TR201809372T4 - Method and related apparatus for dyeing and finishing textile material. - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for dyeing and simultaneously finishing textile material 14 with an ammonia solution 13 containing dissolved dyes.

Description

DESCRIPTION PROCEDURE FOR DYEING AND FINISHING TEXTILE MATERIAL AND RELATED DEVICE EXPLANATION FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention is used for dyeing and processing using a solution of dyes dissolved in liquid ammonia. The finishing operations relate to a method for applying and a respective device.

Fabrics, non-woven fabrics for dyeing and generally improving product qualities It is applied in fabrics, knitting and yarns.

BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION To improve the product qualities of a textile product made of cellulose fiber. A process using liquid ammonia baths in the finishing processes has been studied for a long time. and has been implemented. In this process, a fabric normally lasts between 1 and 30 seconds. and liquid at a temperature of -34°C, that is, at the temperature at which ammonia liquefies at atmospheric pressure impregnated with ammonia.

The quality of the fabrics is a crystallization of the cellulose without the ammonia harming the fiber structure. It develops due to the fact that it causes a swelling effect in the cellulose fiber with its orientation.

When the cellulose fiber is impregnated, the small liquid ammonia molecule is only applied to the amorphous regions. not only enters the crystallization zones of cellulose, it breaks hydrogen bonds, thus fiber completely inflated. In the next evaporation stage, new hydrogen bonds are formed. Upon its creation, the initially type I cellulose is converted to type III cellulose at a certain rate. In particular, the conversion of cellulose from type P to type III increased impregnation in liquid ammonia. increases in proportion to its duration.

The main benefits of this finishing process to cellulose fabrics are as follows: . silky shine; o increase in mechanical resistance; . great improvement in wash and wear features; . advanced view; . the fabric looks "new" even after repeated washing; . softness; . increased susceptibility to dyes; o uniform staining.

In the textile industry, liquid ammonia can be used and recycled without any problems. shown. On the other hand, environmental protection regulations are becoming more and more stringent. and to consider using liquid ammonia as a solvent in these dyeing processes as well. it's a good reason.

Most dyes used to dye textiles in an aquatic environment are soluble in liquid ammonia. and therefore the method can be used to dye many categories of fibers.

The dyeing method with dyes dissolved in liquid ammonia depends on the water quality, its consumption and It has the advantage of eliminating all the problems associated with its subsequent purification. Method wetting agents, electrolytes, softeners, carriers, retardants and stabilizers It also eliminates many auxiliary and chemical products such as

US 3 824 076 describes a dyeing method, where in the laboratory very small References are made to the experiments on fabric samples. Textile material in this document with an ammonia solution consisting essentially of liquid ammonia, dyes, caustic soda, and water. it is painted. Dyeing recipes described in the document small fabric or knitting samples may be valid for experiments on, but for dyeing large quantities of textile cannot be applied industrially.

This means that fabrics treated in industrial applications are often homogeneous. undistributed moisture and irregular shrinkage may occur in various parts of the textile. so that the resulting colors will not be uniform and the dyes will not be sufficiently fibrous. will not be fixed.

The object of this invention is an industrial method and counterpart for dyeing textile materials. is to obtain a device that comes with an ammonia solution containing dye dyes. makes; The method reaps the benefits of fixation guaranteed by liquid ammonia. It combines dyes, auxiliaries, water and steam with great savings.

the applicant to overcome the shortcomings of the technique and to pursue these and other purposes and designed, tested and edited this invention to achieve the advantages.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This invention is described and described in the independent Claims, while dependent Claims are explains other attributes or changes in the main idea that is inventive.

According to the present invention, the textile material is treated with an ammonia solution containing dissolved dyes. The method for dyeing and simultaneous finishing offers the following steps: o preparing the ammonia solution containing the dyes and sending the material to a machine for processing; advantageously, ammonia The stage of preparing the solution is the total solution of the solution containing liquid ammonia and water. It also includes controlling the water ratio relative to its weight; . processing the water ratio in the textile material in question adjustment to dry weight before entering the machine; o entry of textile material into the machine through the safety seals; o impregnate the textile material with ammonia solution for at least a few seconds, the textile material is mechanically bound to prevent undesired shrinkage; 0 is an adjustable setting of approximately 80% - 100% relative to the dry weight of the textile material. to remove excess ammonia solution still mechanically bound squeezing out of retained textile material; . textiles in the processing machine where ammonia is still mechanically attached. completely evaporated from the material; . processing of dyed and dried textile material by means of safety seals exit from the machine.

In one form of the embodiment, when the textile material exits the processing machine, a steam is generated. subjected to the cycle.

If done, the steaming dyes are saturated to fix them completely on the textile fiber. or at atmospheric pressure in a pad steam booster with superheated water vapor or can be done at high pressure.

In one form of the arrangement, the fiber exits from the textile material processing machine. a solution with water and possibly soaping to remove the minimum amount of unfixed dyes. According to one variant, a solution of ammonia with dyes, eg sodium hydrate, potassium hydrate or a selected amount of caustic hydrate from lithium hydrate.

According to another variant, the ammonia solution with dyes also contains some sodium carbonate.

According to another variant, the ammonia solution with dyes also contains some distilled water.

In one form of the embodiment, the ammonia solution, which is advantageously always kept cold, is a It is prepared separately from the processing machine in one or more tanks.

By the method described above, therefore all cellulose fibers (cotton, linen, hemp, jute, ramie and others), a blend of said fiber, a blend of said fiber with synthetic fiber blend, man-made fibers (viscose, polynosic, modal, acetate, triacetate, cupro and others), a mixture of man-made fiber, a mixture of man-made fiber with cellulose fiber, a mixture of man-made fiber a blend of synthetic fibers, animal origin (wool, cashmere, mohair, angora, goat clay, silk and others) fiber and a mixture of fiber of animal origin with those mentioned above in liquid simultaneous dyeing and finishing with selected dyes dissolved in ammonia possible.

Some synthetic fibers, such as polyamides, can also be dyed using the invention.

The operation is at atmospheric pressure or at an adjustable pressure lower than atmospheric pressure. or continuously with the medium held at an adjustable pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure. or intermittently.

The dyes used are reactive dyes, direct dyes, dispersed dyes and less sulfur dyes, acid dyes, metallized acid dyes and if previously reduced boat paints can be selected from the class.

The dyes used can be in powder form or in liquid form already dissolved in water.

It is known to be 13% in viscose, 9% in acetate and 7% in triacetate.

Moisture depends on the origin of the yarn, the number of threads, the weight and type of the product and other may vary depending on the parameters.

Moisture between the center and sides of the fabric or between the beginning and the end of the same piece it can also change. Moisture may also be distributed non-uniformly in the fabric.

If the same lift with the same weight and morphology work, but with different humidity if cotton fabrics are impregnated with dyes dissolved in liquid ammonia, then this The fabrics will have different color intensities after dyeing and drying.

The ammonia molecule entering the cellulose fiber causes the fiber to fog and therefore shorten. For example, 120 g/m2, combed yarns Ne 80, not mechanically bonded, a cotton impregnated with liquid ammonia with a 150% lift relative to its dry weight almost total shrinkage of the fabric (about 10% in the warp direction and in the weft direction Mechanically unbound impregnation with 100% lift relative to its dry weight Almost total shrinkage of the same product is less than 6 seconds.

Mechanically unbound impregnation with a lift of 60% relative to its dry weight Almost total shrinkage of the same product is less than 12 seconds.

If a fabric fluid with a seated lift and not mechanically connected If impregnated with dyes dissolved in ainonia, the dyed fabric after drying different intensities of color between the center and edges of the product, or between the beginning and the end may be, this phenomenon is caused by non-homogeneous shrinkage at various points of the fabric. due to uneven thickening of the material.

In the method according to this invention, the moisture is uniformly adjusted throughout the textile material and dispersed, because during the dyeing phase, with any change in its content, in liquid ammonia the concentration of dissolved dyes will change directly in the fiber, thus making the textile different regions will have a different corresponding color intensity.

Therefore, according to the invention, before being impregnated with ammonia solution, the textile material homogeneously dispersed, with a predetermined humidity Using a dryer located opposite the textile dyeing machine or alternatively, it can be dried using a stenter. A humidity detector monitors The rate of water to be left in the textile material is adjustable and may vary from product to product.

In general, approximately 4% to dry weight of cellulose fiber and animal origin fiber. Dry from a cellulose textile material that contains a lot of water or does not distribute water uniformly. Water extraction is fast and relatively easy to obtain a residual moisture content of 4%-5% relative to its weight. is a simple islein; on the contrary, the final water content still present at the heart of the textile fiber Evaporation is a time-consuming process.

Therefore, for the purposes of the present invention, it is appropriate to stop at the above-mentioned ratio, this moisture It is uniformly distributed throughout the fabric or knit. In the case of synthetic fibers, now humidity will again be approximately 0.5% - 1% relative to the dry weight of the textile material.

As mentioned, in an advantageous solution, the ammonia dyeing solution is fed to the processing machine. may be prepared in one or more serving tanks; if operating at atmospheric pressure the temperature of the solution is always low, around the liquefaction temperature of - 30°C/- 36°Cl, in the machine should be kept ready to be fed to the area where the textile is impregnated.

Depending on the dyes, the ammonia dyeing solution may contain: o essentially liquid ammonia; . Containing a certain proportion of powder dyes or dyes dissolved in ammonia in g/liter some water solution in cc/liter; . possibly minimal distilled water; of the dyes to dissolve in grams/liter In the case of dark colors where it is necessary to increase the weight, some powder coatings are only liquid. There may be problems with dissolution in ammonia and therefore powder dyes are soluble. To make it, a certain amount of water must be added; water content containing liquid ammonia and water variable from 3% to 10% relative to the total weight of the solution; . probably relative to the sum of 50 Baume-density caustic hydrate solution may be hydrate or lithium hydrate; . possibly a minimal amount of sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate.

Reaction of liquid ainonia with cellulose lith, conversion from type I cellulose to type [II cellulose] total water, i.e. moisture in the fiber and ammonia dyeing according to this invention, so as not to hinder water in solution (possibly distilled water added to solution, water in possible dye, and caustic water in the hydrate) relative to the total weight of the solution containing liquid ammonia and water. The value monitored during is as a function of fiber and dyes to dissolve in solution. has been selected. The proportion of water in the solution can be monitored, for example, by an electronic densimeter; At atmospheric pressure, for example, 1 liter of water weighs 1 kilogram, and 1 liter of liquid ammonia is 0.682. kilograms.

In an alternative solution, the textile material is caustic before dyeing with the ammonia solution. treated with a water solution containing hydrate and possibly carbonate, then before drying, in a pre-set ratio containing the above-mentioned salts in the textile moisture leaves.

To increase the dyeing efficiency and improve the qualities of the cellulose fiber, caustic hydrate The rate can be increased by approximately 5%-10% of the total solution at 50 Baume.

In fact, the mercerization in cellulose fiber compared to treatment with liquid ammonia alone A product containing selected dyes and caustic hydrate by increasing the ratio in order to increase its effect. If a woolen product has been treated with ammonia solution as described above, optimum fixation of the entire fiber is achieved.

Numerous advantages are obtained with this invention, such as: 0 cellulose fibers are finished; . uniform dyeing on the surface and depth of the fiber; o pyril pyryl color; . very high dyeing efficiency; in the case of reactive dyes, only cellulose they react with hydroxyls, but painting done in an aquatic environment they do not react with water hydroxyls as in the case of . very high color uniformity; . Almost all chemical auxiliary substances found in dyeing in the aquatic environment disappearance; . almost complete disappearance of water; o great savings in heat energy; o no undesired shrinkage of the textile material; o dyeing ammonia can be recycled and reused continuously It is made with almost zero contamination. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS An example of this invention is now detailed in a form of its embodiment shown in the accompanying drawing. will be cited. In particular, Figure 1 shows a dyeing and finishing device for textiles according to the present invention. shows it semantically.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A FORM OF REGULATION An example of the invention will now be given by showing, this should not be seen as limiting. For example, attributes shown or described are part of a form of editing. can be adapted or edited together with other forms of regulation. can be used to produce another form. All such modifications of this invention and It is understood that it should include variants.

A dyeing and finishing device for a textile product is generally described in the accompanying drawing and shown in its entirety by reference numeral 10.

The dyeing and finishing device is then dissolved in liquid ammonia, indicated by 13. It includes a processing machine (1 l) with a vat (12) containing a solution of dyes.

Ready to be painted by immersion in paint and liquid ammonia solution, at predetermined humidity a prepared textile material (14) to the embroidery machine by means of safety seals (15). (1 l) is fed.

Before being fed, the textile material 14 is swept by two heated rollers 16a and 16b. dried and then cooled by a chilled cylinder (17), this textile It lowers the temperature of the material.

At the exit from the cooled cylinder (17), the moisture content of the textile material (14) is still a moisture content. monitored by its detector (18); in the case of cellulose fiber or fiber of animal origin, The residual moisture is kept at 4%-5% advantageously relative to the dry weight of the textile.

For a different type of fiber and/or according to the processing conditions, it is no longer It is understood that the moisture value may differ from the above mentioned.

The textile material (14) is put into the vessel to be impregnated with dye and liquid ammonia solution. (12) is taken later to be immersed.

During the immersion and impregnation stage and through the processing machine (11) a first one located in the embroidery machine (l 1) close to the textile material (14) inlet. tensioner roller (19) and a second tensioner located in the processing machine (l 1) close to its exit It is mechanically connected between the roller (23).

The textile material 14 between the rollers 19 and 23 therefore does not have the desired stretch. is kept under tension.

In the case shown here, a second roller (20) is applied to a solution of paint and liquid ammonia. it is partially submerged and determines the path of the textile material (14) inside the vessel (12); and a motorized third roller (21) located at the exit from the boat (12) with a pinch roller (22) to first remove the textile material (14). makes cooperation.

During the impregnation stage, the small ammonia molecule is formed by the amorphous regions of cellulose and it quickly penetrates into the crystallization zones, carrying with it dye and hydrate; on the lift Swelling of the fiber due to the moisture still present makes entry even easier. textile material (14) is mechanically connected and in an adjustable tension between the rollers (19 and 23). impregnation is in the boat (12) in a time usually about 2-3 seconds. it happens.

As homogeneously dispersed in the fiber relative to the dry weight of the textile material (14) an adjustable removal of approximately 80%-100% of the ammonia solution (13) to be left The product coming out of the impregnation tub (12) is immediately washed by the rollers (21 and 22) between. Approximately 80% -100.13% of the ammonia solution to be left uniformly dispersed is an adjustable To prevent the deformation of the swollen and plastic fiber during squeezing. is an optimum value for

In the solution shown here, the textile material (14) is only present in the fiber as it exits the squeezing unit. dye, caustic hydrate, and all the ammonia present to release the minimum amount of water subjected to an evaporative drying cycle.

Fully evaporation of the ammonia will cause the textile material (14) to be completely evaporated. temperature and successively a series of heated, advantageously all contacting obtained by direct contact with the surface of the cylinder (24).

In addition to this stage, the water ratio in the fiber during the ammonia evaporation stage is also determined. heated to a temperature of about 100°C so that the dyes deposited on the textile material (14) chemically prefixed or fixed to the fiber.

In fact, the fixation of reactive dyes to cellulose fiber in the presence of hydrate is in the fiber. increase in the temperature of the water contained and the temperature of the dyes and fiber thanks.

Ammonia gases and possible water vapors from the dryer by the multiple suction units (25) a pre-condensation to be condensed to the liquid state by a refrigeration unit afterwards. can be transferred to the capacitor.

In a preferred solution, the ammonia gases then return to the liquid state in a known manner. can be condensed, the liquid ammonia obtained in this way is ready for another use. will be.

After the drying phase, dry and dyed textile material (14) safety seals It is removed from the embroidery machine via (l 15).

The working pressure in the processing machine (11) is to prevent ammonia leaks into the workplace. preferably kept in a slightly compressed state; in variant solutions, the pressure is at atmospheric pressure or higher than atmospheric pressure in the case of an intermittent machine kept completely closed It can also be kept at adjustable pressure.

To guarantee or complete the fixation of the dyes to the fiber, from the processing machine After coming off, the textile material (14) is in the solution shown in a steamer (26) may be subjected to a steaming cycle.

Steamer (26) pad steam type with saturated steam or superheated steam it could be.

The evaporation cycle is at atmospheric pressure or possibly under pressure conditions. sustainable for a while.

In an alternative dyeing process, after leaving the drying zone of the processing machine (11) Then the dyed textile material (14) is a water containing caustic hydrate and possibly carbonate. It is impregnated with the solution and then in the steamer where the dyes are fixed to the fiber. evaporates.

At the end of steaming, a low percentage of dye that is not fixed to the fiber is washed in a washing machine. (27) is preferably removed with a wash cycle, in which case hot water and possibly includes a first washing machine 28 with soaping, then a second washing machine in the machine (29) followed by the last wash.

Even in the case of cellulose fibers dyed with reactive dyes, the washing time is short and water consumption is very limited, since the rate of unfixed dye to the fiber is minimal.

Dyeing of threads with dyes with an ammonia solution is from bobbin to bobbin, i.e. processing located at the exit of the needle embroidery machine (l 1), which unwinds the textile located at the entrance to the machine (1 l). the area should be made of needles that dissolve dyed textiles; that is, the threads are held side by side and suitable It is wound around sized bobbins.

Part without deviating from the scope and scope of this invention to the method and apparatus as described herein. It is clear that modifications and/or additions can be made.

Claims (10)

REQUESTS 1. A method for dyeing and simultaneously finishing the textile material (14) with an ammonia solution (13) containing dissolved dyes, characterized in that the method includes the following steps: - preparing the ammonia solution (13) containing the dyes and adding said ammonia solution (13) to the textile sending the material (14) to a machine (11) for processing, the machine having an impregnation vessel (12) of said material; - adjusting the water content in the textile material (14) according to the dry weight of the textile material before the said textile material (14) enters the processing machine (11), so that the amount of water in the said ammonia solution (13) added to the amount of water contained in the textile fiber is liquid ammonia and a maximum of 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the water-containing solution; - the entry of the textile material (14) into the embroidery machine (l 1) through the safety seals (15); - impregnating the textile material (14) with ammonia solution (13) containing dyes for at least a few seconds, the textile material (14) being mechanically bound between at least one inlet tensioner (19) and one outlet tensioner (23); - squeezing out excess ammonia from the still mechanically attached textile material (14) to achieve adjustable lift of approximately 80% - 100% based on the dry weight of the textile material (`14); - evaporation of ammonia from the textile material (14) in the processing machine (11); - the exit of the dyed and dried textile material (14) from the embroidery machine (11) through the safety seals (115), through the safety seals (115). 2. It is the method as in the claim, characterized in that the textile material (14) is exposed to a steaming cycle in order to fix the dye to the fiber when it exits the embroidery machine (II). 3. The method as in claim 2, characterized in that said steaming can occur with saturated or superheated water vapor at atmospheric pressure or at high pressure. 4. The method as in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dyeing and finishing cycle is carried out continuously or intermittently. Method as in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the textile material (14) is subjected to a washing cycle with water and possibly soaping in order to remove the minimum amount of dye that is not fixed to the fiber, at the exit from the processing machine (11). Method as in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ammonia solution (13) with dyes also contains an amount of caustic hydrate selected from, for example, sodium hydrate, potassium hydrate or lithium hydrate. A method as in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ammonia solution (13) with dyes also contains some sodium carbonate or soda or potassium bicarbonate. A method as in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ammonia solution (13) with dyes also contains some distilled water. 9. Apparatus for dyeing and simultaneously finishing textile material (14) with an ammonia solution (13) containing dissolved dyes, characterized in that the device contains: - a processing machine comprising at least one vessel (12) containing ammonia solution (13) with dyes (11th); - in the textile material (14) located outside the processing machine (11) and upstream, the total amount of water in the said ammonia solution (13) and the amount of water in the textile fiber can be adjusted to a maximum of 20% by weight according to the total weight of the entire solution. ) means (18) for adjusting the contained water content to its dry weight; - tensioning means (19, 23) cooperating with the inlet and outlet of the processing machine (11), respectively, in order to keep the textile material (14) at adjustable tension during the impregnation stage with ammonia solution (13) and on its subsequent entry into the embroidery machine (11); - means for squeezing out excess ammonia from the textile material (14) located at least downstream of the impregnation vessel (12), in order to achieve an adjustable lift of about 80-100% relative to the dry weight of the textile material ([4); - 5 means for evaporating ammonia from the textile material (14) located in the processing machine (1 1), such as cylinders heated to a preset temperature. 10. Device as in claim 9, characterized in that the device also includes at least one steaming machine (26) and/or washing machine (27) located in the flow direction of said processing machine (11).