SU68622A1 - Thin-walled fold arch - Google Patents

Description

The invention aims to improve the design of thin-walled arches with a folded transverse profile, built on a solution of concrete or other similar elements.

A disadvantage of the known structures of thin-walled folded arches is that the transverse seams in them are made through and cut the arch into separate arches connected to each other only by adhesion of the mortar, which causes insufficient spatial rigidity and strength of the arch structure.

To eliminate this drawback, elements for the folded arch are proposed to be made in the form of slabs bent at an angle corresponding to the geometric shape of the fold, and these slabs are laid with a junction pattern of seams directed along the curve of the arch.

FIG. Figures I-3 depict cross-sectional folds of a trapezoidal and triangular folded arch, with FIG. 2-a shows the element of the arch, and FIG. 2-6 and 2 nd are sections of two adjacent rows of masonry.

FIG. 4 shows a cross section of a folded trapezoidal vault; in fig. 5 - the form for the manufacture of elements of this arch (in plan); in fig. b - movable edges and scaffolding for the construction of the same arch, in FIG. 7 is a detailed view of the fixture for this purpose; and FIG. 8 - a method of laying the vault with movable circles.

A thin-walled roof, having a trapezoidal, triangular or other shape in cross-section, is formed from elements of the same type that form either one side of the fold cross-section or two faces. In the first case, the element (Fig. 3) has a short branch of the plate at an angle corresponding to the shape of the fold; in the second case (fig. 1, 2), the element is a dihedral plate.

In the first method, the trapezoid-folded vault is assembled from the elements shown in FIG. 1-a. The length and thickness of the elements are determined by a static calculation depending on the span of the arch and height.

the load it holds. The width of the elements is assigned for production reasons.

The end faces of the element can be made flat, with a rough surface for better adhesion to the mortar. For better communication with adjacent elements, it is possible to arrange openings for metal pyrone or grooves in the longitudinal ends for forming mortar keys in them; transverse ends can also be made with grooves on both sides or with one groove on one side and with a crest on the other.

The elements of the vault are stacked with ligating seams directed along the curve of the vault; at the same time, the corners of the folds due to the overlap of the individual elements are more rigid and resistant to deformation from external loads. In addition, the pressure from the concentrated load in the arch span is not transmitted to the flaps over the width of one arch — folds, but is distributed over a greater support length according to the triangle law.

The material for the elements of the vault is ordinary concrete on brick rubble, awakened concrete, various light concrete on slag, pumice, etc., gypsum concrete, etc. Fibrous substances can be added to the concrete to increase the viscosity of the material.

The plates are made by on-edge molding in common collapsible forms with metal partition walls (Fig. 5), compacted by vibrating. A set of metal walls allows you to form plates of various lengths and thicknesses, which requires changing or shifting in the form of only intermediate bosses B (Fig. 5).

The use of metal formwork allows to obtain elements with regular and smooth surfaces that do not require subsequent plaster.

The finished elements, due to their shape, are conveniently stacked and well transported.

The arch is erected from the mobile inventory circled. For this purpose

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it is convenient to use light tubular circles (triangular outline (Fig. b and 8)), laying the formwork on them for the lower surface of the roof. The workers of the footbridge are hung on hooks to the hooks of adjacent clubs; from these bridges leads masonry.

The trapezoidal part of the body between the circles can be laid without formwork; for this purpose, the lateral inclined plates held by the mortar (or pyrons) are then installed, then, along them, the horizontal slab. To prevent the solution from slipping from the vertical ends of the plates, a narrow removable pattern C can be used (Fig. 7) placed under SHVOA1. The masonry is led by separate grippers in two or three waves in the direction from the supports to the hull of the arch; each grapple ends with a penalty lying on the formwork.

At the end of the grab, the suspended scaffolds are removed (from the middle to the edge), the circle is transferred to the next grab and the work is done in the same order further.

In the second method, the trapezoidal folded roof is made of elements that simultaneously form two sides of a fold (Fig. 2-a). To build such a roof, it is sufficient, as in the previous case, to have one standard element type. The elements are made by molding on-edge in general form with metal partition walls.

The arch is erected from these elements in such a way that each transverse junction of the elements, i.e., each seam in the direction of the curve of the vault, is overlapped by an element of the adjacent row (Fig. 2d-2th). In this case, the same constructive effect is achieved as in the previous case; this makes work easier because there is no need for adjustable tools to support the elements.

The second type of elements for a trapezoid-folded arch can be applied in cases where double weight gain is allowed.

element compared to the first type.

The folded arch of the triangular transverse outline is constructed from the standard elements shown in FIG. 3-a. The element is a flat plate, with a short side branch (head) / groove 2 on one side and a quarter 3 on the other. In the longitudinal ends of the plate, in the heads, double-sided deep holes 4 can be arranged to install pkrons.

The laying of the triangular-folded arch is made with dressing seams, as shown in FIG. Sb-Zb, thanks to which, as in the above-described variants, the overall rigidity and strength of the structure of the arch increases.

For the erection of the roof can be used mobile lattice

formwork 5 smooth cylindrical shape (Fig. 3rd), on the surface of which are stuffed triangular slats b; the slats serve to hold the plates, defiantly against each other.

The described constructions of prefabricated folded vaults of concrete elements can be used for erecting fire-resistant coatings of industrial workshops, workshops, warehouses, etc. of buildings.

Subject invention

A thin-walled folded arch, assembled from prefabricated concrete or similar elements, characterized in that the elements have an angular shape and are laid in the arch with the gap of seams directed along the curve of the arch.

FIG. one

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FIG. 2

16 Body in. 6

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FIG. 3

FIG. four

FIG. five

FIG. 6

FIG. 7