SU800492A1

SU800492A1 - Incinerator

Info

Publication number: SU800492A1
Application number: SU792740020A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Владимир Иванович Прокофьев; Юлий Нусонович Шкроб
Original assignee: Предприятие П/Я А-1233
Priority date: 1979-03-19
Filing date: 1979-03-19
Publication date: 1981-01-30

Description

Изобретение относится к устройст-вам для сжигания мусора и может быть использовано в небольших населенных пунктах и на предприятиях промышленности, транспорта и т. д., отходы которых не выделяют при сгорании ядовитых газов или дурнопахнущих веществ, но содержат горючие компоненты.The invention relates to devices for burning garbage and can be used in small towns and industrial enterprises, transport, etc., the waste of which does not emit during the combustion of toxic gases or odorous substances, but contain combustible components.

Известны мусоросжигательные печи, применяемые в ряде крупных городов Г1]·Known waste incinerators used in a number of large cities G1] ·

Недостатками этих устройств являются сложность конструкции, материалоемкость , применение дорогостоящего топлива, что влечет за собой большие затраты времени и материальных средств, необходимых для сооружения и эксплуатации устройства, а также большие расходы на дальнюю транспортировку мусора, поскольку эти крупные предприятия обслуживают обычно большие районы или крупнейшие города.The disadvantages of these devices are the complexity of the design, material consumption, the use of expensive fuel, which entails a large investment of time and material resources necessary for the construction and operation of the device, as well as high costs for the long-distance transportation of garbage, since these large enterprises usually serve large areas or the largest cities.

Наиболее близким к предлагаемому является мусоросжигательное устройство, содержащее траншею, размещенные в ней нагнетательную и отсасывающую перфорированные трубы и запальное устройство, которое расположено между ними, очистное соору2 жение с вытяжной трубой, соединенное с отсасывающей трубой, и вентилятор, соединенный с нагнетательной трубой [2 ].Closest to the proposed one is a waste incinerator containing a trench, perforated pipes for suction and suction, and an ignition device located between them, a treatment facility with an exhaust pipe connected to the suction pipe, and a fan connected to the discharge pipe [2] .

Недостаток известного устройства заключается в загрязнении окружающей среды продуктами сгорания и другими выделениями горящего мусора вследствие образования в зоне горе10 ния повышенного давления, возникающего из-за того, что в эту зону нагнетается воздух, нагревающийся в процессе горения, а отсос его происходит через дополнительное сооружение (очистное устройство/ под действием только разности температур, что приводит к неизбежному превышению давления в толще мусора над атмосферным Превышение давления вызывает выход потока воздуха и продуктов сгорания не только через очистное устройство, но и непосредственно в атмосферу. Слой мусора вследствие его низкой плотности не может предотвратить это течение газов. Трудность извлечения' золы и негорючего остатков изпод массы свежего и горящего мусора и отсутствие средств регулирования процесса приводит к его неоптималь30 ному течению, так как в зависимости от физических и химических свойств мусора последний или вспыхивает и горит, распространяя дым помимо очистного сооружения, у Л и медленно тлеет, и даже гаснет в случае преобладания в нем сырых горючих компонентов .A disadvantage of the known device is the environmental pollution by combustion products and other emissions of burning garbage due to the formation of increased pressure in the combustion zone due to the fact that air is heated into this zone, which is heated during combustion, and its suction occurs through an additional structure ( cleaning device / under the influence of only a temperature difference, which leads to the inevitable excess pressure in the bulk of the garbage above atmospheric pressure. Excess pressure causes the air flow to exit Combustion products not only through a treatment device, but also directly into the atmosphere. Due to its low density, the debris layer cannot prevent this gas flow. because, depending on the physical and chemical properties of the garbage, the latter either flashes and burns, spreading smoke in addition to the sewage treatment plant, slowly smolders in A, and even goes out in case of bladaniya it raw combustibles.

Цель изобретения - снижение загрязнения атмосферы, повышение надежности, обеспечение непрерывности и управления устройства..The purpose of the invention is to reduce atmospheric pollution, increase reliability, ensure continuity and control of the device ..

Указанная цель достигается тем, что мусоросжигательное устройство, содержащее траншею, размещенные в ней ‘нагнетательную и отсасывающую перфорированные трубы и запальное устройство, расположенное между ними, очистное сооружение с вытяжной' трубой, соединенное с отсасывающей трубой, и вентилятор, соединенный с нагнетательной трубой, снабжено эжектором, установленным в отсасывающей трубе перед входом в очистное сооружение . Напорная часть эжектора соединена с выходом вентилятора трубопровода, в котором установлена дроссельная заслонка, нагнетательная труба выполнена с патрубками, на которых установлены сопла, направленные на отсасывающую трубу, а траншея - с наклонным дном и ограничивающей рабочую эону перегородкой, имеющей в нижней части отверстие·.This goal is achieved in that the incinerator containing a trench, a perforated discharge and suction pipe placed therein and an ignition device located between them, a treatment plant with an exhaust pipe connected to the suction pipe, and a fan connected to the discharge pipe are provided an ejector installed in the suction pipe in front of the entrance to the treatment plant. The pressure part of the ejector is connected to the outlet of the fan of the pipeline in which the throttle valve is installed, the discharge pipe is made with nozzles on which nozzles are installed, aimed at the suction pipe, and the trench with an inclined bottom and a partition limiting the working aeon, which has a hole in the lower part ·.

На фиг. 1 изображено устройство, продольный разрез; на фиг. 2 - то же, поперечный разрез и на фиг. 3 узел управления.In FIG. 1 shows a device, a longitudinal section; in FIG. 2 is the same, cross section and in FIG. 3 control node.

Мусоросжигательное устройство содержит траншею 1, в которой размещена несгораемая перегородка 2 с проемом 3 в нижней части. Дно 4 рабочей части траншеи 1 имеет наклон в сторону несгораемой перегородки. Вдоль траншеи 1 размещены отсасывающая 5 и нагнетательная б трубы. Отсасывающая труба перфорирована по всей поверхности и соединена трубопроводом 7 с очистным устройством 8 и далее - с вытяжной трубой 9. Нагнетательная труба снабжена патрубками 10, на поверхностях которых, обращенных к всасывающей трубе, установлены разгоняющие сопла 11. К нагнетательной трубе присоединен через трубопровод 12 выход вентилятора 13, выход которого соединен с атмосферой через воздухозаборник 14. Трубопроводы 7 и 12 соединены трубой 15, в которой установлена управляемая дроссельная заслонка 16. Выход трубы 15 соединен с соплом 17 эжектора, размещенного в трубопроводе 7. У выходов разгоняющих сопел 11 размещены электрозапальные устройства 18, питаемые посредством защищенного электропровода 19 от внешнего источника.The incineration device comprises a trench 1, in which a fireproof partition 2 with an opening 3 in the lower part is placed. The bottom 4 of the working part of the trench 1 has an inclination towards the fireproof partition. Along the trench 1 there is a suction 5 and a discharge pipe b. The suction pipe is perforated over the entire surface and connected by a pipe 7 to the cleaning device 8 and then to the exhaust pipe 9. The discharge pipe is equipped with nozzles 10, on the surfaces of which are facing the suction pipe, there are accelerating nozzles 11. An outlet is connected to the discharge pipe through the pipe 12 a fan 13, the outlet of which is connected to the atmosphere through an air intake 14. Pipelines 7 and 12 are connected by a pipe 15 in which a controlled throttle valve is installed 16. The output of the pipe 15 is connected to the nozzle 17 an ora placed in the pipeline 7. At the exits of the dispersing nozzles 11 there are electro-filling devices 18, powered by a protected electric wire 19 from an external source.

Устройство работает следующим образом .The device operates as follows.

Рабочая часть траншеи 1 загружается бытовым мусором 20, например посредством завалки из транспортных средств 21. После заполнения траншеи включается вентилятор 13. Нагнетаемый им воздух через трубопровод 1, нагнетательную трубу 6, патрубки 10 и сопла 11 поступает в толщу мусора, разрыхляет его и подсушивает. Одновременно часть нагнетаемого вентилятором 13 воздуха, через трубу 15 и сопло 17 поступает во внутреннюю полость трубы 7, разгоняя в трубе воздух. В отсасывающей трубе 5 при этом возникает разрежение, вследствие чего происходит интенсивный отсос воздуха из области, расположенной между трубками 5 и 6, и выброс в атмосферу через очистное устройство 8 и вытяжную трубу 9. На этом подготовительном этапе работы дроссельная заслонка 16 полностью открыта, что обеспечивает максимальный отсос воздуха из толщи мусора и минимальное нагнетание его туда, вследствие чего в упомянутой области возникает некоторое разрежение, обусловливающее возникновение воздушного потока из атмосферы через толщу мусора в отсасывающую трубу 5. При этом практически исключается загрязнение окружающего пространства газовыделениями гниющих отходов.The working part of the trench 1 is loaded with household waste 20, for example, by filling from vehicles 21. After filling the trench, the fan 13 is turned on. The air pumped by it through the pipe 1, discharge pipe 6, nozzles 10 and nozzle 11 enters the thickness of the garbage, loosens it and dries it. At the same time, part of the air pumped by the fan 13 through the pipe 15 and the nozzle 17 enters the internal cavity of the pipe 7, dispersing the air in the pipe. In this case, rarefaction occurs in the suction pipe 5, as a result of which there is an intensive suction of air from the area located between the pipes 5 and 6, and emission into the atmosphere through the cleaning device 8 and the exhaust pipe 9. At this preparatory stage of operation, the throttle valve 16 is fully open, which provides the maximum suction of air from the thickness of the garbage and its minimum injection there, as a result of which a certain rarefaction occurs in the mentioned area, which causes the occurrence of air flow from the atmosphere through the thickness m litter into the suction pipe 5. In this case, contamination is practically excluded surrounding space gassing rotting waste.

Следующий этап - основной рабочий процесс начинается после включения электрозапальных устройств 18. Под их действием воспламеняются соприкасающиеся с ними горючие компоненты мусора. Благодаря интенсивному дутью через разгоняющие сопла 11 и отсосу через отсасывающую трубу 5, в толще мусора возникает область горения 22, изолированная от окружающего пространства слоем несгоревшего мусора 20. Из области горения 22 твердые компоненты продуктов сгорания (зола и негорючие предметы) выпадают на дно 4 траншеи 1, где образуется слой отходов, по мере накопления удаляемых через проем 3 в перегородке 2 под действием силы тяжести содержимого траншеи 1.The next stage - the main workflow begins after the inclusion of electrozapalny devices 18. Under their action, the combustible components of the debris in contact with them ignite. Due to the intense blasting through the accelerating nozzles 11 and the suction through the suction pipe 5, a burning area 22 appears in the thickness of the garbage, isolated from the surrounding area with a layer of unburned garbage 20. From the burning area 22, solid components of the combustion products (ash and non-combustible objects) fall to the bottom 4 of the trench 1, where a layer of waste is formed, as accumulated through the opening 3 is removed in the partition 2 under the action of gravity of the contents of the trench 1.

Тем временем, независимо от хода рабочего процесса, в траншею 1 сбрасывают новые порции свежего мусора с помощью обычного транспортера 21 или вручную. Газообразные продукты горения и горячий воздух, поступающие через трубу 5, трубопровод 7 и очистное устройство 8 в вытяжную трубу 9, увеличивают тягу, вследствие чего описанный выше процесс интенсифицируется, что, в свою очередь, повышает интенсивность горения и, способствует расширению области горения 22.In the meantime, regardless of the course of the workflow, new portions of fresh garbage are dumped into trench 1 using a conventional conveyor 21 or manually. Gaseous combustion products and hot air flowing through the pipe 5, the pipeline 7 and the cleaning device 8 into the exhaust pipe 9 increase the draft, as a result of which the process described above is intensified, which, in turn, increases the combustion rate and contributes to the expansion of the combustion area 22.

Процесс усиления горения протекает в зависимости от физических и химических свойств мусора (влажность, содержание горючих компонентом и их теплоотворная способность), с разной интенсивностью, что может привести к ненормальному ходу рабочего процесса: в случае избытка кислорода в сочетании с высоким содержанием горючих компонентов масса мусора вспыхивает в виде костра, что при- . водит к задымлению окружающего пространства. В случае недостатка воздуха, нагнетаемого через трубу 6, процесс вовсе прекращается или протекает недопустимо медленно, что также ухудшает условия предохранения окружающей среды.The process of enhancing combustion proceeds depending on the physical and chemical properties of the garbage (humidity, content of combustible components and their heat-generating ability), with different intensities, which can lead to an abnormal course of the working process: in case of excess oxygen in combination with a high content of combustible components, the mass of garbage flares up in the form of a fire that -. leads to smoke in the surrounding area. In the case of a lack of air pumped through the pipe 6, the process completely stops or proceeds unacceptably slowly, which also worsens the environmental conditions.

Проявления ненормального хода рабочего процесса исключаются регулированием соотношения расходов воздуха через трубы 5 и б посредством изменения положения дроссельной заслонки 16. Данный процесс продолжается непрерывно неопределенно долго. При этом необходимо его регулировать с помощью дроссельной заслонки по мере изменения состава и свойств мусора. Если оптимальный режим поддерживается постоянно, то электрозапалы 18 должны быть выключены немедленно по выходу на режим.Manifestations of the abnormal course of the working process are eliminated by adjusting the ratio of air flow through pipes 5 and b by changing the position of the throttle valve 16. This process continues continuously indefinitely. At the same time, it is necessary to adjust it with the throttle as the composition and properties of the garbage change. If the optimal mode is maintained constantly, then the electric valves 18 should be turned off immediately upon entering the mode.

Конструкция устройства предотвращает выход газов из зоны сгорания мимо очистного устройства, что существенно снижает загрязнение воздушного бассейна, обеспечивает удаление золы в ходе рабочего процесса; обес печивает непрерывность управляемость и надежность устройства.The design of the device prevents the escape of gases from the combustion zone past the treatment device, which significantly reduces air pollution, ensures the removal of ash during the working process; Provides continuity of controllability and reliability of the device.

Claims

The invention relates to waste incineration devices and can be used in small communities and in industry, transportation, etc., the waste of which is not discharged from the combustion of toxic gases or foul-smelling substances, but contains combustible components. There are incinerators used in a number of large cities. The disadvantages of these devices are design complexity, material consumption, the use of expensive fuel, which entails a great deal of time. The material resources necessary for the construction and operation of the device, as well as high costs for long-distance transportation of garbage, since these large enterprises usually serve large areas or major cities. Closest to the present invention is an incinerator containing a trench, injection and suction perforated pipes and an ignition device located between them, a cleaning plant with a exhaust pipe connected to the suction pipe and a fan connected to the discharge pipe 2. . A disadvantage of the known device is the pollution of the environment with products of combustion and other emissions of burning debris due to the formation in the combustion zone of increased pressure due to the fact that the air is heated in this zone, which is heated during combustion. construction (cleaning device under the influence of temperature difference only, which leads to inevitable excess of pressure in the thickness of the garbage over atmospheric. Excess pressure causes air to flow out as well as combustion products, not only through the purification device, but also directly into the atmosphere. Due to its low density, the debris layer cannot prevent this flow of gases. The difficulty of removing ash and non-combustible residues from under the mass of fresh and burning debris non-optimal leakage, since, depending on the physical and chemical properties of the garbage, it either flashes and burns, the smoke spreads apart from the cleaning plant, ijjfH slowly smolders, and even goes out in case of possessing raw combustible components in it. The purpose of the invention is to reduce the pollution of the atmosphere, increase the reliability, ensure the continuity and control of the device. This goal is achieved by the fact that the incinerator containing a trench, perforated suction and suction pipes located in it, and the ignition device located between them an exhaust pipe connected to the suction pipe and a fan connected to the discharge pipe are equipped with an ejector installed in the suction pipe before entering the treatment armament of. The discharge part of the ejector is connected to the outlet of the fan of the pipeline in which the throttle valve is installed, the discharge pipe is made with nozzles on which nozzles are installed that are directed to the suction pipe, and the trench has an inclined bottom and has a hole in the bottom part -. FIG. 1 shows a device, a longitudinal section; in fig. 2 is the same cross section and in FIG. 3 control unit. The incinerator contains a trench 1, in which a partition 2 is placed on the fireproof with an opening 3 in the lower part. The bottom 4 of the working part of trench 1 is inclined towards the fireproof partition. Along the trench 1 are placed the aspirator 5 and the injection pipe b. The suction pipe is perforated over the entire surface and connected by pipe 7 to the cleaning device 8 and then to the exhaust pipe 9. The discharge pipe is equipped with nozzles 10, on the surfaces of which facing the suction pipe are installed accelerating nozzles 11. To the pressure pipe is connected a pipe 12, an outlet of a fan 13, the outlet of which is connected to the atmosphere through an air inlet 14. The pipes 7 and 12 are connected by a pipe 15 in which a controllable throttle valve 16 is installed. The outlet of the pipe 15 is connected to a nozzle 17 projector of hosted in de truboprovo 7. outputs acceleration nozzle guides 11 are arranged elektrozapalnye unit 18, protected by a powered means for the electric wire 19 from an external source. The device works as follows. The working part of trench 1 is loaded with household waste 20; for example, by filling from vehicles 21. After filling the trench, the fan 13 is turned on. The air injected by it through pipeline 1, the discharge pipe b, the nozzles 10 and the nozzle 11 enters the garbage, loosens it and dries. At the same time, part of the air blown by the fan 13, through the pipe 15 and the nozzle 17, enters the internal cavity of the pipe 7, and air is accelerated in the pipe. In this case, a vacuum occurs in the suction pipe 5, as a result of which there is an intensive suction of air from the area located between the tubes 5 and b, and emission into the atmosphere through the cleaning device 8 and the exhaust pipe 9. At this preparatory stage of operation, the throttle valve 16 is completely open, which ensures the maximum suction of air from the mass of garbage and its minimum injection there, as a result of which some vacuum occurs in the above-mentioned region, causing an air flow from the atmosphere through the layers debris into the suction pipe 5. In this case, virtually eliminated contamination of the surrounding space gas evolution in E rotting waste. The next stage, the main workflow, begins after switching on the electrosplacing devices 18. Under their action, the combustible components of the garbage in contact with them are ignited. Due to intense blowing through the accelerating nozzles 11 and sucking through the suction pipe 5, a burning area 22 arises in the thick of the garbage, isolated from the surrounding space by a layer of unburned debris 20. The burning components 22 (ash and non-combustible objects) fall to the bottom 4 trench 1, where a layer of waste is formed, as accumulation removed through opening 3 in the partition 2 under the force of gravity of the contents of trench 1, in the meantime, regardless of the progress of the workflow, new pores are dumped into trench 1 fresh garbage using a standard conveyor 21 or manually. Gaseous products and hot air entering through the pipe 5, the pipe 7 and the cleaning device 8 into the exhaust pipe 9, increase traction, as a result of which the above process is intensified, which in turn increases the intensity of combustion and contributes to the expansion of the combustion area 22. The process is enhanced by NIN combustion proceeds depending on the physical and chemical properties of the garbage (humidity, the content of combustible components and their heat-generating capacity), with different intensity, which can lead to abnormal working conditions. Process: in the event of an excess of oxygen in combination with a high content of combustible components, a mass of garbage flares up in the form of a fire, which, when- leads to the smoke of the surrounding space. In case of insufficient air injected through the pipe 6, the process stops altogether or proceeds unacceptably slowly, which also worsens the conditions of environmental protection. The occurrence of an abnormal working process is eliminated by adjusting the ratio of air flow through pipes 5 and b by changing the position of the throttle valve 16. This process continues continuously for an indefinite period. At the same time, it is necessary to adjust it with the help of the throttle valve as the composition and properties of the sorpore change. If the optimum mode is kept constant, the igniters 18 should be turned off immediately upon entering the mode. The design of the device prevents the escape of gases from the combustion zone of the mimp cleaning device, which significantly reduces pollution of the air basin, ensures the removal of ash during the working process; ensures the continuity of the controllability and reliability of the device. Claims Incinerator containing a trench, injection and suction perforated pipes placed in it and an ignition device located between them, a sewage treatment plant with an exhaust pipe connected to the suction pipe, and a fan connected to the discharge pipe, about one liter. h ya e e with. The fact that, in order to reduce pollution of the atmosphere, increase reliability, ensure continuity of control of the device, it is equipped with an ejector installed in the suction pipe before entering the sewage treatment plant, the pressure part of the ejector is connected to the outlet of the ventilator with a pipeline in which the throttle valve is installed the pipe is made with nozzles, on which nozzles are installed, aimed at the suction pipe, and the trench is made with an inclined bottom and a partition bounding the working area, which has The bottom of the hole. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. The author's certificate of the USSR. No. 421853, cl. F 23. G 5/12, 1974.

2. For Germany FRG It 2216523, cl. 24 d 2, 1975 (prototype).