SU927133A3 - High-pressure gas discharge lamp - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to high-pressure discharge gas discharge lamps containing a filling of mercury and metal halides, in particular, § achieving high efficiency in lamps of 250 watts or less, which can be used for general illumination purposes.

High-pressure discharge lamps work by evaporating mercury and selected metal halides and are often simply referred to as metal halide lamps, even if the lamp filling is mercury, as well as one or more of the metal halides. High power halide lamps that achieve relatively high efficiency are known in the art.

1000 W metal halide lamps are known, having an average initial efficiency in the order of 119 lm / W tn.25

500-watt halide metal lamps are known that can operate with a luminous efficacy of about 90 lm / W G23.

However, these high power lamps are too large for general lighting purposes in homes or similar places.

Closest to the one proposed is a 250 W metal halide lamp which achieves luminous efficiencies in the range of only 60 to 70 lm / W G31.

The luminous efficiency in lower power halide metal discharge lamps drops so much that it makes them almost completely unsuitable for general lighting applications. Thus, low-power halide metal lamps that can be used for general lighting in the home instead of incandescent or fluorescent lamps are not yet commercially available. 3 The purpose of the invention is to provide halide-metal high-pressure discharge lamps of low or intermediate power (i.e., 250 W or less) and having higher luminous efficiencies than has been possible up to now. The goal is achieved by the fact that in a high-pressure gas discharge lamp with a power of no more than 250 W, containing a discharge chamber of heat-resistant light-transmitting material, having the shape of an ellipsoid spheroid, etc., filled with mercury and metal halides and placed inside the shell of light-transmitting material, and electrodes installed using hermetic seals at opposite ends of the chamber, the chamber is made with a wall thickness not exceeding 1.5 mm and has a ratio of length to diameter (X / D) in the range from 0.9 to 2.5. the insertion factor of the electrodes y, equal, lies in the range of 0.1-0.6, the forest angle UL) is less than 10 arc load is in the range from 60 to 150 W / cm, and the wall load is in the range from 10 to 35 W / cm. where X is the length of the discharge chamber; L is the distance between the tips of the electrodes; (L) is the solid angle formed by two beams emanating from the center of the discharge chamber with hermetic seals, measured in percent relative to the total solid angle surrounding the center of the arc chamber. Preferably, the arc chamber is in the form of an ellipsoid, the ratio X / D is in the range from 1.5 to 2.5, the wall load is in the range from 10 to 25 W / cm, the arc load in the range from 100 to 150 W / cm, and the solid angle w is 1. Gas discharge lamp with a power not exceeding 70 W has a discharge chamber with a volume of less than 1 cm, the ratio X / D lies in the range from 0.9 to 2.5, the wall load lies in the range from 60 to 120 W / cm, and the solid angle is less than FIG. 1 and 2 are graphs showing the effect of electrode insertion on color temperature and 34 luminous efficiencies; in fig. 3 principal design of a 250 W metal halide lamp provided with a protective sheath embodying the preferred embodiment; in fig. - metal halide lamp 70 W without protective cover; in fig. 5 deprived of a protective sheath 30-watt halide metal lamp 30 W; in fig. 6 is a schematic illustration that illustrates solid angles pulled by seals at the ends of the lamp shown in FIG. 3, with respect to the total solid angle surrounding the center of the lamp. The lamp contains an arc chamber (Fig. 2), defined in. within the inner shell 1, of thin-walled silica glass, supported inside the outer glass shell or the protective shell 2. A suitable filling for the inner shell 1 contains 28 mg of mercury and 50 mg of the hydrohalic acid salt, consisting of, by weight: Na 8A, Sc | j Neither Thj plus iyert start gas such as argon or xenon. The inner shell has an internal volume of 0.39 cm. The outer protective sheath 2 is provided at the lower end with a bushing pin 3, through which relatively rigid input wires and 5, connected by their outer ends with electrical contacts with a conventional screw base, pass - a thread 6 and an end contact 7. The inner shell 1, commonly referred to as an arc tube, even if it is shaped like an ellipsoid rather than a tube, is suspended inside the protective shell between the long side The cable 8 and the short leg 9, which are welded to the lead wires 4 and 5. The space 10 inside the outer protective sheath is filled with nitrogen at a pressure of 0.5 atm. However, if desired, it can be evacuated in order to reduce the heat losses from the arc tube. The inner shell or arc tube 1 is made of thin-walled quartz (i.e., less than 1.5 mm thick) or quartz glass, and the discharge space or arc chamber is essentially ellipsoidal. 5 Such may be considered as being formed by the rotation of an ellipse around the longitudinal axis of the lamp, which is represented vertical in FIG. 3. One way of forming the flask part 11 is to expand and settle with shortening the relatively thin-walled quartz glass tube during heating to plasticity, and rotation in a two-piece lathe-grinding machine for processing glass products. Parts of the necks 12 and 13 can be obtained in a similar manner by allowing the quartz tube to form necks under the effect of surface tension. The wall thickness and shape of the bulb can be adjusted by coordinating the degree and location of heating, and the rate of expansion, or neck formation. Tungsten wire electrodes T and 15 are preferred, having their peripheral ends rolled up in open loops, as illustrated in c. The electrodes 14 and 15 are mounted at opposite ends of the arc tube and extend from the lead wires containing intermediate profiles of molybdenum foil 16 and 17, which in turn are connected by the outer lead parts 18 and 19 with the side leg 8 and the support leg 9, respectively. . Hermetic seals are made on molybdenum Foil profiles 16 and 17 which are moistened with silica heated to plasticity during the compaction operation. At this time, the melted silica can be pressed into the profiles by applying vacuum, mechanical clamping 36, or using both means. A: The filling or charging is introduced into the shell through the side dowel, which is then sealed off at position 20. The representative neck or illustrated end seals 12 and 13 are formed by vacuum and are cylindrical, as shown in FIG. 6. Seals 12 and 13 are formed with a small cross-sectional area in order to reduce radiation delay or absorbing cross-section at the ends of the lamp and minimize heat loss through seals. When the shell 1 of the lamp is 250 W (Fig. 1 and 6) the spatial angle d. Each terminal seal 12 and 13 is approximately 0.3% of the spatial angle at the center of shell 1. In other words, the end seals 12 and 13 have a cross-sectional area such that the total area of shadows 21 (FIG. 6) thrown the end seals on the surface of the imaginary sphere 22 surrounding the lamp amount to only 0.6 of the total surface area of the sphere if a point source of light were placed in the center 23 of this envelope. In this embodiment, the seals 12 and 13 and the ends of the shell 1 are completely free from heat preserving coatings. Thus, the only limitation of light that occurs at the ends of the cladding is the masking that results from the presence of end seals. In tab. 1 shows the comparative data for lamps of 250 W of the proposed design and known. Table 1

9271338

Continued table. one

Introduction Factor (Y)

External area

cm, cm

Load walls, W / cm

Adjustable spatial angle,%

Light efficiency. Tab. Figure 1 shows the advantages obtained by using the proposed 250 W metal halide lamp. The proposed lamp has a luminous efficiency of 105 lm / W as opposed to 82 lm / W in a lamp of a prior art level in the field. In addition to improving the luminous efficiency, the design of the proposed lamp shows an improvement in maintaining the light flux. A halide-metallic lamp with a power rating of 70 W is indicated by the position 2 (FIG.). The arc chamber is generally ellipsoidal, and the filling contains mercury, NaJ, ScJ, ThiJ. and argon. Tungsten wire electrodes 25 are sealed in a shell through narrow parameters of miniature ellipsoidal

0.27 And, 8 3.9 17.0

0.6 necks 2b. The electrodes are connected to the lead wires 27, which include plate-shaped parts 28, hermetically sealed in the necks. The arc chamber is blown through one of the necks before sealing so that no lateral desoldering of the stengel is left. There is no auxiliary starting electrode, and there is also no heat transfer coating. By appropriately recalculating the lamp parameters (Fig.)) In the direction of decreasing its size, a metal halide lamp of 30 W with an ellipsoidal arc chamber can be provided. Details of the physical order and parameters for 70 and 30 W lamps with ellipsoidal arc chambers are given in table. 2. Table 2 p

Indicators

Diameter (D), cm

L / D

X / D

Introduction Factor (Y)

External area, cm

Volume,

Load walls, W / cm

Solid angle,%

Light efficiency, lm / W

Lumens

Mercury loading (Nd), mg

Mercury Density (Nd), mg / cm. The luminous efficiencies of both low power lamps are not only high in absolute terms, but truly amazing for their size. The luminous efficiency of a 70 W lamp at 100 lm / W exceeds the luminous efficiency of a known metal halide lamp; 250 watts shown by iB tab. 1 | At the level of 82 lm / W. The light efficiency of a 30 W lamp at 106 lm / W greatly exceeds the light efficiency of approximately 80 ml / W of a known 175 W metal halide lamp that uses the same type. filling. The light effects, efficiency of this type in metal halide lamps with a rating below 100 watts were previously considered impossible. Another miniature metal halide lamp with a nominal value of 30 W is shown at position 29 (FIG. 5) and cor holds a spherical arc chamber. The same type of fill can be used for it as for the lamp shown in FIG. t. Elek92713310

Continued table. 2

Gas discharge bottom lamp

Claims (3)

W Tz 0 W I 30 W Troda 30 are parts of a tungsten wire connected to lead wires 31 having plate-shaped parts 32 in narrow necks. Other details, physical order and parameters for this lamp are given in table. 3, which is provided below. Table 3 Arc load, W / cm100 Arc length (L) cm0.3 Length of the arc chamber (X), cm0.6 Diameter (D), cm0.6 L / 00.5 Continuation of the table. 3 Gases of the bottom Ratios 30 W 1.0 Introduction factor (Y) 0.5 External radiating area, cm Volume, cm Wall load, W / cm Solid,% Luminous efficiency. In an optimized lamp design, the smallest practical terminal seals are used and the dimensional ratio of the arc chamber and other parameters that were discussed above are chosen so as to achieve the required working conditions without resorting to heat storage devices or coatings the ends of the lamp. However, in practice it may happen that it would be more economical to retain the existing design of the lamp envelope and make the required change in its work, such as lowering the color temperature, by referring to the end coats of a small size. This is illustrated by the following example. Consider a 35 watt nominal lamp having an ellipsoidal shell with an X / about 2 dimensional ratio, which is illustrated in FIG. and. This lamp has a light. the efficiency is 115 lm / W at the color temperature K, and its end seals together shrink about 5 solid angles in the center of the arc chamber. Now suppose that it is required to obtain a similar lamp with a color temperature lowered to approximately 3800 K. This can be done by applying reflective end coats around seals, which will increase the percentage of solid angle, jointly adjusted by seals and end coats, to about 10. The resulting hotter ends of the lamp direct the excess hydrohalic acid salt further from the ends towards the central part of the arc chamber. This can lower the color temperature by about 700 K and simultaneously cause a drop in luminous efficacy of about 20%. Thus, it is possible to obtain a new lamp having the desired color temperature at a luminous efficiency of about 92 lm / W. This lamp can fully meet the demands of market demand, and the cost of renovating equipment, including new forms for a modified shell configuration, is eliminated. In the well-known halide-metal lamps for which quartz glass shells are used, the wall load generally does not exceed about 15 W / cm. This was a higher figure than the ceiling of 10 W / CM, mainly. accepted for mercury lamps (i.e. lamps filled with mercury without any addition of metal halides) However, a higher wall load was considered necessary in order to create sufficient vapor pressure of added metal halide salts and realize significant benefits from their presence. The life span of metal halide lamps is largely limited by the loss of sodium and / or the increasing arc voltage drop as a function of working time. Basically, it was assumed that their maintenance of the luminous flux and the life of the lamps were inherently worse than those of mercury lamps. The advantage of the proposed device is that the loads of the walls beyond 15 W / cm can be used in halide-metal lamps without any harmful effects. Maintaining the luminous flux and service life of the proposed lamps is superior to those of conventional lamps in which similar metal halide compositions are used. In fact, it has been established that wall loads up to 35 W / cm can be used without making large detrimental changes in maintaining the luminous flux while simultaneously suppressing sodium losses and / or lowering the arc voltage increase to acceptable levels. The softening point of quartz, or quartz glass, at which the arc chamber does not retain more than its original shape under the action of internal pressure, becomes a practical limitation on the load on the walls, and this limitation depends on the wall thickness. However, virtually all desired results can be quickly obtained with thin-walled quartz glass shells at loads less than 35 W / cm, which makes it possible to obtain structures that tend to have higher luminous efficiencies while maintaining the advantages of thin-walled quartz glass. Claim 1. Gaseous lamp of high pressure with power not exceeding 250 W, containing discharge chamber made of heat-resistant light-transmitting material, having the form of an ellipsoid, spheroid, etc., filled with mercury 40 and metal halides and placed inside the shell of light-transmitting material and electrodes mounted with hermetic seals at opposite ends 4s, which are different from the chamber. The fact that, in order to increase its light efficiency, the chamber is made with a wall thickness not exceeding 1.5 mm, it has a ratio of length to diameter (X / D) in the range from 0.9 to 2.5 the insertion factor of the electrodes equal to, lies within 0.1 O, 6, the solid angle w is less than 10%, the arc load is in the range from 66 to 150 W / cm, and the wall load is in the range from 10 to 35 W / cm, where X is the length of the discharge chamber; L is the distance between the tips of the electrodes; . and is the solid angle formed. two rays emanating from the center of the discharge chamber with hermetic seals, measured as a percentage with respect to the total solid angle surrounding the center of the arc chamber. 2. Gas discharge lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that the camera has the shape of an ellipsoid, the ratio X / D lies in the range from 1.5 to 2.5, the load of the walls in the range from 10 to 25 W / cm, arc load in the range from 100 to 150 W / cm, and the solid angle of CO is 1. 3. The discharge lamp of the lamp according to claim 1, with a capacity of not more than 70 W, about a liter and so that the chamber has a volume of less than 1 cm, the ratio X / D lies in the range from 0.9 to 2.5, the load of the walls is in the range from 60 to 120 W / cm, and the solid angle is less than 7. Sources of information taken These are taken into account when examining 1. US Patent If 389b32b, 313-220, 1975. 2. US Patent N, 313-220, 197. 3. Japan patent number cl. 93 О 221, published. 17.06.71. I vi § Jd 1 0.10.1 0.3 Fig. / (60) mT / P-W (WIT) H4 (5., „ Sbetobagg 31r (1) ektionost SO- 989654Р290 cc "/, L D, 5 flU Л4 4} at2 29 31 32/32 51 Zl 6