SU35441A1 - Instrument for demonstrating the hydrostatic properties of liquids - Google Patents

Description

Instruments for clarifying the laws of fluid pressure to the bottom and walls of a vessel, in which the bottom or wall is made mobile and balanced by weights suspended on cords thrown over the blocks, are known as well as devices made in the form of a prism with the same purpose. protruding to one side walls.

In the proposed device, which is an open vessel with walls protruding in one direction, the bottom is made rotatable on the horizontal axis, with half of the bottom located directly along the entire liquid column with an open surface, and the other under the liquid filling the protruding part of the vessel or In another embodiment of the device, the rotary bottom of the device is shaped as a wheel with buckets formed by the side walls of the wheel with dentlike protrusions, and to equalize the hydrostatic pressure on one of the said protrusion in replacing the movable guides the vessel bottom, suitably suspended load.

In FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of an instrument for demonstrating the properties of liquids; FIG. 2-

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another form of the device, also in vertical section.

The first version of the device (Fig. 1) is a quadrangular (in plan) vessel C, open at the top, filled to any level with any kind of liquid. The bottom of this vessel is a horizontal plate d, which is not connected to the vertical: and: the vessel's C, but only hermetically, with minimal friction (for which rubber gaskets can be used), touches them and can rotate around the axis O the limits allowed by the two stops y. .To ensure that the ends of the plate d, while rotating it, do not move away from the walls of the device, the latter in these places are bent accordingly.

The second variant of the device (Fig. 2), consisting of a quadrangular (in plan) vessel C open and equal in width, rotating around the axis O, the wheel fC with buckets formed by the side walls B of the wheel and toothed projections 3, is only A special form of the device in FIG. 1, whose equal-lever lever (board) d has been replaced by a similar one in essence and the purpose of the wheel L. The lower open end of vessel C, having lateral arcuate appendages M covering the buckets / and /// around the circumference, is hermetically sealed with minimal friction, adjacent to the circumference of the wheel L. Thus, when any of the buckets of the wheel K is in the position of the bucket // on FIG. 2, it is like a continuation (segment) of vessel C, the radial plane of this bucket being at this moment a seemingly moving horizontal bottom of vessel C. Due to the presence of appendages M, the internal space of vessel C is completely separated from the external space and, therefore, the liquid can pour out of the device only when the bucket /// comes out of the appendage covering M.

The load G suspended on the cord ff to the left side of the wheel / G keeps the latter from rotating under the influence of the weight of the fluid in the buckets from the right standhobi. The wall serves as a support for the axis O of the wheel, and the E-pillar supports vessel C.

The effect of both versions of the device, which is paradoxical due to the hydrostatic properties of liquids, is as follows.

The device in FIG. 1, the d plane is horizontal, and in FIG. 2- the radial plane of the bucket II, located directly below the vertical columns of liquid in the vessels C located above them, is replaced at the bottom of the latter and, therefore, must serve as an area of support for the liquid as a weighty body. But since the planes d are so easily movable and devoid of external support, it would seem that they should then descend under the action of a force equal to the weight of the whole above the plane e of the vertical liquid column.

In reality, the following will occur. In the device in FIG. 1, if its bottom is completely horizontal, the pressure forces acting on both (right and left of axis C) of its half will be perfectly equal. At the slightest inclination of the bottom d, for example, to the left, this equality of forces is violated and the bottom d will be pressed against the lower stop I / s with a force equal to only the double weight of the fluid contained in the volume bounded by the plane of the left half of the bottom d in its horizontal position. This will occur due to an increase in the height of the liquid level above the lowered bottom half of the bottom (f and an equal decrease in the height of the liquid level above the raised right half of the bottom q, (a consequence of the second Pascal law).

Similarly, in the device in FIG. 2, the equilibrium of the wheel K will be disturbed by a force equal to the weight of the liquid filling the volumes of the buckets I, II and HI, or one bucket // if the others are empty.

The described operation of the devices testifies to the reliability of the law of conservation of energy, in its application to the system consisting of earth and elevated to the height of the body, which in this case is the fluid in the vessels C.

The correctness of this conclusion is proved by the fact that if b1 of the plane d in the devices of FIG. 1 and the bucket radial plane / 7 in the device in FIG. 2 went down with force proportional to the weight of the entire vertical liquid column above this plane, and, say, to overcome the friction between the instrument walls and their subsurface parts would be required 5 kg, and the weight of all the liquid in the vessels C would be equal, for example, 100 k, then we could bring the bottom to the bottom in FIG. 1 and to the left side of the wheel A in FIG. 2 weights, approximately 90 kg, would raise them to a certain height (the level of the liquid in the vessels C would remain unchanged). This would result in a corresponding increment of the potential energy of the system in the form of loads raised to a height, not without an equivalent decrease in the potential energy of another system represented by a liquid body in vessel O, since the mass of the liquid, while descending downwards in the devices in FIG. 2, would be many times (depending on the capacity of vessels C) less than the mass of the lifted loads, and in the device in FIG. 1, in the position of the liquid relative to the earth, no change would have occurred, since here the movement of the part of the liquid on the right is compensated by raising up the equal mass of the liquid on the left.

Then, if the force causing the wheel K to rotate in the device in FIG. 2, as well as the force rotating to the right bottom d in the device in FIG. 1, was equal to the weight of the entire liquid column in vessel C, then wheel K could easily be transformed into a perpetual motor, since for continuous rotation it would be enough to surround it with a solid rim, continuing the P9 circumference of the appendage M, or completely immerse it in liquid , and in both cases the loss of liquid from vessel C would be eliminated.

 But since such a result, for the reasons stated above, is impossible, the device in FIG. 2, in connection with the instruments of FIG. 1 gives a very obvious experimental proof of the impossibility of an eternal motor.

The subject matter of the invention.

Claims (2)

1. An instrument for demonstrating the hydrostatic properties of liquids using an open-top vessel made in the form of a prism with walls protruding in one direction, characterized by the use of a bottom d rotatable on the axis O (Fig. 1), half of which is located directly under the entire liquid column with an open surface and the friend is under the liquid filling the protruding part of the vessel. 2. The form of the instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that the swivel bottom of the instrument is shaped as a wheel with buckets formed by side walls of the wheel and tooth-shaped projections 3, which wheel is covered by cylindrical parts M-M of the vessel, and to equalize the hydrostatic pressure on the walls of the bucket // applied load G.