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TR2023001699A2 - A COATING WITH HIGH ANTI-CORROSIVE EFFECTIVENESS AND A METHOD FOR COATING THIS COATING ON SUBSTRATES - Google Patents

A COATING WITH HIGH ANTI-CORROSIVE EFFECTIVENESS AND A METHOD FOR COATING THIS COATING ON SUBSTRATES Download PDF

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TR2023001699A2
TR2023001699A2 TR2023/001699A TR2023001699A TR2023001699A2 TR 2023001699 A2 TR2023001699 A2 TR 2023001699A2 TR 2023/001699 A TR2023/001699 A TR 2023/001699A TR 2023001699 A TR2023001699 A TR 2023001699A TR 2023001699 A2 TR2023001699 A2 TR 2023001699A2
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coating
substrate
chemical
corrosive
chromium
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TR2023/001699A
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Turkish (tr)
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Can Etki̇n
Uzgur Nedi̇m
Azar Hüseyi̇n
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Uysal Maki̇na Sanayi̇ İthalat İhracat Ve Ti̇caret Anoni̇m Şi̇rketi̇
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Priority to TR2023/001699A priority Critical patent/TR2023001699A2/en
Publication of TR2023001699A2 publication Critical patent/TR2023001699A2/en
Priority to PCT/TR2023/051844 priority patent/WO2024172796A1/en

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/02Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
    • C23C18/12Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
    • C23C18/1204Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material inorganic material, e.g. non-oxide and non-metallic such as sulfides, nitrides based compounds
    • C23C18/1208Oxides, e.g. ceramics
    • C23C18/1216Metal oxides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/02Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
    • C23C18/12Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
    • C23C18/1225Deposition of multilayers of inorganic material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
    • C23C22/06Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
    • C23C22/07Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/32Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/32Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
    • C23C28/321Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal alloy layer
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2222/00Aspects relating to chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive medium
    • C23C2222/10Use of solutions containing trivalent chromium but free of hexavalent chromium

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

Buluş, bununla sınırlı olmamakla birlikte otomotiv sektöründe kullanılan bağlantı elemanlarının kaplanması için ağır korozif ortamlarda yüksek anti-korozif etkinliğe ve ince kaplama kalınlığına sahip bir kaplama ve bu kaplamanın substrat malzemeye kaplanması için bir yöntem ile ilgilidir.The invention relates to, but is not limited to, a coating with high anti-corrosion efficacy and thin coating thickness in highly corrosive environments for coating fasteners used in the automotive industry, and a method for applying this coating to the substrate material.

Description

TARIFNAME YÜKSEK ANTI-KOROZIF ETKINLIGE SAHIP BIR KAPLAMA VE BU KAPLAMANIN SUBSTRATLARA KAPLAN MASI içiN BIR YÖNTEM TEKNIK ALAN Bulus, bununla sinirli olmamakla birlikte otomotiv sektöründe baglanti elemanlarinin, agir korozif ortamlarda dahi yüksek anti-korozif etkinlige ve ince kaplama kalinligina sahip bir kaplama ve bu kaplamanin substrat ürüne kaplanmasi için bir yöntem ile ilgilidir. ÖNCEKI TEKNIK Korozyon, metal ve alasimlarinin ortam ile kimyasal ve elektrokimyasal reaksiyonu sonucu meydana gelen bozunma ve asinmadir. Korozyonun olusumu, disaridan herhangi bir enerjiye gerek duymadan kendiliginden belli bir hizla gerçeklesmektedir. Ilgili teknik alanlarda üretilen metalik malzemelerin, her yil yaklasik 1/3'ü korozyon nedeni ile kullanilmaz hale gelmektedir. Bu nedenle, metal ve alasimlarin üretildigi ve kullanildigi sektörlerde bu teknik olumsuz durum sermaye, emek ve enerji kaybina neden olmaktadir. Bu kayiplar küresel gayri safi ulusal hasilanin yaklasik Ilgili teknik alanda, metal ve alasimlarini korozyona karsi korumak için bazi anti- korozif yöntemler bulunmaktadir. Korozyona karsi mücadelede en etkin yöntemlerden biri kaplama uygulamasidir. Otomotiv sektöründe, bilhassa baglanti elemanlarinin korozyon ömürlerinin arttirilmasi için en yaygin kullanilan yöntem akimli ve akimsiz elektrolitik kaplamadir. Bu yöntem ile özellikle çinko ve çinko-nikel kaplama en yaygin kaplama türlerini olusturmaktadir. Kaplama malzemeleri, ametal olabilecegi gibi metal de (galvanizleme, çinko, çinko-nikel, kursun ve krom kaplama, kalaylama) olabilmektedir. Kimi durumlarda, yüzeysel koruma saglayan bir film, kaplama, anodik koruma yöntemleri ve fosfatlama gibi islemlerle uygulanmaktadir. Önceki teknikte metal ve alasimlarinin; amonyum nitrat, üre, potasyum, diamonyum fosfat, tarim kireci, amonyum tiyosülfat, sodyum klorat, nitrat, amonyak, azot <28%, atrazin bulunduran agir korozif ortam kosullarinda geleneksel metotlarin uygulanmasi ile korozyona karsi etkin bir sekilde korunamadigi ve korozyona ugradiklari tespit edilmistir. Anti-korozif özelliklerini arttirmak amaciyla metal ve alasimlarinin, yüzeyindeki anti- korozif kaplama kalinliklari arttirilarak agresif kimyasallara ve korozif ortamlara karsi bilinen kaplamalara göre daha yüksek korozyon dayan imlari elde edilmektedir ancak özellikle otomotiv sektöründe, kaplama kalinliginin fazla olmasi, kapladigi baglanti elemaninin hacmini arttiracagindan baglanti elemaninin düzgün bir sekilde montajini olumsuz etkileyebilmesi nedeniyle kaplama kalinliklarinin çok fazla olmasi tercih edilen bir durum degildir. Bu nedenle, teknik sartnamelerinde kaplama kalinligi olarak genelde oldukça küçük mikron araliginda bir kaplama kalinligi tercih edilmektedir. Sonuç olarak, ilgili teknik alan ihtiyaçlarina çözüm ve avantajlar sunmak üzere, agir korozif ortam kosullarinda dahi yüksek anti-korozif etkinlige ve ince kaplama kalinliklarina sahip kaplamalarin gelistirilmesi bir ihtiyaç haline gelmistir. BULUSUN KISA AÇIKLAMASI Bulus, yukarida sayilan dezavantajlarin üstesinden gelen, agir korozif ortamlara maruz kalan bilhassa metal veya metal alasimlarinin anti-korozif etkinliklerinin artirilmasini saglayan bir kaplama ile ilgilidir. Bulus bir diger yönüyle, metal veya metal alasimlarinin korozyon dayanimini arttirmak amaciyla ince kaplama kalinliklarina sahip bir kaplama ortaya koymaktadir. Bulus bir diger yönüyle, yüksek anti-korozif etkinlige sahip bir kaplamanin, substratlara kaplanmasi için bir yöntem ile ilgilidir. BU LUSUN DETAYLI AÇIKLAMASI Bu detayli açiklamada bulus konusu, metallerden veya metal alasimlarindan elde edilen substratlar için gelistirilen ve agir korozif ortamlara karsi dahi anti-korozif etki saglayan ve ince kaplama kalinlarina sahip bir kaplama ile ilgili olup, sadece konunun daha iyi anlasilmasina yönelik hiçbir sinirlayici etki olusturmayacak örneklerle açiklanmaktadir. Bulusta "korozyon" ifadesi ile metal, metal alasimlari ve benzeri substratlarin ortam sartlarinda belli mekanizmalar ile bozunmasi kastedilmektedir. Ayrica bulusta "korozyon" ifadesi, çok daha agir korozif ortamlari da ifade edebilmektedir. Bulus kapsaminda agir korozif ortamlar derken, amonyum nitrat, üre, potasyum, diamonyum fosfat, tarim kireci, amonyum tiyosülfat, sodyum klorat, nitrat, amonyak, azot <28%, atrazin içeren ortamlar kastedilebilmektedir. Teknikte, korozif ortamlar için anti-korozif kaplamalar mevcuttur fakat burada sözü edilen agir korozif ortamlarda bilhassa baglanti elemanlari için mevcut teknik çözümlerin yeterli olmadigi tespit edilmistir. Mevcut bulus sahipleri, bilhassa baglanti elemanlari için agir korozif ortamlarda yüksek anti-korozif etki saglanmasina yönelik ilgili teknik alana teknik çözümler ve avantajlar sunmaktadir. Burada bulusun daha anlasilabilir olmasi açisindan gerçeklestirilen teknik çözüm ve avantajlarin, otomotiv sektöründe kullanilan baglanti elemanlari için oldugundan bahsedilse de bulusun koruma kapsami bunlarla sinirli kalmamaktadir. Bulusta bahsedilen teknik çözüm ve avantajlar, baglanti elemanlarin disinda da ürünler, aparatlar veya elemanlarda kullanilabilmektedir. Bulusta "substrat malzeme" ifadesi ile korozif ortamlardan korunmak istenen, kullanildigi teknik alan için mekanik dayanim ve diger montaj özelliklerine sahip olmasi beklenen ürünler kastedilmektedir. Bulusta substrat malzemesi, metal ve metal alasimlari, ametal ve ametal alasimlari, polimer veya kompozit malzemelerini kapsayan gruptan seçilmektedir. Tercih edilen bir uygulamada substrat malzemesi, nikel, çinko, krom, alüminyum, vanadyum, manganez, titanyum, magnezyum, kalay, bakir, demir, silisyum, molibden ya da bunlarin bir alasimini kapsayan gruptan seçilen bir metal ya da metal alasimi bir malzemedir. En tercih edilen bir uygulamada substrat malzeme, tercihen metal ya da metal alasimdan imal edilen bir baglanti elemani ya da sac levha olabilmektedir. Bulusun koruma kapsami, substratin ne oldugu ile sinirlandirilmamaktadir. Bulus, ilgili teknik alanda teknik dezavantajlari gidermek ve yeni teknik çözümler saglamak üzere anti-korozif etkiye sahip bir kaplama ile ilgilidir. Bulusa konu kaplama esas olarak bir hibrit kaplamadir. Bulusun tercih edilen bir uygulamasinda bulusa konu kaplama, bünyesinde birden fazla katman içermekte ve bu katmanlar bir arada bulunduklarinda sinerjik etki göstermektedir. Bulus kapsaminda, "hibrit kaplama" ifadesi, birbirinden farkli teknik etkilere sahip ayri katmanlarin bir arada kullanilmasi ile anti-korozif etkinligin sergilenmesine yönelik sinerjik bir etkinin elde edildigi kaplama anlaminda kullanilmistir. Bulusa uygun kaplama tercihen en az iki katmandan meydana gelen hibrit bir kaplamad ir. Bulusun bir uygulamasinda, bulusa uygun kaplama substrat malzemeye direk olarak kaplanabilir. Bulusun bir uygulamasinda, yukarida tarif edilen substrat malzeme; herhangi bir metal ya da metal alasim malzemeden bir kaplama, örnegin çinko, çinko-nikel ya da çinko-fosfat gibi çinko içeren bir kaplama ile kapli olabilir ve bulusa konu kaplama da söz konusu metal kaplamalar ile kapli olan substrat malzeme üzerine uygulanabilir. Bulusa uygun kaplama ile kaplanmadan önce substrat malzemeye uygulanan çinko, çinko-nikel ya da çinko-fosfat gibi çinko içeren bir kaplama, substrat malzemeye tercihen elektrolitik kaplama yöntemi ile uygulanabilir. Bulus kapsaminda, "elektrolitik kaplama" ile elektroliz metoduyla substrat malzeme yüzeyine ince bir film tabakasi olusturulmasi ile gerçeklestirilen kaplama ifade edilmektedir. Bulus kapsaminda, "elektroliz" ile bir tuz çözeltisine veya erimis bir tuza batirilmis iki metal elektrot arasindan bir akim kaynagi yardimiyla elektrik akimi geçirilerek, elektrolitik iletkenlik yardimiyla, elektrotlarin siviya batan kisimlarinda meydana gelen kimyasal degisimler ifade edilmektedir. Bulusa konu kaplama, bünyesinde tercihen en az iki katman içermektedir. Bu katmanlarin her biri, nihai ürüne teknik çözüm sunmaktadir. Bulus konusu kaplama, tercihen bünyesinde alt, orta ve üst katman olmak üzere üç katman içermektedir. Bulusun tercih edilen uygulamasinda kaplama bünyesinde, krom veya krom esasli bilesik içeren en az bir alt katman, fosfor veya fosfor esasli bilesik içeren en az bir orta katman ve polimerik malzeme içeren en az bir üst katman içermektedir. Bulusun tercih edilen bir uygulamasinda kaplamayi olusturan alt ve orta katman substratlara elektrolitik kaplama yöntemi ile kaplanmaktadir. Bu bulusta, elektrolitik kaplama islemlerinin gerçeklestirilmesine yönelik alt ve orta katmanlari için kimyasal banyolar hazirlanmaktadir. Substrat malzemeleri, söz konusu hazirlanan kimyasal banyolara yerlestirilmekte ve kaplama islemlerine tabi tutulmaktadir. Bulusa konu kaplama bünyesinde, substrat malzeme yüzeyleri ile temas halinde ve substrat malzemelerin alt ve/veya yanal yüzeylerinin en az bir kismini kaplayan en az bir alt katman içermektedir. Bulusa konu kaplamada alt katmaninin substrat yüzeyine kaplanmasi için hazirlanan kimyasal banyo bünyesinde en az bir krom veya krom esasli bilesik ve en az bir korozyon içermektedir. Alt katmanin, substrata kaplanmasi için kimyasal banyonun hazirlanmasinda söz konusu kimyasal malzemelerin yaninda tercihen su da kullanilmaktadir. Sözü edilen alt katman, bünyesinde ana bilesen olarak en az bir krom veya krom esasli bilesik içermektedir. Bulusa konu kaplama bünyesinde yer alan alt katman, substratin paslanmasini geciktirmek ve böylece kullanim ömrünü arttirmak amaciyla krom veya krom esasli bilesigi içermektedir. Bulusa konu kaplamanin alt katmani bünyesinde kromik asit, krom sülfat [Cr2(SO4)2], krom sap [KCr(SO4)2], krom klorür [CrCl3], krom bromür [CrBr3], krom florür [CrF3], krom (lll) nitrat [CrNOs] bilesiklerini veya bunlarin belli oranlarda herhangi bir karisimini kapsayan gruptan seçilen en az bir krom esasli bilesik içermektedir. En tercih edilen uygulamada, alt katman bünyesinde krom esasli bilesik olarak; krom (lll) nitrat [CrNOs] ve/veya krom sülfat [Cr2(SO4)2] bilesiklerinden en az birini içermektedir. Alt katman, tercih edilmesi durumunda bünyesinde en az bir korozyon inhibitörü içermektedir. Bulusta alt katman korozyon inhibitörü olarak; nitrat, sülfat ve/veya halojen tuzlarini kapsayan bir gruptan seçilen en az bir bilesik içermektedir. Bulusun tercih edilen bir uygulamasinda alt katman korozyon inhibitörü olarak; kobalt esasli bir nitrat, sülfat ve/veya halojen tuzlarini kapsayan bir gruptan seçilen en az bir bilesik içermektedir. Bulusun tercih edilen bir uygulamasinda alt katman korozyon inhibitörü olarak; kobalt sülfat ve/veya kobalt nitrat bilesiklerinden en az birini içermektedir. Bulusa konu kaplama bünyesinde en az bir orta katman içermektedir. Tercih edilen bir uygulamada orta katman, kaplama bünyesinde alt katmanin üst komsulugunda ve temas halinde yer almaktadir. Bulusa uygun kaplamanin orta katmaninin substrat yüzeyine kaplanmasi için hazirlanan kimyasal banyo, kimyasal malzeme olarak en az bir fosfor veya fosfor esasli bilesik, en az bir korozyon inhibitörü içermektedir. Orta katmanin substrata kaplanmasi için kimyasal banyonun hazirlanmasinda söz konusu kimyasal malzemelerin yaninda tercihen su da kullanilir. Bulusa konu kaplama bünyesinde yer alan orta katman en az bir fosfor veya fosfor esasli bilesik içermektedir. Burada tercihen fosfor veya fosfor esasli bilesik, uygun bir çözücüde, örnegin suda, çözündügünde orta katman için fosfor iyonu saglamaktadir. Orta katman fosfor esasli bilesik olarak; dihidrojen fosfat [H2PO4]', amonyum dihidrojen fosfat [(NH4)(H2PO4)], monokalsiyum fosfat (Ca(H2PO4)2) bilesiklerinden en az birini veya bunlarin belli oranlarda herhangi bir karisimini içermektedir. Orta katman, bünyesinde içerdigi fosfatin güçlü bag olusturma özelligi sayesinde alt ve üst katmanlar ile siki bir baglanma gerçeklestirmektedir. Orta katman, bahsedilen güçlü etkilesim sayesinde korozyona sebebiyet veren maddelerin geçisini engellemekte ve kaplamanin anti-korozif etkisinin artmasina katkida bulunmaktadir. Bulusa konu kaplamaya ait orta katmaninin içerdigi fosfat, tercihen ince taneli olup daha kompakt bir yapi olusturularak substratin atmosferle olan etkilesimini kesmekte ve oksijenden kaynakli pas olusumunun minimize edilmesine katkida bulunmaktadir. Orta katman, bünyesinde tercihen en az bir korozyon inhibitörü içermektedir. Orta katman bünyesinde korozyon inhibitörü olarak; nitrat, sülfat ve/veya halojen tuzlarini kapsayan bir gruptan en az birini veya bunlarin belli oranlarda herhangi bir karisimlarini içermektedir. Bulusun tercih edilen bir uygulamasinda orta katman korozyon inhibitörü olarak; kalsiyum esasli bir nitrat, sülfat ve/veya halojen tuzlarindan en az birini veya bunlarin belli oranlarda herhangi bir karisimini içermektedir. Bulusun tercih edilen diger bir uygulamasinda, orta katman korozyon inhibitörü olarak kalsiyum sülfat, kalsiyum nitrat ve/veya kobalt nitrat bilesiklerinden en az birini içermektedir. Bulusa konu kaplama, bünyesinde en az bir üst katman içermektedir. Bulusun tercih edilen bir uygulamasinda üst katman, bulus konusu kaplamanin içerdigi orta katmanin üst komsulugunda ve temas halinde yer almaktadir. Bulusa uygun kaplamanin üst katmaninin substrat yüzeyine kaplanmasi için polimerik malzeme içeren bir kimyasal karisim hazirlanmaktadir. Söz konusu kimyasal karisim, en az bir polimerik malzeme ve/veya en az bir anti-korozif katki maddesi içermektedir. Substrat malzemelere, bulusa konu kaplamanin üst katmani, bulusun tercih edilen bir uygulamasinda, en az bir katman tercihen iki katman olarak, dip-spin ya da spreyleme yöntemi kullanilarak uygulanmaktadir. Buna göre substrat malzemeler, üst katmanin içerdigi polimerik malzeme bazli kimyasal karisimin oldugu tanklara daldirilmakta ve tanklardan çikarildiktan sonra santrifüj uygulanarak üst katmanin substrat malzeme yüzeyinde homojen dagilimi saglanmaktadir. Bulusa konu kaplama bünyesinde yer alan üst katman, bünyesinde en az bir polimerik malzeme içermektedir. Üst katman bünyesinde yer alan polimerik malzeme, substrat ve tercihen onun üzerinde yer alan kaplama bilesenleri için anti- korozif bariyer olusturmanin yani sira çarpma ve asinmalara karsi mekanik dayanim olusturmaktadir. Üst katman polimerik malzeme olarak; polidroksietilmetakrilat, 2-metoksil-1-metiletil asetat, 1-metoksi 2-asetoksi propan, 1-metoksi 2-propil asetat, 1-metoksi-2-propanol asetat, 1-metoksi-2-propil asetat, 2-asetoksi-1-metoksipropan, 2-propanol, 1-metoksi asetat, Dowanol PMA glikol eter asetat, metoksi propil asetat, propilen glikol metil eter asetat, propilen glikol monometil eter asetat monomerlerinden elde edilen polimerleri ve/veya PGMEA, PGMA polimerlerini veya bunlarin belli oranlarda herhangi bir karisimini kapsayan bir gruptan seçilen en az bir polimerik malzemeyi içermektedir. Bulusun tercih edilen bir ifadesinde, söz konusu üst katman polimerik malzeme olarak, 2-metoksil- 1-metiletil asetat monomerinden elde edilen polimerik malzemeyi içermektedir. Bulusa uygun kaplamanin üst katmaninin içerdigi polimerik malzeme, tercih edilmesi durumunda anti-korozif katki maddesi ile birlikte bir kompozit malzeme olusturmaktadir. Bu bulusta üst katman anti-korozif katki maddesi olarak; trizinc bis(ortofosfat), çinko ortofostat, trizinc fosfat, çinko fosfat ve trizinc difosfat, veya bunlarin belli oranlarda herhangi bir karisimini içermektedir. Bulusa uygun kaplamanin üst katmaninda, polimerik malzeme ve anti-korozif katki maddesini içeren söz konusu polimer bazli kompozit malzeme, hidrojen ve oksijenin yaninda nem ve diger gazlara karsi da üstün bir koruyucu bariyer islevi göstermektedir. Ayni zamanda, söz konusu polimer bazli kompozit malzeme üst katmana yalitkanlik özelligi de kazandirarak, iki farkli metal ya da metal alasimi malzeme arasindaki elektron transferi sonucu olusan paslanmanin neden oldugu galvanik korozyonun, elektron alisverisinin engellenmesi sayesinde önlenmesine katkida bulunmaktadir. Bulus bir diger yönüyle, karakterize edilen kaplamanin substrat malzemelere kaplanmasi için bir yöntem ile ilgilidir. Her bir katman, ayri teknik islemler uygulanarak substrat malzemelere kaplanmaktadir. Her bir kaplamanin substrat yüzeyine kaplanmasi için uygulanan islemler asagida detayli olarak bahsedilmistir. - Alt katmanin, substrat malzemelere kaplanmasi Substrat malzemelere alt katman, bulusun tercih edilen bir uygulamasinda elektrolit kaplama ya da alternatif olarak akimsiz kaplama yöntemi ile kaplanmaktadir. Söz konusu alt katmanin substratlara uygulanmasi için asagida belirtilen kimyasal malzeme karisimi ve seyreltici içeren kimyasal banyo hazirlanmaktadir. Bulus konusu kaplamanin alt katmaninin substrat yüzeyine kaplanmasinda kullanilan akimsiz kaplama yöntemi, elektrik akimi kullanmadan otokatalitik kimyasal indirgeme yöntemi ile elde edilen iyonlarin metal, seramik veya polimerden yapilan substrat yüzeylere kaplama teknigidir. Tercih edilen uygulamada alt katman için hazirlanan kimyasal banyonun sicakligi, 00 ila 35 00 arasinda bir degerdir. Alt katmanin substrat malzemelere kaplanmasi için substrat malzemesi, hazirlanan kimyasal banyoda en az 30 saniye bekletilmektedir. Bulusa konu kaplamaya ait alt katmaninin, substrat yüzeyine kaplanmasi için hazirlanan kimyasal banyo, kimyasal malzeme olarak en az bir krom veya krom esasli bilesik, en az bir korozyon inhibitörü ve en az bir elektrolit anotlama malzemesi içermektedir. Alt katmanin substratlara kaplanmasi için kimyasal banyonun hazirlanmasinda söz konusu kimyasal malzemelerin yaninda seyreltici olarak tercihen su da kullanilir. Bulusa konu kaplama bünyesinde, substrat malzeme yüzeyleri ile temas halinde ve substrat malzemenin alt ve/veya yanal yüzeylerinin en az bir kismini kaplayan en az bir alt katman içermektedir. Sözü edilen alt katman bünyesinde ana bilesen olarak krom veya krom esasli bir bilesik içermektedir. Bulusa konu kaplama bünyesinde yer alan alt katman, substratin paslanmasini geciktirmek ve böylece kullanim ömrünü arttirmak amaciyla anti-paslanmaz islevini saglamak üzere krom veya krom esasli bilesigini içermektedir. Bulusa konu kaplamanin alt katmani için hazirlanan kimyasal banyo tercihen en az bir krom veya krom esasli bilesik içermektedir. Bulusta alt katman için hazirlanan kimyasal banyo krom esasli bilesik olarak; kromik asit, krom sülfat [Cr2(SO4)2], krom sap [KCr(SO4)2], krom klorür [CrCl3], krom bromür [CrBr3], krom florür [CrF3], krom (lll) nitrat [CrNOs] bilesiklerini veya bunlarin belli oranda herhangi bir karisimini içermektedir. En tercih edilen uygulamada, alt katmani için hazirlanan kimyasal banyo bünyesinde krom esasli bilesik olarak krom (lll) nitrat [CrNOs] ve/veya krom sülfat [Cr2(SO4)2] bilesiklerinden en az birini içermektedir. Bulusa konu kaplamanin alt katmaninin substrat yüzeyine kaplanmasi için hazirlanan kimyasal banyo, içerdigi kimyasal malzemenin toplam agirliginin %5 ila %40'i, tercihen %7 ila %35'i, daha tercihen %10 ila %30'u araliginda en az bir krom veya krom esasli bilesik içermektedir. Alt katmani için hazirlanan kimyasal banyo, tercih edilmesi durumunda en az bir korozyon inhibitörü içermektedir. Bulusta alt katman için hazirlanan kimyasal banyo bünyesinde korozyon inhibitörü olarak; nitrat, sülfat ve/veya halojen tuzlarini kapsayan bir gruptan seçilen en az bir bilesik içermektedir. Bulusun tercih edilen bir uygulamasinda alt katmani için hazirlanan kimyasal banyo bünyesinde korozyon inhibitörü olarak; kobalt esasli bir nitrat, sülfat ve/veya halojen tuzlarini kapsayan bir gruptan seçilen en az bir bilesik içermektedir. Bulusun tercih edilen bir uygulamasinda alt katmani için hazirlanan kimyasal banyo bünyesinde korozyon inhibitörü olarak; kobalt sülfat ve/veya kobalt nitrat bilesiklerinden en az birini içermektedir. Bulusa uygun kaplamanin alt katmaninin substrat yüzeyine kaplanmasi için hazirlanan kimyasal banyo, içerdigi kimyasal malzemenin toplam araliginda en az bir korozyon inhibitörü içermektedir. Bulusa uygun kaplamanin alt katmani için hazirlanan kimyasal banyo en az bir elektrolit anotlama malzemesi içermektedir. Bulusun tercih edilen bir uygulamasinda alt katman için hazirlanan kimyasal banyo elektrolit anotlama malzemesi olarak; metanoik asit [HCOOH], etanoik asit [CH3COOH], propanoik asit karisimlarini içermektedir. Bulusa uygun kaplamanin alt katmaninin substrat yüzeyine kaplanmasi için hazirlanan kimyasal banyonun içerdigi kimyasal malzemenin toplam agirliginin %1 ila %20'si, tercihen %2 ila %15'i, daha tercihen En tercih edilen bir uygulamada alt katmanin substrat yüzeyine kaplanmasi için hazirlanan kimyasal banyo bünyesinde, içerdigi kimyasal malzemenin toplam agirliginin %10 ila %30'u araliginda bir degerde krom veya krom esasli bilesik, %5 ila %10'u araliginda bir degerde elektrolit anotlama malzemesi, %2,5 ila %10'u araliginda bir degerde korozyon inhibitörü içermesidir. - Orta katmanin, alt katmanin üst komsulugunda konumlandirilacak sekilde substrat malzemelere kaplanmasi Substrat malzemelere orta katman, bulusun tercih edilen bir uygulamasinda elektrolit kaplama ya da alternatif olarak akimsiz kaplama yöntemi ile kaplanmaktadir. Söz konusu kaplama yöntemini uygulamak için asagida orta katman için belirtilen kimyasal malzeme karisimini ve seyreltici içeren kimyasal banyo hazirlanir ve banyo sicakligi 55 00 ila 80 °C arasinda bir sicaklik degerinde ila 15 dakika arasinda bir süre ile orta katmanin kaplama islemi gerçeklestirilmektedir. Bulus konusu kaplamanin alt katmaninda oldugu gibi orta katmanin da substrat yüzeyine kaplanmasinda kullanilan akimsiz kaplama yöntemi, elektrik akimi kullanmadan otokatalitik kimyasal indirgeme yöntemi ile elde edilen iyonlarin metal, seramik veya polimerden yapilan substrat yüzeylere kaplama teknigidir. Bulusa uygun kaplamanin orta katmaninin substrat yüzeyine kaplanmasi için hazirlanan kimyasal banyo, kimyasal malzeme olarak en az bir fosfor veya fosfor saglayici bilesik, en az bir korozyon inhibitörü, en az bir elektrolit tuz, en az bir iletken ajani içermektedir. Orta katmanin substrata kaplanmasi için kimyasal banyonun hazirlanmasinda söz konusu kimyasal malzemelerin yaninda seyreltici olarak tercihen su da kullanilir. Bulusa uygun kaplama bünyesinde yer alan orta katman için hazirlanan kimyasal banyo bünyesinde en az bir fosfor veya fosfor esasli bilesik içermektedir. Burada tercihen fosfor saglayici bilesik, uygun bir çözücüde, örnegin suda, çözündügünde orta katman için fosfor iyonu saglamaktadir. Bulusun tercih edilen bir uygulamasinda orta katman için hazirlanan kimyasal banyo fosfor esasli bilesik olarak; dihidrojen fosfat [H2PO4]', amonyum dihidrojen fosfat [(NH4)(H2PO4)], monokalsiyum fosfat (Ca(H2PO4)2) bilesiklerinden en az birini veya bunlarin belli oranlarda herhangi bir karisimini içermektedir. Bulusa uygun kaplamanin orta katmaninin substrat yüzeyine kaplanmasi için hazirlanan kimyasal banyo, içerdigi kimyasal malzemenin toplam agirliginin %5 ila %75'i, tercihen %8 ila %60'i, daha tercihen %10 ila %50'si araliginda en az bir fosfat saglayici bilesik içermektedir. Orta katman için hazirlanan kimyasal banyo, bünyesinde tercihen en az bir korozyon inhibitörü içermektedir. Orta katman için hazirlanan kimyasal banyo korozyon inhibitörü olarak; nitrat, sülfat ve/veya halojen tuzlarini kapsayan bir gruptan seçilen en az bir bilesik içermektedir. Bulusun tercih edilen bir uygulamasinda orta katman için hazirlanan kimyasal banyo korozyon inhibitörü olarak; kalsiyum esasli bir nitrat, sülfat ve/veya halojen tuzlarindan en az birini veya bunlarin belli oranlarda herhangi bir karisimini içermektedir. Bulusun tercih edilen diger bir uygulamasinda orta katman için hazirlanan kimyasal banyo korozyon inhibitörü olarak; kalsiyum sülfat, kalsiyum nitrat ve/veya kobalt nitrat bilesiklerinden en az birini içermektedir. Bulusa uygun kaplamanin orta katmaninin substrat yüzeyine kaplanmasi için hazirlanan kimyasal banyo, içerdigi kimyasal malzemenin araliginda en az bir korozyon inhibitörü içermektedir. Bulusta orta katman için hazirlanan kimyasal banyo en az bir elektrolit tuz içermektedir. Orta katman için hazirlanan kimyasal banyo elektrolit tuz olarak tercihen çinko bazli bilesikler kullanilmaktadir. Söz konusu orta katman için hazirlanan kimyasal banyo elektrolit tuz olarak; çinko nitrat, çinko klorat, çinko sülfat, çinko fosfat, çinko molibdat, çinko kromat, çinko risinoleat bilesiklerinden en az birini veya bunlarin belli oranlarda herhangi bir karisimini içermektedir. Bulusa uygun kaplamanin orta katmaninin substrat yüzeyine kaplanmasi için hazirlanan kimyasal banyo, içerdigi kimyasal malzemenin toplam agirliginin %2,5 ila %10'u araliginda en az bir elektrolit tuz içermektedir. Orta katman için hazirlanan kimyasal banyo bünyesinde en az bir iletken ajani içermektedir. Orta katman için hazirlanan kimyasal banyo iletken ajani olarak; 3- (benztiazoil-2-tio)-propilsülfonik asit sodyum tuzu, 3-merkaptopropan-1-sülfonik asit sodyum tuzu, etilenditiodipropilsülfonik asit sodyum tuzu, disülfid disodyum tuzu, bis(w-sülfobütil)-disülfid disodyum tuzu, bis-(w-sülfohidroksipropil)-disülfid disodyum tuzu, bis(w-sülfopropil)-disülfid disodyum tuzu, bis-(w-sülfopropil)-sülfür disodyum tuzu, metil-(w-sülfopropil) sodyum tuzu, metil-(w-sülfopropil)-trisülfid disodyum tuzu, O-etil-ditiyokarbonik asit-S-(w-sülfopropil)-ester, tiyofosforik asit-O- etil-bis((w-sülfopropil)-ester disodyum tuzu, tiyofosforik asit-tri(w-sülfopropil)-ester trisodyum tuzu, N,N-dimetilditiokarbamik asit (3-sülfopropil) ester sodyum tuzu, 3- (2-benztiazoliltio)-1-propansülfonik asit sodyum tuzundan en az birini veya bunlarin belli oranlarda herhangi bir karisimini içermektedir. Bulusa uygun kaplamanin orta katmaninin substrat yüzeyine kaplanmasi için hazirlanan kimyasal banyo, içerdigi kimyasal malzemenin toplam agirliginin %2,5 ila %10'u araliginda en az bir iletken ajan içermektedir. Orta katman için hazirlanan kimyasal banyo tercih edilmesi durumunda ikinci bir elektrolit tuz içermektedir. Orta katman için hazirlanan kimyasal banyo ikinci elektrolit tuz olarak; ortofosforik asit, oligofosforik asitler, polifosforik asitler, siklo- veya metafosforik asitler, dalli polifosfatlar, parafosforik asit, tiyofosforik asit, perfosforik asit, süperfosforik asit, hiperfosforik asitten en az birini veya bunlarin belli oranlarda herhangi bir karisimini içermektedir. Bulusa uygun kaplamanin orta katmanin tercihen ikinci bir elektrolit tuz içermesi durumunda, orta katmanin substrat yüzeyine kaplanmasi için hazirlanan kimyasal banyo, içerdigi kimyasal malzemenin toplam agirliginin %2,5 ila %5'i araliginda ikinci bir elektrolit tuz içermektedir. En tercih edilen bir uygulamada orta katmanin substrat yüzeyine kaplanmasi için hazirlanan kimyasal banyo bünyesinde, içerdigi kimyasal malzemenin toplam agirliginin %10 ila %50'si araliginda bir degerde fosfor veya fosfor esasli bilesik, agirlikça %2,5 ila %10'u araliginda bir degerde elektrolit tuz, agirlikça %2,5 ila %5'i araliginda bir degerde tercihen ikinci bir elektrolit tuz, agirlikça %10 ila %25'i araliginda bir degerde korozyon inhibitörü ve %2,5 ila %10'u arasinda bir degerde iletken ajan içermektedir. - Üst katmanin, orta katmanin üst komsulugunda konumlandirilacak sekilde substrat malzemelere kaplanmasi Substrat malzemelere, bulusa konu kaplamanin üst katmani, bulusun tercih edilen bir uygulamasinda, en az bir katman tercihen iki katman olarak, dip-spin ya da spreyleme yöntemi kullanilarak uygulanmaktadir. Buna göre substrat malzemeler, üst katmanin içerdigi polimerik malzeme bazli kimyasal karisimin oldugu tanklara daldirilmakta ve tanklardan çikarildiktan sonra santrifüj uygulanarak üst katmanin substrat malzeme yüzeyinde homojen dagilimi saglanmaktadir. Kaplama islemleri 90 ila 270 dakika arasinda bir süre ile gerçeklestirilmektedir. Burada kimyasal karisimin sicakligi 20 00 ila 45 °C sicakliklari arasinda bir degerdedir. Bir sonraki islem adiminda üst katman ile kaplanmis substrat malzeme, 70 ila 80 °C sicaklari arasinda bir degerde, 10 ila 15 dakika arasinda bir süre boyunca kürleme islemine tabi tutulmaktadir. Bulusun tercih edilen bir uygulamasinda, substrat malzemelere üst katman arka arkaya iki kez uygulanmaktadir. Ikinci kez uygulanirken, yukarida uygulanan islemler tekrar edilmektedir. Bulusa uygun kaplamanin üst katmaninin substrat yüzeyine kaplanmasi için polimerik malzeme içeren bir kimyasal karisim hazirlanmaktadir. Söz konusu kimyasal karisim, en az bir polimerik malzeme, en az bir anti-korozif katki maddesi, en az bir seyreltici içermektedir. Bulusa konu kaplama bünyesinde yer alan üst katman için hazirlanan kimyasal karisim bünyesinde en az bir polimerik malzeme içermektedir. Üst katman için hazirlanan kimyasal karisim bünyesinde bulunan polimerik malzeme matris bileseni, anti-korozif bir katki maddesi takviye edici bilesen olarak birlikte bir kompozit meydana getirerek anti-korozif bariyer olusturmakta, ayni zamanda substratin çarpma ve asinma dayanimina katki saglamaktadir. Üst katman için hazirlanan kimyasal karisim bünyesinde polimerik malzeme olarak; polidroksietilmetakrilat, 2-metoksil-1-metiletil asetat, 1-metoksi 2-asetoksi propan, 1-metoksi 2-propil asetat, 1-metoksi-2-propanol asetat; 1-metoksi-2-propil asetat, 2-asetoksi-1-metoksipropan, 2-propanol, 1-metoksi asetat, Dowanol PMA glikol eter asetat, metoksi propil asetat, propilen glikol metil eter asetat, propilen glikol monometil eter asetat monomerlerinden elde edilen polimerleri ve PGMEA, PGMA polimerlerini veya bunlarin belli oranlarda herhangi bir karisimini kapsayan gruptan seçilen en az bir polimerik malzeme içermektedir. Bulusun tercih edilen bir uygulamasinda, üst katman için hazirlanan kimyasal karisim bünyesinde polimerik malzeme olarak 2-metoksil-1-metiletil asetat monomerinden elde edilen polimerik malzemeyi içermektedir. Bulusa uygun kaplamanin üst katmaninin substrat yüzeyine kaplanmasi için hazirlanan kimyasal karisim, toplam agirliginin %30'u ila polimerik malzeme içermektedir. Üst katman için hazirlanan kimyasal karisim bünyesinde en az bir anti-korozif katki maddesi içermektedir. Üst katman için hazirlanan kimyasal karisim bünyesinde anti-korozif katki maddesi olarak; trizinc bis(ortofosfat), çinko ortofostat, trizinc fosfat, çinko fosfat ve trizinc difosfat, Na2SO4, K2C03, CaCOs,MgO, Al203, SiO2,BN, TiO2 bilesiklerinden en az birini veya bunlarin belli oranlarda herhangi bir karisimini içermektedir. Bulusun tercih edilen bir uygulamasinda üst katman için hazirlanan kimyasal karisim bünyesinde anti-korozif katki maddesi olarak trizinc bis(ortofosfat) bilesigini içermektedir. Bulusa uygun kaplamanin üst katmaninin substrat yüzeyine kaplanmasi için hazirlanan kimyasal karisim, toplam agirliginin az bir anti-korozif katki malzemesi içermektedir. Üst katman için hazirlanan kimyasal karisim bünyesinde en az bir seyreltici içermektedir. Üst katman için hazirlanan kimyasal karisim bünyesinde yer alan söz konusu seyreltici, kimyasal karisimin akiskanliginin belirlenmesi ve polimerizasyon islemlerinin erken gerçeklesmesini engelleme islevini yerine getirmesi için ilave edilmektedir. Bulusa uygun kaplamanin üst katmani, üst katmanin substrat yüzeyine kaplanmasi için hazirlanan kimyasal karisimin toplam agirliginin %5'i ila olarak etan, propan, bütan, normal- ve izopentan gibi n-alkanlar, siklopentan ve sikloheksan gibi sikloalkanlar, gaz tesisi kondensatlari (n-alkanlar, naftenler, aromatikler, vb) veya bunlarin belli oranlarda herhangi bir karisimini kapsayan gruptan seçilen en az bir seyreltici içermektedir. Üst katman için hazirlanan kimyasal karisim bünyesinde tercih edilmesi durumunda en az bir ikinci seyreltici içermektedir. Üst katman için hazirlanan kimyasal karisim bünyesinde ikinci seyreltici olarak tercihen bütanol içermektedir. Kimyasal karisimin içeriginde bulunan ikinci seyreltici de kimyasal karisimin akiskanliginin belirlenmesi ve polimerizasyon islemlerinin erken gerçeklesmesinin engellenmesi islevlerini saglamak üzere yer almaktadir. Bulusa uygun kaplamanin üst katmaninin substrat yüzeyine kaplanmasi için hazirlanan kimyasal karisim, toplam agirliginin %5'i ila Üst katman için hazirlanan kimyasal karisim bünyesinde tercih edilmesi durumunda üçüncü bir seyreltici içermektedir. Söz konusu kimyasal karisim, üçüncü seyreltici olarak tercihen 1-Sikloheksanol, siklohesil alkol, heksahidrofenol, hidroksisikloheksan, heksalin veya bunlarin belli oranlarda herhangi bir karisimini kapsayan gruptan seçilen en az bir üçüncü seyreltici içermektedir. Bulu sa uygun kaplamanin üst katmanin substrat yüzeyine kaplanmasi için hazirlanan kimyasal karisim, toplam agirliginin %5'i ila %10'u arasinda üçüncü seyreltici içerir. Bulusa konu kaplama bünyesinde yer alan katmanlarin her biri nihai ürüne yukarida bahsedilen bulusun amaçlarini gerçeklestirmeye yönelik olarak teknik çözüm ve avantajlari saglamaktadir. Bu sekilde hibrit yapiya sahip olan kaplama bilhassa içerdigi katmanlar sayesinde agresif korozif ortamlarda dahi yüksek anti- korozif etkiler göstermektedir. Bulusa uygun kaplamanin anti-korozif etkinliginin tespit edilmesi amaciyla, Tablo 1'de alt, orta ve üst katmanin kaplanmasinda kullanilan kimyasal banyolarin içerigi verilen bulusa uygun örnek bir kaplamanin anti-korozif etkinligi, DlN EN lSO 4628-5 standartlarina uygun testlerde denemeye tutulmustur. Söz konusu bulusa uygun örnek bir kaplama ile kapli M10 ve M20 substrat malzemeye DlN EN lSO 4628-5 standardina göre uygulanan testin sonuçlari Tablo 2'de verilmistir. olup "",M dis üstü çapini ifade etmektedir ve birimi milimetredir. Testlerde kullanilan M10 ve M20 substrat malzemeler (baglanti elemanlari) için dis üstü çaplari sirasiyla 10 ve 20 milimetredir. Tablo 2'de, "lSO 4628-5 Siniflandirmasi" baslikli sütunda, teste tabi tutulan bulusa uygun örnek kaplama ile kapli olan substrat malzemenin ilgili korozif maddelere maruz birakilmasi durumunda paslanma derecesini ifade etmektedir. lSO 4628-5 standardina göre paslanma derecesi olarak 0-5 araligi verilmis olup tespit edilen pasin boyutuna göre 0-5 araliginda derecelendirme yapilmaktadir. Örnegin, mikroskop altinda degerlendirilen pas 10 kez yakinlastirma yapildiginda (10X) eger gözle görülebilir bir pas yok ise pas derecesi 0 olarak siniflandirilmaktadir. Tablo 2'ye göre; DlN EN lSO 4628-5 standardina göre teste tabi tutulan, Tablo 1'de içerigi verilen bulusa uygun örnek kaplama ile kaplanmis substrat malzemede pas olusumu gözlenmemesi nedeniyle 0 olarak siniflandirilmistir. Ilaveten, Tablo 1'de alt, orta ve üst katmanin kaplanmasinda kullanilan kimyasal banyolarin içerigi verilen bulusa uygun örnek kaplama ile kaplanmis substrat malzeme Drop testlerine de tabi tutulmus olup söz konusu kaplamanin yüksek anti- korozif etkinlik gösterdigi tespit edilmistir. Tablo 1'de bulusa uygun kaplama kapsaminda örnek bir kaplamanin alt, orta ve üst katmaninin kaplanmasi için kullanilan kimyasal banyo içerikleri verilmistir. Söz konusu kaplama, alt katmanin, orta katmanin ve üst katmanin uygulanmasi ile ilgili olarak yukarida detayli bir sekilde açiklanan yöntemler kullanilarak M10 ve M20 substrat malzemeye kaplanmistir ve sonrasinda anti-korozif etkinligi tespit etmek amaciyla testler gerçeklestirilmistir. Alt katman ve orta katman için Tablo 1'de açiklanan içerik, alt ve orta katmanin kaplanmasinda kullanilan kimyasal banyolarin içerigidir ve söz konusu alt ve orta katmanin substrata kaplanmasi için hazirlanan kimyasal banyoda kimyasal malzemelerin yaninda tercihen su da kullanilir. Ancak, üst katman olarak polimerik malzeme içeren bir kimyasal malzeme karisimi uygulanmakta olup bu kimyasal malzeme karisiminin içeriginin tamami Tablo 1'de paylasilmistir. Tablo 1. Bulusa konu kaplamanin kimyasal içerigi. Kimyasal Banyo Içerigi Agirlikça miktar (%) Alt Katman Krom saglayici bilesik 10-30 Anotlama Malzemesi 5-10 Korozyon inhibitörü 2,5-10 Su Gereken miktarda Toplam agirlik 100 Orta Katman Korozyon inhibitörü 10-25 Elektrolit tuz 2,5-10 Iletken ajan 2,5-10 Ikinci elektrolit tuzu 2,5-10 Su Gereken miktarda Toplam agirlik 100 Üst Katman Polimerik malzeme 50-70 Anti-korozif katki maddesi 5-10 Birinci Seyreltici 5-10 Ikinci seyreltici 5-10 Üçüncü seyreltici 5-10 Toplam agirlik 100 Tablo 2. M10 ve M20 substratlarina Tablo 1'de alt, orta ve üst katmanin kaplanmasinda kullanilan kimyasal banyolarinin içerigi verilen bulusa uygun kaplama malzemesinin kaplanmasi ile elde edilen ürünün çesitli agir korozyon ortamlarinda DlN EN lSO 4628-5 standartlarina sahip test sonuçlari ve nitel degerlendirmeler. Substrat M10 M20 Degerlendirme Siniflandirmasi Degerlendirme Siniflandirmasi Amonyum Nitrat Reaksiyon 0 Reaksiyon 0 yoktur. yoktur. Üre Reaksiyon 0 Reaksiyon 0 yoktur. yoktur. Potasyum Karbonat Reaksiyon 0 Reaksiyon 0 yoktur. yoktur. Diamonyum Fosfat Reaksiyon 0 Reaksiyon 0 yoktur. yoktur. Tarim Kireci Reaksiyon 0 Reaksiyon 0 yoktur. yoktur. Amonyum Tiyosülfat Reaksiyon 0 Reaksiyon 0 yoktur. yoktur. Sodyum Klorat Reaksiyon 0 Reaksiyon 0 yoktur. yoktur. Atrazin Reaksiyon 0 Reaksiyon 0 yoktur. yoktur. yoktur. yoktur. Amonyak Reaksiyon 0 Reaksiyon 0 yoktur. yoktur. Gerçeklestirilen testlerde ince kalinliklarda dahi bulusa uygun kaplamanin, yüksek anti-korozif etkinlik gösterdigi gözlemlenmistir. Buna göre, mevcut teknikte tercih edilen 5 ila 15 mikron arasinda bir degerde kaplama araliklarinda dahi bulusa uygun kaplama, kendisinden beklenen yüksek anti-korozif etkinlikleri saglayabilmektedir. Bulusun koruma kapsami ekte verilen istemlerde belirtilmis olup kesinlikle bu detayli anlatimda örnekleme amaciyla anlatilanlarla sinirli tutulamaz. Zira teknikte uzman bir kisinin, bulusun ana temasindan ayrilmadan yukarida anlatilanlar isiginda benzer yapilanmalar ortaya koyabilecegi açiktir. TR TR TR TR TR TR TR TR TR TR TR TR TR TR TR DESCRIPTION A COATING HAVING HIGH ANTI-CORROSIVE EFFECTIVENESS AND A METHOD FOR COATING THIS COATING ON SUBSTRATES TECHNICAL FIELD The invention relates to, but is not limited to, a coating having high anti-corrosive activity and a thin coating thickness for fasteners in the automotive industry, even in severe corrosive environments, and a method for coating this coating on the substrate product. PRIOR ART Corrosion is the decomposition and wear that occurs as a result of the chemical and electrochemical reaction of metals and alloys with the environment. Corrosion formation occurs spontaneously at a certain rate without requiring any external energy. Approximately 1/3 of the metallic materials produced in relevant technical fields become unusable every year due to corrosion. Therefore, in sectors where metals and alloys are produced and used, this technical adverse situation causes capital, labor and energy losses. These losses account for approximately 50% of the global gross national product. In the relevant technical field, there are some anti-corrosive methods to protect metals and alloys against corrosion. One of the most effective methods in the fight against corrosion is coating application. In the automotive industry, the most widely used method, especially for increasing the corrosion life of fasteners, is electrolytic and electroless electrolytic coating. With this method, zinc and zinc-nickel coatings constitute the most common coating types. Coating materials can be non-metallic as well as metal (galvanizing, zinc, zinc-nickel, lead and chrome plating, tinning). In some cases, a film providing surface protection is applied through processes such as coating, anodic protection methods and phosphating. In the prior art, metals and alloys; It has been determined that conventional methods cannot provide effective protection against corrosion in severely corrosive environments containing ammonium nitrate, urea, potassium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, agricultural lime, ammonium thiosulfate, sodium chlorate, nitrate, ammonia, nitrogen <28%, and atrazine. To enhance anti-corrosive properties, higher corrosion resistance against aggressive chemicals and corrosive environments is achieved by increasing the thickness of anti-corrosive coatings on the surfaces of metals and alloys compared to conventional coatings. However, excessive coating thicknesses are not preferred, especially in the automotive industry, because excessive coating thickness increases the volume of the fastener it covers and can negatively affect the proper assembly of the fastener. Therefore, coating thicknesses in the micron range are generally preferred in technical specifications. Consequently, the development of coatings with high anti-corrosive activity and thin coating thicknesses, even in severely corrosive environments, has become a necessity to offer solutions and advantages to relevant technical field needs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a coating that overcomes the aforementioned disadvantages and increases the anti-corrosive activity of metals or metal alloys, particularly those exposed to severely corrosive environments. In another aspect, the invention provides a coating with thin coating thicknesses to increase the corrosion resistance of metals or metal alloys. In another aspect, the invention relates to a method for applying a coating with high anti-corrosive activity to substrates. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In this detailed description, the subject of the invention relates to a coating developed for substrates made of metals or metal alloys, which provides anti-corrosive activity even in severely corrosive environments and has thin coating thicknesses. It is explained using examples that will not create any limiting effects solely for the purpose of better understanding the subject. The term "corrosion" in the invention refers to the deterioration of metal, metal alloys, and similar substrates through certain mechanisms under ambient conditions. Furthermore, the term "corrosion" in the invention can also refer to much more severely corrosive environments. Within the scope of the invention, severely corrosive environments can be understood as ammonium nitrate, urea, potassium, diammonium phosphate, agricultural lime, ammonium thiosulfate, sodium chlorate, nitrate, ammonia, nitrogen <28%, and atrazine. Anti-corrosive coatings exist in the art for corrosive environments, but it has been determined that existing technical solutions, particularly for fasteners, are not sufficient in the severely corrosive environments mentioned here. The present inventors offer technical solutions and advantages in the relevant technical field to provide high anti-corrosive effects, particularly for fasteners in severely corrosive environments. While it is stated here that the technical solutions and advantages implemented are for fasteners used in the automotive industry for the sake of clarity of the invention, the scope of protection of the invention is not limited to these. The technical solutions and advantages mentioned in the invention can also be used in products, apparatus, or components other than fasteners. The term "substrate material" in the invention refers to products that are intended to be protected from corrosive environments and are expected to have mechanical strength and other assembly properties for their intended technical application. In the invention, the substrate material is selected from a group consisting of metals and metal alloys, nonmetals and nonmetallic alloys, polymers, or composite materials. In a preferred embodiment, the substrate material is a metal or metal alloy selected from a group consisting of nickel, zinc, chromium, aluminum, vanadium, manganese, titanium, magnesium, tin, copper, iron, silicon, molybdenum, or an alloy thereof. In a most preferred embodiment, the substrate material may be a fastener or sheet metal, preferably made of metal or a metal alloy. The scope of protection provided by the invention is not limited to the substrate. The invention relates to a coating having an anti-corrosive effect in order to eliminate technical disadvantages and to provide new technical solutions in the relevant technical field. The coating according to the invention is essentially a hybrid coating. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the coating according to the invention comprises more than one layer and these layers exhibit a synergistic effect when combined. Within the scope of the invention, the term "hybrid coating" is used to mean a coating in which a synergistic effect for exhibiting anti-corrosive activity is achieved by using separate layers having different technical effects together. The coating according to the invention is preferably a hybrid coating consisting of at least two layers. In one embodiment of the invention, the coating according to the invention can be coated directly onto the substrate material. In one embodiment of the invention, the substrate material described above; The coating of any metal or metal alloy material can be covered with a zinc-containing coating such as zinc, zinc-nickel or zinc-phosphate, and the coating of the invention can be applied to the substrate material covered with the said metal coatings. A zinc-containing coating such as zinc, zinc-nickel or zinc-phosphate applied to the substrate material before being coated with the coating according to the invention can preferably be applied to the substrate material by the electrolytic coating method. Within the scope of the invention, "electrolytic coating" means coating performed by forming a thin film layer on the surface of the substrate material by electrolysis. Within the scope of the invention, "electrolysis" means the chemical changes that occur in the parts of the electrodes immersed in the liquid by passing an electric current with the help of a current source between two metal electrodes immersed in a salt solution or a molten salt, with the help of electrolytic conductivity. The coating of the invention preferably comprises at least two layers. Each of these layers provides a technical solution for the final product. The coating of the invention preferably comprises three layers: bottom, middle, and top layers. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the coating comprises at least one bottom layer containing a chromium or chromium-based compound, at least one middle layer containing a phosphorus or phosphorus-based compound, and at least one top layer containing a polymeric material. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the bottom and middle layers constituting the coating are coated on substrates by the electrolytic coating method. In this invention, chemical baths are prepared for the bottom and middle layers for electrolytic coating processes. Substrate materials are placed in the prepared chemical baths and subjected to the coating processes. The coating of the invention comprises at least one bottom layer that is in contact with the substrate material surfaces and covers at least a portion of the bottom and/or lateral surfaces of the substrate materials. In the coating of the invention, the chemical bath prepared for coating the substrate to the surface contains at least one chromium or chromium-based compound and at least one corrosion agent. In addition to the aforementioned chemical materials, water is preferably used in preparing the chemical bath for coating the substrate. The substrate contains at least one chromium or chromium-based compound as a primary component. The substrate within the coating of the invention contains the chromium or chromium-based compound to retard corrosion of the substrate and thus extend its service life. The substrate of the coating which is the subject of the invention comprises at least one chromium based compound selected from the group consisting of chromic acid, chromium sulphate [Cr2(SO4)2], chromium sap [KCr(SO4)2], chromium chloride [CrCl3], chromium bromide [CrBr3], chromium fluoride [CrF3], chromium (III) nitrate [CrNOs] compounds or any mixture of these in certain proportions. In the most preferred embodiment, the substrate comprises at least one of chromium (III) nitrate [CrNOs] and/or chromium sulphate [Cr2(SO4)2] compounds as chromium based compound. If preferred, the substrate comprises at least one corrosion inhibitor. In the invention, the substrate comprises at least one compound selected from a group consisting of nitrate, sulphate and/or halogen salts as corrosion inhibitor. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the substrate corrosion inhibitor; It comprises at least one compound selected from a group comprising a cobalt-based nitrate, sulfate and/or halogen salts. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the substrate comprises at least one of cobalt sulfate and/or cobalt nitrate compounds as a corrosion inhibitor. The coating of the invention comprises at least one middle layer within its structure. In a preferred embodiment, the middle layer is located in the upper neighborhood of the substrate within the coating and in contact with it. The chemical bath prepared for coating the middle layer of the coating according to the invention onto the substrate surface comprises at least one phosphorus or phosphorus-based compound and at least one corrosion inhibitor as chemical materials. In addition to the said chemical materials, water is preferably used in preparing the chemical bath for coating the middle layer onto the substrate. The middle layer within the coating of the invention comprises at least one phosphorus or phosphorus-based compound. Here, preferably the phosphorus or phosphorus-based compound provides phosphorus ions for the middle layer when dissolved in a suitable solvent, e.g. water. The middle layer contains at least one of the following compounds as phosphorus based compound; dihydrogen phosphate [H2PO4], ammonium dihydrogen phosphate [(NH4)(H2PO4)], monocalcium phosphate (Ca(H2PO4)2) or any mixture of these in certain proportions. The middle layer provides a tight bond with the lower and upper layers thanks to the strong bonding feature of the phosphate it contains. Thanks to the said strong interaction, the middle layer prevents the passage of substances that cause corrosion and contributes to increasing the anti-corrosive effect of the coating. The phosphate contained in the middle layer of the coating which is the subject of the invention is preferably fine-grained and creates a more compact structure, cutting off the interaction of the substrate with the atmosphere and contributing to minimizing the formation of rust originating from oxygen. The middle layer preferably contains at least one corrosion inhibitor. As a corrosion inhibitor in the middle layer; It contains at least one from a group comprising nitrate, sulfate and/or halogen salts or any mixture of these in certain proportions. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the middle layer contains at least one of a calcium-based nitrate, sulfate and/or halogen salts or any mixture of these in certain proportions as a corrosion inhibitor. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the middle layer contains at least one of calcium sulfate, calcium nitrate and/or cobalt nitrate compounds as a corrosion inhibitor. The coating according to the invention comprises at least one top layer. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the top layer is located in the upper neighborhood of and in contact with the middle layer comprised by the coating according to the invention. A chemical mixture containing polymeric material is prepared in order to coat the top layer of the coating according to the invention on the substrate surface. The said chemical mixture contains at least one polymeric material and/or at least one anti-corrosive additive. The top layer of the coating which is the subject of the invention is applied to the substrate materials, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, in at least one layer, preferably two layers, using the dip-spin or spraying method. Accordingly, the substrate materials are immersed in tanks containing the polymeric material-based chemical mixture contained in the top layer and after they are removed from the tanks, centrifuge is applied to ensure homogeneous distribution of the top layer on the surface of the substrate material. The top layer within the coating which is the subject of the invention comprises at least one polymeric material. The polymeric material within the top layer creates an anti-corrosive barrier for the substrate and preferably the coating components located on it, as well as providing mechanical resistance against impact and abrasion. As the top layer polymeric material; polydroxyethylmethacrylate, 2-methoxyl-1-methylethyl acetate, 1-methoxy 2-acetoxy propane, 1-methoxy 2-propyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propanol acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate, 2-acetoxy-1-methoxypropane, 2-propanol, 1-methoxy acetate, Dowanol PMA glycol ether acetate, methoxy propyl acetate, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate monomers and/or PGMEA, PGMA polymers or any mixture thereof in certain proportions. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, said upper layer comprises polymeric material obtained from 2-methoxyl-1-methylethyl acetate monomer as polymeric material. The polymeric material contained in the top layer of the coating according to the invention, if preferred, together with an anti-corrosive additive, forms a composite material. In this invention, the top layer contains the following anti-corrosive additives: trizinc bis(orthophosphate), zinc orthophosphate, trizinc phosphate, zinc phosphate, and trizinc diphosphate, or any mixture thereof in certain proportions. The polymer-based composite material, which contains the polymeric material and the anti-corrosive additive in the top layer of the coating according to the invention, provides a superior protective barrier against moisture and other gases, as well as hydrogen and oxygen. At the same time, the polymer-based composite material imparts insulating properties to the top layer, contributing to the prevention of galvanic corrosion caused by rust resulting from electron transfer between two dissimilar metals or metal alloys by inhibiting electron exchange. In another aspect, the invention relates to a method for coating the characterized coating onto substrate materials. Each layer is coated onto the substrate materials using separate technical processes. The processes employed for coating each coating onto the substrate surface are detailed below. - Coating the Substrate onto Substrate Materials In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the substrate is coated onto the substrate materials using electrolytic coating or, alternatively, electroless coating. To apply the said substrate to the substrates, a chemical bath containing the following chemical material mixture and diluent is prepared. The electroless coating method used for coating the substrate surface of the coating in question is a technique that involves coating ions obtained by autocatalytic chemical reduction without the use of electric current onto substrate surfaces made of metal, ceramic, or polymer. In the preferred embodiment, the temperature of the chemical bath prepared for the substrate is between 00 and 35 00. In order to coat the substrate onto the substrate materials, the substrate material is held in the prepared chemical bath for at least 30 seconds. The chemical bath prepared for coating the substrate of the coating in question onto the substrate surface contains at least one chromium or chromium-based compound, at least one corrosion inhibitor, and at least one electrolyte anodizing material as chemical materials. In addition to the said chemical materials, water is preferably used as a diluent in preparing the chemical bath for coating the substrate onto the substrates. The coating in question comprises at least one substrate that is in contact with the substrate material surfaces and covers at least a portion of the bottom and/or lateral surfaces of the substrate material. Said substrate contains chromium or a chromium-based compound as a main component. The substrate within the coating which is the subject of the invention contains chromium or a chromium-based compound to provide anti-rust function in order to delay rusting of the substrate and thus increase its service life. The chemical bath prepared for the substrate of the coating which is the subject of the invention preferably contains at least one chromium or a chromium-based compound. The chemical bath prepared for the substrate in the invention contains chromic acid, chromium sulfate [Cr2(SO4)2], chromium sap [KCr(SO4)2], chromium chloride [CrCl3], chromium bromide [CrBr3], chromium fluoride [CrF3], chromium (III) nitrate [CrNO3] or any mixture thereof in a certain ratio as chromium-based compounds. In the most preferred embodiment, the chemical bath prepared for the substrate contains at least one of chromium (III) nitrate [CrNOs] and/or chromium sulphate [Cr2(SO4)2] compounds as a chromium-based compound. The chemical bath prepared for coating the substrate surface of the coating which is the subject of the invention contains at least one chromium or chromium-based compound in the range of 5 to 40%, preferably 7 to 35%, more preferably 10 to 30% of the total weight of the chemical material it contains. The chemical bath prepared for the substrate, if preferred, contains at least one corrosion inhibitor. In the invention, the chemical bath prepared for the substrate contains at least one compound selected from a group including nitrate, sulphate and/or halogen salts as a corrosion inhibitor. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the chemical bath prepared for the substrate contains as a corrosion inhibitor; It contains at least one compound selected from a group comprising a cobalt-based nitrate, sulfate and/or halogen salts. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the chemical bath prepared for the substrate contains at least one of cobalt sulfate and/or cobalt nitrate compounds as a corrosion inhibitor. The chemical bath prepared for coating the substrate layer of the coating according to the invention on the substrate surface contains at least one corrosion inhibitor in the total range of chemical materials it contains. The chemical bath prepared for the substrate layer of the coating according to the invention contains at least one electrolyte anodizing material. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the chemical bath prepared for the substrate contains methanoic acid [HCOOH], ethanoic acid [CH3COOH], propanoic acid mixtures as electrolyte anodizing material. The chemical bath prepared for coating the lower layer of the coating according to the invention on the substrate surface contains 1 to 20%, preferably 2 to 15%, of the total weight of the chemical material it contains. In a most preferred embodiment, the chemical bath prepared for coating the lower layer on the substrate surface contains chromium or chromium-based compound at a value between 10 and 30% of the total weight of the chemical material it contains, electrolyte anodizing material at a value between 5 and 10%, corrosion inhibitor at a value between 2.5 and 10%. - Coating the middle layer to the substrate materials in a way that it is positioned in the upper neighborhood of the substrate The middle layer to the substrate materials is coated by electrolyte coating or alternatively by electroless coating method in a preferred embodiment of the invention. To apply the coating method in question, a chemical bath containing the chemical material mixture and diluent specified below for the middle layer is prepared, and the bath temperature is between 55°C and 80°C for a period of 15 minutes to coat the middle layer. The electroless coating method used to coat the middle layer, as well as the lower layer of the coating in question, on the substrate surface is a coating technique that uses ions obtained by autocatalytic chemical reduction without the use of electric current, onto substrate surfaces made of metal, ceramic, or polymer. The chemical bath prepared for coating the middle layer of the coating in accordance with the invention on the substrate surface contains at least one phosphorus or phosphorus-providing compound, at least one corrosion inhibitor, at least one electrolyte salt, and at least one conductive agent as chemical materials. In preparing the chemical bath for coating the middle layer onto the substrate, water is preferably used as a diluent in addition to the said chemical materials. The chemical bath prepared for the middle layer within the coating according to the invention contains at least one phosphorus or phosphorus-based compound. Preferably, the phosphorus-providing compound provides phosphorus ions for the middle layer when dissolved in a suitable solvent, such as water. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the chemical bath prepared for the middle layer contains at least one of the following phosphorus-based compounds: dihydrogen phosphate [H2PO4], ammonium dihydrogen phosphate [(NH4)(H2PO4)], monocalcium phosphate (Ca(H2PO4)2), or any mixture thereof in certain proportions. The chemical bath prepared for coating the middle layer of the coating according to the invention on the substrate surface contains at least one phosphate providing compound in the range of 5 to 75%, preferably 8 to 60%, more preferably 10 to 50% of the total weight of the chemical material it contains. The chemical bath prepared for the middle layer preferably contains at least one corrosion inhibitor. The chemical bath prepared for the middle layer contains at least one compound selected from a group consisting of nitrate, sulfate and/or halogen salts as corrosion inhibitor. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the chemical bath prepared for the middle layer contains at least one of a calcium based nitrate, sulfate and/or halogen salts or any mixture of these in certain proportions as corrosion inhibitor. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the chemical bath prepared for the middle layer contains as corrosion inhibitor; It contains at least one of calcium sulfate, calcium nitrate and/or cobalt nitrate compounds. The chemical bath prepared for coating the middle layer of the coating according to the invention on the substrate surface contains at least one corrosion inhibitor in the range of the chemical material it contains. The chemical bath prepared for the middle layer in the invention contains at least one electrolyte salt. Preferably, zinc-based compounds are used as the electrolyte salt in the chemical bath prepared for the middle layer. The chemical bath prepared for the said middle layer contains at least one of zinc nitrate, zinc chlorate, zinc sulfate, zinc phosphate, zinc molybdate, zinc chromate, zinc ricinoleate compounds or any mixture of these in certain proportions as the electrolyte salt. The chemical bath prepared for coating the middle layer of the coating according to the invention on the substrate surface contains at least one electrolyte salt in the range of 2.5% to 10% of the total weight of the chemical material it contains. The chemical bath prepared for the middle layer contains at least one conductive agent. The chemical bath prepared for the middle layer contains the following conductive agent: 3-(benzthiazoyl-2-thio)-propylsulfonic acid sodium salt, 3-mercaptopropane-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt, ethylenedithiodipropylsulfonic acid sodium salt, disulfide disodium salt, bis(w-sulfobutyl)-disulfide disodium salt, bis-(w-sulfohydroxypropyl)-disulfide disodium salt, bis(w-sulfopropyl)-disulfide disodium salt, bis-(w-sulfopropyl)-sulfide disodium salt, methyl-(w-sulfopropyl) sodium salt, methyl-(w-sulfopropyl)-trisulfide disodium salt, O-ethyl-dithiocarbonic acid-S-(w-sulfopropyl)-ester, thiophosphoric acid-O-ethyl-bis((w-sulfopropyl)-ester disodium salt, thiophosphoric acid-tri(w-sulfopropyl)-ester trisodium salt, N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamic acid (3-sulfopropyl) ester sodium salt, 3-(2-benzthiazolylthio)-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt or any mixture of these in certain proportions. The chemical bath prepared for coating the middle layer of the coating according to the invention on the substrate surface contains at least one conductive agent in the range of 2.5% to 10% of the total weight of the chemical material it contains. The chemical bath prepared for the middle layer contains a second electrolyte salt if preferred. The chemical bath prepared for the middle layer may contain as the second electrolyte salt; orthophosphoric acid, oligophosphoric acids, polyphosphoric acids, cyclo- or metaphosphoric acids, branched polyphosphates, paraphosphoric acid, thiophosphoric acid, perphosphoric acid, superphosphoric acid, hyperphosphoric acid or any mixture thereof in certain proportions. In case the middle layer of the coating according to the invention preferably contains a second electrolyte salt, the chemical bath prepared for coating the middle layer on the substrate surface contains a second electrolyte salt in the range of 2.5 to 5% of the total weight of the chemical material it contains. In a most preferred embodiment, the chemical bath prepared for coating the middle layer on the substrate surface contains phosphorus or phosphorus-based compound in the range of 10 to 50% of the total weight of the chemical material it contains, electrolyte salt in the range of 2.5 to 10% by weight, preferably a second electrolyte salt in the range of 2.5 to 5% by weight, corrosion inhibitor in the range of 10 to 25% by weight and conductive agent in the range of 2.5 to 10% - Coating the top layer to the substrate materials so that it is positioned in the upper neighborhood of the middle layer The top layer of the coating in question is applied to the substrate materials, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, in at least one layer, preferably two layers, using the dip-spin or spraying method. Accordingly, the substrate materials are immersed in tanks containing the polymeric material-based chemical mixture contained in the top layer, and after being removed from the tanks, centrifuge is applied to ensure homogeneous distribution of the top layer on the substrate material surface. The coating processes are carried out for a period of 90 to 270 minutes. Here, the temperature of the chemical mixture is between 20 00 and 45 ° C. In the next process step, the substrate material coated with the top layer is heated between 70 and 80 ° C, It is subjected to the curing process for a period of 10 to 15 minutes. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the top layer is applied to the substrate materials twice in succession. When applying the second time, the above-mentioned processes are repeated. A chemical mixture containing polymeric material is prepared to coat the top layer of the coating according to the invention on the substrate surface. The said chemical mixture contains at least one polymeric material, at least one anti-corrosive additive, and at least one diluent. The chemical mixture prepared for the top layer within the coating of the invention contains at least one polymeric material. The polymeric material contained in the chemical mixture prepared for the top layer, the matrix component, an anti-corrosive additive, and a reinforcing component, form a composite together to form an anti-corrosive barrier and also contribute to the impact and abrasion resistance of the substrate. The polymeric material within the chemical mixture prepared for the top layer As; polydroxyethylmethacrylate, 2-methoxyl-1-methylethyl acetate, 1-methoxy 2-acetoxy propane, 1-methoxy 2-propyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propanol acetate; 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate, 2-acetoxy-1-methoxypropane, 2-propanol, 1-methoxy acetate, Dowanol PMA glycol ether acetate, methoxy propyl acetate, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate monomers and PGMEA, PGMA polymers or any mixture thereof in certain proportions. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the polymeric material obtained from 2-methoxyl-1-methylethyl acetate monomer is included in the chemical mixture prepared for the upper layer. The chemical mixture prepared for coating the top layer of the coating according to the invention on the substrate surface contains polymeric material at 30% of its total weight. The chemical mixture prepared for the top layer contains at least one anti-corrosive additive. The chemical mixture prepared for the top layer contains at least one of the following compounds or any mixture of these in certain proportions; trizinc bis(orthophosphate), zinc orthophosphate, trizinc phosphate, zinc phosphate and trizinc diphosphate, Na2SO4, K2CO3, CaCO3, MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, BN, TiO2 as anti-corrosive additives. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the chemical mixture prepared for the top layer contains trizinc bis(orthophosphate) compound as anti-corrosive additive. The chemical mixture prepared for coating the top layer of the coating according to the invention on the substrate surface, The chemical mixture prepared for the top layer contains at least one diluent. The said diluent in the chemical mixture prepared for the top layer is added to determine the fluidity of the chemical mixture and to prevent premature polymerization processes. The top layer of the coating according to the invention contains at least one diluent selected from the group consisting of ethane, propane, butane, n-alkanes such as normal- and isopentane, cycloalkanes such as cyclopentane and cyclohexane, gas plant condensates (n-alkanes, naphthenes, aromatics, etc.) or any mixture of these in certain proportions, in an amount of 5% to 5% of the total weight of the chemical mixture prepared for coating the top layer on the substrate surface. The chemical mixture prepared for the top layer contains at least one second diluent if preferred. The mixture preferably contains butanol as a second diluent. The second diluent contained in the chemical mixture is also present to determine the fluidity of the chemical mixture and to prevent premature polymerization processes. The chemical mixture prepared for coating the top layer of the coating according to the invention on the substrate surface contains between 5% and 10% of its total weight of a third diluent, if preferred, within the chemical mixture prepared for the top layer. The said chemical mixture preferably contains at least one third diluent selected from the group consisting of 1-cyclohexanol, cyclohesyl alcohol, hexahydrophenol, hydroxycyclohexane, hexalin or any mixture thereof in certain proportions as the third diluent. The chemical mixture prepared for coating the top layer of the coating according to the invention on the substrate surface contains between 5% and 10% of its total weight of the third diluent. Each layer within the coating according to the invention provides the final product with technical solutions and advantages aimed at achieving the objectives of the invention mentioned above. The coating, which has this hybrid structure, exhibits high anti-corrosive effects even in aggressive corrosive environments, particularly thanks to the layers it comprises. In order to determine the anti-corrosive activity of the coating according to the invention, the anti-corrosive activity of a sample coating according to the invention, the contents of the chemical baths used in the coating of the bottom, middle, and top layers are given in Table 1, was tested in tests in accordance with DIN EN ISO 4628-5 standards. The results of the tests applied to M10 and M20 substrate materials coated with a sample coating according to the invention in accordance with DIN EN ISO 4628-5 standards are given in Table 2. where "M" indicates the outer diameter and is in millimeters. The outer diameters for the M10 and M20 substrate materials (fasteners) used in the tests are 10 and 20 millimeters, respectively. In Table 2, the column titled "ISO 4628-5 Classification" expresses the degree of rusting when the substrate material covered with the sample coating in accordance with the invention under test is exposed to the relevant corrosive substances. According to the ISO 4628-5 standard, the degree of rusting is given as 0-5 and the rating is made in a range of 0-5 according to the size of the rust detected. For example, if the rust evaluated under a microscope is zoomed in 10 times (10X) and there is no visible rust, the rust degree is classified as 0. According to Table 2; The substrate material coated with a sample coating in accordance with the invention, the contents of which are given in Table 1, was tested according to DlN EN ISO 4628-5 and was classified as 0 because no rust formation was observed. In addition, the substrate material coated with a sample coating in accordance with the invention, the contents of which are given in Table 1 for the coating of the bottom, middle and top layers, was also subjected to drop tests and it was determined that the said coating exhibited high anti-corrosive activity. Table 1 shows the contents of the chemical baths used for the coating of the bottom, middle and top layers of a sample coating within the scope of the coating in accordance with the invention. The said coating was coated on M10 and M20 substrate materials using the methods explained in detail above for the application of the bottom, middle and top layers and then tests were performed to determine the anti-corrosive activity. The contents of the bottom and middle layers, as described in Table 1, are the contents of the chemical baths used to coat the bottom and middle layers. In addition to the chemical materials, water is preferably used in the chemical bath prepared to coat the bottom and middle layers onto the substrate. However, a chemical material mixture containing polymeric material is applied as the top layer, and the entire content of this chemical material mixture is shared in Table 1. Table 1. Chemical content of the coating of the invention. Chemical Bath Content Amount by weight (%) Bottom Layer Chromium providing compound 10-30 Anodizing Material 5-10 Corrosion inhibitor 2.5-10 Water Required amount Total weight 100 Middle Layer Corrosion inhibitor 10-25 Electrolyte salt 2.5-10 Conductive agent 2.5-10 Second electrolyte salt 2.5-10 Water Required amount Total weight 100 Top Layer Polymeric material 50-70 Anti-corrosive additive 5-10 First diluent 5-10 Second diluent 5-10 Third diluent 5-10 Total weight 100 Table 2. The contents of the chemical baths used in the coating of the bottom, middle and top layers on M10 and M20 substrates are given in Table 1. The product obtained by coating the coating material according to the invention has various severe corrosion properties. Test results and qualitative evaluations in environments with DlN EN ISO 4628-5 standards. Substrate M10 M20 Evaluation Classification Evaluation Classification Ammonium Nitrate Reaction 0 Reaction 0 is not present. Urea Reaction 0 is not present. Potassium Carbonate Reaction 0 is not present. Diammonium Phosphate Reaction 0 is not present. Agricultural Lime Reaction 0 is not present. Ammonium Thiosulfate Reaction 0 is not present. Sodium Chlorate Reaction 0 is not present. Atrazine Reaction 0 is not present. No. No. No. Ammonia Reaction 0 is not present. No. In the tests performed, it was observed that the coating in accordance with the invention exhibited high anti-corrosive activity even at thin thicknesses. Accordingly, even at coating thicknesses of between 5 and 15 microns, which is preferred in the current technique, the coating in accordance with the invention can provide the high anti-corrosive activity expected of it. The scope of protection of the invention is specified in the appended claims and is by no means limited to what is explained in this detailed description for illustrative purposes. It is clear that a person skilled in the art could devise similar embodiments in light of the above without departing from the main theme of the invention.

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1.1.
TR2023/001699A 2023-02-14 2023-02-14 A COATING WITH HIGH ANTI-CORROSIVE EFFECTIVENESS AND A METHOD FOR COATING THIS COATING ON SUBSTRATES TR2023001699A2 (en)

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