SU59845A1 - The method of obtaining drying oils - Google Patents

Description

A number of patents are known, for example, Germ., Pat. No. 272465 and No. 273347, in which it is proposed, by treating fish oil and Borvaia with superheated steam, to obtain drying oils and replaceable drying oil.

The process suggested nyTeiM splitting fats and distilling fatty acids with superheated steam (temperature 375-400 °) for 25-30 hours. According to Germany, Pat. No. 282306, it is recommended to carry out the process under vacuum to speed up the process and increase the yield. Fat can also be applied, before treatment with superheated vapors, to undergo splitting in an autoclave in the presence of either manganese sulphate or alkaline earths and similar substances (germ. Pat. No. 273347), i.e., in this case, pre-treatment with superheated steam The process of heating ma-sat with water under pressure.

Similarly, according to Germ, patent Ao 276430 proposes a preliminary digestion by enzymatic means.

The treatment of fats with superheated steam in the presence of catalysts is also known.

According to the proposed method, in which the process of preliminary

splitting and treatment with superheated steam are combined in a single operation; treatment with superheated steam is carried out in the presence of CaO, ZnO, MpOg or PHO catalysts.

The catalyst in the form of a suspension is introduced into the fat in an amount up to%, then the fat is heated and the steam that is overheated to 300-400 ° C is started to pass. Over time, the introduced oxides dissolve (to form the salt: fatty acids) "begins to occur. Intensive distillation of more limiting acids occurs.

Together, the lengthy processing provided for by said German patents, the process according to the proposed method ends in 3-5 hours. As a result, an oxlo horosho drying oil is obtained in the residue and OKO is 35-40% of solid fatty acids (titer 34 °) suitable for soap making.

Experiments have shown that this process is also suitable for the treatment of semi-drying and non-drying vegetable oils, for example, cotton and other oils.

Example. An aluminum cube equipped with electrical heating (m and supply of superheated steam is charged with 1000 g of ivase fat with an iodine number of 164.8 and 10 g of OXID) and heat is turned on. 300-310 ° C. After 20 minutes the temperature of the fat reaches 285 °, after which, with an uninterrupted superheated steam, the temperature is maintained within 275-285 ° .The process of selective cleavage of fat and distillation of more saturated acids lasts about 3 hours.

As a result of fat processing, 42.5% of solid acids and 52.5% of the residue in the bottom are obtained (polymerizate).

Acids are characterized by white color, titer 34 °, saponification number 197.7 and iodine number 77.6; the neat content is 1.54%. From these acids it is possible to obtain a light solid soap, characterized by good foaminess. -;

XapaKfepHCtHKa residue in the cube:, 13, the number of saponified .L "

neither - 172.04, iodine NUMBER - 97.07; the color of the product is similar to the original and basil fat. Siccativa and mineral spirit 1DO of low viscosity are added to the polymer to obtain a varnish. The drying oil obtained in this way dries in less than 20 hours and gives a transparent cast film, which is more hard than that of linseed oil.

The subject matter of the invention.

The method of obtaining drying oils from fish oils, blubber and the like fats by treating them with superheated steam to distill the saturated fractions of fatty acids in the presence of Catalysts, in particular, using ZnO, CaO, MnO as catalysts. , silt "PYO.