SU40003A1 - Adjustment to the table of a polarization microscope for crystal-optical measurements - Google Patents

Description

At the end of the past, the century of S. C. Fedor Yun was a proposal for studying crystals of iodine, a special microscope, and a selection. representing a circular glass plate, we rotate the cutting of the three axes, the passage 11 and X is the center of it, which is located on the axes of the micro-chip. This device is widely used among petrographers and jiocirr of the Fodorov table. Fedg's table: the grove makes it possible to set up: 1; the main optical planes of the crystal coincide with the optical axis of the microscope and allow 1; to grow the preparation of crystal i; the mouth of nonlenic planes. Four of the four axes on the Fedorov limb table allow the spherical coordinates of the axes of the optical pinnacle to be determined, depending on the plane of the crystal preparation or Plyph of the rock, which contains a defined crystal.

The variants of the glass hemispheres proposed by the present invention, as well as the Fedorov table, allow the light to interfere in different directions in the crystal and find them. crystal spherical coordinates of the optical axes and other characteristic directions in it. These devices, however, are not as convenient for rotating a crystal around the axes of an optical indicatrix as Fedorov's table; in the third, proposed by the inventor of carnant, there is a fixed axis of rotation, similar to the axis of rotation J of Fedorov’s table, and therefore this i option can replace Fedorok’s table during normal geologist’s work in cases where the table serves to determine minerals and not more complete crystal optic or crystallographic study of them.

(376)

According to CBoeii KOHCTpjKUiiH, the Fodorio table, however, is a more complex device than 1; redlp1-a.my Pmuspheres, and the last / dna, r in addition, can be found for mass petrographic work more njinioKoe than a table.to .

The characteristics of the studied and glued to the hemisphere of the cr {: hundred, -; le characteristic nanowave-lines to so; l; alec of the optical;) th axis of the wrist screen are produced by rotating the half-figure of the tsirgig according to the corresponding 1; lenses in Yarp Pta.h Lerk and the second and by rotating it:; metall-seem n third option.

AND:; PRPD11Zhe Shom Che; 1Tem-; with FPG. I and 2 pzobrp; - .yug hemisphere with D11у51 arcs, rotating in the equator of the equator p-musfer ring; FIG. 3 - 1 olusphere with a sliding segment and. 4 p 5 - hemisphere with one) neaodEpzhpoy axis 1; raschen1) I.

1a A hemisphere with two arms located on a ring rotating in the equatorial plane of the hemisphere (Fig. 1 p 2). The dimensions of the hemisphere radius for the option with arms are 16 mm; This is done in order to use, with the help of an artificially convex lens, 1) of which the hemisphere is rotated, to obtain at its center a descent of a ray of rays with an aperture of approximately 50 °.

To expand the equatorial plane of the hemisphere, the latter is attached to a flat metal colp. The hemisphere is equipped with the Assistive glass segment, which is usual for the Fedorov table, on which it is convenient to have a cross of two diameters in the center of the center of the segment of diameters and two

matching lines intersecting at the top of a segment of an arc of large circles.

In order to determine the spherical coordinates of the subjects in a crystal, two crystals are used; having degree divisions, bows; Noslednye can be raschagny bOKpyi metal axes attached to the ring, rotated around the equator of the hemisphere. These axes are, as it were, materialized by the extended ends of the diameter of the hemisphere, located at a right angle in its equatorial plane. The insignificant friction of the arms when they rotate around the axes makes their reagreement to determine the coordinates of the inclination of the olusfgry very well. The readings of the degrees on the arms are made by setting the tick marks on the center of the cross in the eye. Transparent colorless and colored celluloid ribbons affixed to the arms are applied, and in the latter there is a slot for observing the numbers of tape divisions.

The numbers of degree divisions on one side of 0 °, located laa at the top of the bow, have a positive value, on the other - negative; This value is marked with various forms of photographs obtained on tapes. Different colors of celluloid ribbons are necessary in order to observe the numbers in the transmitted light through the ocular to distinguish the numbers of the inside of the bow from the numbers of the outermost bow.

The system of measuring arms for measuring the coordinates of the slope has an advantage over other methods of measurement used on the Fedorov table and on rotating instruments (Drehapparate); it is i; volume, 4fo observation of degree divisions; A hundred is produced through the eye of the river.

Slides with a thickness of 1 .lg with thin u; the rocks of the rocks are glued to the hemisphere with the help of glycerol or another suitable liquid with the side of the slide rather than the cover glass; therefore, in the manufacture of a hemisphere from its equatorial plane, it is necessary to cut (polish) a layer of glass 1 mm thick to 1 mm.

By rotating the hemisphere in its stand - a concave-convex lens, rotating the ring with the arms in the plane eq;: the hemispheric atom and one of the arms around the hemispheric diameter, you can bring the main optical plane of the crystal to be determined one or both in coincidence with the optical axis of the macroscope and to match with the plane of this bow. Such a coincidence makes it possible to rotate the crystal cut in its main optical plane.

To draw on the stereographic grid, the projections of the characteristic found in the crystal of the crayons and the planes use the Wolfe grid. The poles of the nariopleg; anos tsp or in the intersection of small circles or in the intersection of the large and small KpyiOB finally at the intersection of large circles (arcs and diameters). The center angular spacing of the curvature point of the arc, representing the projection of the U.IOCKO net on the grid, is determined by the degree of the d-angle on one of the hemispheric arches; the azimgut of the angle, according to the arc of the diameter of the segka, is 1-; .

16. Hemisphere with one handle on a rotating. M in the equatorial plane of the hemisphere ring. This instrument is different from the previous one, that instead of two arches it has one bow. The methods for working with such a device are as follows. To determine the spherical coordinates of the vector, set the rotation of the hemisphere in its stand and the rings with the handle around the circle and the zero division of the handle on the optical axis of the microscope, specify the direction of the vector, and rotate the table of the microscope; and the plane of the dzzhka coincides with the thread of the cross of the ocular; then the ring with the handle is rotated on QO, for which an ocular cross is used and the central angular distance — positive or negative — is counted on the handle. Finally, the hemisphere is rotated until the zero division of the arcs of the sun coincides with the intersection of the nitrous cross of the ocular, and in such a normal position of the hemisphere the azimuth of the plane of incidence of its equator is determined. The azimuth angle is measured on the microscope sia table between the NS line drawn on the plane of the auxiliary segment and the center line of the bow drawn on the celluloid le;:

2, Hemisphere with a sliding segment (protractor) (Fig. 3). In order to determine the spherical coordinates of the inclination of the hemisphere of a larger size, about 35 ml (rotating 3 flat-concave lenses, it is possible to suggest a segment that slides into a half-sphere).

A segment (protractor) made of glass or plastic mass, slightly moistened with glycerin, slides simultaneously to-ak over the hemisphere, and along the stand, in the form of a concave-flat lens. A sliding segment (protractor) with a wall thickness between its spherical surfaces of about 3–4 mm has the shape of a spherical trapezium: its upper and lower surfaces 01 are limited to parallel and form arcs of 90 °; sideways - arcs in 6HH 11 have degree divisions. But the hemisphere has circumferences on the equatorial plane also in degrees.

To work on a hemisphere with wilnfamn of normal sizes, it is useful to have one or two schrotic circles on its spherical surface with a hacher cage (for example, on a 30 and 60 ° leg),

The strike azimuth; aclo:; 110y: the hemispheric planes are determined by the division of the hemisphere's neighborhood, in which the top of the hemisphere: Rapicgin od1: S side surface, the sleep surface of the hemisphere. The angle of incidence of the hemisphere plane is distinguished by the case ;; and on the other side surface of the segment.

3. A hemisphere with one fixed axis of rotation (Fig. 5). The hemispheres of points 1 and 2 are mainly adapted for measuring the angle between the inclusions; onji P1) 11 are also suitable for b; .strogs1 measurements on the microscope with the hetched autocollimation angle:;; faces of small crystals, but the names are not so simple and precise: it is possible to find and measure the main optical planes, to do this sgolyks Fedorov, Poetoiu, ll uprsgsenap and easy work

According to Fyodorov’s method, one can suggest an arior shown in FIG. 5 and named the inventor of the hemisphere on the rocking chair.

In this device, a glass hemisphere or a hemispherical thick-walled glass cup that replaces it is — a sphere ball 3 with the axis of rotation of this device connected in a ring; representing a part of a hemispherical metal chunk, separated from it by cross-sections, parallel to the equator and located, natfimer, ia level 20-: 0 and 30th degree) SPB ry company (model A) or at level 1-5 n 25 ° latitude (model B).

The axis of rotation of the instrument (rocker) passes through the center of rotation of the hemisphere in the ring. The axis of rotation can be provided with a vertical limb. The ring can be fitted with odd handles.

This ring can rotate:

1) a hemisphere with arches on the wasps, which are spun on a non-movement .. its rim;

2) a hemisphere with a sliding segment - a proctor;

3) hemisphere; equipped with one :: lm of measuring and auxiliary segments (see auth. list. No. 40005).

The ring is equipped with two marks, gahod soup. kc in the plane, n; a rotary ring passing through the diameter and perpendicular to the axis of rotation; and two marks in the plane passing through the ego axis. Labels are applied to the ring on all sides.

| By matt spherical upper hemispheres along the Bepxriefl and the lower circumference of the ring, small circles and arcs of small circles can be drawn with a pencil.

Rocking model B is less convenient for its rotation in a hemisphere ring than model A; Equipped with a precise hemisphere with degree divisions to its equator: Model B will, however, directly measure the azimuth of the strike line inclined in the ring of the hemisphere plane by directly counting the degree divisions on the hemisphere.

Instead of applying degree divisions to the hemisphere plane, it is possible at the edge of the raw JMO velocity of the hemisphere used on model B to apply erased lines with a pencil that mark the direction of its inclination, the diameter of the plane of the hemisphere or chord when the center of rotation is inaccurate hemispheres. is above its plane.

In this direction, by rotating the hemisphere in the ring, the coincidence or parallel position with marks on it that are parallel to the diameter of the ring and the NS thread of the eyepiece, will allow by rotation; measure the angle between the XS filament of the eyepiece and the diameter NS of the measuring segment, i.e., measure the azimuth angle of the lipip stretch of the inclined hemisphere.

On the hemisphere rotating in the ring of the model B rocking, along the upper edge of the ring, it is possible to draw large circular circles and thus be used to determine the coordinates of the hemisphere in the ring by the methods of Professor A. V. Shubnikov (Lomonosois inspectituts. Issue 3, Leningrad, 1933) In addition, a model can be proposed with a bulging part (s) of a narrow ring up and partly down. Handles mode.sh With stand up D) level at the equatorial circumference of the hemisphere, in its positepin on the device, when it is normal to the optical axis of the microscope, and the axis of the rocking arm is crossed on the mark in 0 °.

Of the four bows of the model C. denoted by the letters N. S, W, O, two, namely V and O, are both planes passing through the axis of rotation of the rocker, and are provided with degrees in degrees; the other two are in a plane perpendicular to the pumping platform and passing through,: without the center of the ring; The arms N and S of the degree divisions do not have. When determining the spherical coordinates of the hemisphere inclined in the center of the plane of the hemisphere, the bow of the N p S allows the definition of the coordinates of the planes to be used to determine and determine the azimuth of the simple line of the hemisphere, while the bow and W of the angle of incidence. The arms of W and O have P1 odol; Kenya and Vpi: Ko.chtsa.

Another model D of a rocking chair may be used, which has only W and O shafts on the ring, and a model E that has only shackles of Xn S.

Rocking chairs with a vertical limb will be conveniently indicated by adding a second letter to the letter designation of a rocking chair; Similarly, in addition to the models A, B, C, D, E b}, there will be more models. And AL, EL, CL, DL and EL.

The methods for determining the spherical coordinates of the hemisphere tilt with respect to the optical axis of the microscope when working with a hemisphere on models A, B and E are based on using diameters of the auxiliary segment of diameters drawn on the measuring axis and the quality of coordinate axes on the optical installation perpendicular to the diameters relative to optical axis of the microscope. These methods are described in the work of the PzoH retatel, On glass hemispheres and spheres for crystal-optical measurements on the polarization microscope cap. Moscow 1934 (Proceedings of the Institute njii: Treasure of Miperalosha, Issue 65).

P; 1 e d emetra t; and

1. An attachment to the table of a polarization microscope for cristoscopic measurements, consisting of which can rotate in a stand, as in a ball pinch. glass hemispheres, supplying one klk to two different diameters, having degrees of division and rotating around the axes lying on the equatorial plane of the hemisphere, characterized in that the axes of rotation of the indicated arches, 1, extensions either from M-tall, or from a curd material, or their combinations are reinforced with an ia ring with a dash for the readout, which is short around the rim of the hemisphere or but the encircled circle of the flat ring, to which the hemisphere is paired (Figures 1 and 2).

2. Change of pr11s..teii on and. 1. characterized in that instead of the arcs of the hemispheric rim, provided with divisions of the hemisphere, a sliding iio of the surface of the hemisphere is used: a concave convex segment, having the shape of a spherical trapezque and supply;

the plane, the circumference of the equatorial plane of the hemisphere is provided with divisions (Fig. 3. 3. Adaptation 1-2. A modification, characterized by the fact that instead of the weHetsa glass field, the glass floor is a spherical thick-stepped cup or ball (Fig. 4).

4. The form of the implementation of the device ;; about PP. 1-3, characterized by the use of a modified Bregger fixture consisting of a spherical ring-ring rotating around an axis and hemispheres placed in a ring or replacing them with hemispherical cups (Fig. 1).

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