TR201618096T1

TR201618096T1 - THERMODYNAMIC POWER CYCLE METHOD AND APPLICATION SYSTEM

Info

Publication number: TR201618096T1
Application number: TR2016/18096T
Authority: TR
Inventors: Terzi̇akin Mehmet
Original assignee: Enera Enerji Teknolojileri Mueh Ve San Ltd Sti
Priority date: 2013-06-25
Filing date: 2014-06-23
Publication date: 2018-06-21
Also published as: WO2014209247A1

Abstract

Gaz dolaşımlı bir güç çevriminde gazı sıkıştırma ve genleştirme arasında dolaşım dışına alıp yeterli sürede ısıtan basıncı arttıktan sonra çevrime döndürüp genleştiren bir sistem tanımlanmıştır. Burada üç adet gaz aktarma haznesi (6,7,8) bir adet ısıtma haznesinden (4) oluşan bir ısıtma sistemi kullanılmaktadır. Yeterli miktarda gaz kütlesi, ısıtma süresi ve ısıtma yüzeyi sağlanmakta gaz piston hareket süresinden bağımsız olarak ayrı hacimde ısıtılıp, basıncı arttırabilmektedir. Sonra çevrime dönmekte, genleştirilerek güç elde edilmektedir. Genleştirilen gaz girişi ve çıkışı açık bir soğutma dolaşımında sabit basınçta soğutularak tekrar aktarma haznelerine dönmektedir. Böylece ısıtma ve soğutma işlemleri süre kısıtlamalarından kurtulmakta, büyük basınç farkları ve verim sağlanabilmektedir.A system has been described that extends the gas between the compression and expansion in a recirculating power cycle, which increases the pressure that takes it out of circulation and heats it in sufficient time, then turns it into a cycle. A heating system comprising three gas transfer chambers (6,7,8) and a heating chamber (4) is used. Sufficient gas mass, heating time and heating surface are provided, the gas can be heated in separate volume regardless of piston piston travel time and increase the pressure. Then it returns to the cycle, expanding to obtain power. The expanded gas inlet and outlet are cooled to constant pressure in an open cooling circuit and return to the transfer chambers. Thus, heating and cooling processes are avoided from time constraints, and large pressure differences and efficiency can be achieved.

Description

TARIFNAME TERMODINAMIK GÜÇ ÇEVRIM YÖNTEMI VE UYGULAMA SISTEMI Bulus isi enerjisinden mekanik enerji elde etmek için çevrimde çalisan akiskan olarak gaz kullanan yeni bir termodinamik güç çevrimi ve bunun uygulandigi sistem konusundadir. DESCRIPTION THERMODYNAMIC POWER CYCLE METHOD AND APPLICATION SYSTEM In order to obtain mechanical energy from the heat energy of the invention, gas as a working fluid in the cycle It is about a new thermodynamic power cycle using a new thermodynamic power cycle and the system in which it is applied.

TEKNIGIN BILINEN DURUMU: Teorik olarak isi enerjisini en yüksek verimle mekanik enerjiye çeviren çevrimler tersinir sicak gaz çevrimleridir. Bunlara Carnot ve Stirling çevrimleri örnek olarak verilebilir. Bu konunun teorisi oldukça eski tarihlere dayanir. Örnegin Stirling çevrimi 1816 da icat edilmistir. Camot ve Stirling çevrimlerinde alinabilecek teorik verim soguk ve sicak isi kaynaklarinin sicakliginin bir fonksiyonudur. W = is, Ql sicak isi kaynagindan alinan isi, TZ sicak isi kaynagi sicakligi, Tl isinin atildigi soguk ortam veya teknik tabir ile soguk kuyu sicakligi olmak üzere asagidaki formül bir termodinamik güç çevriminde alinacak azami teorik verimi ifade eder.KNOWN STATUS OF THE TECHNIQUE: Theoretically, cycles that convert heat energy into mechanical energy with the highest efficiency are reversible. hot gas cycles. Examples of these are the Carnot and Stirling cycles. This The theory of the subject dates back to very ancient times. For example, the Stirling cycle was invented in 1816. has been made. Theoretical efficiency that can be obtained in Camot and Stirling cycles is cold and hot heat. is a function of the temperature of the sources. W = work, Ql is the heat taken from the heat source, TZ is the temperature of the hot heat source, the cold environment where the Tl heat is thrown or, in technical terms, the cold the following formula, being the well temperature, will be taken in a thermodynamic power cycle represents the maximum theoretical efficiency.

Verim = W/Ql = 1 - T2/T1 Stirling çevrimi prensip olarak 4 termodinamik islemden olusur. Islem adimlari: l- Piston silindir takiminda gazin izotermal sikistirma islemi. 2- Sabit hacimde gazin isitilmasi 3- Izoterrnal genlesme. 4- Gazin sabit hacimde sogutulmasi ve baslangiç sartlarina dönülmesi. Yield = W/Ql = 1 - T2/T1 In principle, the Stirling cycle consists of 4 thermodynamic processes. Operation steps: l- Piston Isothermal compression process of gas in cylinder assembly. 2- Heating a fixed volume of gas 3- Isothernal expansion. 4- Cooling the gas at a constant volume and complying with the initial conditions return.

Bu teorik adimlari uygulamada gerçeklestirmek için birçok silindir, piston, isi degistirici, reküperatör kombinasyonlari kullanilmistir. Yukarida tanimlanan çevrim adimlarinin gerçeklestirilecegi alfa, beta ve gamma adi verilen kombinasyonlar tasarlanmistir. Yaklasik 200 yildir teoride en yüksek verimi saglayan bu çevrimin uygulamada verimli bir motor haline getirilmesi konusunda çalisilmaktadir. Son yillarda yogunlastirilmis günes isigi ile saglanan isiyi mekanik enerjiye çevirme alaninda kullanilmak amaci ile Stirling motorlari tekrar ilgi odagi haline gelmistir. To realize these theoretical steps in practice, many cylinders, pistons, heat exchangers, recuperator combinations were used. The cycle steps described above Combinations called alpha, beta and gamma are designed. Approximately This cycle, which has been providing the highest efficiency in theory for 200 years, is an efficient engine in practice. is being worked on. With intensified sunlight in recent years Stirling engines to be used in the field of converting the provided heat into mechanical energy has once again become the center of attention.

Gerçek uygulamalarda ise alinan deneysel sonuçlar ve teoride alinmasi hesaplanan degerler arasinda uçurum denebilecek farklar bulunmaktadir. Burada temel sorun gazin isitilmasi için sabit bir hacimde yeterli bir süre tutulmasi gerekliligidir. Gaz bu sirada yeterli bir isi geçis yüzey alanina, yeterli bir süre boyunca temas etmelidir. Sicak cidarlar ile gaz arasinda uygun bir sicaklik farki bulunmalidir. Bu sekilde sicak isi degistirici yüzeyinden gaza etkin bir isi geçisi saglanmis olur. Gaz hacmi sabit tutulurken isitildiginda basinci da mutlak sicaklik ile orantili olarak artar. Bilindigi üzere gaz dolasimli güç çevrimlerinde gaz genlestirilerek güç elde edilir. Bu nedenle isitma sirasinda hacmin sabit tutulmasi ve gaz kütlesin sicakliginin isi kaynagi sicakligina yakin sicakliga kadar isitilmasi verimli bir sicak gaz çevriminin gerçeklestirilebilmesi için kritik önemdedir. Simdiye kadar bu tip çevrimlerin basarilin olamainasinin teoride kalmasinin nedeni de bu sorunun çözülememis olmasidir. Experimental results in real applications and values calculated in theory there are differences that can be called a chasm between them. The main problem here is to heat the gas. It is necessary to keep it at a constant volume for a sufficient period of time. At this time, the gas provides a sufficient heat transfer. surface area for a sufficient period of time. Between the hot walls and the gas There must be a suitable temperature difference. In this way, the hot heat exchanger from the surface to the gas effectively a heat transfer is achieved. When the gas is heated while keeping the volume constant, its pressure is also absolute. increases proportionally with the temperature. As it is known, in gas circulation power cycles, gas power is obtained by expanding. For this reason, keeping the volume constant during heating and gas heating the mass of the mass to a temperature close to the heat source temperature is an efficient hot It is critical for the realization of the gas cycle. So far this type The reason why the success of the cycles remains in theory is that this problem has not been solved. is that.

Simdiye kadar yapilan Stirling motorlarinda gazin isitilmasi sikistirma silindirinden genlestirme silindirine geçerken akis yolu üzerinde isitilma seklinde gerçeklestirilmeye çalisilmistir. Sogutuma sirasinda da gaz ayni yoldan ters yönde geçer. Gazin isitilmasi için kullanilacak zaman tamamen pistonun silindir içindeki hareket periyoduna bagimlidir. Bu bagimlilik gazin sabit hacimde tutularak etkin sekilde isitilinasini zor veya imkansiz hale getirrnektedir. Örnegin 3000 devir/dakika ortalama bir motor için siradan bir devir sayisidir.In the Stirling engines made so far, the heating of the gas is obtained from the compression cylinder. It is carried out as heating on the flow path while passing to the expansion cylinder. has been studied. During cooling, the gas passes through the same path in the opposite direction. For heating gas The time to be used is completely dependent on the movement period of the piston in the cylinder. This dependence makes it difficult or impossible for the gas to be heated effectively by keeping it at a constant volume. is bringing. For example, 3000 rpm is an ordinary speed for an average engine.

Bu milisaniyeler içinde bütün termodinamik çevrim adimlarinin tamamlanmasi anlamina gelmektedir. Motorun küçük ve isitilacak gaz kütlesinin de çok az oldugu durumlarda bu kismen saglanabilmektedir. Bu uygulamada ancak minyatür boyda deney motorlarinda ve oldukça verimsiz bir sekilde yapilabilmektedir. Motor hacmi ve gaz miktari arttikça bu gazi isitmak ve sogutmak için gereken zaman artmakta ve motor devri büyük ölçüde düsmektedir. Bu da motor boyutlarini arttirmakta maliyet artmakta ve ekonomik olarak yapilmasi zorlasmaktadir. Yüksek güçteki bir motor çok büyük, agir ve pahali bir hale gelmektedir. Bu nedenle uygulamada Stirling motorlari daha çok minyatür boyda yapilabilmektedir. This means that all thermodynamic cycle steps are completed within milliseconds. is coming. In cases where the engine is small and the gas mass to be heated is very small, this can be partially provided. In this application, only in miniature size test engines and can be done in a rather inefficient way. As the volume of the engine and the amount of gas increase, this gas The time required for heating and cooling is increased and the engine speed is greatly reduced. is falling. This increases the size of the engine, increases the cost and economically it is difficult to do. A high-powered engine becomes too big, heavy, and expensive. is coming. Therefore, in practice, Stirling engines are mostly miniature sizes. can be done.

Karlsruhe Universitesi Motorlar Enstitüsünün bir makalesinde - Investigation of concepts for high power Stirling engines - sayfa 3 konu ana hatlari ile asagidaki sekilde özetlenmektedir. gerektirmektedir. Buna ragmen gerçekte bu prosesin bu sekilde mükemmel uygulanmasi mümkün olmamaktadir. Birçok durumda bir dizi sapma kabullenilmek zorundadir ve bunlar hem verimi hem de özgül gücü düsürmektedir.In an article from the University of Karlsruhe Engines Institute - Investigation of concepts for high power Stirling engines - page 3 with topic outline as below summarized. requires. However, in reality this process is perfectly executed in this way. not possible. In many cases a number of deviations have to be accepted and these It reduces both efficiency and specific power.

Pratikte mümkün olmayan duraklamali çalisma yerine sürekli çalismadan kaynaklanan en öneinli fark hacmin degismesi ( krank mili ile tahrik gibi nedenlerle) ve isi transferi için is hacmi cidarlari yerine harici isiticilar ve sogutucular isi degistiriciler kullanilmasidir. Ikinci modifikasyon asagi yukari hareketli pistonlu motorlarda isi transferi için yeterli yüzey ve zaman olmamasi nedeni ile gereklidir. Sonuç olarak bu motor silindirlerinde izotermal degil de adyabatik proseslerin gerçeklesmesine neden olur”....”Netice olarak bu sapmalar ideal prosesten çok farkli bir prosesi ortaya çikarir” Yukaridaki tanimlama Stirling motorunun temel sorunlarini özetlemektedir. Bu ifadeler bilinen Stirling motoru tasarimlari dikkate alinarak yapilmistir. Aslinda gereken motorun isitma ve sogutma sirasinda durmasi degildir. Gereken gazin isitma ve sogutma için yeterli bir süre sabit hacimli bir haznede tutulmasi ve gerçekten özgül hacmi sabit tutularak isi kaynagi sicakligina yakin sicakliga getirilmesidir. Diger taraftan gerçek bir motorda sikistirma ve genlestirrne islemlerinin izotermal- sabit sicaklikta- gerçeklesmesini beklemek gerçekçi bir beklenti de degildir. The most common result from continuous work instead of paused work, which is not possible in practice. The important difference is that the volume changes (for reasons such as crankshaft drive) and heat transfer. The use of external heaters and heat exchangers instead of volume walls. Second modification, sufficient surface for heat transfer in reciprocating engines and necessary due to lack of time. As a result, this engine is not isothermal in its cylinders. also causes adiabatic processes to take place”....” As a result, these deviations are ideal reveals a very different process from the process” The above description summarizes the main problems of the Stirling engine. These expressions It is made taking into account the known Stirling engine designs. In fact, the engine not stopping during heating and cooling. Sufficient gas required for heating and cooling It is kept in a constant volume chamber for a while and the specific volume is kept constant. is to bring it to a temperature close to the source temperature. On the other hand, in a real engine waiting for the compression and expansion processes to take place at isothermal-constant temperature- It's not a realistic expectation either.

Teoride yüksek bir verim saglama kapasitesi olan fakat basarili uygulamalari olmayan baska bir güç çevrimi de Lenoir çevrimidir. 1860 da Lenoir tarafindan patendi alinmistir. Bu bir içten yanmali güç çevrimi olarak ortaya çikmis ve uygulanmistir. Lenoir çevriminin ilk ticari üretim içten yanmali motor olarak yapildigi düsünülmektedir. Bu çevrim teorik olarak Stirling çevriininden daha basittir. Içten yanmali motor uygulamalarinda sikistirma orani arttikça verimin de arttigi bilinmektedir. Lenoir çevrimi sikistirma olmadan çalismaktadir.There are no other systems that have a high yielding capacity in theory but have not had successful applications. Another power cycle is the Lenoir cycle. It was patented by Lenoir in 1860. This is a emerged and applied as an internal combustion power cycle. The first of the Lenoir cycle It is thought to be made as a commercially produced internal combustion engine. This cycle is theoretically It is simpler than the Stirling cycle. Compression ratio in internal combustion engine applications It is known that the higher the yield, the higher the yield. The Lenoir cycle works without compression.

Lenoir çevrimi bir içten yanmali motor olarak daha sonra ortaya çikan otto ve diesel çevrimleri ile rekabet edememistir. Otto ve Diesel çevrimleri sikistirmali çevrimler oldugundan içten yanmali motorlar olarak Lenoir çevriminden daha yüksek verimler saglamaktadir. Ilk uygulamalarinin 19. yüzyilin sonlarinda yapildigi 20. yüzyil baslarinda da üretildigi fakat daha sonra tamamen terk edildigi bilinmektedir. Lenoir çevrimi üç termodinamik islem adiminin tekrarlanmasi ile gerçeklestirilir. Sikistirma islemi yoktur. Otto and diesel, whose Lenoir cycle emerged later as an internal combustion engine could not compete with its cycles. Otto and Diesel cycles compressed cycles higher efficiencies than the Lenoir cycle as internal combustion engines it provides. It was also used in the early 20th century, when its first applications were made at the end of the 19th century. It is known that it was produced but later completely abandoned. Lenoir cycle three carried out by repeating the thermodynamic process step. There is no compression process.

Islem adimlari söyledir: 1) Gazin sabit hacimde tutularak isitilmasi bu sekilde basincinin mutlak sicaklik ile orantili olarak arttirilmasi. 2) Izantropik genlesme ile bu gazin isitma öncesi basinca getirilmesi. 3) Sabit hacimde sogutma ile ilk hale birinci adim baslangicindaki hale dönülmesi. The operation steps are as follows: 1) Heating the gas by keeping it at a constant volume, in this way its pressure is proportional to the absolute temperature. increase as. 2) Bringing this gas to preheating pressure by isentropic expansion. 3) Returning to the initial state at the beginning of the first step with constant volume cooling.

Bu çevriinin distan yanmali bir kapali çevrim olarak uygulanmasi halinde Stirling çevrimindeki sorun burada da aynen ortaya çikmaktadir. Bu sorun da yukarida ifade edildigi üzere sürekli dolasan bir gaz nasil olup da bir haznede tutulur ve sabit bir hacim ve yeterli süre saglanarak etkin sekilde isitilabilir sorunudur. Bilinen stirling motoru mantigi ile gazi isitma için harcanacak zaman arttirildigi takdirde motorda 0 sirada genlesmenin durmasi gerektigi var sayilmaktadir. Bu da motorun toplam gücünü düsürmekte büyük agir pahali bir motor küçük güçler verebilmektedir. Bu da ekonomik bir çalisma ihtimalini ortadan kaldirmaktadir. If this cycle is applied as an external combustion closed cycle, the Stirling The same problem arises here as well. This problem was also stated above. How is a continuously circulating gas kept in a chamber and has a constant volume and The problem is that it can be heated effectively by providing sufficient time. Known stirling engine logic If the time to be spent for heating the gas is increased with It is considered that it should stop. This is very heavy in reducing the overall power of the engine. An expensive engine can deliver small powers. This also raises the possibility of an economic operation. it eliminates.

Benzer sekilde genlesme sonrasinda gazin etkin sekilde sogutulmasi ve basincinin ve/veya özgül hacminin düsürülmesi kritik öneme sahiptir. Bilinen Stirling motoru mantiginda gazin sogutulmasi da genlestirme silindirinden sikistirma silindirine geçis sirasinda gazin soguk yüzeyler ile temas ettirilmesi ile gerçeklestirilmeye çalisilmaktadir. Sogutma da bu sekilde çok verimsiz sekilde yapilabilmektedir. kazanmistir. Bu konu karbondioksit emisyonlarinin düsürülmesinden küresel isinmanin durdurulmasina, petrol ve dogal gazin verimli kullanilmasina, yogunlastirilmis günes isimasindan ekonomik sekilde enerji elde edilmesine kadar birçok konuda kilit teknoloji durumundadiri Su anda isi enerjisinden mekanik enerji eldesi teorik olarak alinabilecek verimin çok altinda verimlerle saglanabilmektedir. Gerçekten teorik çevrim degerlerine yakin çalisabilen makul maliyetli hafif ve küçük sicak gazli güç çevrim motorlarinin yapilabilmesi bu sorunlarin çözümünde önemli bir adim olacaktir. Similarly, effective cooling of the gas after expansion and pressure and/or Reducing the specific volume is critical. In the familiar Stirling engine logic, gas cooling of the gas during the transition from the expansion cylinder to the compression cylinder It is tried to be realized by contacting the surfaces. Cooling is also in this way can be done in a very inefficient way. has won. This issue is related to the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions and the impact of global warming. stopping, efficient use of oil and natural gas, concentrated solar key technology in many areas from the name to the economical energy production Currently, it is possible to obtain mechanical energy from heat energy theoretically. It can be provided with yields far below the yield. Really theoretical conversion values cost-effective light and small hot gas power conversion engines that can work closely This will be an important step in solving these problems.

BULUSUN ÇÖZÜMÜNÜ AMACLADIGI TEKNIK PROBLEMLER: Bulus sicak gaz çevrimlerinin bu temel sorunlarini çözmeyi amaçlamaktadir. Sorunlar kisaca söyledir. 1) Yeterli miktarda gaz nasil özgül hacmi sabit tutularak ve yeterli sürede kesintisiz sekilde isitilir ve basinci arttirilir. 2) Ayni anda ayni motorda gazin genlestirilmesi ile güç üretimi nasil kesintisiz sürdürülür. 3) Bu motorda gaz genlestirme ve güç üretimi kesintisiz olarak sürerken yeterli miktarda gazin yeterli sürede sogutulmasi nasil kesintisiz olarak gerçeklestirilir.TECHNICAL PROBLEMS THAT THE INVENTION IS INTENDED TO SOLVE: The invention aims to solve these fundamental problems of hot gas cycles. Problems say it briefly. 1) A sufficient amount of gas, keeping the specific volume constant and in sufficient time. It is continuously heated and the pressure is increased. 2) Expanding the throttle in the same engine at the same time How is power generation maintained uninterruptedly? 3) Throttle expansion and power generation in this engine How is it possible to cool a sufficient amount of gas in sufficient time while driving uninterruptedly? is performed as

Bu sorular birbiri ile dogrudan alakalidir. Bir gaz kütlesinin isitilmasi ile basinci arttirilir.These questions are directly related to each other. By heating a gas mass, its pressure is increased.

Baska bir gaz kütlesinin sogutulinasi ile de basinci düsürülür. Iki gaz kütlesi arasinda genlestirilerek güç elde edilir. Bu islemler basinç farki elde etmek için beraber kullanilan kilit önemdedir. Genlestirrne ve güç eldesi için basinç farki bu sekilde temin edilir. With the cooling of another gas mass, the pressure is also lowered. between two gas masses power is obtained by expanding. These operations are used together to obtain the pressure difference. is of key importance. This is how the pressure difference is provided for expansion and power generation.

Bulus bu iki sorunun çözüldügü sikistirmasiz bir motor tanimlamaktadir. Bu motor gazi sabit hacimde isitma, genlestirerek güç elde etme ve sabit basinçta sogutma seklinde üç çevrim adimindan olusan bir güç çevrimi gerçeklestirecektir. Bu motorda üç termodinamik islemi yani gazin isitilmasi, genlestirilmesi ve sogutulmasi ayni anda kesintisiz sekilde sürdürülecektir. Gazin sikistirilmasi ve genlestirilmesi islemleri bilindigi üzere çok sayida hareketli parçadan olusan sistemler kullanilarak yapilir. Sikistirma ve genlestirine islemlerinde önemli sürtünme ve isi kayiplari ile karsilasilir. Sikistirma islemi olmadan yapilan bir çevrimde sürtünme kayiplari gibi geri dönüsü olmayan kayiplar da önemli ölçüde azaltilmis olacaktir. The invention describes an uncompressed engine in which these two problems are solved. This engine gas Heating at constant volume, generating power by expansion and cooling at constant pressure. It will perform a power cycle consisting of a cycle step. Three thermodynamics in this engine process, ie the heating, expansion and cooling of the gas at the same time without interruption. will be continued. Gas compression and expansion processes It is done using systems consisting of moving parts. Compression and expansion significant friction and heat losses are encountered in the processes. without compression Irreversible losses, such as friction losses, are also important in a cycle. will be substantially reduced.

Bu özelliklerdeki bir motorun sikistirrnasiz olmasi çok Önemli bir ilerleme getirecektedir.Having an engine with these features without compression will bring a very important progress.

Bilindigi üzere gazlarin sikistirma islemi ayni zamanda gazin sicakligini da yükseltmektedir.As it is known, the compression process of gases also increases the temperature of the gas.

Bu durumda isitma ancak bu gazin sikistirma sonu sicakligindan daha yüksek sicaklikta bir isi kaynagi ile gerçeklestirilebilir. Örnegin 300 K sicakliktaki bir gazin sikistirildigini bu sirada basinci ile beraber sicakliginin da artarak 500 K ne çiktigini var sayalim. Böyle bir motorda ancak 500 C den daha yüksek sicaklikta bir isi kaynagi ile gaz isitilabilir ve basinci arttirilabilir. Fakat sikistirrnasiz ve gazin özgül hacmi sabit tutularak yapilan bir isitmada çok daha düsük sicakliktaki isi kaynaklarindan güç elde etmek mümkün olacaktir. Örnegin gaz sicakliginin 300 K ve basincinin 30 bar oldugunu var sayalim. Bu gazi özgül hacmini sabit tutarak sicakligini 500 K ne çikardigimizda basinci da 50 bara çikacaktir.In this case, heating can only be done at a temperature higher than the compression end temperature of this gas. can be realized with heat source. For example, this shows that a gas at a temperature of 300 K is compressed. Let's assume that the temperature increases along with the pressure and comes out 500 K. Such a In the engine, gas can only be heated with a heat source at a temperature higher than 500 °C and its pressure can be increased. However, in a heating without compression and keeping the specific volume of the gas constant, it will be possible to obtain power from heat sources at much lower temperatures. For example Suppose the gas temperature is 300 K and the pressure is 30 bar. This gas specific volume When we increase the temperature to 500 K by keeping it constant, the pressure will increase to 50 bar.

Sikistirmasiz motorlarda genlesme orani da düsük oldugundan çevrim verimi de düsük olacaktir. Fakat genlesme sonunda gazda kalan atik isinin isitilacak gazin ön isitmasinda kullanilabilme olanagi vardir. Bu da isitmada gereken net isi girisi ihtiyacini önemli ölçüde düsürecektir. Sonuç olarak hem basit yapili hem de verimi yüksek bir motor yapma imkani bu bulus konusu motorda sunulmaktadir. Since the expansion rate is low in uncompressed motors, the cycle efficiency is also low. will be. However, in the preheating of the gas to be heated, the waste heat remaining in the gas at the end of the expansion has the possibility to be used. This significantly reduces the net heat input requirement in heating. it will drop. As a result, it is possible to make an engine with both a simple structure and a high efficiency. the subject of the invention is provided in the engine.

Bu motor distan yanmali oldugu için birbirinden farkli birçok yakitin kullanilabilecegi bir motor olacaktir. Bu motorun özgül güç ve devir sayisi yönünden mevcut otto ve diesel motor degerlere ulasilmasi ve verim olarak da bu motorlarin verimlerinin asilmasi hedeflenmektedir. Özellikle distan yanmali güç sistemleri konusunda bu bulusun çok kritik avantajlar saglayacagi beklenmektedir. Distan yanmali güç sistemlerinin en büyük avantaji gereken sicaklikta ve isil kapasitede herhangi bir isi kaynagindan güç saglamaya imkan verinesidir. Örnegin kömür yakilmasi veya yogunlastirilmis günes isigindan saglanan isi belirli bir isil kapasite ve sicakligi sagladigi takdirde böyle bir sistemde isi girisi olarak kullanilabilir. Su anda distan yanmali güç sistemi olarak yaygin olarak kullanilan yalnizca rankine çevrimine göre çalisan buhar türbinli güç sistemleridir. Yogunlastirilmis günes isimali sistemlerde kullanilmak üzere de Stirling motor üniteleri üzerinde de çalisilmaktadir.Since this engine is external combustion, it is a vehicle where many different fuels can be used. will be the engine. Otto and diesel engines are available in terms of specific power and speed of this engine. reaching the engine values and exceeding the efficiency of these engines in terms of efficiency is targeted. It is very critical of this invention, especially in the field of external combustion power systems. advantages are expected. The biggest advantage of external combustion power systems It is possible to supply power from any heat source at the required temperature and thermal capacity. it is given. For example, heat from coal burning or concentrated sunlight as a heat input in such a system if it provides a certain thermal capacity and temperature. can be used. Currently, it is the only one widely used as an external combustion power system. They are steam turbine power systems operating according to the rankine cycle. concentrated sun It is also working on Stirling engine units to be used in named systems.

Fakat Stirling motorlarinin bilinen sorunlari da varligini sürdürmektedir. Bulus ile sunulan sistemin kömürlü ve nükleer isi kaynakli elektrik santrallerinden tasit araçlarina kadar bilinen güç sistemlerinin yerini alacaktir. Bunun yaninda tabiattaki düsük sicaklikta bol miktarda bulunan düsük sicakliktaki isi kaynaklarindan yüksek verimli ve kompakt yüksek özgül güçlü bir motor ile güç elde etmek mümkün olacaktir. However, the known problems of Stirling engines still exist. presented by the invention from coal-fired and nuclear heat-sourced power plants to transport vehicles. It will replace conventional power systems. Besides, it is abundant in the low temperature in nature. It is one of the low temperature heat sources available in high efficiency and compact high It will be possible to obtain power with a specific powerful engine.

BULUSUN TEMEL ESASLARI: Bulus ile ortaya konulan motorda gazin sabit hacimde isitilmasi, genlestirilmesi ve sabit basinçta sogutulmasi seklinde 3 ayri terinodinamik islem adimi ayni anda sürekli olarak gerçeklestirilir. Bu motorda veya güç sisteminde gazin sikistirma islemi yoktur. Gaz isitma safhasinda bir süre çevrimde dolasim disina bir isitma haznesine alinip isitilir. Bu isitmada yeterli zaman ve etkin isi transfer sartlari saglanir. Bu isitma sirasinda özgül hacmi sabit tutulur ve bu nedenle basinci da mutlak sicakligi ile orantili olarak artar. Belirli bir basinç ve sicakliga ulasan gaz tekrar çevrime döner ve genlesme islemine tabi tutulur. Genlesme sirasinda gazdan is alinir. Genlesme sonrasi gaz sabit basinç altinda sogutulur ve tekrar sabit hacim altinda sikistirma islemine girer. Stirling motorunun aksine gazin isitma ve sogutma safhalarinda izledigi yollar farklidir ve bir subab ve zamanlama sistemi tarafindan akislar çevrim zamanlamasina göre kontrol edilir. Sistemde sensörler ve bir elektronik kontrol sistemi bulunur. Sogutulan gazin atik isisi isitilan gazin ön isitmasinda kullanilir. Bu sekilde sisteme disaridan net isi girisi ihtiyaci azaltilir ve sistem verimi arttirilir. Bu amaçlar isitilan ve sogutulan gaz kütleleri arasinda isi geçisini saglamak için bir ara isi degistirici kullanilir. Sogutulan ve isitilan gaz kütleleri bir ters akisli isi degistirici seklinde kapali borularda birbirine ters yönde akitilir. Bu sirada isitilacak gazin ön isitmasi sogutulan gazdan alinan isi ile gerçeklestirilir. Sogutulan gazi mümkün oldugunca sogutmak için bu iki gaz arasi isi degistiriciden sonra sogutulan gaz bir son kademe soguk isi degistiricide sogutulur. Bu son kademe sogutmada çevreden uygun ortamdan saglanan bir soguk akiskan örnegin deniz suyu tatli su veya hava ile dis ortam sicakligina yakin sicakliga kadar getirilir. sicaklikta gereken isi girisini saglayacak herhangi bir isi kaynagi kullanilabilir. Örnegin bir kömür firinindan saglanan isi, bir sivi veya kati yakitin yanmasi ile saglanan isi, nükleer reaktör kaynakli isi, yogunlastirilmis günes isimasindan saglanan isi, jeotermal isi veya bir motorun sogutma sisteminden veya egsoz gazindan atik isisi isi girisi olarak kullanilabilir.BASICS OF THE INVENTION: In the engine introduced by the invention, the gas is heated at a constant volume, expanded and fixed. In the form of cooling in pressure, 3 separate terinodynamic process steps are continuously performed at the same time. is performed. There is no throttle compression in this engine or power system. gas heating During the cycle, it is taken out of circulation and heated in a heating chamber for a while. In this heating sufficient time and effective heat transfer conditions are provided. During this heating, its specific volume is constant. and therefore its pressure increases in proportion to its absolute temperature. certain pressure and The gas, which reaches the temperature, returns to the cycle again and is subjected to the expansion process. Expansion work is taken from the gas during After expansion, the gas is cooled under constant pressure and It enters the compression process under constant volume. Unlike the Stirling engine, gas heating and The paths it follows during the cooling phases are different and are controlled by a valve and timing system. the flows are controlled according to the cycle timing. sensors and an electronic system control system is available. The waste heat of the cooled gas is used in the preheating of the heated gas. This In this way, the need for net heat input from the outside to the system is reduced and the system efficiency is increased. These purposes An intermediate heat exchanger to provide heat transfer between the heated and cooled gas masses used. The cooled and heated gas masses are closed as a counterflow heat exchanger. flow in opposite directions in pipes. At this time, the preheating of the gas to be heated It is realized by the heat taken from the gas. This is to cool the cooled gas as much as possible. After the two-gas heat exchanger, the cooled gas is transferred to a final stage cold heat exchanger. it is cooled. In this last stage cooling, a cold fluid supplied from the environment For example, sea water is brought to a temperature close to the outdoor temperature with fresh water or air. Any heat source that will provide the required heat input at the temperature can be used. For example a heat from a coal furnace, heat from the combustion of a liquid or solid fuel, nuclear reactor heat, condensed solar heat, geothermal heat or a Waste heat from the engine's cooling system or exhaust gas can be used as a heat input.

Bu çevrim düsük sicakliktaki isi kaynaklarindan güç saglamak için özellikle uygundur. Örnegin denizlerin alt ve üst seviyedeki sulari arasindaki sicaklik farklari veya hava sicakligi ile deniz suyu sicakligi arasindaki farklar kullanilarak enerji temini için özellikle uygundur. Örnegin 100 bar basinçta 300 K sicaklikta olan gaz sabit hacimde 360 K sicakliga isitildiginda 120 bar basinca çikacaktir. Burada kritik olan konu büyük miktarda gazi sürekli etkin sekilde ayni anda isitma ve sogutmak bu sekilde çevrime yeterli miktarda Bu bulusta sunulan çevriminde ikinci kritik özellik gazin sogutulmasinin gerçekten sabit basinç altinda yeterli süre soguk yüzeylere temas ederek gerçeklesecegi bir yapinin ortaya konmus olmasidir. Bu soguina islemi bu motorda genlesme veya piston hareket sürelerinden tamamen bagimsiz olarak gereken sürede yapilabilmektedir. Böylece gaz gerçekten teorik degerlere yani isinin atildigi soguk kuyu sicakligina yakin sicakliga kadar soguyabilmektedir. This cycle is particularly suitable for powering low temperature heat sources. For example, the temperature differences between the lower and upper waters of the seas or the air especially for energy supply by using the differences between sea water temperature and sea water temperature. suitable. For example, a gas with a temperature of 300 K at a pressure of 100 bar is 360 K at a constant volume. When heated to a temperature of 120 bar, it will come out. The critical issue here is a large amount of Heating and cooling the gas at the same time effectively and in such a way that sufficient quantity is circulated. The second critical feature in the cycle presented in this invention is that the cooling of the gas is truly constant. A structure that will come into existence by contacting cold surfaces under pressure for sufficient time is revealed. is that it is set. This cooling process is caused by expansion or piston movement times in this engine. It can be done completely independently in the required time. So the gas is really theoretical up to the values close to the cold well temperature where the heat is thrown. can cool.

Bulusta tanimlanan sogutma islemi hem girisi hem çikisi ayni anda açik olan ve içinden sürekli akis olan bir açik sogutma sistemi olarak tanimlanmaktadir. Bu sogutma sisteminde basinç sabit kalmakta sicaklikla özgül hacim beraberce orantili olarak degismektedir. Bu da belirli bir genlesme baslangici basinç ve sicakligi olan gazin daha fazla genlestirilmesini ve daha fazla güç saglanmasini mümkün kilacaktir. Çevrimin uygulamasi ileride sekiller üzerinde ayrintili olarak tarif edilecektir. Bu tanimlanan sistemde isitma ve sogutma islemleri simdiye kadar sicak gaz dolasimli güç çevrimlerinden çok daha etkin sekilde gerçeklesmektedir. Bu çevrimde Stirling çevriminin aksine isitma süresi mil dönüs sürelerinden veya gaz sikistirma genlestirme stroklari sürelerinden tamamen bagimsizdir. Gaz isitma islemi gazi bir basinçli gaz haznesine alip yeterli süre tutarak gerçeklesmektedir. Bu isitma haznesine gaz alinip bir süre dolasim disinda tutulmaktadir. Isitma haznesinde yeterli isi geçis yüzeyi ve gazin içerde tutulma süresi saglanmaktadir. Gaz istenilen sicakliga ve basinca getirildikten sonra tekrar çevrime dönmekte ve genlesmeye gönderilmektedir. Gazin isitma haznesine giris ve çikisinda özgül hacmi degismemekte fakat isi kaynagi sicakligina yani T max sicakligina yakin sicakliga kadar isitilabilmektedir. The cooling process defined in the invention is the one whose input and output are open at the same time and It is defined as an open cooling system with continuous flow. In this cooling system The pressure remains constant and the specific volume changes proportionally with the temperature. This too further expansion of the gas with a certain initial pressure and temperature of expansion and will allow more power to be provided. The application of the cycle will be described in detail later on in the figures. This In the described system, heating and cooling processes have been carried out by hot gas circulating power until now. occurs much more effectively than cycles. In this cycle, the Stirling cycle on the contrary, the heating time depends on the spindle rotation times or the gas compression expansion strokes. completely independent of time. Gas heating process takes the gas into a compressed gas chamber and takes place in sufficient time. Let gas be taken into this heating chamber and circulate for a while. is kept out. Sufficient heat transfer surface and gas retention in the heating chamber time is provided. After the gas is brought to the desired temperature and pressure, it is recycled again. returns and is sent to expansion. Specifically, at the entrance and exit of the gas to the heating chamber its volume does not change, but it reaches a temperature close to the heat source temperature, that is, the temperature of T max. can be heated.

Bu bulusta sunulan sistemde gazin sikistirma ve genlestirme islemleri arasinda dolasimi Stirling motorundan tamamen farklidir. Stirling motorunda gaz sikistirma sonrasi genlestirmeye geçerken geçis yolu üzerinde isitilmaktadir. Genlestirme sonrasi sikistirmaya geçerken yine ayni yol üzerinden geçmekte ve bu geçis sirasinda sogutulmaktadir. Yani gaz her iki yönden de geçerken ayni yol üzerinden ard arda ters yönlerde geçmektedir. Bu mevcut Stirling yapisinda gazin gidis yönünü tayin etmek için bir subab veya yönlendirme sistemi söz konusu degildir. Bu sekilde isi geçis yüzeyleri de yalniz gazin geçisi sirasinda kullanilmaktadir. Gazin isitilmasi ve sogutulmasi zaten mevcut Stirling motorunda yetersiz ve problemli iken isi transfer yüzeyleri de zainanin küçük bir kisminda kullanilabilmekte ve isi transferinde büyük bir Ölü zaman da bulunmaktadir. aktarilmaktadir. Bu isitma tüpünün hacmi bir strokta basilan gaz hacminden çok daha fazlasini alacak sekilde yapilmistir. Bu tüpün içinde daha önceden basilmis ve yeterli süre kalarak isitilmis olan basinçli sicak gaz bulunmaktadir. Soguk gaz bu basinçli sicak gaz tüpüne aktarilirken ayni anda tüpteki sicak basinçli gaz da disari alinmaktadir. Bu çikan gaz belirli bir yeterli süre sabit haciinde isitilmis ve basinç ve sicakliga ulasmis durumdadir ve genlesmeye bu gaz gönderilmektedir. Örnegin her piston strogunda 10 gram gaz gazin genlestirildigini var sayalim. Bu sicak basinçli gaz ihtiva eden tüpün hacmi bundan çok daha fazla gaz alacak büyüklüktedir. Örnegin 1000 gr gaz alacak hacimde bir isitma haznesinin kullanildigini var sayalim. Bu durumda isitma haznesine soguk gaz olarak giren gaz 100 piston strogu boyunca haznenin içinde kalmakta ve sicak isi transfer yüzeylerinden isi almaktadir. 100 piston strogu sonunda belirli bir sicakliga ulasmis oldugunda tüpün disina alinip genlesme ünitesine verilmektedir.In the system presented in this invention, the gas circulates between compression and expansion processes. It is completely different from the Stirling engine. After throttle compression in a Stirling engine It is heated on the passageway when passing to expansion. Compression after expansion While passing, it passes over the same road again and is cooled during this transition. So gas While passing in both directions, it passes over the same road in opposite directions, one after the other. This A valve or steering wheel to determine the direction of gas flow in the existing Stirling structure. system did not exist. In this way, the heat transfer surfaces are also only formed during the passage of the gas. is used. Heating and cooling of the gas is insufficient in an already existing Stirling engine and while problematic, heat transfer surfaces can also be used on a small part of the craft and There is also a large dead time in heat transfer. is being transmitted. The volume of this heating tube is much larger than the volume of gas released in one stroke. it is made to take more. This tube is pre-printed and for sufficient time. There is pressurized hot gas, which is heated by remaining. cold gas this pressurized hot gas While being transferred to the tube, the hot pressurized gas in the tube is taken out at the same time. This is the gas has been heated at a constant volume for a given sufficient time and has reached pressure and temperature, and This gas is sent to the expansion. For example, let's assume that 10 grams of gas is expanded in each piston stroke. it's hot The volume of the cylinder containing pressurized gas is large enough to receive much more gas than this. For example, let's assume that a heating chamber with a volume of 1000 g gas is used. This In this case, the gas entering the heating chamber as cold gas flows through the chamber through the 100 piston stroke. stays inside and takes heat from the hot heat transfer surfaces. At the end of 100 piston strokes When it reaches a certain temperature, it is taken out of the tube and given to the expansion unit.

Bu tüpün içinde isi transfer yüzeyi de gaz ile sicak cidar arasinda yeterli isi transfer yüzeyini saglayacak isi geçis alanina sahiptir. Isitilacak gaz bu isitma tüpüne soguk gaz girisi olarak girmektedir. Bu isitma tüpünden ise daha önceden tüpe basilmis önceden yeterli bir süre sicak isi transfer yüzeyleri ile temas etmis sicak ve basinçli gaz alinmaktadir. Tüpe giren gazin Özgül hacmi ve çikan gazin özgül hacmi teorik olarak birbirine esittir. Bu sekilde gazin sabit hacimde isitilarak basincinin arttirilmasi sarti da gerçeklestirilmis olur. Gaz önceden belirlenmis bir süre tüpte kalir ve sicak isi geçis cidarlarina temas eder. Önceden belirlenmis bir sicaklik ve basinca ulastiginda tüpten alinir ve genlesmeye gönderilir. Bu sekilde gazin isitilmasinin için bir mil dönüsü veya piston strogu ile sinirli zaman kullanma zorunlulugu da asilmis olur. Gazin isitma haznesine girme ve çikma isleminde gaz geçis hazneleri seklinde yeni bir kavram kullanilacaktir. Bu sekilde belirli bir basinçtaki gaz çok daha yüksek basinçta gaz ihtiva eden bir isitma haznesine aktarilabilecektir. The heat transfer surface in this tube also provides a sufficient heat transfer surface between the gas and the hot wall. It has a heat transfer area to provide The gas to be heated is entered into this heating tube as a cold gas inlet. enters. From this heating tube, a sufficient time has been previously pressed on the tube. Hot and pressurized gas in contact with hot heat transfer surfaces is taken. tube entering The specific volume of the gas and the specific volume of the exiting gas are theoretically equal to each other. In this way The condition of increasing the pressure of the gas by heating it at a constant volume is also fulfilled. Gas remains in the tube for a predetermined time and the hot heat contacts the transition walls. Previously When it reaches a specified temperature and pressure, it is taken from the tube and sent to expansion. This Using limited time with a shaft turn or piston stroke to heat the gas in such a way obligation is also lifted. Gas transition in the process of entering and exiting the heating chamber A new concept in the form of hoppers will be used. In this way, the gas at a certain pressure is very It can be transferred to a heating chamber containing a higher pressure gas.

Gazin sogutulmasi bu bulus konusu sistemde sabit basinç altinda sogutma seklinde yapilacaktir. Genlesmeden çikan gaz bir sogutma isi degistiricisine girmektedir. Bu sogutma isi degistiricisinin hacmi de bir strokta giren gaz miktarindan çok daha fazlasini alacak büyüklüktedir. Örnegin silindir piston takiminin her genlesme strogunda genlestirdigi gaz 10 gr ise soguk isi degistirici hacmi 1000 gr gaz alacak sekilde yapilmaktadir. Bu soguk isi degistiricinin girisine genlesmeden gelen sicak gaz girmektedir. Bilindigi üzere güç çevrimlerinde isinin atildigi ortama soguk kuyu denilmektedir. Hesaplarda T min seklinde ifade edilen en düsük sicaklik da soguk kuyu sicakligi olarak geçmektedir. Soguk kuyu dan alinan soguk akiskan bir isi transfer cidarinin bir tarafinda akmakta cidarin diger tarafinda ise sogutulacak gaz akmaktadir. Bu gaz içerde soguk cidar ile temas ederek sogumakta ve yeterli bir süre içerde kalip önceden belirlenen bir sicaklik araligina kadar sogutulduktan sonra isi degistiriciden çikmaktadir. Bu çikan sogutulmus sikistirma ünitesine girmektedir.Gas cooling is in the form of cooling under constant pressure in the system of this invention. will be done. The gas from the expansion enters a cooling heat exchanger. This The volume of the refrigeration heat exchanger also exceeds the amount of gas entering in one stroke. receivable size. For example, the cylinder piston assembly expands at each expansion stroke. If the gas is 10 gr, the volume of the cold heat exchanger is made to receive 1000 gr gas. it's cold The hot gas from the expansion enters the inlet of the heat exchanger. As you know, power The environment where the heat is discharged in the cycles is called a cold well. T min in accounts The lowest temperature expressed is also referred to as the cold well temperature. from the cold well A cold fluid received flows on one side of the heat transfer wall and on the other side of the wall on the other hand, the gas to be cooled is flowing. This gas cools by contacting the cold wall inside and after a sufficient period of time, the mold has cooled to a predetermined temperature range. then it exits the heat exchanger. This output enters the refrigerated compression unit.

Simdiye kadar bilinen Stirling çevriminin aksine gaz piston stroku süresinden çok daha uzun bir süre soguk yüzeylerle temas etmekte ve bu sirada basinci da sabit kalmaktadir. Bu durumda çok daha iyi sogumaktadir. Unlike the hitherto known Stirling cycle, the gas piston stroke time is much longer contact with cold surfaces for a while and the pressure remains constant during this time. This case it cools much better.

SEKILLERIN AÇIKLAMASI: Bulusu sekiller üzerinde ifade etmek üzere 4 sekil sunulmaktadir.EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURES: 4 figures are presented to express the invention on figures.

Sekil 1 de çevrimin teorik basinç hacim diyagrami gösterilmistir. The theoretical pressure-volume diagram of the cycle is shown in Figure 1.

Sekil 2 de bu çevriinin nasil uygulanacagina dair sematik sistem ve çevrimin gazi sogutma anindaki gaz akislari gösterilmistir. Figure 2 shows the schematic system of how this cycle will be applied and the gas cooling of the cycle. instantaneous gas flows are shown.

Sekil 3 de bu çevrimin uygulamasi gaz genlesme sirasindaki gaz akislari gösterilmistir.In Figure 3 the application of this cycle, gas flows during gas expansion is shown.

SEKILLERDEKI REFERANSLARIN AÇIKLAMASI: rçpwsawêwwrçpwaowêwwrç P-V diyagraminda gazin sabit hacimde isitma öncesi hali P-V diyagraminda gazin isitma sonrasi genlesme öncesi hali P-V diyagraminda gazin genlesme sonrasi sogutma öncesi hali Basinçli gaz isitma haznesi Gaz geçis odasi Gaz geçis odasi Gaz geçis odasi Genlestirme silindiri Genlestirme pistonu Gaz geçis odasina soguk gaz giris subabi Gaz geçis odasindan sicak basinçli gaz çikis subabi Gaz geçis odasindan isitma haznesine gaz çikis subabi Gaz geçis odasina isitma haznesinden gaz giris subabi Gaz geçis odalarindan isitma haznesine gaz geçis yolu Soguk isi degistiriciden gaz geçis odalarina gaz giris yolu Genlestirme silindirinden gaz tahliye yolu Gaz geçis odalarindan genlestirme ünitesine sicak basinçli gaz çikis yolu Genlestirme pistonu yukari hareket yönü Genlestirme silindirinden gaz çikisi Ara isi degistiriciye genlestirilme silindirinden gaz girisi Ara isi degistiriciye sicak gaz girisi Ara isi degistirici Ara isi degistiriciden gaz çikisi Sogutma haznesine gaz girisi Soguk isi degistiriciye sogutucu akiskan girisi Soguk isi degistirici 32. Soguk isi degistiricidcn sogutucu akiskan çikisi 33. Sogutma haznesinden sogutulmus gaz çikisi 34. Gaz geçis odasina soguk gaz girisi . Gaz geçis odalarindan isitma haznesine gaz basan pompa 36. Gaz geçis odalarindan genlestirineye basinçli gaz girisi 37. Sicak isi degistirici 38. Sicak isi degistiriciye isitma akiskani girisi 39. Sicak isi degistiriciden isitma akiskani çikisi 40. Isitma haznesi çikisindaki sicak gaz BULUSUN SEKILLER ÜZERINDE AYRINTILI AÇIKLAMASI: Sekil 1 de örnek bir çevrimin basinç hacim diyagrami gösterilmektedir. Diyagramda 1-2 arasi çevrimin birinci adimi olarak sabit hacimde isitma, 2-3 arasi çevrimin ikinci adimi olarak izantropik genlesme, 3-1 arasi da sabit basinç altinda izobarik sogutma ile gazin ilk haline dönmesi gösterilmektedir. Teorik olarak çevrimin üç adimi söyledir: 1- 2 Sabit Özgül Hacimde Isitma: Çevrimin ilk adiminda gaz bir isitma haznesine alinmakta ve bu sekilde gazin mutlak basinci mutlak sicakligi ile orantili olarak arttirilmaktadir. Bu adimda hacim Voll : V012 sabit kalmakta sicaklik Tl den TZ sicakligina çikmaktadir. Bu islem sonunda basinç da mutlak sicaklik ile orantili olarak artmakta ve TZ / Tl = P2 / Pl seklinde ifade edilecek sekilde bir basinç artisi saglanmaktadir. Bu adimda gaza - Q in I isi girisi verilmektedir.EXPLANATION OF REFERENCES IN THE FIGURES: rçpwsawêwwrçpwaowêwwrç Pre-heating state of the gas at constant volume in the P-V diagram State of gas before expansion after heating in P-V diagram In the P-V diagram, the state of the gas after expansion and before cooling Compressed gas heating chamber gas passage chamber gas passage chamber gas passage chamber Expansion cylinder expansion piston Cold gas inlet valve to the gas passage chamber Hot pressure gas outlet valve from the gas passage chamber Gas outlet valve from the gas passage chamber to the heating chamber Gas inlet valve from the heating chamber to the gas transition chamber Gas passage path from the gas passage chambers to the heating chamber Gas inlet path from the cold heat exchanger to the gas passage chambers Gas discharge path from expansion cylinder Hot pressure gas outlet path from gas passage chambers to expansion unit Expansion piston upward movement direction Gas exit from expansion cylinder Gas inlet from expansion cylinder to intermediate heat exchanger Hot gas inlet to the intermediate heat exchanger Intermediate heat exchanger Gas output from the intermediate heat exchanger Gas inlet to the cooling chamber Refrigerant inlet to cold heat exchanger cold heat exchanger 32. Refrigerant outlet from cold heat exchanger 33. Chilled gas outlet from the cooling chamber 34. Cold gas inlet to the gas passage chamber . The pump that delivers gas from the gas passage chambers to the heating chamber 36. Compressed gas inlet from gas passage chambers to the expander 37. Hot heat exchanger 38. Heating fluid inlet to the hot heat exchanger 39. Heating fluid output from hot heat exchanger 40. Hot gas at the outlet of the heating chamber DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION ON SHAPES: Figure 1 shows the pressure-volume diagram of an example cycle. 1-2 in diagram Heating at constant volume as the first step of the inter-cycle, the second step of the 2-3-cycle isentropic expansion, 3-1 is the initial pressure of the gas with isobaric cooling under constant pressure. reversion is shown. Theoretically, the three steps of the cycle are: 1- 2 Constant Specific Volume Heating: In the first step of the cycle, the gas is taken into a heating chamber and in this way the absolute gas The pressure is increased in proportion to the absolute temperature. Volume Voll at this step: V012 remains constant and the temperature rises from Tl to TZ. At the end of this process, the pressure is also increases proportionally with absolute temperature and will be expressed as TZ / Tl = P2 / Pl In this way, a pressure increase is provided. In this step, the heat input of - Q to I is given to the gas.

Uygulamada gaza verilen isinin önemli kismi 3. çevrim adimindaki sabit hacimde soguma sirasinda sogutulan gazdan alinan atik isi olacaktir. 2-3 Genlestirme ve Güç Eldesi: Bu adimda teorik olarak gazin basinci P2 degerinden P3= Pl degerine izantropik genlesme ile düsürülmektedir. Bu genlesme sirasinda is elde edilmektedir. Bu adimda 82:83 sabit kalmaktadir. Gazdan -W out- is alininaktadir.In practice, the most important part of the heat given to the gas is the constant volume cooling in the 3rd cycle step. There will be waste heat taken from the cooled gas during 2-3 Expansion and Power Acquisition: In this step, the pressure of the gas theoretically changes from P2 value to P3= The Pl value is reduced by isentropic expansion. During this expansion, work is obtained is being done. At this step, 82:83 remains constant. -W out- work is taken from the gas.

Sicaklik ta T2 degerinden T3 degerine düsmektedir. Uygulamada ise sürtünmeler ve isi kayiplari nedeni ile bu izantropik sikistirma elde edilemeyeceginden belirli bir izantropik genlestirme verimi söz konusu olacak ve entropi de artacaktir. Teorik olarak bu adimda alinan W out isi net ise W net esittir. Bunun nedeni sikistirma ile gaza iS W in isini vermenin sikistirmasiz gaz çevriminde gerekli olmamasidir.10 3-1 Sabit Basinçta 7 lzobarik- Sogutma: Bu adimda basinç PS = Pl seklinde sabit kalarak yani izobarik olarak gaz sogutulmaktadir. Izobarik soguma ile gazin özgül hacmi mutlak sicakligi ile orantili olarak azalmaktadir. Sicaklik genlesme sonundaki T3 degerinden l. kademede tanimlanan sikistirma öncesi Tl degerine düsürülmektedir. Bu sekilde çevrimin 3. adimi sonunda gaz 1. adim basindaki sartlara geri dönmektedir. Bulus ile sunulan motorda bu sogutulan gazdan alinan isi sabit hacimde isitilan gaza aktarilacaktir. Sogutulan ve isitilan gazlar arasinda bir ters akisli isi degistirici ile isi degisimi saglanacaktir. Bu sekilde atik isinin çok önemli kismi kazanilacak ve verimde çok önemli artis saglanacaktir.The temperature also decreases from T2 value to T3 value. In practice, frictions and heat Since this isentropic compression cannot be achieved due to There will be expansion efficiency and entropy will increase. Theoretically, at this step If the received W out is net, then W net is equal. The reason for this is to give the heat of iS W to the gas with compression. It is not necessary in the uncompressed gas cycle.10 3-1 7 Izobaric- Cooling at Constant Pressure: In this step, the pressure remains constant as PS = Pl. that is, the gas is cooled isobaric. Absolute specific volume of gas with isobaric cooling decreases proportionally with the temperature. The temperature is l from the T3 value at the end of the expansion. It is reduced to the Tl value before compression defined in step. In this way, turn At the end of step 3, the gas returns to the conditions at the beginning of step 1. presented by the invention In the engine, the heat taken from this cooled gas will be transferred to the heated gas at a constant volume. refrigerated and heat exchange will be provided with a counter flow heat exchanger between the heated gases. This In this way, a very important part of the waste heat will be recovered and a very significant increase in efficiency will be achieved.

Bulusta simdiye kadar bilinen motorlarin aksine yukaridaki üç adimin da ayni anda kesintisiz olarak sürdürüldügü bir sistem sunulmaktadir. Contrary to the engines hitherto known in the invention, the above three steps are performed simultaneously. An uninterrupted system is offered.

Sekil 2 de bu motorda çevrimin üç isleminin de kesintisiz olarak nasil ayni anda gerçeklestirilecegi gösterilmektedir. Bu motorda bir gaz kütlesi özgül hacmi sabit tutularak kesintisiz olarak isitilir. Bu isitma bir sicak ve basinçli gaz ihtiva eden bir isitma haznesinde (4) gerçeklestirilir. Gazin isitma süresi mil dönüsü veya piston strogu ile sinirli degildir. Bu haznede (4) isitma sürekli olarak devam eder. Isitma haznesinde (4) isitilan gaz kütlesi de bir mil dönüsünde genlestirilen gaz miktarindan çok daha fazladir. Ayni anda baska bir gaz kütlesi de bir sogutma haznesinde (5) sabit basinç altinda sogutulur. Sogutma haznesinde (5) gazin sogutuldugu süre de mil dönüsü veya piston strok süresinden çok daha uzundur.Figure 2 shows how, in this engine, all three processes of the cycle are performed simultaneously without interruption. is shown to be performed. In this engine, the specific volume of a gas mass is kept constant. continuously heated. This heating is in a heating chamber containing a hot and pressurized gas. (4) is performed. Gas heating time is not limited to spindle rotation or piston stroke. This Heating continues continuously in the chamber (4). The gas mass heated in the heating chamber (4) is also It is much more than the amount of gas expanded in one mile turn. another gas at the same time mass is also cooled in a cooling chamber (5) under constant pressure. In the cooling chamber (5) The time the gas is cooled is also much longer than the spindle rotation or piston stroke time.

Bu sogutulan gazin kütlesi de bir piston strogunda genlestirilenden çok daha fazladir. Gazin genlesme ve güç saglama islemi de sürekli olarak devam eder. The mass of this cooled gas is also much greater than that expanded in a piston stroke. gas The expansion and power supply process also continues continuously.

Sekil 2 de ve Sekil 3 de gösterilen sematik sistemler prensip olarak ayni sistemdir. Yalniz Sekil 2 de genlesme pistonunun yukari hareketi sirasinda silindirdeki gazin sogutma islemine iletilmesi sirasindaki çalisma düzeni gösterilmistir. Sekil 3 de ise ayni sistemin güç saglama ve gazin genlestirme islemi sirasindaki çalisma düzeni gösterilmistir. Motorda gaz akislari belirli bir düzen içinde arka arkaya sekil 2 ve sekil 3 de gösterilen adimlari tekrarlainaktadir. The schematic systems shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 are in principle the same system. Alone In Figure 2, the cooling of the gas in the cylinder during the upward movement of the expansion piston The working order during the transmission to the process is shown. In Figure 3, the power of the same system The working order during the supply and expansion process of the gas is shown. gas in the engine the steps shown in figure 2 and figure 3, one after the other, in a certain order. it is repeated.

Sekil 2 de sematik olarak temel yapi gösterilmistir. Burada bir adet isitma haznesi (4), bir adet gaz sogutma haznesi (5), üç adet gaz geçis haznesi (6,7,8) , bir adet gaz genlestirme ünitesi (9) bulunur. Sekil 2 de gazin genlestirildigi bir piston (10) silindir (9) takimi gösterilmistir. Gazin sikistirma ve genlestirme islemi piston silindir takimlarinda degil de baska bir yöntem ile örnegin döner pistonlar ile de yapilabilir. Fakat alisilmis ve yaygin yapi oldugu için burada piston silindir (9,10) takimi gösterilmistir. Sekilde 2 de 3 adet es yapida gaz geçis odasi (6,7,8) gösterilmistir. Her gaz geçis (6,7,8) odasi birbiri ile es yapidadir. Her geçis odasinin dört adet gaz yolundan (15,I6,l9,2l) gaz girisi veya çikisi vardir. Her gaz geçis odasina soguk hazneden (5) gaz girisi (19) vardir. Her gaz geçis odasinin sikistirma ünitesine (9) gaz çikisi (21) vardir. Her gaz geçis odasinin gaz isitma haznesinin soguk gaz girisine (17) gaz verme ve sicak gaz çikisindan (18) gaz alma kabiliyeti vardir. In Figure 2, the basic structure is shown schematically. Here, a heating chamber (4) is gas cooling chamber (5), three gas passage chambers (6,7,8), one gas expansion chamber unit (9). In Figure 2, a piston (10) cylinder (9) set in which the gas is expanded shown. Compression and expansion of the gas is not in the piston cylinder assemblies. It can also be done with another method, for example with rotary pistons. But familiar and common The piston-cylinder (9,10) set is shown here because of the construction. 3 pieces in 2 in the figure The gas passage chamber (6,7,8) is shown in the structure. Each gas passage (6,7,8) chamber is equal to each other. is in the structure. Gas inlet or outlet from four gas paths (15,I6,19,2l) of each pass chamber has. Each gas passage chamber has a gas inlet (19) from the cold chamber (5). Every gas pass chamber has a gas outlet (21) to the compression unit (9). Gas heating of each gas passage chamber gas to the cold gas inlet (17) of the chamber and degassing from the hot gas outlet (18) has the ability.

Her gaz geçis odasinin bu gaz yollarini açip kapatan subablari (11,12,13,14) bulunmaktadir.Each gas passage chamber has valves (11,12,13,14) that open and close these gas paths.

Her gaz geçis odasinin (6,7,8) sogutma haznesinden (5) gelen gazin (19) alindigi birer gaz giris subabi (11) bulunmaktadir. Yine her gaz geçis odasinin (6,7,8) sicak basinçli gazi genlestirme ünitesine ilettigi bir gaz çikisi (21) bulunmaktadir. Gaz geçis odalarinin (6,7,8) her birinde isitma haznesi ile arasinda iki gaz yolunu açip kapatan ikiser gaz subabi (13,14) bulunur. Geçis hazneleri (6,7,8) ile isitma haznesinin (4) soguk gaz girisi (17) arasinda bir gaz yolu (15) vardir. Yine geçis odalari ile isitma haznesinin (4) sicak gaz çikisi (18) arasinda baska bir gaz yolu da (16) vardir. Her gaz geçis odasinin (6,7,8) isitma haznesinin (4) soguk gaz girisine (17) giden gaz yoluna (15) açilan subablari (13) bulunmaktadir. Yine her gaz geçis odasinin (6,7,8) sicak gaz haznesi (4) sicak gaz çikisindan (18) gelen (16) gazi içine aldigi bir gaz giris subabi (14) bulunur. Bu gaz geçis odalarinin (6,7,8) sayisi en az iki adet olacaktir. Sekilde 3 tane (6,7,8) gösterilmistir fakat 3 den fazla da olabilir. Each gas passage chamber (6,7,8) is a gas from which the gas (19) coming from the cooling chamber (5) is taken. There is an inlet valve (11). Again, the hot pressure gas of each gas passage room (6,7,8) It has a gas outlet (21) that it transmits to the expansion unit. Gas passage chambers (6,7,8) two gas valves (13,14), each of which opens and closes the two gas paths between the heating chamber and is found. There is a connection between the transition chambers (6,7,8) and the cold gas inlet (17) of the heating chamber (4). There is a gas path (15). Again, the hot gas outlet (18) of the heating chamber (4) with the transition chambers There is also another gas path (16) between them. The heating chamber of each gas pass chamber (6,7,8) (4) There are valves (13) opening to the gas path (15) leading to the cold gas inlet (17). Still the gas (16) coming from the hot gas outlet (18) of the hot gas chamber (4) of each gas transition chamber (6,7,8) It has a gas inlet valve (14). The number of these gas passage chambers (6,7,8) is at least two. there will be a number. 3 (6,7,8) are shown in the figure, but there may be more than 3.

Sekil 2 de üç adet isi degistirici (26,31,37) gösterilmistir. Bu isi degistiricilerden biri ara isi degistirici (26) olarak kullanilmaktadir. Bu isi degistiricide (26) genlesme sonrasi gazda yapilmaktadir. Three heat exchangers (26,31,37) are shown in Figure 2. One of these heat exchangers is intermediate heat. used as the modifier (26). In this heat exchanger (26) in the gas after expansion is being done.

Sekil 2 de görüldügü gibi genlestirme silindirindeki (9) piston (10) yukari (22) dogru hareket etmekte ve genlestirilmis gazi silindirden disari (23) tahliye etmektedir. Bu gaz genlestigi için basinci düsmüs fakat içinde atik isi veya iç isisi kalmis ve sogutulmasi gereken bir gaz kütlesidir. Sekli karisiklastirmamak için bu silindir tahliye subabi gösterilmemistir. Bu subab silindirden gaz çikisi (23) ile ara isi degistirici arasindaki yolu (20) açip kapatmaktadir. Genlestirme pistonu (10) yukari çikarken bu tahliye subabi açilmakta silindirdeki gaz (23) ara isi degistiriciye dogru yol (20) almaktadir. Pistonun asagi inisi basladiginda ise tahliye subabi tekrar kapanmakta ve silindir ile ara isi degistirici arasindaki gaz akisi (20) durmaktadir. As seen in Figure 2, the piston (10) in the expansion cylinder (9) is directed upwards (22). it moves and discharges the expanded gas out of the cylinder (23). this gas because it expands, the pressure has dropped, but there is waste heat or internal heat left inside and it needs to be cooled. is the required amount of gas. To avoid confusion, this cylinder relief valve is not shown. This valve is the path between the gas outlet (23) from the cylinder and the intermediate heat exchanger. (20) turns it on and off. As the expansion piston (10) goes up, this relief valve is opened, the gas (23) in the cylinder takes its way (20) towards the intermediate heat exchanger. down the piston when the descent starts, the discharge valve closes again and the cylinder and the intermediate heat exchanger The gas flow (20) between them stops.

Silindirden tahliye edilen gaz (20) ara isi degistiriciye (24,25) girer. Sekilde bu ara isi degistirici (25,26,27) isitma haznesinin (4) içinde gösterilmistir. Fakat ayri bir hazne veya isi degistirici olarak konumlandirinak da mümkündür. Burada önemli olan genlesme sonrasinda gazda kalan iç isi ile isitilan gazin ön isitmasini yapmaktir. Sekil 2 isitma haznesinin soguk gaz girisinden giren gaz (17) ilk olarak bu ara isi degistiricinin (26) isi transfer yüzeyleri ile karsilasmaktadir. Sogutulan gaz akisi sirasinda (24,25,26,27) bir isi transfer cidarinin bir tarafinda disariya isi vermektedir. Ara isi degistirici (26) cidarinin diger tarafinda ise isitilan gaz (28) ters yönde akmakta ve bu isiyi alarak ön isitma isleminden geçmektedir. Sekilde ara isi degistirici (26) helisel sarilmis boru olarak gösterilmistir. Fakat uygulamada üzeri isi transfer kanatlari olan düz boru veya plaka gibi bilinen isi degistirici kombinasyonlari da kullanilabilir. Dogal olarak iki akiskan arasinda isi geçisi olmasi için bir sicaklik farki olmalidir. Sogutulan gazin bu akis sirasinda sicakligi azalinakta ve en soguk halinde iken isitilmak üzere hazneye yeni giren gaza isi (28) vermektedir. Sogutulan gaz hazneye yeni girdiginde ve en yüksek sicakliginda iken de belirli bir isi almis olan isitilan gaza isi vermektedir. Örnek olarak bu ara isi degistiriciye (26) genlestirme isleminden (23,20,24) gelen gazin 700 K sicaklik ile girdigini (25) var sayalim. Burada isisini isitma haznesine sayalim. Isitma haznesine yeni giren gazin da bu isiyi alarak ( 17) 300 K sicakliktan 670 K sicakliga kadar isindigini var sayalim. Burada bir ters akisli isi degistirici yapilmis olinaktadir. Bu durumda ara isi degistirici ile yapilan bu ön isitmada isitilan gazin sogutulan gaz sicakligina yakin sicakliga kadar belirli bir sicaklik farki ile isitilmasi mümkündür. Bu isitma islemi için sisteme net bir harici isi girisi gerekmemektedir. Sogutulan gaz bu ara isi degistiriciden çiktiktan sonra inümkün olan en düsük sicakliga indirilmek üzere bir son kademe soguk isi degistiriciye (5) girer. Burada bir soguk akiskan kullanilarak bu gazdan isi alinir. Sekilde helisel sarilinis bir boru isi degistirici (31) içinden bir soguk akiskan geçisi (30,32) gösterilmektedir. Bu soguk akiskan uygun bir sivi veya gaz olabilir. Örnegin deniz suyu veya bir radyatör sisteininde sogutulan tatli su veya ortam havasi sogutma akiskani olarak kullanilabilir. Bu son kademe isi degistirici de tercihen bir ters akisli isi degistirici olarak çalismaktadir. Sogutulmus (33) gaz buradan çikip gaz geçis haznelerinden birine dolmaktadir.The gas (20) discharged from the cylinder enters the intermediate heat exchanger (24,25). In the figure, this intermediate heat the exchanger (25,26,27) is shown inside the heating chamber (4). But a separate chamber or heat It is also possible to position it as a modifier. The important thing here is that after the expansion is to preheat the gas heated with the internal heat remaining in the gas. Fig. 2 Cooling of the heating chamber The gas (17) entering from the gas inlet is first mixed with the heat transfer surfaces of this intermediate heat exchanger (26). are meeting. During the cooled gas flow (24,25,26,27) one of the heat transfer walls It gives heat to the outside on the side. On the other side of the wall of the intermediate heat exchanger (26) gas (28) flows in the opposite direction and passes through the pre-heating process by taking this heat. in the figure The intermediate heat exchanger (26) is shown as a helically wound tube. But in practice, overheating Known heat exchanger combinations, such as straight tube or plate with transfer blades, can also be used. can be used. Naturally, there is a temperature difference for heat transfer between two fluids. should be. During this flow, the temperature of the cooled gas decreases and is at its coldest state. It gives heat (28) to the gas that has just entered the chamber to be heated. The refrigerated gas enters the chamber new heat to the heated gas, which has received a certain heat when it enters and at its highest temperature gives. For example, this intermediate heat exchanger (26) is transferred from the expansion process (23,20,24) Let's assume that the incoming gas enters with a temperature of 700 K (25). Here, the heat into the heating chamber let's count. The gas that has just entered the heating chamber also takes this heat (17) from 300 K to 670 K. Let's assume it's warmed up to temperature. A counter flow heat exchanger is made here available. In this case, in this preheating done with an intermediate heat exchanger, the heated gas is cooled. It is possible to be heated with a certain temperature difference up to a temperature close to the gas temperature. This A clear external heat input to the system is not required for the heating process. This intermediate heat of the cooled gas an end to be lowered to the lowest possible temperature after exiting the exchanger. step enters the cold heat exchanger (5). Here, heat is obtained from this gas by using a cold fluid. is taken. A cold fluid passage through a helically wound tube heat exchanger (31) in the figure (30.32) is shown. This refrigerant may be a suitable liquid or gas. for example the sea water or fresh water or ambient air refrigerant cooled in a radiator system can be used as This last stage heat exchanger is preferably also a counter flow heat exchanger. works as The cooled (33) gas comes out of here and into one of the gas passage chambers. is filling up.

Genlesme silindirindeki piston bu sogutma dolasimina gaz basarken bu hattin içinde daha önceki stroklarda basilmis gaz bulunmaktadir. Örnegin piston bu hatta gaz bastigi anda ara isi degistiricinin (25,26,27) ve son kademe soguk isi degistirici hacimlerin (5) içinde daha önceden basilmis ve belirli bir süredir disarina isi veren gaz bulunmaktadir. Örnegin pistonun (10) bir strokta bastigi gaz (23) miktarindan çok daha fazlasi mesela 100 kati gaz ara (25,26,27) ve son kademe (5) isi degistiricilerin içinde bulunmaktadir. Sogutma hattinin gazi (23) bastigi anda sogutma hattinin diger tarafindan sogutulmus gaz da aktarma odalarindan birine dolmaktadir. Gazin hareketi ve gaz geçis odasina dolmasi için pistonun silindirdeki gazi basmasi kullanilmaktadir. While the piston in the expansion cylinder presses gas into this cooling circulation, it is more in this line. previous strokes have pressed gas. For example, call this line as soon as the piston presses the gas. inside the heat exchanger (25,26,27) and the last stage cold heat exchanger volumes (5) There is a pre-pressed gas that gives off heat for a certain period of time. For example much more than the amount of gas (23) pressed by the piston (10) in one stroke, for example 100 times the gas Intermediate (25,26,27) and final stage (5) are located in the heat exchangers. of the cooling line As soon as the gas (23) is pressed, the cooled gas is also transferred from the other side of the cooling line. It fills one of its rooms. For the movement of the gas and the filling of the gas passage chamber, the piston must be gas pressure in the cylinder is used.

Sekilde birbiri ile es yapida üç adet geçis odasi (6,7,8) gösterilmistir. Bu gaz geçis odalari (6,7,8) bulus konusu motorda ayni anda üç termodinamik islemin birden kesintisiz olarak yapilabilmesi için kritik bir oynamaktadir ve daha önce tanimlanmamis yeni bir kavramdir.In the figure, three passage rooms (6,7,8) are shown in the same structure with each other. These gas passage chambers (6,7,8) in the inventive engine, three thermodynamic processes are carried out at the same time without interruption. It plays a critical role in being able to do it and it is a new concept that has not been defined before.

Gaz geçis odalari birbirleri ile es yapida oldugundan her gaz geçis odasinda ayni isi yapan subablar ayni referans numaralari ile isaretlenmistir. Sekil 2 ve Sekil 3 de 3 adet gaz geçis odasi gösterilmistir. Bu sistemin uygulamasinda asgari iki adet gaz geçis odasi olmasi gerekmektedir. Sayilari üç veya daha fazla da olabilir. Bu gaz geçis odalari her piston strogunda arka arkaya birbirleri ile görevlerini degistirmekte ve belirli bir düzene göre motorun çalismasinda süreklilik saglamaktadirlar. Bu geçis odalarina (6,7,8) gaz veren veya alan gaz yollarindaki (15,16,l9) gaz geçisleri belirli bir düzene göre gaz geçislerini baslatir Sekil 2 de genlestirme silindirindeki piston (10) yukari çikarken silindirdeki (9) gazi da tahliye (23) etmektedir. Bu gaz bir ara isi degistiriciye dogru yol (20,24) almakta ve da belirli bir seviyeye inmistir. Bu gaz süpürme sonucu bir gaz yolu (19) ile gaz geçis odalarindan birine (7) soguk gazi dolmaktadir. Genlestirme silindirinin gaz tahliye (23) subabi ile soguk gazin doldugu gaz geçis odasinin (7) soguk gaz giris subabi (11) ayni anda açiktir. Bu durumda tahliye sirasinda silindirin içindeki (9,23) basinç ile geçis odasina ile basinç düsüsü kadar bir basinç farki vardir. Bu teorideki sabit basinç altinda sogutma varsayimina yakin bir sonucun uygulamada alinabilmesini saglayacaktir. Yine gaz geçis (7)10 odasina dolan gaz hem ara isi degistiricide hem de son kademe isi degistiricide belirli bir süre kaldiktan ve belirli bir soguma yaptiktan sonra gaz geçis odasina girdigi için son kademe sogutucu akiskan sicakligina belirli bir yakinlik saglanarak sogutulmaktadir.Since the gas transition chambers are in the same structure with each other, each gas transition chamber does the same work. valves are marked with the same reference numbers. 3 gas transitions in Figure 2 and Figure 3 room is shown. In the application of this system, there should be at least two gas passage chambers. required. Their number may be three or more. These gas passage chambers are for each piston. In the strog, they change their duties with each other one after the other and according to a certain order. They provide continuity in the operation of the engine. gas to these passage chambers (6,7,8) or The gas passages in the gas paths (15, 16, l9) start the gas passages according to a certain order. In Figure 2, while the piston (10) in the expansion cylinder goes up, the gas in the cylinder (9) also goes up. evacuating (23). This gas travels to an intermediate heat exchanger (20,24) and has also fallen to a certain level. As a result of this gas scavenging, a gas passage (19) One of the rooms (7) is filled with cold gas. Expansion cylinder degassing (23) The cold gas inlet valve (11) of the gas passage chamber (7), where the cold gas is filled, is the same. is open at the moment. In this case, during the discharge, the pressure inside the cylinder (9,23) and the transition chamber There is a pressure difference as much as the pressure drop. Cooling under constant pressure in this theory It will ensure that a result close to the assumption can be obtained in practice. Again gas transition (7)10 The gas filled into the chamber has a certain amount of pressure in both the intermediate heat exchanger and the final stage heat exchanger. As it enters the gas transition chamber after a certain amount of time and cooling. The stage refrigerant is cooled by providing a certain proximity to the temperature of the fluid.

Sogutma sirasinda basinç yaklasik olarak sabit kaldigindan soguma sirasinda gazin yogunlugu artmaktadir. Örnegin silindirden tahliye (23) sirasinda gazin 600 K sicaklik 10 bar basinç altinda ve 2 lt = 0.002 m2 hacimde oldugunu var sayalim. Aktarma odasina (7) da ayni kütlede gazin girdigini (34) fakat basincin `10 bar olmakla beraber sicakligin 300 K ne düstügünü var sayalim. Bu durumda aktarma odasina giren gazin (34) hacmi de yariya düsecek yani 1 lt olacaktir. Bu gaz geçis odasina (7) soguk gaz (34) doldugu anda bu gaz geçis odasinin giris subabi (11) kapanmaktadir. Ayni sirada piston (10) üst ölü noktaya çikmis ve silindirin tahliye subabi da kapanmistir. Eger tek genlesme silindiri kullaniliyor Uygulamada sik durma tekrar baslama seklinde bir akis bu sogutma hattinda belirli bir basinç dalgalanmasina neden olacaktir. Sogutma hattinin içinde sürekli gaz olacagindan sogutma islemi de sürekli olarak devam edecektir. Since the pressure remains approximately constant during cooling, the gas density is increasing. For example, during the discharge from the cylinder (23) the gas is at a temperature of 600 K 10 Let's assume that it is under 2 bar pressure and has a volume of 2 lt = 0.002 m2. To the transfer room (7) that the same mass of gas enters (34) but the pressure is `10 bar but the temperature is 300 K. Let's count what happened. In this case, the volume of gas (34) entering the transfer chamber is also halved. will fall, that is, it will be 1 lt. As soon as cold gas (34) is filled into this gas passage chamber (7), this gas The entrance valve (11) of the transition chamber is closed. At the same time, the piston (10) reaches the top dead center. out and the discharge valve of the cylinder is also closed. If a single expansion cylinder is used In practice, a flow in the form of frequent stops and restarts occurs in this cooling line. will cause a pressure surge. Since there will always be gas in the cooling line The cooling process will also continue continuously.

Sekil 2 bir sicak ver basinçli gaz ihtiva eden isitma haznesi (4) gösterilmistir. Bu haznedeki (4) gaz sürekli olarak sicakligi gaz sicakligindan daha yüksek cidarlar (26,37) ile temas etmekte ve isi almaktadir. Baska bir ifade ile bu haznedeki gazin isitilmasinda herhangi bir kesinti olmamaktadir. Gazin isitilmasi için iki adet isi degistirici (26,37) gösterilmistir. Bu haznedeki (4) gaz miktari da her genlesme strogunda genlestirilen ve daha sonra silindirden tahliye edilen gaz miktarindan çok daha fazlasini almaktadir. Örnegin her strokta silindirde (9,10) 10 gr gazin genlestirildigini ve sonra silindirden sogutma hattina (23) basilarak tahliye edildigini var sayalim. Böyle bir durumda isitma haznesinde örnegin birkaç kilogram gibi bir gaz kütlesi bulunacaktir. Bu sekilde isitma haznesinin soguk gaz girislinden giren bir gaz kütlesi birkaç yüz genlesme ve tahliye strogu boyunca sürekli olarak sicak isi transfer yüzeylerine temas edecek sürekli olarak isitilacaktir. Figure 2 shows the heating chamber (4) containing a hot and compressed gas. in this chamber (4) the gas is constantly in contact with walls (26.37) whose temperature is higher than the gas temperature and takes the heat. In other words, in heating the gas in this chamber, there is no there is no interruption. Two heat exchangers (26.37) are shown for heating the gas. This The amount of gas in the chamber (4) is also expanded at each expansion stroke and then released from the cylinder. it takes much more than the amount of gas discharged. For example, in each stroke cylinder (9,10) Expand 10 g of gas and then press the cooling line (23) from the cylinder. Let's assume you've been evacuated. In such a case, for example, several There will be a mass of gas such as kilograms. In this way, the cold gas of the heating chamber A gas mass entering through the inlet is continuous throughout several hundred expansion and relief strokes. As a result, it will be heated continuously by contacting the hot heat transfer surfaces.

Sekil 2 de önceki strokta içine soguk gaz doldurulmus olan bir gaz geçis odalari (6,8) bulunmaktadir. Isitma haznelerinin içine doldurulan (19) soguk gazin basinci ve sicakligi isitma haznesinin (4) içindeki gazin basinç ve sicakliginin çok altindadir. Fakat prensip olarak gaz geçis odasina doldurulan (34) soguk gazin yogunlugu ile isitma haznesindeki sicak ve basinçli gazin yogunlugu aynidir. Örnegin geçis odalarina (19) doldurulan soguk sayalim. Isitma haznesindeki gazin da yogunlugunun 10 kg/m3 sicakliginin 900 K ve basincinin da 30 bar oldugunu var sayalim. In Figure 2, a gas passage chambers filled with cold gas in the previous stroke (6,8) are available. Pressure and temperature of the cold gas (19) filled into the heating chambers It is far below the pressure and temperature of the gas inside the heating chamber (4). But the principle The density of the cold gas (34) filled in the gas transition chamber as a The density of hot and pressurized gas is the same. For example, the cold filled passage rooms (19) let's count. The density of the gas in the heating chamber is 10 kg/m3 at 900 K and Let's assume that the pressure is also 30 bar.

Her çevrimde bir gaz geçis odasina soguk gaz doldurulmakta (19) ve soguk gaz girisi (11) kapatilmaktadir. Ardindan gaz geçis odasindaki (6,8) gaz isitma haznesinin (4) soguk gaz girisine (17) aktarilir (15) ve isitma haznesi çikisindaki (18) isitma islemi tamamlanmis sicak ve basinçli gaz geçis odalarina (6,8) aktarilir (16). Bu amaçla gaz geçis odalari (6,8) ile isitma haznesi (4) arasinda iki gaz yolu birden (15,16) ayni anda açilir. Subablar (13,14) açilana kadar gaz geçis odalarindaki (6,8) basinç isitma haznesindeki (4) basincin çok altindadir. Bu subablarin (13,14) ve gaz geçis yollarinin (15,16) ikisinin birden açilmasi ile bu gaz geçis odalari (6,8) ile isitma haznesi (4) arasinda basinç esitlenir. Gaz geçis odalarindaki (6,8) soguk gaz zorlanmis dolasim (15,35) ile isitma haznesinin soguk gaz girisine (17) doldurulur. Bu amaçla gaz geçis yolu üzerine bir dolasim pompasi (35) konulabilir. Veya baska bir zorlanmis dolasim yöntemi de kullanilabilir. Geçis odalarindaki (6,8) gazin yerine de isitma haznesinin (4) sicak gaz (18) çikisindaki belirli bir sicakliga ulasmis gaz (40) geçer. Yani geçis odalarindaki (6,8) soguk gaz (15) ile isitma haznesindeki (4) sicak ve basinçli gaz kütleleri karsilikli olarak yer degistirmis (16) olur. Ardindan geçis kapanir. Bu sekilde isitmanin sürekli olarak yapildigi bir sistem saglanmis olur. In each cycle, cold gas is filled into a gas passage chamber (19) and the cold gas inlet (11) is being closed. Then, the cold gas chamber of the gas heating chamber (4) in the gas transition chamber (6.8) transferred to the inlet (17) (15) and the heating process at the outlet (18) of the heating chamber is completed. It is transferred to hot and pressurized gas transition chambers (6,8) (16). For this purpose, gas passage chambers (6,8) Two gas paths (15, 16) are opened at the same time between the heating chamber (4) and the heating chamber (4). Valves (13,14) the pressure in the gas passage chambers (6,8) until the pressure in the heating chamber (4) is too high. is below. With the opening of both of these valves (13,14) and gas passageways (15,16). The pressure is equalized between these gas passage chambers (6,8) and the heating chamber (4). gas pass The cold gas in the heating chamber (6.8) with forced circulation (15.35) input (17) is filled in. For this purpose, a circulation pump (35) is installed on the gas passageway. can be placed. Or another forced circulation method may also be used. in the passage rooms (6.8) instead of gas, it is necessary to reach a certain temperature at the hot gas (18) outlet of the heating chamber (4). reached gas (40) passes. That is, the cold gas (15) in the transition chambers (6,8) and the heating chamber (4) hot and pressurized gas masses are mutually displaced (16). then pass turns off. In this way, a system in which heating is done continuously is provided.

Sekilde ayni anda iki adet gaz geçis odasi (6,8) ile isitma haznesi arasinda karsilikli gaz degisimleri gösterilmistir. Iki veya daha fazla gaz geçis odasindaki gazlar ile isitma haznesi arasinda yer degisiminin su faydasi vardir. Bu sekilde gazlarin yer degisimi için daha uzun süre kullanabilmek imkani dogar. Uygulamada bu gaz geçis odalarindan birisi ile isitma haznesi arasinda gaz geçisi daha erken açilmasi digerinin daha geç açilmasi seklinde yapilabilir. Bu durumda gaz geçis hazneleri ile isitma haznesi arasinda gazlarin yer degisimi için süre daha uzun tutulmus olacaktir. Ayni anda 3 veya daha fazla sayida gaz geçis odasi ile isitma haznesi arasinda gaz geçisi de yapilabilir. In the figure, there is a mutual gas exchange between two gas passage chambers (6.8) and the heating chamber at the same time. changes are shown. Heating chamber with gases in two or more gas passage chambers There is a water benefit of relocating between them. In this way, it takes longer time for the gases to be displaced. it is possible to use time. In practice, heating with one of these gas transition chambers in the form of earlier opening of the gas passage between the chamber and the other opening later can be done. In this case, the exchange of gases between the gas passage chambers and the heating chamber the time will be longer. 3 or more gas passage chambers at the same time It is also possible to pass gas between the heating chamber and the heating chamber.

Sekil 2 de gösterilen gaz akislari tamamlandiginda gaz geçis haznesine (6) sicak ve basinçli gaz doldurulmus ve isitma haznesi (4) ile aradaki gaz akislari (15,16) ve subaplari (13,14) kapatilmistir. Isitma haznesinden (4) çikan (18) sicak gazin yerine ayni kütlede isitilacak soguk gaz (17) doldurulmus olur. Bu sekilde isitma haznesindeki gazin toplam kütlesi ve isitilan gazin özkütlesi de sabit kalmis olur.When the gas flows shown in Figure 2 are completed, the gas passage chamber (6) is hot and pressurized. gas-filled and the heating chamber (4) and the gas flows (15,16) and its valves (13,14) has been closed. Instead of the hot gas (18) coming out of the heating chamber (4), it will be heated in the same mass. the cold gas (17) is filled. In this way, the total mass of the gas in the heating chamber and The density of the heated gas also remains constant.

Sekil 2 de gösterilen islemler tamamlandigi anda bir isitma haznesine (7) soguk gaz (34) doldurulmus (19) ve hazne giris subabi (11) kapatilmistir. Bunun ardindan gelecek strokta içine soguk gaz doldurulmus olan geçis haznesindeki (7) gaz ile isitma haznesi (4) gaz arasinda karsilikli yer degisimi yaptirilacaktir. Gaz geçis odalarina (6,7,8) gazi veren gaz odalarinin çevriindeki rolleri de arka arkaya belirli bir düzen içinde degismektedir. Içine soguk gaz doldurulan geçis odasi bir sonraki çevrimde içindeki gazi isitma haznesine vermekte ve isitma haznesindeki sicak basinçli gazi da içine almaktadir. Bunun ardindan gelen çevrimde ise ayni haznedeki sicak ve basinçli gaz genlestirilerek güç elde edilmektedir. Ardindan gelen çevrimde ise ayni gaz geçis odasina tekrar soguk gaz doldurulmakta ve yukaridaki çevrim adimlari tekrarlanmaktadir. As soon as the operations shown in Figure 2 are completed, cold gas (34) is injected into a heating chamber (7). filled (19) and the chamber inlet valve (11) is closed. On the next stroke The gas in the transition chamber (7), in which cold gas is filled, and the gas in the heating chamber (4) There will be a reciprocal exchange between them. The gas that gives gas to the gas passage chambers (6,7,8) their roles around the rooms also change one after the other in a certain order. Into The cold gas filled transition chamber is transferred to the gas heating chamber in the next cycle. and it also includes the hot pressurized gas in the heating chamber. after that In the incoming cycle, power is obtained by expanding the hot and pressurized gas in the same chamber. is being done. In the following cycle, cold gas is re-entered into the same gas transition chamber. is filled in and the above cycle steps are repeated.

Sekil 3 de ayni sistemin gazin genlestirilmesi ile güç elde edilmesi sirasinda çalismasi sematik olarak gösterilmektedir. Bu sirada piston (10) üst ölü noktadan alt ölü noktaya dogru inis hareketine baslamistir. Bu sirada silindirden disari gaz tahliye (20) yolu subabi kapanmistir. Onun yerine gaz aktarma haznelerinden sicak ve basinçli gazi silindire ileten gaz yolu (21,36) açilmistir. Bu gaz yolu (21) sira ile hangi geçis haznesinin genlestirmeye sicak ve basinçli gaz verme sirasi gelmis ise ondan gaz almaktadir. Yukarida ifade edildigi gibi bir önceki strokta bir gaz geçis odasina (6) isitma haznesindeki sicak ve basinçli gaz doldurulmustur. Sekil 3 de bu geçis haznesindeki sicak ve basinçli gazin silindire tasinmasi ve bununla güç elde edilmesi gösterilmektedir. Bu suretle güç pistonu (10) basinçli gaz tarafindan asagi dogru itilmektedir. Sekli karisiklastirmamak için gösterilmemis olan bir krank biyel mekanizmasi ile asagi dogru itilen piston krank milini döndürmektedir.In Figure 3, the operation of the same system during the generation of power by the expansion of the gas displayed schematically. Meanwhile, the piston (10) moves from top dead center to bottom dead center. has started the correct landing movement. At this time, the gas discharge (20) way valve out of the cylinder is closed. Instead, it transmits hot and pressurized gas from the gas transfer chambers to the cylinder. gas path (21,36) is opened. This gas path (21) in turn depends on which transition chamber to expand. If it is time to give hot and pressurized gas, it takes gas from it. As stated above hot and pressurized gas in the heating chamber (6) into a gas passage chamber (6) in the previous stroke. has been filled. Conveying the hot and pressurized gas in this transition chamber to the cylinder in Figure 3 and power generation with it is shown. In this way, the power piston (10) being pushed down by it. In order not to confuse the shape, it is not shown. The piston pushed down by the crank connecting rod mechanism rotates the crankshaft.

Uygulamada birden çok sayida örnegin iki veya daha fazla sayida silindir kullanilabilir. Bu durumda her silindir için iki veya daha fazla sayida gaz aktarma odasi kullanilacaktir.Multiple cylinders, for example two or more, may be used in practice. This In this case, two or more gas transfer chambers will be used for each cylinder.

Piston (10) asagi inene ve genlesme strogu bitene kadar genlestirine gaz yolu (21) açik kalir ve silindire gaz (36) dolar. Bu arada da bosalan gaz odasinin (6) basinci ortam basincina düsmüs olur. Bu arada Sekil 3 de iki adet gaz geçis odasi (7,8) ile isitma haznesi (4) arasinda da gaz yer degisiminin (15,16) devain ettigi görülmektedir. Piston (10) alt ölü noktaya ulastiktan sonra tekrar Sekil 2 de gösterilen çalisma düzenine geçisir. Silindirde kalan gaz sogutma hattina verilir ve sogutma hattinin çikisindaki soguk gaz ise bosalan gaz geçis haznesine doldurulur. Sekil 3 de bir gaz genlestirme odasinin (8) isitma haznesi ile arasindaki karsilikli gaz yer degisiminin devam ettigi gösterilmektedir. Sekil 3 de ayrica baska bir gaz geçis odasi ile isitma haznesi arasinda gaz yer degisiminin daha yapilmakta oldugu gösterilmektedir. Bu önceki çevrimde içine soguk gaz (19) doldurulmus olan gaz geçis odasidir (8). Bundan sonra yapilacak strokta ise içine sicak basinçli gaz doldurulmakta olan gaz geçis odasindaki (8) gaz genlestirilecektir. Bu strokta içindeki gaz bosalan gaz geçis odasina (6) ise gelecek strokta soguk gaz girisi (19) verilecektir. The gas path (21) remains open until the piston (10) goes down and the expansion stroke is exhausted. and gas (36) fills the cylinder. Meanwhile, the pressure of the emptied gas chamber (6) is adjusted to the ambient pressure. it will fall. Meanwhile, in Figure 3, there are two gas passage chambers (7,8) and the heating chamber (4). It is seen that the gas displacement (15,16) continues between Piston (10) bottom dead After reaching the point, it switches back to the working order shown in Figure 2. in cylinder The remaining gas is given to the cooling line and the cold gas at the outlet of the cooling line is the discharged gas. filled into the transition chamber. Figure 3 shows a gas expansion chamber (8) with a heating chamber. It is shown that the reciprocal gas exchange between the two continues. Also in Figure 3 gas exchange between another gas passage chamber and the heating chamber is still being made. is shown. Gas that was filled with cold gas (19) in this previous cycle is the transition room (8). In the next stroke, hot pressurized gas The gas in the gas passage chamber (8) being filled will be expanded. The gas in this stroke cold gas inlet (19) will be given to the emptied gas passage chamber (6) in the next stroke.

Uygulamada tek silindir piston takimi (9,10) degil birden çok silindir piston takimi kullanilacagindan her silindir tahliyesinde bu sogutma hattina sicak gaz (23) verilecek ve sogutma hattinin sonundaki soguk gaz da bir gaz geçis odasina doldurulup (34) bu oda girisi (1 l) kapatilacaktir. Sekil 2 ve 3 de tek bir genlestirme ünitesi gösterilmis olmasina ragmen uygulamada tercihen birden çok genlestirme ünitesi kullanilacaktir. Bu durumda bir genlestirme ünitesinde gaz genlestirilir ilen baska bir genlestirme ünitesinde ise genlestirilmis gaz sogutma isi degistiricilerine basilacaktir. Yani ayni anda hem Sekil 2 ve hem de Sekil 3 deki islemler gerçeklestirilecektir. Bu durumda gaz aktarma odalarinin sayisi da 3 veya daha fazla olabilir. Gaz genlestirme ünitesi olarak sekillerde silindir piston takimlari gösterilmistir. Fakat bunlarin yerine bilinen herhangi baska bir gaz genlestirme sistemi de kullanilabilir. Örnegin bir döner pistonlu gaz genlestirme ünitesi de kullanilabilir. In practice, not a single cylinder piston set (9,10), but multiple cylinder piston sets Since it will be used, hot gas (23) will be supplied to this cooling line at each cylinder discharge and The cold gas at the end of the cooling line is also filled into a gas transition chamber (34) and this chamber inlet. (1 l) will be closed. Although a single expansion unit is shown in figures 2 and 3, In practice, preferably more than one expansion unit will be used. In this case a In another expansion unit, the gas is expanded in the expansion unit. The expanded gas will be pressed into the cooling heat exchangers. That is, both Figure 2 and and the operations in Figure 3 will be performed. In this case, the gas transfer chambers The number can be 3 or more. Cylinder piston in figures as gas expansion unit sets are shown. But instead of any other known gas expansion system can also be used. For example, a rotary piston gas expansion unit can also be used.

Bulusta sunulan sistemin bir geri beslemeli otomatik kontrol sistemi olacaktir. Sisteme disaridan talep edilen mil momenti, devir sayisi bildirilecektir. Sistemden talep edilen güç, moment ve devir sayisi karakteristiklerine göre sisteme isi girisi ve gaz akis subab açilma kapanma zamanlamalarina kumanda edilecektir. Bu sekilde sistemin anlik olarak çalisma karakteristikleri ayarlanacaktir. The system presented in the invention will have a feedback automatic control system. to the system The external requested spindle torque, number of revolutions will be reported. The power demanded from the system, Heat input to the system and gas flow valve opening according to torque and speed characteristics shutdown timings will be controlled. In this way, the instantaneous operation of the system characteristics will be set.

Bulus ile sunulan sistemde dogrudan hava kullanmak ve isi kaynagi olarak da bu havanin içinde bir yanma olinasini saglamak da mümkündür. Bu durumda Sekil 2 ve 3 de gösterilen sistemlerde soguk gaz girisi dogrudan açik ortamdan alinan hava olmaktadir. Son kademe sogutucu (5) bulunmamakta onun yerine dogrudan açik dis ortamdan alinan hava (19) gaz geçis odalarina (6,7,8) alinmaktadir. Isitma haznesinde (4) ise sürekli yakit verilmekte ve içeri alinan hava içinde yanma yapilarak sicaklik ve basinç arttirilmaktadir. Bu sistemde atik isilar da benzer bir kapali çevrimli sistemde tekrar güç elde edilmesinde kullanilabilir. Örnegin hava ve yanma ile çalisan bir açik sistem ve bunun isisini kullanan bir kapali sistem kombinasyonu yapilir. Bu durumda Sekil 2 ve Sekil 3 de gösterilen sistemde gaz isitma haznesinde gazi isitmak için içine yakit verilip yanma yapilir. Bu durumda sistemde dolasan gaz hava olacaktir. Tercihen yine genlesme sonrasi gazda kalan atik isi ile bu havanin ön isitmasi yapilacaktir. Bu amaçla ara isi degistirici (26) yine kullanilacaktir. Genellikle gaz veya sivi yakitin yanma sicakligi 2100 K civarindadir. Sistem sikistirmasiz çalismasi durumunda gazin örnegin 300 K ortam sicakligindan 2100 K sicakliga sabit hacimde çikartilmasi söz konusudur. Bu da yine teorik olarak sabit hacimde isitma durumunda basincin kabaca 7 kat gibi artmasi söz konusudur. sicakliga çikartmak istenir. Sekilde son kademe sicak isi degistirici (37) gösterilmistir. Bu isi degistiricide (37) gazi isitma için isi degistiricinin metal cidarinin (37) bir tarafinda isitilacak gaz diger tarafinda da bir isitici akiskan veya baska bir isi giris kaynagi bulunur.Using air directly in the system presented with the invention and using this air as a heat source It is also possible to provide a combustion in it. In this case, as shown in Figures 2 and 3. In systems, the cold gas inlet is the air taken directly from the open environment. final stage There is no cooler (5), instead it is air (19) gas taken directly from the open outdoor environment. It is taken to the transition rooms (6,7,8). In the heating chamber (4), fuel is supplied continuously and The temperature and pressure are increased by burning in the air taken in. waste in this system Heat can also be used to regenerate power in a similar closed-loop system. For example, an open system working with air and combustion and a closed system using its heat combination is made. In this case, gas heating in the system shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 In order to heat the gas in its chamber, fuel is given and combustion is made. In this case, you wander through the system gas will be air. Preferably, with the waste heat remaining in the gas after expansion, this air is will be heated. For this purpose, the intermediate heat exchanger (26) will be used again. Usually gas or the combustion temperature of liquid fuel is around 2100 K. System uncompressed operation In the case of gas, for example, from an ambient temperature of 300 K to a temperature of 2100 K, a constant volume there is removal. This is also theoretically in the case of constant volume heating. there is an increase in the pressure roughly 7 times. it is desired to bring it to the temperature. The final stage hot heat exchanger (37) is shown in the figure. This job on one side of the metal wall (37) of the heat exchanger for gas heating in the exchanger (37) On the other side of the gas to be heated, there is a heating fluid or another heat input source.

Bu örnegin gaz, sivi veya kati herhangi bir yakitin yanmasi ile elde edilen sicak gaz olabilir. Örnegin bir yanma odasindan gelen hava ile yakitin yanmasi ile ortaya çikan sicak gaz bu isi degistirici (37) girisinden (38) verilebilir. lsisini isitilacak gaza (28,40) aktardiktan sonra da sogumus olarak disari (3 9) çikar. For example, the gas may be the hot gas obtained by the combustion of any liquid or solid fuel. For example, the hot gas that comes out of the combustion of fuel with the air coming from a combustion chamber, this heat can be given from the modifier (37) input (38). After transferring its heat to the gas (28,40) to be heated, comes out (3 9) cooled.

Uygulamada bu sekilde gösterilen sistemin tamami sekilde gösterilmeyen bir basinçli haznenin içinde çalisacaktir. Bu haznenin içinde belirli bir basinçta gaz bulunmaktadir. Bu haznenin dis ortam ile arasinda bir basinçli gaz izolasyonu yapilmistir. The entire system shown in this figure in practice is a pressure gauge not shown in the figure. it will work inside the chamber. There is gas at a certain pressure inside this chamber. This A pressurized gas insulation is made between the chamber and the outside environment.

Burada Sekil 2, 3 de gaz geçis odalari veya tüpleri ve kapali isitma haznesi kullanmanin neden kritik bir önem tasidigini vurgulamak gerekmektedir. Teknigin bilinen durumunda gazi isitmak için bir alternatif açik isitma odasi veya açik yanma odasi kullanmaktir. Örnegin açik yanma odasi 20 bar basinçta gaz varsa havayi yanma odasina sokmak için 20 bar basincin üzerine kadar sikistirmak zorunlulugu vardir. Bu durumda örnegin ortamdan alinan 1 bar basinçtaki hava 20 bar basinca kadar sikistirilir ve bu arada öneinli ölçüde de isinir. Yanma odasina bu sikistirilmis hava verilir yakit püskürtülür yanma gerçeklestirilir.Here, Figures 2, 3 show the advantages of using gas passage chambers or tubes and a closed heating chamber. It is necessary to emphasize why it is of critical importance. state of the art An alternative to heat the gas is to use an open heating chamber or an open combustion chamber. For example, if there is gas at a pressure of 20 bar in the open combustion chamber, 20 bar is used to introduce the air into the combustion chamber. There is an obligation to compress it up to the bar pressure. In this case, for example The air at a pressure of 1 bar is compressed up to a pressure of 20 bar, and in the meantime, it is significantly gets angry. This compressed air is given to the combustion chamber, the fuel is sprayed and the combustion takes place.

Bu açik yanma odasinda yanma sonunda basinç degismez fakat gazin sicakligi ve hacmi artar. Bu 20 bar basinçtaki sicak gaz türbinde tekrar açik hava basincina yani 1 bara genlestirilerek güç elde edilir. Bu da sikistirma islemine büyük bir güç harcaninasina neden olur. Sonuçta da çevrimden saglanacak gücün önemli kismini bu gazi yanma odasina sokacak kadar sikistirmaya harcamak zorunlulugu ortaya çikar. Türbinde elde edilen gücün önemli bir kismi da kompresörde sikistirma islemine harcanir. Böyle bir çevrimde çok yüksek sicakliklar olmasina ragmen verim Carnot çevriminin çok altinda kalir. Bu bilinen Brayton çevrimine göre çalisan açik yanma odali gaz türbinlerinde karsilasilan durumdur. In this open combustion chamber, the pressure does not change at the end of combustion, but the temperature and volume of the gas increases. In this hot gas turbine at 20 bar pressure, it is returned to open air pressure, ie 1 bar. power is obtained by expanding. This causes a great deal of power to be spent on the compression process. It is possible. As a result, a significant part of the power to be provided from the cycle is transferred to this gas combustion chamber. The necessity of spending enough to compress it arises. The power generated in the turbine An important part of it is spent on the compression process in the compressor. In such a cycle despite high temperatures, the efficiency remains well below the Carnot cycle. It is known This is the situation encountered in gas turbines with open combustion chambers operating according to the Brayton cycle.

Teknigin bilinen durumunda diger bir alternatif ise kapali yanma odasi veya isitma haznesi kullanmaktir. Burada yanma odasinin veya isitina haznesinin her seferinde bosalmasi ve tekrar dolmasi söz konusudur. Örnegin pistonlu motorda açik ortamdan alinan hava 1 bar basinçtan 20 bar basinca sikistirilir. Bu sirada gazin basinci ile beraber sicakligi da artar.In the state of the art, another alternative is a closed combustion chamber or heating chamber. is to use. Here, the combustion chamber or the heating chamber is emptied each time and there is a refill. For example, the air taken from the open environment in a piston engine is 1 bar. It is compressed from pressure to 20 bar pressure. Meanwhile, the temperature of the gas increases with the pressure.

Piston silindir içinde üst ölü nokta civarina vardiginda ve sikistirma tamainlandiginda yakit püskürtülür veya atesleme yapilir. Gazin sicakligi ve basinci hizla artar. Örnegin 20 bar ve 600 K den kapali sabit hacimde yanma sonucu gaz 60 bar ve 1800 K e çikar. Kisaca kapali yanma odali bir çevrim kullanildiginda gazin yanma odasi azami basincindan çok daha az bir sicakliga sikistirilmasi ve sikistirma islemine çok daha az güç harcanmasi mümkündür.When the piston reaches the top dead center in the cylinder and compression is complete, the fuel sprayed or fired. The temperature and pressure of the gas increase rapidly. For example 20 bar and As a result of burning at a constant volume of 600 K, the gas rises to 60 bar and 1800 K. briefly off much less than the maximum combustion chamber pressure of the gas when using a cycle with a combustion chamber It is possible to compress it to a temperature and use much less power on the compression process.

Bu sekilde kapali yanma odasi kullanildiginda sikistirma islemine harcanan güç de açik yanina odali bir sisteme göre çok daha azdir. Fakat böyle bir kapali yanma odali sistem uygulamada yalniz içten yanmali motorlarda verimli sekilde kullanilabilmektedir. Bunun nedeni ise bir yanma veya isinma odasinda milisaniyeler içinde isinmanin yalniz havanin içinde yakit yanmasi durumunda saglanabilmesidir. Bu da uygulamada Otto ve Diesel çevrimine göre çalisan pistonlu motorlarda saglanabilmektedir. Bu motorlarda da yanma sirasinda 2000 C gibi sicakliklar oldugundan sogutma yapilmak zorunlulugu vardir. Yakitin enerjisinin önemli kismi sogutma ile alinmasi ve ortama atilmasi zorunlu olmaktadir. Yine enerjinin önemli kismi da egsoz gazindaki atik isi olarak ortama atilmaktadir ve bunun genel olarak kazanimi söz konusu degildir. Teknigin bilinen durumunda Stirling motorlari da bilinen içten yanmali pistonlu motor sistemi ile isletilmeye çalisilmistir. Bir gaz kütlesini temas ettigi cidarlar araciligi ile disaridan milisaniyeler içinde etkin hizli bir isinma saglamak mümkün olmamistir. In this way, when the closed combustion chamber is used, the power spent on the compression process is also on. It is much less than a system with adjacent rooms. But such a closed combustion chamber system In practice, it can only be used efficiently in internal combustion engines. This The reason is that in a combustion or heating chamber, heating in milliseconds is achieved by using only air. It can be provided in case of fuel burning inside. This is also in practice Otto and Diesel It can be provided in reciprocating engines operating according to the cycle. combustion in these engines. Since there are temperatures such as 2000 C during the period, cooling is mandatory. your fuel A significant part of the energy must be taken by cooling and thrown into the environment. Still An important part of the energy is thrown into the environment as waste heat in the exhaust gas and its general as a gain was not in question. In the state of the art, Stirling engines are also It has been tried to be operated with the known internal combustion piston engine system. a mass of gas an effective and rapid warming in milliseconds from outside by means of the walls it comes into contact with. it was not possible to provide.

Bu bulusta tanimlanan sistemde bir geri beslemeli otomatik kontrol sistemi gazin sicaklik basinç hiz gibi parametrelerini çesitli yerlerden ölçecektir. Sistemden talep edilen güç karakteristiklerine göre sisteme isi girisi ve gaz akis zainanlamalari gibi çikis parametrelerine kumanda edilecektir. Bu sekilde istenilen güç, moment ve devir sayisi saglanacaktir. - 32:53 Q in\ W ou'r 1 \ P1=P3 Q OUT In the system described in this invention, a feedback automatic control system It will measure parameters such as pressure velocity from various places. Power demanded from the system according to the characteristics of the system, such as heat input and gas flow timing parameters will be controlled. In this way, the desired power, torque and number of revolutions will be provided. - 32:53 Q in\ Wou'r 1 \ P1=P3 Q OUT

Claims

REQUESTS:

l. It is a power conversion method, which provides mechanical energy from heat energy, uses a gas as a working fluid in the cycle, and consists of three successive thermodynamic cycle steps of increasing the temperature and pressure by heating the gas, generating power by expanding it, and bringing it to pre-heating conditions by cooling. - using more than one coherent gas transfer chamber (6,7,8) and at least one heating chamber (4) in it, - the gas in the heating chamber (4) continuously reaches the Walls (26.37) at a higher temperature than this gas In this way, the temperature and pressure of the gas is restored by applying a continuous heating process to the gas, - a certain mass of gas (33) is taken into the gas transfer chamber (33) and then this gas inlet (1 l) is closed, - lower in the gas transfer chamber than in the heating chamber Obtaining gas at temperature and pressure, - opening two gas paths (15,16) between the gas transfer chamber and the heating chamber, transferring the gas in the gas transfer chamber to the cold gas inlet of the heating chamber (15) and simultaneously transferring the gas at the hot gas outlet of the heating chamber to the gas Closing these two gas paths (15,16) after being taken into the chamber (16), - obtaining gas with increased pressure and temperature by heating in the heating chamber in the gas transfer chamber, - this gas is passed through the transfer chamber It is characterized by the steps of expanding the gas in the gas transfer chamber and obtaining power by opening a gas path between the brewing unit.

2. It is a power conversion method as in Claim 1 and its feature is; - the volume of the heating chamber (4) is greater than the volume of the gas transfer chambers (15, 16, 17), - a larger mass of gas (16) transferred from one of the gas transfer chambers (15, 16, 17) to the heating chamber (4) at a time It is characterized by the steps of subjecting the gas mass to a continuous heating process in the heating chamber (4).

It is a power conversion method as in Claim 1 and its feature is; - Before the gas passages (15,16) between the gas transfer chamber (6) and the heating chamber (4) are opened, the gases in both chambers (4,6) must be of equal specific volume, however, the temperature and pressure of the gas in the heating chamber (4) must be in the transfer chamber. (6) the temperature and pressure of the gas being higher, -the gas in the gas transfer chamber is given to the heating chamber and instead a gas mass of the same mass but with a higher temperature and pressure is filled into the gas transfer chamber, -during the exchange of these gases with each other, constant specificity in the gas transfer preparation It is characterized by the steps of obtaining an increased gas mass in direct proportion to the pressure temperature by heating it in the volume, - obtaining power by giving this gas in the gas transfer chamber to the development.

4. It is a power conversion method as in Claim 1 and its feature is; - making an exchange between the gas in at least one of the gas transfer chambers (6,7,8) and the gas masses at higher pressure and temperature in the heating chamber (4), -continuing the heating of the gas in the heating chamber (4) at the same time, -simultaneously to another Filling the expanded and then cooled (19) gas into a gas transfer chamber, -expansion of the gas in another transfer chamber in the same region by transferring it to the expansion unit, -increasing the pressure by heating the gas at a constant volume, and obtaining power together by expanding the gas whose pressure has been increased by heating it in this way. It is characterized by continuous and continuous steps.

It is a power conversion method as in Claim 1 or 4, and its feature is; -the gas transfer preparations (6,7,8) changing their functions according to a certain working order in each repeated cycle, -the filling of the gas (19) coming from the cold heat exchanger (5) in a gas transfer chamber in one cycle (34) and then this -Closing the gas inlet (11), -taking the heated and pressure-increased gas from the gas heating chamber instead of giving the same gas transfer chamber to the heating preparation in the next cycle,-giving the same gas transfer chamber to the heated and pressure-increased gas in the following cycle, -giving the expansion unit It is characterized by the steps of filling the gas (19) coming from the cold heat exchanger (5) in the cycle following the same gas transfer chamber (34) and continuing the same process steps in the same way.

6. It is a power conversion method as in Claim 1 and its feature is; -to use an intermediate heat exchanger (26) in which the gas coming out of the expansion process is cooled and the heat taken from this gas is used to heat the gas in the heating chamber, -to increase the temperature of the gas in the heating chamber (4) up to a certain temperature by using the heat given by the cooled gas, -then heat the gas to hot It is characterized by the steps of bringing it up to the exit (18) temperature from the heating chamber (4) by using another heat exchanger (37) and increasing the efficiency of the cycle by reducing the net heat input from the outside to the cycle used for heating the gas in the heating chamber (4).

7. It is a power conversion method as in Claim 1 or 6, and its feature is; - the intermediate heat exchanger (26) is characterized as a counter flow heat exchanger in which the heated (28) and cooled (24) gases are flowed in opposite directions on both sides of a heat exchanger wall (26).

8. Request is a power conversion method as in 1 or 6, and its feature is; - using a heat exchanger in which a heating fluid is circulated in a closed pipe (37) placed inside the heating chamber (4) to heat the gas in the chamber (28.40), -the flow direction of the heating fluid (38.39) is the flow of the gas heated in the chamber (28.40). ,40) is the opposite direction, -the gas is characterized by the steps of heating it by giving heat by the fluid (38) that has just entered the chamber at the hot chamber outlet (18) and is at its highest temperature.

9. It is a power conversion method as in Claim 1 and its feature is; -the gas in the heating chamber (4) is supplied with a forced flow to a closed pipe placed outside the chamber, -the temperature of this closed pipe is in a higher heating environment than the gas temperature, -the temperature of the gas is increased as it moves through the boom in this heating medium, -this heater pipe It is characterized by the steps of taking the gas with increased temperature at the outlet into the transfer chamber.

10. It is a power conversion method as in Claim 1 and its feature is; - the gas coming out of the expansion process is cooled in a chamber (5) whose inlet (29) and outlet (33) are open at the same time, -the volume of this cooling chamber (5) is taken more than the gas mass expanded in one cycle, -in this cooling chamber (5) The cooling of the gas by contacting the walls (31) whose temperature is lower than the gas temperature, - for a longer period than one cycle time of the gas entering this cooling chamber (5) - the gas leaving this cooling chamber (5) in the gas transfer chambers (6,7, 8) is characterized by the steps to be filled into one.

ll. It is a power conversion method as in Claim 1 or 10 and its feature is; - cooling the gas (23) coming out of the expansion process by passing it through a cooling line consisting of two heat exchangers (26.5) one after the other, - using the heat left by the gas in the first heat exchanger (26) where the gas enters in the preheating of the heated gas (28) -this cooling It is characterized by the steps of the expanded gas (23) coming from the expansion unit to enter the gas inlet (20) of the line, -gas exiting from the outlet of this cooling line (19) to the gas transfer chambers (6,7,8), -continuing the gas cooling process uninterruptedly.

12. It is a power conversion method as in Claim 1 or 10, and its feature is; - there is a pressure difference between the gas inlet (23) pressure in the cooling line and the gas outlet (19) pressure in the cooling line, equal to the pressure loss of the gas in the line in between, - the expansion end pressure of the gas is equal to the inlet pressure of the gas transfer chamber and the pressure loss along the cooling line is characterized by.

13. It is a power conversion method as in Claim 1 and its feature is; - placing pressure and/or temperature measuring sensors on the lines where the gas flows, - changing the heat input to the system and gas flow timings according to the instantaneous desired spindle torque and speed characteristics.