SU955845A3 - Method for feeding pigs during fattening - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the feeding of pigs, especially their fattening, when they are grown in groups, and can be used in pig farms.

When growing pigs, they are usually kept in groups, with each group consisting of animals of the same age. .

The group is kept in stalls or other similar premises where animals can move freely and receive food from feeders installed in cages, that is, they are poured from 10–2–3 times to calculate each time each animal could receive the optimal amount of different food components. Usually the total amount of feed for a livestock group is calculated from .......

the age of the animal (live weight)

A group of piglets is usually falcons and given food a day. When the livestock is baked, it is important to carefully feed the feed to the group so that the average weight of the animals in this group is taken into account, taking into account the special need for beer depending on the physiological

When raising pigs, it is recommended that all individuals in the group constantly and evenly increase their weight required for slaughter, i.e. cultivation ⁵ should occur as quickly as possible with effective nutrition 11].

However, in the case when animals within the group have different ages, the time for selecting animals for slaughter increases, since part has reached the required weight, and the remaining animals of the group must continue to be fed. At the same time, to accelerate the growth of livestock, additional feed consumption and animal stay in the stall are required due to their uneven feed intake, which is caused by competition, which is very strong among animals, and their ability to compete in food depends on the social position of the group, kind and speed of food intake. Each pig, for example, in a group of pigs has its own appetite. This leads to the fact that the daily growth of livestock from animal to animal within the group is significantly reduced, since the daily weight gain of each animal is approximately proportional to the daily amount of feed consumed by the animal.

In piglets, the daily weight gain is approximately 600 g with a standard deviation of 80-90 g. 5 As a result, the total feeding time of an individual piglet within one group varies from 80 to 150 days.

Such a significant difference between animals within the same group in terms of the amount of feed intake and weight gain leads not only to an increase in the stay time of animals in the stall, to an increase in cost (cleaning and feeding, but also to a significant change in the quality of livestock.

Animals that consume more food become too fatty due to animals that consume less food, the latter are very thin and additional time is needed to feed them. The disadvantages of the known method of feeding livestock increase with increasing size. animals. . *

There is a way to separate animals during feed distribution so that each animal can eat its own portion of feed. However, this method is uneconomical. In addition, it has been proven that 30 animals lose their appetite if they are fed separately. They grow better if they eat with other animals and even if there is competition and stress. 35

These problems also apply to other animal species, such as calves and poultry.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the productivity of pigs with their group dd content.

The goal is achieved in that the distribution of feed is carried out individually for each animal in the group, and each animal is fed in equal amounts and at the same speed, which does not exceed the rate of absorption of feed by the animals most slowly chewing in the group,

Different animals eat their __ portion of food at different speeds. ⁵⁰ Studies show that when piglets are fed separately and given 6 ('kg of feed), approximately 1/3 of the animals eats their feed in less than 10 minutes, 1/3 of the animals in 10-55 minutes, and the remaining animals in 20- 30 minutes.

When animals are fed together as a whole · group, those animals that eat faster 'eat food from those who eat - 60 slower ·. It has been proven that individual animals retain this tendency _; the time of their whole life.

Moreover, competition in food between individual animals within group 65 will not be noted if you always provide the group with feeders according to the number of animals in the group, distribute an equally large amount of feed to each feeder and feed in an amount per time unit, which approximately corresponds to the rate of food consumption most slowly chewing animals. In this case, the animals will learn from experience that it is unprofitable for the quickly chewing element of the group to take food from a slowly chewing neighbor, since it will take less than it will be continuously fed into the feeder: even despite the slow feed rate. Thus, each animal will receive an equal amount of food, the growth time for a group of animals will be reduced, the digestion of food will improve, and animals of more equal quality will be fed. It is proved that the size of the group can be increased up to 100 cattle while maintaining a good result under such conditions.

However, each animal eats (its own food at a rate that changes during the meal. Animals eat much faster at the beginning of feeding and then slower and slower. If so, feed in the same amount per unit ^ time, i.e. with an average at a speed that corresponds to the time a slowly chewing animal needs to eat his portion, it may happen that animals with a good appetite will find that the feed rate is too slow and will try to take food from feeders slowly chewing on a neighbor Therefore, it is best to increase the distribution rate of food at the beginning of feeding and then gradually reduce it.According to the proposed method, the feed is fed to the feeders at a rate that corresponds to the chewing rate of the food by the slowest chewing animals during feeding. chewing neighbors when they pass · greed, even if by the end of feeding they feel that the food is being fed too slowly.

Usually animals are fed 2-3 times a day. However, in order for the animals to stand quietly near their feeder, they should be fed more often, for example 4-5 times a day. Moreover, appetite and redistribution of food improves if from time to time or from day to day to change the portion of food.

It is proved that changes in feeding contribute to an increase in growth rate and help to more evenly feed animals within the group when feeding is controlled, on the contrary, the effect is completely different if feeding is not controlled.

In order for animals to stand quietly near their feeders, it is important to generally exclude factors that interfere with the distribution of food.

One of such factors is the traditional shape of the feeders with the same sides, which forces the animals to take an inclined position with respect to the feeders; otherwise, it is difficult for the animals to reach the feed located on the front side of the feeder (under the animal's face). Animals interfere with each other, trying to reach the remnants of food (at the same time they take an inclined position) and as a result of medium there is a mess.

To implement the proposed method for feeding domestic animals, the feeders are made with a shallow side facing the animal.

The drawing shows a feeder necessary for the implementation of the method.

The feeder consists of. funnel-shaped container 1 for feed, equipped with a distribution wheel 2 / which feeds the feed at a given speed into the feeder 3. On the back side 4 there is a steep slope, which is traditional for such feeders, while the front side 5 ”facing the animal is shallow and consists of two plates 6 and 7, the lower plate forming an angle of approximately 150 ° with a horizontal bottom 8, and the upper plate. angle of approximately 135 ° with the bottom.

This form allows the animals to completely empty the feeders without difficulty), although they stand at a right angle to it. The feeder (tray) is divided by partitions 9, forming a compartment for each animal 45, and is equipped with a pipe 10 for supplying water and a valve 11 with a shutter 12, which the animal itself can move to obtain water.

The camshaft is driven during feed distribution by a continuously variable speed gear motor (not shown). Its speed can be controlled by a pre-installed speed controller (not shown) in accordance with a known method. Typically, when distributing feed, piglets do not need a special signal, because animals perceive noise from the switchgear as a signal.

! G

In other cases, for example. When feeding poultry, you may need a sound or light.

and after 14 days, kg, respectively, the difference increased by

At the beginning, the test is 39.1 kg s, and after 14 days

The proposed method and device is mainly applicable for the cultivation of animals intended for slaughter, but they can also be used for cows. In large herds, cows can be divided into groups, and a certain group of cows can first be given the main portion of the feed, which is evenly distributed among the cows of this group, and then they can be given out separate portions of the feed depending on milk yield.

The proposed method was tested for two weeks on two feeders with 8 pigs each.

Feeder 1. At the beginning of the test period, the weight was 32.1 kg with a difference of 2.88 kg, 37.0 kg and 3.21 Thus, 11.5%.

The feeder of the 2nd period with a weight difference of 2.05 kg 44.6 and 1.99 kg, respectively, the difference decreased by 2.9%.

The experimental animals had different weights at the beginning of the test, and despite this, the difference in weight increased by only 4.3%, as the average for both feeders.

In conventional animal rearing "in the group, the difference in weight is 20%. Thus, after a week's time in the experimental groups, it turned out that the animals learned to use the chosen feeding place and were taught to adapt to the established diet. During the test, the feeding device is valid for approximately 25 minutes per feeding. The behavior of animals during feeding was calm, each animal remained in its place as the feed was fed. The tension caused by the struggle during feeding was removed, and no tendency ^{to a} decrease in appetite was noticed.

Claims (2)

The invention relates to a method for feeding pigs, especially during their fattening, when they are grown in groups, and can be applied in pig farms. When grown, pigs are usually kept in groups, each group consisting of animals of the same age. The group is contained in stalls or other similar premises where animals can move freely and receive feed from feeders installed in cages. A group of pigs usually consists of 10 heads and they are given food 2-3 times a day. When cattle are fattened for slaughter, it is important to carefully calculate the portion of feed given each time to the group so that each animal can receive the optimal amount of different food components. Usually, the total amount of feed for a group of livestock is calculated based on the average weight of the animals in this group, taking into account the particular need for food depending on the physiological age of the animal (live weight). When breeding pigs, it is recommended that all individuals in the group continuously and evenly increase their weight required for the animals, i.e. Growing BREAKINGLY as quickly as possible with effective nutrition l. However, in the case where the animals within the group have a different age, the time for the selection of animals for slaughter increases, as some have reached the required weight, and the remaining animal groups need to continue to be fattened. At the same time, in order to accelerate the growth of livestock, additional feed consumption and animal staying in the stall are required due to their uneven consumption of food, which is caused by competition, which is very strong among animals, and their ability to compete in food depends on their social position. groups, kind and speed of food consumption. Each pig, for example, in a group of pigs has its own appetite. This leads to the fact that the daily growth of livestock from animal to animal within the group is significantly reduced, since the daily increase in the weight of each animal is approximately proportional to the daily amount of food intake by the animal. A piglet has a daily increase in weight of approximately 600 g with a standard deviation of 80-90 g. As a result, the total amount of time a single piglet is inside one group changes from 80 to 150 days. Such a significant difference between animals within the same group in relation to the amount of feed intake and weight gain not only leads to an increase in the time the animals stay in the stall, an increase in the cost of cleaning and feeding, but also to a significant change in the quality of the raised livestock. Animals that consume more feed become too fat due to animals that have less food sweat, the latter are very thin, and additional time is needed for their fattening. The disadvantages of the known method of feeding livestock increases with increasing size of animals. There is a way to separate the animals. During the distribution of the feed, so that each animal can eat its own portion of feed. However, this method is uneconomical. In addition, animals have been shown to lose their appetite if they are fed separately. They grow better when eaten with other animals and even if competition and stress are observed. These problems also concern other types of animals, such as bodies and domginas of birds. The purpose of the invention is to increase the productivity of pigs in their group content. The goal is achieved by the fact that the distribution of food is carried out individually to each animal from the group, and each animal is fed food in an equal amount and with the same speed that does not exceed the feed absorption rate of the group that is most slowly chewing in the group. feed at different rates. Studies show that when the pigs are fed separately and give them a bcg of feed, then about 1/3 of the animals eat up their food in less than 10 minutes, 1/3 of the animals for 1020 min, and the rest of animals for 20-30 minutes. When animals are fed together by the whole group, those animals that are eaten. faster, eat food from those who eat more slowly; It is proved that separated animals retain such a tendency in the course of their entire life. Moreover, competition in food between individual animals within a group will not be noted if it is always to provide a group with feeders for the number of animals in a group, to distribute an equally large amount of feed to each feeder and to feed food in quantities per unit of time that approximately corresponds to the rate of food consumption most slowly. chewing animals. In this case, the animals learn from experience that it is unprofitable for the fast-chewing group member to select food from a slow-chewing neighbor, since it will take less than it will continuously feed into the feeder: even though the feed rate is slow. Thus, each animal will receive an equal amount of food, growth time for a group of animals (it will be reduced, the digestion of food will improve, and animals of more equal quality will be fattened. It is proved that the size of the group can be increased, up to 10Q heads of cattle while maintaining good results with such conditions. However, each animal eats its food at a rate that changes during meal times. The animals eat much faster at the beginning of feeding and then slower and slower. The same quantity per unit of time, i.e., at an average rate that corresponds to the time required for a slowly chewing animal to eat its portion, it may happen that animals with a good appetite will find that the feed rate is too slow and will try to select food. feed feeders for slowly chewing neighbors. Therefore, it is best to increase the speed of food distribution at the beginning of feeding and then gradually reduce it. According to the proposed method, the feed is fed to feed troughs with a skorststy, which corresponds to ti chewing chewing slowest animal during feeding. Quickly chewing animals will be less likely to take food from slowly chewing neighbors when they have passed a greediness, even if They feel by the end of the feed that the food is being fed too slowly. Usually animals feed 2-3 times a day. However, in order for animals to stand quietly near their feeders, they should be fed more often, for example, 4-5 times a day. Moreover, the appetite and digestion of food are improved if from time to time or day the Portion of food changes from day to day. It has been proven that changes in feeding contribute to an increase in growth rate and help to feed animals more evenly within the group when feeding is controlled; on the contrary, the effect is completely different if feeding is not controlled. In order for animals to safely stand near their feeders, it is generally important to exclude factors that interfere with the distribution of food. One of these factors is the traditional shape of the feeders with the same sides, which causes animals to incline to sing feeders, otherwise it is difficult for animals to reach the feed located on the front side of the feeder (below the animal face). Animals interfere with each other by trying to get rid of food debris (at the same time, they take it to the lawn poloskenie) and as a result of medium-sized disorder occurs. In order to implement the proposed method of feeding pets, the feeders are made with the shallow side facing the animal. The drawing shows a feeder, necessary for the implementation of the method. The feeder consists of. a funnel-shaped container 1 for food, equipped with a distributor wheel 2 which feeds at a given speed to the feeder 3. On the rear side 4 there is a steep inclination that is traditional for such feeders, while the front side 5 faces the animal and is shallow and consists of two plates b and 1, with the bottom plate forming an angle of approximately 150 ° with a horizontal bottom 8, and the top plate an angle of approximately 135 with the bottom. Such a form allows animals to empty the feeders completely and without difficulty), although they stand at right angles to it. The feeder (tray) is divided by partitions 9, which form an compartment for each animal, and is equipped with a pipe 10 for supplying water and a valve 11 with a valve 12 that the animal can move aside to obtain water. The distributor wheel drives with during the distribution of feed by an engine with a continuously variable gearbox (not shown). Its speed can be adjusted by means of a preset speed controller (not shown) in accordance with a known method. Usually, when distributing feed, piglets do not require a special signal, since animals perceive the noise from the switchgear as a signal. .. In other cases, for example, when feeding poultry, a sound signal or a light signal may be required. The proposed method and apparatus are generally applicable for raising animals intended for slaughter, but they can also be used for cows. In large herds, cows can be divided into groups, and a certain group of cows can first be given a main portion, which is evenly distributed among the cows of this group, and then they can be distributed to separate feeds according to the need for milk. Test the proposed method for two weeks on two feeders with 8 pigs each. feeding trough 1. At the beginning of the test period, the weight was 32.1 kg with a difference of 2.88 kg, and after 14 days it was 37.0 kg and 3.21 kg, respectively. Thus, the difference increased by 11.5%. Manger 2. At the beginning of the test period, the weight is 39.1 kg with a difference of 2.05 kg, and after 14 days it is 44.6 and 1.99 kg, respectively. At the same time, the difference decreased by 2.9%. Experimental animals had a different weight at the beginning of the test, and despite this, the difference in weight increased only by 4.3%, as an average for both. In the usual breeding of animals in the group, the difference in weight is 20%. Thus, after an unending period in the experimental groups, the animals learned how to use the chosen feeding place and were taught to adapt to the established diet. During the test, the feeding device is valid for approximately 25 minutes per feeding. The behavior of the animals at Yormlen was calm, each animal remained in its place as it was being fed. The stress caused by the struggle during feeding was removed, and no tendency to decrease the appetite was noticed. The invention of the method of feeding pigs during the fattening period, including the distribution of feed in feeders installed in cages for animal housing, characterized in that, in order to increase the productivity of animals, feed distribution is carried out individually to an animal from the group, and each animal gets feed in equal amounts and at the same rate, which does not exceed the rate of absorption of feed by the animals most slowly chewing in the group. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. Agriculture abroad Abroad Söri Livestock, 1968, 9, p. 2-5.