SU66484A1 - Method for the production of drainage ditches in milling peat extraction - Google Patents

Description

In milling peat extraction, two methods are used to carry out work on the installation of drainage ditches.

The essence of the first method is as follows. A ditch up to 2 m in depth is being dug up along the planned route; excavated peat is transported on wheelbarrows to milling floors. As the peat deposit is drained, the ditch is further deepened, and due to the fact that the edges of the ditch are higher than the milling field 11, the edges are cut. When the bottom of the ditch reaches the mineral soil, the expediency of gradual deepening disappears, since the excavated soil or it is necessary to put it in a cavalier next to the ditch or take it out of the limits of the peat massif. In the first case, the possibility of further cutting the edges disappears, and in the second case, the land works are significantly more expensive.

In arranging the drainage ditches according to the second method, the following order of works is adopted. First, a ditch is dug deep

up to 2 m for the possibility of exploitation of the peat massif. Subsequently, the ditch deepens immediately to the design depth, with peat spreading around the milling field, and the mineral soil is folded into a cavalier near the ditch.

Both methods of work have significant drawbacks: rubbing the area of the peat deposit under the cavalier of mineral soil ejected from the ditch (right of way), a large amount of earthworks, difficulty digging ditches in wet soils, the need to reinforce the slopes of ditches, etc.

All this leads to a significant increase in the cost of draining gutters.

The proposed method aims to eliminate the noted drawbacks and consists in the fact that peaty green grass on both sides of the ditch (in the right of way) is developed in horizontal layers ahead of this development in depth in comparison with the development of the main part of the deposit and.

In FIG. 1 shows a scheme for the production of trenching operations by the proposed method; and FIG. 2-transverse profile of the ditch and adjacent pit in the process of work.

The method of work is considered on the example from practice: peat on the deposit has a depth of 4.0 m; according to the conditions of its development and the topography of the bottom of the deposit, the ditch is buried in mineral soil to a depth of 2.0 m; slope coefficient for mineral soil is assumed, 50, for peat soil, 75; ditch width along the bottom of the river 1.0 m; the annual drawdown of the frazzles is taken 0.25 m; According to the drying conditions, the depth of the ditch is 1.90 m, and this depth should remain constant during the drawdown of the frezpoles.

The proposed method of production of works is as follows.

On the planned route, a ditch of preliminary drainage with a depth of 1.60 m is dug. On both sides of it, a pit of peat is opened in the ditch estuary strip. The ditch cleavage band is assigned depending on the depth of the trench in the mineral soil and is on average 5-7 m on each side of the axis of the ditch.

The extraction of carved peat is carried out by the surface-layer method, which, as is well known, consists in the development of a deposit in layers to a depth equal to a brick height of 13 cm all over the entire area of the working area allocated for peat extraction. The bricks in the figures are left to stand on the exposed surface of the next layer of the deposit. Two or three layers of bricks are removed during the peat extraction season. The extraction of carved peat in the ditch estrangement begins one year prior to the start of exploitation of the peat massif.

For the first year, three layers of bricks are removed in the ditch estuary strip and thus the quarry turns out to be 0.89 m deep in relation to the areas prepared for the operation of freesdining. By the end of the first year, the ditch deepens by 39 m, thus having a depth of 2.0 m in relation to the adjacent areas; in relation to the career, its depth will be equal to 1.60 m.

In the second year, three layers of bricks with a total depth of 0.39 m are removed again in the ditch estuary, but at this time the mass of peat comes into operation, and its area is triggered at 0.25 m. Thus, in the second year, the quarry becomes already 0 39 + (0.39-0.25) 0.53 m. In the third and fourth season, three layers of bricks are again removed, and the depth of the quarry becomes equal to 0.81 m.

Starting from the fifth season and until the end of the work on the extraction of carved peat, in the ditch estuary, only two layers of bricks are removed, which is cm, while the frezpoly drawdown is 25 cm, i.e. in subsequent mining seasons, the depth of the quarry is practically will be constant and equal to 0.81 m.

Ditch recess can be done either annually at the end of the season at 0.25 m or every two years at 0.50 m.

If we take the burial in two years, then after the second deepening (at the end of the third peat extraction season) the depth of the pit will be 1.60-0, 32 m, and after two years it will be 1.32-0, 18 m; In the future, this depth will be unchanged, but with respect to the frazzles the depth of the trench will always be 2.0 m; when the bottom of the ditch at subsequent recesses touches the mineral soil, then in the ditch estuary the deposit of 0.50 m will remain not selected; in order to develop a deposit, the bottom of the ditch cuts into the mineral soil by 0.50 m and this soil of about 1 m per 1 m is thrown into the quarry (on one side and folds against the pit wall), and the production of carved peat on the remaining area of the quarry goes on.

When the peat in the quarry has been selected before the mineral soil, the ditch is buried by the design bottom of the bottom drainage and the ejected mineral soil is folded into the quarry. This is the end of the ditch passage work.

In order to allow the tractor working on a milling cutter to closely approach the quarry, the pit wall is arranged with a slope of 1: 4. This will also have a positive effect on the drying of peat (Fig. 2).

The proposed method of production is more economical than the known methods; in addition, it provides an opportunity to increase the production of peat due to the resulting carved peat.

The method is applicable to peats with a low sputtering and crumbiness up to 30%.

In the right-of-way, not only cut peat can be mined, as described above, but this strip can be developed by milling machines, as well as the bulk of the massif.

Subject invention

The method of conducting drainage ditches for milling peat extraction with a gradual deepening of the ditch as the peat deposit is depleted, characterized in that on both sides of the ditch (in the estrangement zone) the peat deposit is developed in horizontal layers ahead of this development in depth compared with the development of the main part of the array.

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FIG. one

FIG. 2

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