SU59063A1 - Integrating counter, for example, to machines for measuring skin area or volume - Google Patents

Description

The proposed device is designed to automatically calculate the sum, we variables that are returned by the reciprocating movement of the rod indicator, for example:

1. Work as the sum of the elementary work of a variable force on certain finite small values of the path, equal to each other.

2. The areas of leather and other materials, as sums of elementary areas, are produced by producing variable widths for a certain finite-small elementary length.

3. The volume of leather and other materials, as sums of elementary volumes, which are the product of a variable cross section and an elementary length, c ,.

Mechanical friction-type integrators are already known, performing the same work as the proposed device (disk, friction integrators). Theoretically, these friction integrators should work on the friction of katani without any slippage.

In practice IB, there is a significant slippage and therefore the accuracy of the best friction counters does not exceed. 1-2%, and usually they give 3-5% error (the latter can go up to 20%).

 A special disadvantage of such counters is their low sensitivity, because they begin to give reliable readings only starting from 10-15% of the maximum values of summable values, due to the fact that at small radii the specific slip weight is extremely large (there is no , and there is only a slip).

In a number of cases, not only the relative magnitude of the fracture is important, but also its absolute magnitude, as well as the sensitivity of the instrument; For example, when measuring areas, a rather small error of 1-2% gives for large skins an absolute error of 6-12 dm skins, which is already a perceptible value that plays a role with large quantities of skins.

The proposed device, based on the principle of ratchet-free frictionless transmission, has a heightening sensitivity that is the same as with

lik,; and at nominal values of the measured size.

It is intended, in particular, to be used as an interrator for machines that measure the area and volume of hard skins.

The counter consists, according to the invention, of: and. A cylinder about its axis, kinematically connected with an indicator arrow or the like, with an organ and supplied. and its surface ratchet rifled. This cutting is located in the helix and interacts with the ratchet disc of the disc, which is driven simultaneously in a reciprocating movement in the direction of its axis and in oscillatory-rotational motion around its axis.

 The first of these movements is connected to a disk with a pawl from a stock indicator of a measured value, and the second is from a drive of a measuring device through a hinge, lever or other gear.

Due to this combined movement of the pawl, the cylinder at each stroke, the indicator rod rotates by an angle proportional to the elementary value of the measured value.

The kinematic connection of the cylinder with the index arrow or the like is made by the body through a roller clutch, wedging with when the cylinder is rotated only in the direction.

In order to increase the sensitivity of the device, instead of one cylinder, two cylinders can be used, equipped with oppositely positioned ratchet teeth and alternately linked to the index arrow, and d, carrying ratchet paws for the cylinders, can be associated with a common indicator stem.

In FIG. 1 shows schematically the entire counter in a vertical section along the axis; FIG. 2 is a section along the line CD in FIG. 1, from which the work of snores in the second part of the mechanism is visible; FIG. 3 is a schematic plan of one of the meter assemblies (four-lever toggle mechanism) designed to create an oscillatory movement; Fig. 4 is a plan view of a roller clutch connecting the meter master cylinder with the instrument pointer; FIG. 5 shows a second embodiment of the counter of the dual construction, and FIG. 6 shows a section along AB in FIG. five.

The rod indicator 1 moves up and down, with the rise of the summed value (force, width, cross section, etc.)

With the help of a double axial ball bearing 2, the rod 1 is connected to the disk 3, capable of making oscillatory movement (around the vertical axis so that the brush can move the disk 3 in the vertical direction, not moving it around the vertical axis and not rotating wherein.

The BHIHT 4 and locknut 5 regulate the pressing force of the bearing to perform the operation of the brush 1.

The disk 3 slides along two guide rods 6, imparting a rotational-oscillatory motion.

From below, the rods 6 are connected between each other by a disk 7, resting the bottom surface on a ballon 8.

From above, they are connected by a jumper 9 to the shaft 10, the upper bearing for which is the center punch 11.

The amplitude of torsional vibrations of the system 3, 6, 7, 8, 10 can be different, depending on the need, but in all cases less than 360 °.

The system receives these vibrations (in the case of a cylindrical gear 12, 13) from the hinge mechanism 14, 15, 16, 17, as shown in FIG. 3 and receiving movement from the general driving mechanism of the machine on which the integrator counter is installed.

The length of the links is 15, 16, 17 and the distance is 00 along the distance of 1 in such a way that with the continuous unilateral rotation of the crank 15, the crank 17 receives an oscillatory motion around its axis.

Gear ratio of gear pair

12 and 13 provides the desired amplitude of oscillation of the system 3, 7, 9, 10.

On the disk 3 (Fig. 1 and 2) the doggie 18 (Fig. 2) is hinged forwards; the spring 19 is always pressed against the wall of the cylinder 20. The dog 18 transmits movement from the disk 3 to the cylinder 20 when it encounters the teeth of the latter in a counterclockwise direction.

The ratchet qilin-dr 20 (fig. 1) is the main part of the integrator counter. One part of its inner surface is provided with an internal gear ratchet, consisting of grooves bounded on one side by a vertical, and on the other side by a spiral stepped line.

A corner 20a is welded to the bottom of the cylinder 20 and serves as the upper disc of the thrust ball bearing 21 on which the cylinder 20 rests.

The upper flange 20b of the cylinder 20 is associated with axial ball bearing 22, which is the upper bearing i of the cylinder 20.

The load bearing cage 22 is connected to the fixed bearing 23.

The cylindrical spring 24 engages the cylinder 20 with the support 23 and serves to return the cylinder to its initial position after it is no longer affected by the pawl 18.

This initial position is determined by the contact of the pin 25 (FIG. 2), which is rigidly connected to the cylinder 20, with a stop pin 26.

This thrust pin can be moved (: not shown in the drawing) and thus i will give the adjustment adjustment of the initial position of the cylinder I 20:

On the support 23 (fig. 1) it is supported by a c-: to c 27, which has an eccentric spiral helical grooves (fig. 4). J in ice6e.

The rollers 28 are placed in these slots. The rollers 28, the worm to 27 and the upper part of the flange 20b together form a roller clutch for inclusion.

When cylinder 20 with flange | 20b is rotated counterclockwise with the first arrow (fig. 2), then the rollers 28 are wedged and the cylinder 20 is screwed together and the worm has turned to 27, forcing them; rotate together. |

When the cylinder 20 rotates in the opposite direction, the coupling 20L, 27, 28 is wedged and the screw to 27 stops rotating.

In order for the worm to 27 not to be carried away with the reverse turning of the cylinder 20, it is under the influence of an adjustable braking device 29, 30.

The rotation of the screw 27 is transmitted to the gear 31, and from it the pointing arrow 32, showing the measured total value (work, area, volume, etc.) on the respectively graduated scale 33.

The work of the integrator counter is as follows.

The rise of the rod 1 characterizes the value of the total variable (force, width, transverse section, etc.). The greater this value, the greater will be the rise of the stem I. When it is raised, the shaft 1 raises the disk 3 with the dog 18.

On the other hand, the disk 3 receives a rotational movement from the drive device 14, 15, 16, 17, etc.

Dog 18 for one full swing makes a working stroke (in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 2) to the side and idling in the opposite direction.

The dog 18 of the working stroke passes over the smooth inner surface of the cylinder 20 before meeting the front tooth of the ratchet part of this cylinder, and the rest of the working stroke goes along with the cylinder, turning it through a certain angle. This angle of rotation of the cylinder 20 will be the greater, the earlier the dog will meet the ratchet surface, and therefore will be proportional to the lifting of the rod 1, i.e., the sum of the summed force, width, cross section, etc.

The cylinder 20, turning at working stroke, turns on the roller clutch and through the screw pair 27, 31 moves the pointer arrow 32 on the scale 33 by the corresponding amount.

When you reverse the rotation of the disk 3, the dog 18 moves away from the ratchet surface of the cylinder 20 to its original position.

By the time it approaches the initial position, the cylinder 20 returns to the initial position under the action of the spring 24.

The reverse of cylinder 20 shuts off roller clutch 20b, 27, 28 and does not reflect on the position of arrow 32.

Thus, the movement of the arrow 32 on the scale 33 reflects a part of the total value, which is the product of the value measured by the rod 1 by the path corresponding to the full oscillation of the disk 3 in one and the other direction, i.e. one full cycle of the instrument.

This value corresponds to an element of the total size (work, area, volume, etc.) that would have been obtained if the brush 1 had remained at that height at the height of the cycle at the moment the pawl 18 met the ratchet surface. cylinder 20.

For each subsequent cycle, the operation of the device is repeated, the movements of the arrows are summed up on the scale, and at the end of the measurement the position of the arrow 32 on a scale 33 shows the measured total value.

At the end of the measurement, the arrow 32 returns to the zero position by pressing the button (the device for returning the arrow to its original position is not shown in the drawing).

The accuracy of the instrument readings in the amount of 200-250 cycles per minute allows for a maximum error not exceeding 0.5%.

At the same time, its sensitivity does not depend on the total value of its indications.

Shown in FIG. 1-4, the design of the counter of a single construction has the disadvantage that the working part of the stroke of the cylinder 20 with respect to the duration of a double stroke — the entire cycle is small (half of the cycle — idling is not used).

FIG. 5 and 6 show another embodiment, the iB of which eliminated this drawback by using the idle part of the stroke of the first cylinder by the second ratchet cylinder

and turning it into the working part of the second cylinder stroke.

In this form of execution of the indicator flap 1, the jumper 34 vertically moves the disks 35a and 35b, which play the same role, CT01 and the disk 3 in FIG. 1-4.

These discs are driven in oscillatory motion by forks 36, which receive motion from one common toothed rack 37, which in turn reciprocates from the crankshaft 38 associated with the machine.

The disks 35a and 35b carry spring-loaded ratchet paws 39 (FIG. 6).

On the shafts 56, ratchet cylinders 40 and 41 are mounted. The connection between the shafts and cylinders is carried out by roller couplings (Fig. 6), similar to the couplings 20b, 28, 27.

Gears 42, 43 and 44, 45, 46 connect cylinders 40 and 41 to a worm gear pair 47, 48 and an indicator arrow 49 moving along bar 50. The numbers 51 and 52 designate brakes.

Loads 53 serve to return cylinders 40 and 41 to their original position with stops 54, 55.

The ratchet cylinder 40 differs from the cylinder 20 of the first embodiment only in that the ratchet teeth are cut on its outer surface.

The cylinder 41 differs from the cylinder 40 in that the cutting of the teeth is carried out in the opposite direction (Fig. 6).

The operation of each of the cylinders 40, 41 in one cycle is identical to the operation of the cylinder 20 of FIG. I, i.e., for the first half of the cycle (working stroke), it rotates, moves the arrow 49 to read it, and in the second half of the cycle it rotates idle without being connected to the pointing arrow 49.

The scale is calibrated so that the value of the reference is equal to only half of the reference in FIG. one.

The disks 35a and 35b are rotated by the rail 37 in the same direction, but thanks to the counter-direction of the dogs 39 and ratchet cutting on the cylinders 40 and 41, the cylinder 41 has a hollow