one of the adjacent pixels Comparator circuit for edge conditions. The active circuit 4500 includes, for example, an integration circuit 1 100, which is designed as depicted in FIG. 2 to integrate the photocurrent generated by the photosensitive area 1000 and convert it into an output signal that can be processed later. As shown in Figure 2, the integrating circuit U 00 is basically composed of an integrating amplifier 1 1 1 0. Its first input is connected to the photosensitive element 1000 and the other input is connected to a reference potential (such as ground). An integrating capacitor 1120 is connected between the output of the integrating amplifier 1110 and the first input. Therefore, the current iout generated by the photosensitive element 1 000 is accumulated on the integration capacitor 1 1 20 after a period of time, and a voltage output signal Vout is provided on the output of the integration amplifier. The integration and reset of the integration circuit are controlled by an appropriate control signal. Controlled, especially the RESET signal. Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and printed by the cooperative. Now refer to FIG. 3. The comparator array 4 1 5 is between the processing device 400 and the array 420. The comparator array 415 includes a plurality of comparator circuits, each of which One is used to compare the light intensity of the first pixel in the array 420 with the light intensity of the second pixel in the array 420, and output the obtained edge direction conditions. Basically, it is necessary to understand that each comparator circuit can also be integrated into the active area of each pixel. However, it is important to understand that placing the comparator circuit outside the pixel array will help reduce the non-photosensitive circuit area of the pixel and maximize sensitivity. Preferably, the processing of the edge information is performed outside the photodetector array 420. Each pixel provides its output signal to the input of the corresponding comparator circuit in the comparator array 4 1 5 and the comparator array 4 1 5 sequentially outputs the obtained edge conditions to the processing device 400. In this way, the size of the pixel active circuit can be reduced, and the photosensitive area of each pixel can be increased to obtain the paper size applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm). -17-Consumer Cooperatives, Intellectual Property Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed 200300907 A7 ____ B7 V. Description of the invention (14) Maximum sensitivity. This can also substantially reduce the wiring of the pixel array. However, within the scope of the present invention, it is conceivable that the processing portion is better in each pixel. Still referring to FIG. 3, the optical pointing device further includes at least one (or more) light sources 4 1 0 for generating radiation, such as LEDs, preferably monochromatic light, such as visible or invisible light, and preferably infrared light) On the surface S. Surface S is a flat or non-planar surface, such as a surface (optical mouse) across which the pointing device moves, a ball surface (such as an optical trackball), or any other suitable surface, as long as it provides a pattern of suitable intensity for light inspection Device array 420 can be detected. In addition, strictly speaking, the light source is not necessary, and the ambient light reflected from the surface S may be directly used. Typically, the optical pointing device includes a window and some optical accessories (not illustrated), which are arranged between the surface S and the light source 410 and the photodetector array 420. Typically, these windows and optical accessories are designed to protect the optical components of the optical pointing device from dust, and focus the radiation from the light source 4 10 and the radiation reflected from the surface S of the illuminated portion. The optical pointing device further includes a timepiece device 430 for supplying a timepiece signal CLK required by the processing device 400. At this time, the clock signal c L K is used by the processing device 400 to derive the clock signal required for processing digital data, and is used to control the operation of the photodetector array 4 2 0 and the pulse of the light source 4 10. A gate device 43 5 (such as a logic AND gate) is interposed between the timepiece device 43 0 and the processing device 400 to selectively inhibit the supply of the timepiece signal CLK to the processing device 400. The activation of the gate device 435 is controlled by the processing device 400 via the CLK_CTRL signal. It must be understood that the timepiece device 4 3 0 is not a necessary basic element. The paper size of the timepiece uses the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21 0X297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)

200300907 ΑΊ _ Β7 __ 5. Description of the invention (1 The cold gauge signal CLK is better supplied by the host connected to the optical pointing device (via interface 450) 〇 (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) 3 switches 44 1 , 442, 443 provide additional control input signals to the processing device 400. Typically, the switches 44 1, 442, 443 are controlled by corresponding buttons located on the device casing. The processing device 400 is also suitable for bidirectional communication with the interface 450 .Communication, the interface 450 communicates with the main system (not shown) through the bus 4 55. The cursor control signals (and other signals related to the optical pointing device) are supplied to the main system via the bus 4 5 5 The processing device 400 also receives information from the main system, such as configuration signals, via a bus 4 5 5. As mentioned earlier, the processing device 400 is basically designed to intermittently sample the photodetector array 420 in a defined order. Pixel output. Two. Continuous edge information samples are compared, and the processing device 400 extracts a measure of relative movement. Then, an appropriate cursor control is derived from the measure of relative movement. The signal is transmitted to the main system via the interface 4500. The better sensing device printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs also includes a level detection device 700 arranged outside the array 420. On the one hand, the level detection The detection device 700 is designed to receive the signals output by the pixels and monitor the levels of these signals in order to derive specific clock signals for operating the sensing device (especially for controlling the integration and reset procedures of the integration circuit 1 100). On the one hand, the level detection device 700 is also suitable for detecting the minimum level of a pixel output signal. The level is aligned in US Patent Application 10 / 〇001,963, filed on December 5, 2001. The detection device and its use are described in detail. The name is "Method, sensing device and optical pointing device including a sensing device for comparing. _ Printed by the Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, 200300907 A7 B7__ V. Description of the invention (16) light intensity between pixels ", the applicant is the same as this case and precedes this application, which is incorporated herein For reference, we can also refer to the US patent application 10 / 00,963 for a more concise description of the embodiment of the sensing device. In particular, this priority application describes the principle of comparing the light intensity between adjacent pixels, basically The above is the integration of the integrating circuit shown in Figure 2 with the corresponding comparator circuit. These integrating and comparator circuits are operated under a specific clock design in order to provide the required edge information (or more precisely, the required Edge direction data). Figures 6A and 6B in this patent application disclose a circuit configuration to provide 4 different edge direction conditions (see precise definitions below). These edge direction conditions can be used in the direction of movement, which is within the scope of the present invention. It is within the scope of the present invention to distinguish the edges according to their "direction." In particular, we define two different edge direction conditions, namely: The definition of the first edge condition (or positive edge) is that the light intensity of the first pixel is less than the light intensity of the second pixel; and the edge condition of the table (or (Negative edge) is defined as the light intensity of the first pixel is greater than the light intensity of the second pixel; it must be noted that the reason for this difference is to include the direction along which the pixel is located when checking the light intensity of the pixel on the selected axis consider. Taking the example in Figure 4, the positive direction of the extension of the young axis (that is, the X axis) is from left to right, and the positive direction of the extension of the second axis (that is, the γ axis) is from bottom to top. Therefore, if the light intensity of the selected pixel is less than the light intensity of the pixel on its right, the positive pixel is defined as the positive edge between the selected pixel and the pixel on its right. On the contrary, two pixels arranged along the Y axis are used as the paper standard to apply the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm). I "--20- I -------- --- Ί--1T ------ line (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) 200300907 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (1¾ example, if the light intensity of the selected pixel is detected to be greater than it The light intensity of the upper pixel is defined as the negative edge between the selected pixel and the pixel above it. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) According to the above principle, the positive and negative edges determined are at least the first And the second adjacent pixel. It must be understood that in addition to comparing the light intensity between two adjacent pixels, the light intensity between the first and second pixel subsets can also be compared. This requires the signal output by each pixel of each subset. Summarizing. This method is described in Figure 13 of the aforementioned U.S. Patent Application 10 / 001,963. U.S. Patent Application 10/00 1,959 has a more descriptive description of this method. The application was filed on December 5, 2001 , Named "Sensing device for optical pointing devices such as an optical mo Use ”, the applicant is the same as this application. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Figure 5 and 6 describe another method for comparing the light intensity between adjacent pixels. Figure 5 depicts along the axis The array of 5 pixels P 0 to p 4 and 3 comparator circuits COMP 1 to COMP 3 are part of an independent comparator array as shown in FIG. 3 (comparator array 4 1 5). In this example, instead of comparing the light intensity between two adjacent pixels, the light intensity between non-adjacent adjacent pixel pairs is compared. In particular, a comparison is performed between two pixels arranged along an axis, and the two pixels It is separated by a middle pixel on the same axis on one bit. As shown in FIG. 5, for example, the light intensity detected by the pixel P 0 is compared with the light intensity of the comparator circuit C0MP1 and the pixel P2. At this time, P1 is middle. Pixels. Similarly, comparator circuits COMM and COMP3 are coupled to pixels P1, P3, and P2, P4, respectively. The same method is used on both axes of the photodetector array. This comparator circuit and pixel Simple coupling method with similar paper scale Use the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (2I0X 297 mm) -21-200300907 ΑΊ __Β7 V. Description of the invention (1cold (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) The effect of the center line filter is reduced Noise when the light detector array detects the intensity pattern. This method does have the effect of comparing the output signal of the pixel P 0 force ρ ρ1 with the output signal of the pixel P 1 plus P2, but the advantage of the foregoing method is that it does not require Sum the circuits. It should be understood that other methods of comparing the light intensity between non-adjacent adjacent pixels are also feasible. In order to fetch the required edge direction lean material, the comparator circuit performs comparison steps, which are preferably implemented using a hysteresis function. Using a comparator circuit that implements hysteresis prevents the edge direction conditions from falling into unpredictable conditions when the light intensity levels between the first and second pixels are equal. One of the possible implementations of such a hysteresis function is disclosed in the aforementioned U.S. patent application 10/00 1,963. Alternatively, we can simply design the comparator circuit to output a positive edge condition or a negative edge condition when the light intensity levels appear equal. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Using the above-mentioned another method of comparing the light intensity between pixels, we can define that the edge direction condition (positive or negative edge) is located at a position that basically corresponds to the pixel position of the intermediate pixel. Figure 6 illustrates what happens when a 3 x 3 pixel array is assumed. In this figure, using the other method described above, the edges obtained as a result of the comparison of two adjacent pixels are shown as thick black lines and are "placed" on a pixel. It must be understood that the edge is defined for each pixel along two axes (except for pixels located at the edge or corner of the photodetector array, where there are no two adjacent pixels along the first and / or second axis) . We must understand that, for a specific photodetector array architecture, there are a predetermined number of edge direction conditions. In the illustrative description of Fig. 6, we can notice that there are 3 edge direction conditions along the axis X, and there are also 3 edge direction conditions along the axis Υ. The direction of these edges (the direction of the edge defines that the edge corresponds to the true edge of the paper. The dimensions apply to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 ×: Z97 mm) 200300907 A7 _____B7 V. Description of the invention (19) Edge or (Negative edges) are shown by corresponding arrows in the figure, and each arrow points from a darker pixel to a lighter pixel (dark pixels are pixels with low light intensity, and bright pixels are pixels with high light intensity). As shown in the figure, there are only four edge condition directions defined between the corner pixels. The reference axes X and Y are also illustrated in FIG. 6. As explained in the foregoing, the negative edge shown in the figure is a pixel whose arrow points in the negative direction of the axis X or γ. As briefly mentioned in the foregoing, according to the present invention, the edge direction data (ie, negative and positive edges) are defined based on data composed of performing motion detection (directly or indirectly, which will be described in detail below). In the "peak-to-zero / zero-to-zero motion detection, algorithm, and" local edge direction motion detection, "the algorithm performs its own analysis along the X and Y axes, and then adds up to get the final result. . In particular, please refer to the first algorithm, the "peak-to-zero / zero-to-zero motion detection" algorithm. Each column and row in the photodetector array is further analyzed to move along the selected axis (especially Along the X and Y axis) continuous edge direction to find a specific turning condition (defined as the first turning condition or "peak 値,", and the second turning condition or "zero 値" in the following). As shown in Figure 7 As shown, the first turning condition (or peak 値) is defined as a continuous positive edge (the arrow points upward in FIG. 7) followed by a negative edge (the arrow points downward in FIG. 7) along a specific axis (X or γ). Similarly, the second transition condition (or zero) is defined as a continuous negative edge followed by a positive edge along a specific axis. It must be understood that compared to the above-mentioned edge direction condition, the edge transition condition does not appear everywhere. Strictly It should be said that there should be a third turning condition indicating that there is no turning in the edge direction at the selected position. Processing the edge direction data to extract the edge turning data defined above. This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification. 210X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) • Packing · Printed by the Employees' Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 200300907 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (2 () (Please read the precautions on the back first Fill out this page again) It is relatively simple. Because the edge direction data is basically composed of binary information (the edge direction can be positive or negative), it is stored as a binary data array, which is easy to retrieve because it only needs to check For each row and row in the array, find the position where the bit of data changes from the first binary state to the second binary state, and vice versa. As for the capacity required to store data for later motion detection processing It must be understood that it is better to first store the edge direction data and process this data later to retrieve the above edge transition data. In fact, one edge direction condition only requires one bit of memory, however, one edge transition The data requires 2 bits of memory in order to code for 3 possible situations, namely "peak peak", "zero peak", and "all are not." Regarding this, the edge direction The data need only be stored in the latches assigned to each pixel in the photodetector array (or rather, each comparator circuit in the comparator array). Alternatively, only the edge transition data can be stored Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, please refer to Figures 8, 9a, and 9b. The basic principle of detecting movement is described based on the edge transition data described above. Figure 8 shows an exemplary situation (using a single-axis motion detection Test as an example), this example is 10 consecutive edge direction conditions, and edge transition conditions are extracted from two consecutive flashes (that is, two consecutive ones detected from the photodetector array) Conditions for deriving the light intensity pattern). This exemplary case is a typical sub-pixel movement (that is, the displacement between two consecutive flashes is less than the pixel pitch). As shown in Figure 8, three edge transition conditions are detected, namely the first The peak chirp between the second and third edge direction conditions, the zero chirp between the fourth and fifth edge direction conditions, and the peak chirp between the seventh and eighth edge direction conditions. In the second flash, we can see that only the zero condition is shifted to the right. The paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -24- 200300907 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (21) A unit (This situation is also typical of sub-pixel movement). (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page.) It is better to track the peaks and zeros separately. We can imagine tracking edge transition conditions regardless of their type. However, in essence, information is lost during processing, and accuracy drops suddenly. You can use logic to test whether the zero- or peak-to-peak movement is left or right, that is, a first direction component along the axis or a second direction component that is opposite to the first direction component along the axis. Combine at least one accumulator for each axis (or two accumulators for each axis, keeping track of peak 値 and zero 分别 movement tracking, respectively), and increase or decrease the totalizer according to the direction of movement of the edge turning condition (if the edge turning condition does not move , This accumulator is not adjusted), which makes it easy to track along each axis. The Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (In addition to the accumulators printed by the Industrial and Consumer Cooperatives for tracking edge transition conditions, other accumulators can be added to calculate the total number of peaks and zeros that appear on each axis. Yes Add an accumulator on each axis to track the total number of edge transition conditions (peak 値 plus zero 値), or add two different accumulators on each axis to track the total number of peak 値 and zero 分别, respectively. Which method to use basically depends on the calculation method used to calculate the total displacement metric. Therefore, for motion detection along two axes, at least 4 accumulators are required (2 accumulators are used to track edge turning conditions, The other 2 accumulators are used to calculate the total number of edge transition conditions.) However, more accumulators can also be used, for example, a total of 8 accumulators are used to continuously track the movement and the number of stars for each edge transition condition. I can imagine Use] 2 accumulators to continuously track the 4 possible movement directions of the peak 値 and zero 値 along the X-axis and γ-axis, respectively. However, using more than 4 accumulators requires later processing In order to mathematically process the corresponding cumulative output 値. This paper size applies to China (CNS) M specifications (2 ^ —29? Mm)-200300907 A7 B7 Printed by the Consumers ’Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (2 $ Please refer to the exemplary situation in Figure 8 again, and use 2 independent accumulators to track the movement of peaks and zeros separately. We must understand that the totalizer related to tracking zeros will increase, and track the peaks. The accumulator of 値 will not be adjusted 'The total number of peaks and zeros detected in this example is 3. If we only use a single accumulator to track the movement of peaks and zeros, this is simply Causes the accumulator to increase. Of course, I must understand that if motion detection is performed along two axes (such as in the case of optical pointing devices), these steps must be performed along the X axis for each column in the array, and along The γ axis is executed for each row in the array. Figures 9a and 9b show the advantages of motion detection based on the principle described above to implement edge transition conditions along the diagonal of the first and second axes (slash symbol 90 shows the edge transition 6 possible adjacent positions, meanwhile, the symbol 95 is the detected turning condition of the target edge). Figures 9a and 9b illustrate the principle applicable to turning movement along the edges of the X and Y axes respectively. This type can be Implemented by adding or subtracting appropriate accumulators, if the corresponding edge transition conditions not only come from adjacent locations on the same axis, but if the corresponding edge transition conditions also come from one of the four adjacent locations along the diagonal, such as As depicted in Figures 9a and 9b, the direction along which the movement is to be determined presents a directional component along the axis. Figures 9a and 9b each illustrate 6 possible directions (all of which represent directions along the axis of the person corresponding to the axis) Component), when looking at possible displacements along the axis X and Y, the edge turning conditions may start from one of them (if we rotate Figure 9a 90 degrees, the motion detection along the γ axis is actually the same as along the χ axis Motion detection is the same). There are 3 possible situations on both sides of the target position (upper in Figure 9a, (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)-

* 1T paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) -9R _ 200300907 A7 ___B7_ 5. The description of the invention (about middle, bottom and left, middle and right in Figure 9b) is logical Ground summing (OR) together 'Therefore, an edge transition condition can only produce one unit of movement. In other words, the accumulator will only be increased or decreased once even if three identical edge turning conditions are positioned in advance near the target position. Many different methods can be imagined to calculate the total displacement metric based on the output of the accumulator. One of these calculation methods is to calculate the displacements 値 for each type of transition condition (along each axis) and average these displacements 値. The analytical formula of this first calculation method is described as follows: K-peak 位移 -shift = N-peak 右 · right-peak 値 · left / ΙΝΓχ-peak 値 X-zero 値 -shift = Νzero 値 • right-Νzero 値 · left / Νχ 零 値 (9 Υpeak 値 · shift = N peak 値 -up-N peak 値 · down / Nγ peak 値 (6) Υzero 値 -shift = Νzero 上 · upper zero · down / Nγzero 値 (7 ) X displacement = X peak 値-displacement-X zero 値-displacement / 2 (8) Υ displacement = Υ peak 値 · displacement-Υ zero 値 · displacement / 2 (9) X distance = X displacement 'Lpp (10) Y Distance = Y displacement. Lpp (11) Therefore, the method to calculate the displacement of the peak 値 along the X axis X⑬ 彳 is straight and shifted. The peak 移动 number of peaks N moving along the X axis toward the first direction component (that is, right) is N彳 Straight · Right minus the peak 値 The number of peaks N moving along the X axis toward the second direction component (ie left) opposite to the first direction component 左. Left, and the detected value along the X axis The total number of peaks NX is normalized. The method of calculating the displacement of zero 値 along the X-axis and the displacement of peak 値 and zero 値 along the Y-axis are the same. Then define the above equations (4) to (7) Peak 値 and zero 値 displacements are averaged and the result is multiplied by the pixel pitch LPP to get the movement along each axis The total paper size of the single paper size of the total distance and pixel pitch LPP applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Ad specifications (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page). Printed by the Employee Consumer Cooperative -27-200300907 kl B7 5. The description of the invention (24) can be micron, millimeter, inch, etc. It must be understood that the total result is always a fraction of the pixel pitch. (Please read the notes on the back before filling (This page) It must be understood that this first calculation method requires at least 4 accumulators for each axis to track the displacement of the edge transition condition and the total number of edge transition conditions. If necessary, two independent accumulators can be used to track the edge transition The condition moves along two possible directions of the selected axis, but this requires a calculation step outside P to calculate the difference between them. The second calculation method is to directly calculate the displacement 沿着 along the X and Y axes. The analytical formula is described as follows: X shift = (N peak 値 · right + N zero 値 · right)-(N peak 値. Left + N zero 値-left) / (Nχ peak 値 + Νχ zero 値) (12) Υ shift = peak 値-top + Ν 零 値-上)-(Ν 峰 値 · 下 + Ν 零 値 · 下) / (Νγ 峰+ Νγ 零 値) (13) X distance = X displacement ipp (14) Y distance = Y displacement _Lpp (15) Printed by the K-Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economy This second method requires at least 2 per axis Accumulators, one for tracking the movement of edge transition conditions (peak and zero are still tracked separately), and the other is responsible for tracking the total number of edge direction conditions detected along the selected axis. In order to allow greater flexibility in the calculation, at least four accumulators must be used for each axis, so that the above two calculation methods can be implemented using mobile detection devices of the same architecture. It must be understood that the analysis of the above X and Y displacement calculations is not consistent. However, the total number of peaks 値 and zero 値 is practically the same. Therefore, the results obtained by the two calculation algorithms are very close. From a processing point of view, it must be understood that the second method is better, because each axis only needs to perform a division operation. However, the first method requires ^^ for each axis and is applicable to the Chinese country; ^ 7〇 奶) 6 4 specifications (210 '乂 297 mm) " ~ 200300907 Α7 Β7 V. Description of the invention (25) Two division operations and one average operation are required. Now we must emphasize the other advantages of "peak / zero motion detection". First, the number of turns "seen" by the detector depends on the focus of the sensor. In particular, if the sensor is not in focus, the count of turns will be substantially reduced (the "seen" by the sensor Less). Therefore, this feature can be used to provide “out-of-focus” corruption. It is easy to implement this, just calculate the total number of X transitions and γ transitions (this number can be used to calculate the number of edge transition conditions) The output of the accumulator 値 is directly obtained), and the calculated quantity (X or γ transition) can be obtained by comparing it with a predetermined threshold 値. If the count 预先 is smaller than the predetermined threshold, the “out of focus” can be detected ', The case, and Report a warning signal to an external controller. Second, assume that the transitions will move through the array and that the transitions between the two flashes will not exceed a pixel pitch (the period between two consecutive flashes is determined so that This condition can always meet the maximum movement rate.) If the movement of the turn exceeds one pixel pitch, the motion detection design cannot determine where the turn came from. If the sensor moves too fast relative to the illuminated surface between two flashes, this The condition occurs, so this condition represents a "missing" condition. You can detect this condition by looking at the number of edge transition conditions from which you don't know where, that is, the final state transition condition does not have the same edge transition condition at the current position. , Or there is a pixel pitch surrounding it. These edge transition conditions can be defined as "false edge transition conditions," (this "false edge transition condition" may appear along two axes). Therefore, it can be for each axis Test and separate to track the number of "false edge transition conditions" (hence the need for two additional accumulators And compare it with a predetermined threshold. If counting (the Chinese national standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 × 297 mm) is applied along the χ or γ scale of this paper) Medicine-(Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page ), \ 5 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economy

-200300907 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (2 bows (please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) False turning of the shaft) is greater than the predetermined threshold, that is, "missing, conditions" will be detected and a warning will be issued The signal is reported to an external controller. Logically pre-arranged 'turns on the edge of the photodetector array are not included in the count of false edge transition conditions, even if they seem to come from nowhere. For example, false The edge transition condition may come from the outside of the array, and the algorithm cannot recognize it. Now refer to Figure 10a, 10b, 1a, 1b, and 12. I will now go back and describe the second motion detection algorithm. , Which is the so-called "local edge direction motion detection". This second algorithm is based on the direct analysis of edge direction data, and does not require any data acquisition processing before motion detection. This second algorithm is based on The current position of the negative and positive edges is compared with the previous positions of these negative and positive edges, in other words, it is detected whether the same edge direction conditions in the previous frame are located adjacent to each other. Figures 10 a and 10 b printed by the industrial and consumer cooperatives are two exemplary cases, which respectively explain the first case of no movement and the second part of pixel movement. In these two figures, 10 cases along one axis are illustrated. Sequence of edge direction conditions (positive and negative edges), these conditions correspond to the edge direction data that determine the two consecutive intensity patterns detected from the photodetector array. These two figures are labeled "R" and "L "Line indicates that when viewing the edge direction data from the current flash, the corresponding edge direction conditions detected during the last flash are moving to the right and / or left," 1 "and" 0 "respectively Indicates that the corresponding edge direction condition has or does not move in the corresponding direction (right or left). This process is not applied to the edge direction conditions at both ends of the sequence, because these conditions are only adjacent to one edge direction condition. We can see the picture] 〇a The total number of edge direction conditions detected along the axis moving toward the first direction component (that is, right) and the components moving in the opposite direction along the axis (this paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -30- 200300907 A7 m 5. The invention explains that the total number of edge direction conditions (that is, left) are equal, which of course means that no movement occurs between the two flashes. It must be understood that even in the " In the case of “no movement”, it is still possible to detect one or more edge direction conditions for local “wrong” detection movements. However, it must be emphasized that because the present invention uses statistical methods, such local detection movements will not be reflected. The overall displacement of the sensing device, and the effect of such movement will be minimized, especially due to the weighted operation of removing the measured overall bits by the number of edge direction conditions. This of course implies the use of light detection with a sufficient number of pixels Hundreds of pixels are sufficient for practical applications. Now refer to Figure 1 Ob. We can see that in this example, it is detected that 6 edge direction conditions move to the right, and only 4 edge direction conditions move to the left. This implies that the overall movement RL of the edge direction condition of the sequence in this example is 2 units to the right. In order to get the sensor's displacement estimate, the above result must be divided by the total number of "movable" edge direction conditions, expressed as a fraction of the displacement unit (one unit corresponds to one pixel pitch) ° As mentioned earlier ' Due to the existence of edge direction conditions between each pixel of the array 'and considering the fact that edge direction conditions located at edges and corners are discarded', the total number of "movable" edge direction conditions is fixed and can be determined in advance. In the figure and 10b, 10 edge direction conditions are described, of which edge direction conditions at the two ends are discarded; therefore, in this example, the total number of movable edge direction conditions is 8. Therefore, the resulting displacement along this axis is + 2/8 = + 0.2 5 (+ indicates moving to the right). Multiply this displacement 値 by the pixel pitch to get the total distance moved. Figures 1 a and 1 1 b are roughly the same as Figures 9a and 9b. They are used to illustrate the advantageous version of the second algorithm. The law is applicable to the two shafts of the People's Republic of China (CNS) A4 size (210x 297 ^ ¥ 1 ^ (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page)-Packing ·

， 1T printed by the Intellectual Property Office of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, 200300907 ΑΊ —_— --—— _ _ V. Description of the invention (2 Today's motion detection, which advances-step # _ ^ ^ ^ The conditions move diagonally along the two axes. In addition to testing the edge direction condition along the selected axis in one or the other direction, the edgeability condition will also be moved along the two diagonal lines. Take into account. The dagger implies that for each pixel and stomach, each edge direction condition must be compared with the six adjacent edge direction conditions in the current and previous edge direction data frames. As shown in Figure 11a, For motion detection of the χ axis, this implies that the edge direction condition (indicated by the black line) selected along the χ axis in the first edge direction data frame (for example, the previous frame) and the other edge direction data frame (Such as the current frame) in the edge direction conditions adjacent to it, that is, located at the upper left (UL), center left (CL), bottom left (LL), top right (UR), center right (CR), and bottom right (LR) edge direction conditions at each position (each corresponding edge direction The components are represented by wide oblique and hatched lines.) Similarly, for motion detection along the Y axis, this implies that the edge direction condition selected along the Y axis must be in the same position as the upper left (XJL), upper middle ( UC), upper right (UR), lower left (LL), lower middle (LC), and lower right (LR). Compare the edge direction conditions. It is important to emphasize that the motion detection along the X axis is used The corner positions UL, UR, LL, and LR corresponding to the edge information are different from the edge information used for motion detection along the Y axis, as shown in Figures 1 and 1. I ib uses different symbol descriptions to indicate the edges. Directional conditions (actually the same as those used in the "peak-to-zero / zero-to-zero motion detection" algorithm described in Figures 9a and 9b). As mentioned earlier, at least 2 accumulators are required to track the edge-direction condition. The movement of the X-axis tracking edge direction condition can be performed using a single accumulator. When the edge selected in the previous edge direction data frame is used, the paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X 297 mm) (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page)

Printed by 1T Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, 200300907 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, printed by A7 B7 V. Invention Description When moving, the accumulator is increased. If it is found that the selected condition is moving to any of the adjacent positions such as up left, middle left, and bottom left, the accumulator is reduced. The movement tracking method of performing the edge direction condition along the Y axis is also Similarly, when the selected previously detected and stored edge direction condition is found to move to any of the adjacent positions such as upward left, upper middle, and upper right, the accumulator is increased. When the selected edge direction condition The accumulator is reduced when it is found to move to any of the adjoining positions such as downward left, lower middle, and lower right. It must be understood that more than two accumulators can be used. For example, one for each direction of movement to be tested Accumulator, that is, 6 different accumulators per axis. If the movement test is positive, the corresponding accumulator will increase. However, we must understand that we need to calculate This additional accumulator outputs the sum and difference of 値. Alternatively, we can use 2 groups of 3 accumulators, each accumulator combined with 3 possible moving axes (reference axis X or γ and their 2 diagonal lines ), These accumulators increase or decrease according to the direction of movement along the selected axis. Compared to conventional algorithms, the accumulator does not need to calculate the total number of conditions along the edge of each axis, because these quantities are determined by a specific The structure of the photodetector array is determined. In addition, it is necessary to understand or analyze where the selected edge direction condition of the current frame is from the previous data frame instead of looking for the selected edge direction condition of the previous frame entering the current edge direction data frame. Where. This is just a simple reverse analysis, but it is exactly the same. In any case, these two methods are the same, because they detect the actual movement of the edge direction conditions along the selected axis. This paper applies Chinese national standards. (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) I -------- ¥ ---- Γ--1T ------ ^ (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)- 33- 200300907 A7 _B7__ five Description of the invention (30 directions. It is conceivable that there are other different methods of calculating the total displacement measure based on the output of the accumulator. One of the calculation methods, for example, calculates the displacement 値 for the axis directly from the output of a single accumulator combined with each axis, The accumulator is increased or decreased according to the detected moving direction of the edge direction condition. The analytical formula of the calculation method is described as follows: X displacement = (Nxur + Nxcr + Nxli〇- (Nxul + Nxcl + Nxll) / ( Nxedge) (16) Y displacement = (Nyul + Nyuc + Nyur)-(Nyll + Nylc + Nylr) / (Nxedge) (17) X distance = X displacement Ipp (18) Y distance = Y displacement 'Lpp (19 ) Among them, Nxur, Nxcr, Nxlr, Nxul, Nxcl, and Nxll are respectively detected along the X axis in the edge direction conditions of moving to the upper right, middle right, lower right, upper left, middle left, and lower left positions. Quantity: NY u L, NY u C, NY u R, Nyll, Nylc, and Nylr are detected along the Y axis to move to the upper left, upper middle, upper right, lower left, lower middle, and lower right positions, respectively. The number of edge direction conditions, LPP is the pixel pitch. I will now roughly describe the architecture of the digital data accumulation and the architecture of the divider, which can be used to implement the above accumulation and calculation design. These architectures will be described with the first motion detection algorithm, but it must be understood that basically both architectures are applicable to these architectures. Figure 12 illustrates the digital accumulation architecture implementing the accumulation design described above. This figure only illustrates the configuration of the X and Y comparator circuits of one column, that is, the comparator circuit of the comparator array 4 1 5 in FIG. 3, which is combined with a specific column i in the photodetector array. Correspondence of the entire row of edge direction data generated by the corresponding comparator circuit 4 I 5 This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21 × 29 * 7 mm) ^ -34- (Please read the precautions on the back before Fill out this page to print the line printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 200300907 printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (31) Send to 2xM bus 5 1 0 for motion detection The circuit 500, the number M corresponds to the number of columns in the photodetector array. Again, Figure 12 shows only one bit in the bus 5 10, corresponding to a specific column in the X and Υ comparator circuits The output of the comparator circuit in each row (that is, there are 2 comparator circuits in each row of a particular column i, which respectively output the edge direction conditions along the X axis and the edge direction conditions along the Y axis, corresponding to the selected The column-row position) of the switch is selectively connected to the motion detection circuit 500 through the bus 5 1 0. The activation of these switches is controlled by the COLUMN-SECECT [I: N] bus according to the appropriate clock design. (Switching between each row of the bus Corresponding to the switch of the line). The motion detection circuit 5 00 acquires and stores 3 lines of this data, and contains the temporary register required to store the last state. The peak state and zero state analysis of the current state is performed according to the principle described above. And compare it with the last state for motion detection. The conditions up / down, left / right represent the direction of movement derived from the detected edge turning conditions, and the number of turning conditions Nxinf and N ΥIN F along the two axes. Both are supplied by the motion detection circuit 500 to drive the appropriate accumulator circuits. According to the principles defined above, these accumulator circuits 5 50 (the required number depends on the algorithm used) are edge data The test line plus (and / or subtracting) represents the displacement detected and the number of turns detected during a single timepiece pulse. When each line is transmitted, a low timepiece count is accumulated, After the accumulator 5 500 is driven by the motion detection circuit 500, the number of columns in the combined totalizer (column totalizer circuit 52) is increased. This method requires N timepiece pulses. This paper scale applies to China. Standard (CNS) A4 size (2I0X 297 mm) (Please read the back of the precautions to fill out this page)

-35- Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 200300907 A7 _ B7 V. Invention Description (3 $ to process all edge orientation data, the number N is the number of rows in the array. The column totalizer circuit 5 20 The turning and moving data of the rows are aggregated (or the columns in a row are aggregated) and the data is output. The data may be as high as M, which is the number of columns. Now refer to Figure 13 and I will briefly describe the sequence of performing mathematical operations. The architecture of the divider, which is used to calculate the difference between the number of edge transition conditions moving in one direction of the selected axis (X or γ) and the number of edge transition conditions moving in the opposite direction (the difference is determined by the motion detection accumulator 6 1 0 output), and divide this difference by the output of the corresponding accumulator 620, which is used to track the total number of turning conditions along the edge of the selected axis. The calculation operation actually performed by this circuit architecture Defined in equations (12) and (13). The circuit architecture illustrated in the figure is more suitable for performing the calculation operation of (1 3), that is, calculating the displacement 値 along the edge transition condition of the γ axis. Motion detection accumulator 610 Can include one The 8-bit up-down accumulator is driven by two signals, UP and DOWN, which respectively represent the total number of edge transition conditions that are detected to move up or down. Similarly, The accumulator 620 may also be an 8-bit accumulator, which is controlled by a control signal representing the total number of detected edge transition conditions along the Y axis, Iy. The two accumulators output their outputs 値It is provided to the 8_bit subtracter 6 3 0, where the division operation is actually performed. The result is output to the divider controller 65 0 as a serial output bit stream, which controls the operation of the entire architecture (Especially loading data into the accumulator 610 and shifting the data in it) and formatting the output data. The 8-bit result output by the subtractor 6 3 0 is also fed back to the motion detection accumulator 6 丨 〇 Therefore, the structure shown in 'Figure] 3 constitutes a series of dividers, which are used to calculate the size of this paper. It is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CMS) A4 specification (210x297 mm) ~~~' ^ (Please read the notes on the back first (Fill in this page again)

200300907 A7 ___B7 V. Description of the invention (⑽ (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) The displacement (Y position) defined by the formula (1 3), the same structure can also be used to calculate other displacements (X 彳) According to this example, each tadpole needs 8 clock pulses in order to perform calculations and read data at the same time. We can also use the same serial divider architecture to implement the "local edge direction motion detection" algorithm, the only difference is An accumulator 6 2 0 is not needed to track the total number of edge direction conditions, this number is fixed by the configuration of the photodetector array and is predetermined. The present invention has been described using certain specific embodiments, it must be understood These embodiments are not meant to limit the invention. In fact, those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications and / or changes will not depart from the scope of the appended claims. For example, the proposed implementation The example sensing device does not need to be limited to a regular pixel array arranged along two orthogonal axes. Other pixel arrangements are also possible, such as pixels along two (or more Non-orthogonal pixel arrangement. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and finally reminded that the input of each comparator can be connected to more than one photosensitive element. For example, several adjacent or non-adjacent pixels The output signals can be added to produce a "filtered" pixel, as described in Figure 13 of the U.S. patent application 10/0 01, 9 63 mentioned earlier in this case. This paper size applies to the Chinese national standard (CNS) Α4 Specification (2) 0 × 297 mm) -37-

Claims (1)

200300907 A8 B8 C8 D8 VI. Patent application scope 1 ^ 1 · A method for measuring the relative movement between the surface (S) of the irradiated part and an optical sensing device including a photodetector array (4 2 0). The steps include: (read the precautions on the back before filling this page) (a) use the photodetector array to detect the first light intensity pattern of the surface of the illuminated part at the first time point; (b) compare the The light intensity between adjacent pixels of the photodetector array, and the edge direction data is determined from the detected first light intensity pattern. The data is a description of the light intensity difference between adjacent pixels, including the first edge The definition of the condition (or positive edge) is that the light intensity of the first pixel is less than that of the second pixel; and the definition of the second edge condition (or negative edge) is that the light intensity of the first pixel is greater than the light of the second pixel Intensity; (c) Store or extract the data from the edge direction; (d) Detect the second light intensity pattern of the surface of the illuminated part at the second time point; System (e ) Comparing the light intensity between adjacent pixels of the photodetector array, and determining the edge direction data from the detected second light intensity pattern; and (f) determined according to steps (b) and (e) The comparison of the edge direction data or the data extracted from the edge direction data according to the comparison determines the measure of the relative movement between the optical sensing device and the surface of the illuminated portion. 2. The method according to item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the photodetector array -38- This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (21 (^ 29: 7 mm) 200300907 A8 B8 C8 D8 Economy Printed by the Ministry of Intellectual Property Bureau's Consumer Cooperatives 6. The scope of patent application 2 columns include columns and rows of multiple pixels, which are respectively arranged along the first and second axes (χ, γ), and the edge direction data is along the Each of the first and second axes is determined. 3'As in the method of applying for the item i of the patent scope ', wherein step ⑽c) further includes a step of extracting edge turning data from the edge direction data, and the edge turning data is a A description of whether the positive and negative edges are continuous along at least one specific axis (X, γ) of the photodetector array, including the tongue, the first transition condition, or the peak 値, which is defined as a continuous along the specific axis A positive edge is followed by a negative edge; and. A second transition condition, or zero, is defined as a continuous negative edge followed by a positive edge along that particular axis; and step f) includes: (Π) comparing step e) with Decided turning conditions and steps Step b) The previous position of the determined turning condition; (f2) Determine the direction in which the edge turning condition moves along the special axis according to the result of the comparison; (f3) Calculate from the determined moving direction of the turning condition Total displacement measure (X displacement, Υ displacement) 04. The method according to item 3 of the patent application scope, wherein step C) includes storing the edge direction data or the edge turning data. 5. The method according to item 3 of the patent application, wherein step f) includes reducing or adding an accumulator (550,610) according to the turning direction of the turning condition. 6. The method according to item 5 of the patent application, wherein The first exhaustion of each axis (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) • Loading ·, 11 -—— 銶 This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -39- 200300907 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 6. The total number of patent applications 3 Adder (62) to track the total number of turning conditions, and at least one first accumulator (6 1 0) for each axis to track the turning conditions Direction of movement. 7. The method of claim 3, wherein the photodetector array includes columns and rows of a plurality of pixels, which are arranged along the first and second axes (X, γ), respectively, and wherein the edge transition condition The moving direction is determined along each of the first and second axes. 8. The method of claim 7 in the scope of patent application, wherein the direction of movement of the turning condition further includes first and second diagonal determinations along the first and second axes. .. 9. The method according to item 8 of the scope of patent application, wherein step f) includes: detecting whether a turning condition is along the first and second axes and the diagonal. Follow any of 8 possible directions Moving; when the turning condition moves along the first axis or the diagonal toward a first direction component along the first axis, adding a first accumulator combined with the first axis; when the turning condition is along the The first accumulator is reduced when the first axis or the diagonal moves toward a second direction component that is opposite to the one direction component of the delta table along the first axis; when the turning condition is along the second axis or the pair When the angle line moves toward the third direction component along the second axis, a second accumulator combined with the second axis is added; and when the turning condition is along the second axis or the diagonal line is along the first axis When the second axis moves with the fourth direction component opposite to the third direction component, reduce the number (please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page). The size of the paper is 1T. This paper applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification ( 210 × 297 mm) 200300907 A8 B8 C8 D8 VI. Application Scope of benefit 4 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 10. If the method in the third scope of the patent application, further includes the step of calculating the total number of peaks and / or zeros, if the total number is less than a predetermined Threshold for providing out-of-focus warning signals. 11. For the method of scope 3 of the patent application, step 0 further includes calculating the number of peaks and / or zeros that are not from any adjacent locations, or are not associated with them. Corresponding to the number of previously detected peaks and / or zeros, if the total number is greater than a predetermined threshold, it is used to provide a warning signal of disappearance. 12. For the method of the third scope of the patent application, which decides The movement direction of the peak 値 along the specific axis (X; Y) is irrelevant to determine the moving direction of the zero 値. The definition of the displacement 値 of the peak 値 (X peak 彳 straight. Displacement; Υ peak 彳 straight-displacement) Is the following ratio: (i) the number of peaks moving along the specific axis toward the first direction (N peaks straight-right;. N peak μ · ±) and the number along the specific axis toward the first Second direction with opposite direction components The number of peaks moving (N peaks-left; N peaks · bottom), and (ii) the total number of peaks along the particular axis (Nχ peaks straight; Nγ peaks straight), The displacement 値 (Xzero 値 -displacement; Υzero 値 · displacement) of the zero 値 is defined as the following ratio (: (i) zero 移动 (N right; N t moving along the specific axis toward the first direction component)上 .top) the difference between the number and the number of peaks 沿着 (Nzero 彳 Straight · Left; N * 値 · Bottom) the number of peaks moving along the specific axis in a second direction component opposite to the first direction component, and (Please Read the precautions on the back before filling this page)-Install '-i't? · 0 This paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (2) 0X297 mm -41-200300907 A8 B8 C8 _ D8 6 2. The total number of patent applications 5 (i0 the peak 値 (Nx zero 彳; Nγ * 値) along the specific axis, 13) such as the method of the third scope of the patent application, which determines the peak 値 along ( Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) The direction of movement of this particular axis (X; Υ) is not relevant to determine the direction of movement of the zero axis, The measurement of the total displacement measurement (X displacement; vertical displacement) is the following ratio: (0 the turning condition of the component moving along the specific axis toward the first direction (N 値 .Right + Nzero 彳 Straight · Right; the number of transitions between the number of N peaks (straight-up + N zero 値 _up) and the component moving along the specific axis in a second direction component opposite to the first direction component (N peak 値 · left + Nzero 値Left; · N peak 値 · lower + N zero 値 · lower) the number of differences, and (ii) the peak 値 (NX peak 値 + NX zero 沿) along the Schott axis; N γ peak 値 + Ν γ Zero 値) of the total number. 14 4. The method according to the scope of patent application, wherein step c) includes storing the edge direction data, and step 0 includes: (Π) comparing the positions of the positive and negative edges determined in step e) with step b ) The previous positions of the determined positive and negative edges; (f2) Determine the direction in which the positive and negative edges move along at least one specific axis (X; Y) according to the comparison result; System (f3) calculates the total displacement measure (X displacement 5Y displacement) from the determined direction of the positive and negative edge movements. 1 5. The method of item 14 in the scope of patent application, wherein step 0 includes detecting the positive And whether the negative edge moves to an adjacent position and add an accumulator (5 5 0 5 6 1 0) combined with the adjacent position. 16. The method according to item 14 of the scope of patent application, wherein the photodetector -42-this paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21〇 / 297 public envy) 200300907 A8 B8 C8 D8 ____ ^ __ 6. The scope of patent application e " (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) The array includes columns and rows of multiple pixels, which are arranged along the first and second axes (χ, γ), respectively, and where The moving directions of the positive and negative edges are determined along each of the first and second axes. 17. The method of claim 16 in the scope of patent application, wherein the direction of movement of the positive and negative edges further includes first and second diagonals along the first and second axes. 18. The method according to item 17 of the scope of patent application, wherein step f) includes: detecting whether the positive and negative edges are along the first and second axes and the diagonal line follows any of the 8 possible directions A move; according to the direction of the positive and negative edges moving along the first axis or the diagonal direction, increase and / or decrease the first accumulator combined with the first axis; follow the positive and negative edges along The second axis or the direction of the diagonal movement 'increases and / or decreases a second accumulator combined with the second axis. 19. The method of claim 14 in the scope of patent application, wherein determining the direction of movement of the positive edge along the specific axis (X; Y) is not related to determining the direction of movement of the negative edge. Cooperative printed delta Hai total displacement weight (X displacement; Υ displacement) is defined as the following ratio.: (I) edge direction conditions (Nxur + NxCr + Nxlr; NYUL + NYUC + NYUR) and the number of edge direction conditions (Nxul + Nxcl + Nxll; Nyll + Nylc + Nylr) that move along the particular axis toward a second direction component opposite to the first direction component, and (ii) Conditions along the edge of the particular axis (Nxedces; Nyedces: | -43- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 29 * 7 mm) 200300907 Α8 Β8 C8 D8 The total number of patent scope 7. 20. According to the method of applying for the first scope of patent scope, when the light intensity of the first pixel is equal to the light intensity of the second pixel, a positive edge or a negative is defined between the first and second pixels. The edge 2 1. If applying for special The method of scope item 1, wherein steps b) and e) include comparing the light intensities of the first and second pixels and implementing a hysteresis function to prevent the first light from being emitted when the light intensity of the first pixel is equal to the light intensity of the second pixel. The edge direction condition between the first and second pixels is unpredictable. 2 2 · The method according to item Γ of the patent application scope, wherein the light intensity of non-adjacent adjacent pixels is compared, especially the first and second pixels arranged along a specific axis of the photodetector array. And separated by intermediate pixels located on that particular axis, the position of the positive or negative edge is defined at the location of the intermediate pixel. 2 3 · — A motion detection device for detecting relative movement relative to the surface (S) of the illuminated portion, the motion detection device includes:-a light detector array (420), including a plurality of The pixels arranged on the first and second axes (X, Y) are used to detect the light intensity pattern on the surface of the irradiated portion;-a comparator device (4 1 5) is coupled to the light detector array for comparison The light intensity between adjacent pixels of the photodetector array along the first and second axes, and detected from the light intensity pattern. This light intensity pattern outputs edge direction data. The description of the difference in light intensity includes: The definition of the first edge condition (or positive edge) is that the paper size of this first pixel applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210X29 * 7 mm) (Please read the note on the back first (Please fill in this page for matters) Packing ------ Order ------ Nickel Printed by the staff of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs on the cooperative, 200300907 A8 B8 C8 _ D8 々, the light intensity of the patent application range 8 is less than the light intensity of the second pixel; and the definition of the first edge condition (or negative edge) is the first The light intensity of one pixel is greater than the light intensity of the second pixel; (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) " Storage device for at least temporarily storing or extracting data from the edge direction;- The processing device (400, 500, 520, 550, 610, 620, 630, 6500), according to the edge direction data determined by the first and second light intensity patterns continuously detected by the light detector array Or the data extracted from it determines the measure of relative movement relative to the surface of the illuminated portion. 24. The motion detection device according to item 23 of the scope of patent application, wherein the comparator device (415) includes a comparator array having a plurality of comparator circuits, and each comparator circuit compares the light intensity of the first pixel with The light intensity of the second pixel and outputs the obtained edge direction conditions. 25. The motion detection device according to item 24 of the patent application scope, wherein the comparator array is placed outside the active area (4500) of the photodetector array. 26. The motion detection device of claim 24, wherein the comparator circuit implements a hysteresis function. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs _ 27. For example, the motion detection device of the scope of application for patent No. 23, wherein the processing device (400) includes a device for extracting edge turning data from the edge direction data ' The edge transition data is a description of whether the positive and negative edges are continuous along the first (X) or second (Y) axis of the photodetector array (420), including: a first transition condition, or a peak chirp, It is defined as continuous positive edges followed by negative edges along the first or second axis; and -45-This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) 200300907 A8 B8 C8 D8 & 2. Patent application scope 9 The second turning condition, or zero, is defined as the continuous negative edge along the first or second axis followed by the positive edge; The processing device includes: (Please read the precautions on the back before filling (This page)-means for comparing, comparing the position of the turning condition with the previous position of the turning condition;-means for determining, based on the result of the comparison, determining the turning condition along the first and Direction of movement of the second axis (χ, γ);-means for calculation, calculating a total displacement metric (X · displacement, Υdisplacement) from the direction of movement of the turning condition determined. 28_ The motion detection device according to item 27 of the patent application scope, wherein the processing device (400) includes:-a first accumulator (62) for calculating a turn occurring along the first axis The number of conditions (N X peak Ν; Ν X zero 値; Ν XINF);-a second accumulator (62) to calculate the turning conditions (N X peak 値; Ν X zero) that occur along the second axis値; Ν XINF) number; printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economics-the third accumulator (6 10), used to calculate the turning conditions of the component moving along the first axis (X) in the first direction (N-peak 値 -right; N g 値 · right) and the turning condition of the component moving along the first axis (X) in a first direction component opposite to the first direction component (N-peak 彳 straight; left; Ν The difference between the numbers of zero (straight_left);-a fourth accumulator (6 10) for calculating a turning condition (N peak 値 -up) of the component moving along the second axis (Υ) in the second direction ; The number of zero zero (straight. Up) and the turning condition of moving along the second axis (Υ) in a fourth direction component opposite to the third direction component ( Peak 値 -bottom; N zero 値. 下) number -46 This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) 8 4 specifications (21〇 > < 297 mm) 200300907 A8 B8 C8 D8 Six, scope of patent application 1Q The difference between the quantities, and • a computing device (63 0, 65) to calculate the total displacement measure based on the output of the accumulator. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) 2 9. If applying The motion detection device of the 28th item of the patent, in which the peaks and zeros are separated and tracked independently of each other. The device includes a first group of the four accumulators for separately tracking the peaks and a second group of the four accumulators. To track the zero 値 separately, the calculation device includes:-a device (63 0) for calculating the first displacement 値 for calculating the ratio of the output 値 of the third (6 10) and the first (620) accumulator The first displacement 値 of the peak 値 along the first axis (X) (X peak 彳 straight_displacement) and the first displacement 该 of the zero 値 along the first axis (X) (X zero 彳 straight- (Displacement);-a device for calculating a second displacement 値, for accumulating according to the fourth (610) and the second (6 2 0) accumulator The ratio of the output 値 calculates the second displacement 値 (Y peak 彳 straight · displacement) of the peak 値 along the second axis (Y) and the first displacement 値 of the zero 値 along the second axis (Y) ( Y zero 値 · displacement); printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economics-a device that calculates the first average displacement 値, calculates the first displacement 値 along the peak 値 and zero 値 along the first axis (X) A first average displacement 値; and-means for calculating a second average displacement 値, calculating a second average displacement 沿着 along the second axis (Y) based on the peak 値 and a second displacement 値 of zero 値. 30. If the motion detection device according to item 28 of the patent application scope, wherein the peaks and zeros are separated and tracked independently of each other, the device includes a single group of the 4 accumulative > 47-This paper standard applies Chinese national standards ( CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) 200300907 Printed by A8 B8 C8 D8 of the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs -----~ 6. Applicable patent scope 11 Adder to track the peaks and zeros. The device comprises:-a device (630) for calculating a first displacement 値, for calculating the turning condition along the first axis based on the ratio of the 値 (6 10) and the output of the first (62) accumulator The first displacement 値 (X 彳 vertical shift); and ~ means (6 3 0) 'for calculating the second displacement 値 according to the ratio of the output 値 of the gg (6 10) and the second (62) accumulators A second displacement 値 (Y 彳 vertical displacement) of the turning condition along the second axis is calculated. 31. The motion detection device according to item 28 of the scope of patent application, wherein the second and fourth accumulators (620) are further used to track the turning conditions along the diagonals of the first and second axes. mobile. 32. The motion detection device according to item 23 of the patent application, wherein the processing device (400) includes:-a device for comparing, comparing the position of the positive and negative edges with the previous of the positive and negative edges Position; 'means for determining, determining the direction in which the positive and negative edges move along the first and second axes (X, Y);-means for calculating, from the determined positive and negative edges, Calculate the total displacement measure (X vertical displacement, vertical displacement) in the direction of movement. 3 3. The motion detection device according to item 32 of the scope of patent application, wherein the processing device comprises:-at least a first accumulator (6 1 0) for tracking an edge direction condition moving along the first axis; -At least a second accumulator (6 1 0), used to track the paper along the second axis. This paper scale applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) ^ --- one (please read the back first (Please note this page and fill in this page again)-Install · 1T wire 200300907 ABCD 々, the edge direction condition of patent application range 12;-Calculation device (630, 650), calculate the total displacement measure based on 値 output by the accumulator (X displacement, Y displacement). (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) 3 4 · If the motion detection device of item 33 of the patent application scope, where the positive and negative edges are separated and tracked independently, the δ Hai measuring device includes: -A device (63) for calculating a first displacement 値 for calculating a first displacement 値 (X 彳 vertical displacement) along the first axis (X) according to the following ratio 値: along the first axis toward the first The condition of the edge direction (>! ^ 1; 11 + 1 ^; > {〇11 + 1 ^ 1 ^) in which one direction component moves along the first axis is opposite to the first direction component. The difference between the number of edge direction conditions (Nxul + Nxcl + Nxll) of the two-direction component movement, the total number of edge direction conditions (NXEDCES) along the first axis (X),-a device for calculating the second displacement 値 (63 0), to calculate the second displacement 丨 (Y 丨 vertical displacement) along the second axis (Y) according to the following ratio: printed by the consumer consumption cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs along the second axis toward the first Number of edge direction conditions (Nyul + Nyuc + Nyur) for three-direction component movement along the second axis toward the third direction The difference between the number of edge direction conditions (N γ LL + Ν γ l C + N yl R) in the fourth direction where the component is opposite, the total number of edge direction conditions (NYEDGES) along the second axis (Y) . 3 5. If the motion detection device under the scope of patent application No. 27, further includes a device for calculating the total number of peak chirps and / or zero chirps, if the total number is small, the paper standard is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X 297 mm) 200300907 8 8 8 8 ABCD 々, patent application range 13 is at a predetermined threshold, the device provides a warning signal out of focus. 36. For a motion detection device in the scope of patent application No. 27, the further step includes calculating the number of peaks and / or zeros that are not from any adjacent location or there is no corresponding previously detected peaks and And / or zero number of devices, if the total number is greater than a predetermined threshold, the device provides a missing warning signal. 37. The motion detection device according to item 24 of the patent application, wherein each comparator circuit compares the light intensities of non-adjacent adjacent pixels, especially along the first or second axis of the photodetector array The non-adjacent neighboring pixels of are separated by intermediate pixels located on the same axis, and the position of the positive or negative edge is defined at the position of the intermediate pixel. (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs -50- This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (21〇297mm)