SU32543A1 - Device for automatic signal transmission - Google Patents

Description

In some cases, it is necessary to telegraph signals CONSISTING of long and short current pulses (dashes and dots), such as, for example, Morse telegraph signals. Such a case takes place, in particular, during the transmission of distress signals, when a ship in a crash is reported by radio, according to international agreement, the longitude and latitude of the crash site in degrees and minutes.

The transfer of the geographical coordinates of the ship’s location is the most difficult from the point of view of automation. On the one hand, it is desirable, if possible, to fully automate the transmission of distress signals, on the other hand, it is impossible to foresee in advance at what point of the globe a catastrophe will occur. Therefore, it is not possible to completely eliminate the element of human activity at the time of the crash. However, it is advisable to simplify the necessary operations in order to avoid errors that are natural with a general disorder reigning on board at such moments.

The object of the present invention is a device that meets the above-mentioned requirements, the invention having the aim of, among other things, simply (218) I

That mechanisms and compactness provide ease of dialing numbers, and, consequently, the accuracy of such.

In FIG. 1 schematically depicts Morse signals corresponding to numbers from O to 9; FIG. 2-pins located around the circle and used to send any of these numbers; FIG. 3 and 4, various forms of the contact system; FIG. 5 is a device for sending distress signals; FIG. a b-circuit for electrically controlling the contact system, and FIG. 7 and 8-separate parts of the device.

As can be seen from FIG. 1, the signals corresponding to the numbers from zero to nine consist of the same elements arranged only in a different order, so if you take a well-known contact system with circumferential contacts of unequal length (five pins, corresponding dashes, and five short, corresponding, point), then, starting to transmit pulses from different contacts, you can transmit any of the signals shown in FIG. 1. For example, if you go in the direction of the hour hand and, starting with signal 7, finish the transmission on pin 7, then you can receive pulses corresponding to one (point, four

dash). Starting with number 2, one can receive pulses corresponding to number 2, etc. Thus, the task is to be able, if desired, to begin transmission from any contact and part of the contacts of the contact system of FIG. 2 make it idle. An exemplary embodiment of such a device is shown in FIG. 3. As can be seen from the drawing, each of the circumferentially located contacts O, 1, 2 ... 8, 9 of unequal length corresponds to ten identical contacts 50, 51, 52 .... 58, 59 arranged in a circle concentric with first, at equal angular distances x. Each of the contacts 50, 51 59 is connected to its corresponding contact (, 1 .... 9. The metal ring 60 connected to one of the poles of the electric circuit can move through the external contacts (the rotating one with the brush is connected to the other). The ring 60 in each Only five out of ten external contacts close the position. In the position shown in the drawing, only the contacts 7, 2, 3, 4, 5 are connected to the pole of the electric circuit, which, therefore, are working. , 8, 9, O are disconnected and, therefore, should be considered inoperable. when the brush rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow, the current is closed at contacts 5, 4, 3, 2, J and does not close at the other contacts. Thus, five short pulses will be sent to the circuit or five points will be transmitted, i.e. E. Figure 5. If you turn the ring 60 by 30 ° in the direction of the clockwise rotation, then the contact 5 becomes inoperative and the contact O is working.When the brush rotates, four short current pulses and one long or four dots and one dash enter the circuit. i.e. figure 4. If you turn the ring 60 another 30 ° will be transferred figure 3, and so on.

In another form of the device, the ring 60 is made stationary, and the contact field itself moves, having the form of a metal disc with a special shape of cutouts filled with an insulating substance. Between these notches metal protrusions are formed, forming a series of contacts O, 1, 2 ... 5, 9. The disk is mounted

on the hub, which is integral with the shaft. Part of the hub in the form of an annular sector is cut out and filled with insulating material. The contacts, against which the insulating sector 62 falls, are disconnected and, therefore, must be considered, given the relative position of the disc and the hub, to be inoperative. On the contrary, the contacts directly in contact with the metal surface of the hub, connected through the shaft to one of the poles of the electric circuit (the brush is connected to the other pole), are portable, since the passage under the brush closes the circuit and serves short and long current pulses.

With the relative position of the disc and the hub shown in the figure, the number 1 is transmitted. Indeed, when the disc is rotated in the direction indicated by the arrow, one short circuit and four long circuits occur, i.e. a dot and four dashes or a sign corresponding to the digit 1. If you move the disc with respect to the hub by 30 ° in the direction of rotation clockwise (i.e., against the direction of rotation), then contact 2 comes off the insulating sector 62. and becomes the working contact whereas pin 7 will go to the isolation sector and become inoperative. In this case, when rotating in the direction shown by the arrow, a signal is transmitted consisting of two dots and three dashes, i.e. number 2. Similarly, you can pass the number 3, 4, etc.

FIG. 5 depicts the entire transmission device that automatically transmits a distress signal,

According to the requirement of an international convention, the distress signal must consist of

1) Triple SOS signal

2) Figures of hundreds of degrees of longitude

3) “ten tk

4) „units„

5) “ten minutes”

6) „units„ „

7) The letters O (east) or W (west), i.e. hemisphere indications

8) Figures of ten degrees of latitude

9) "units"

10) “ten minutes”

eleven). units „„

12) The letters N (north) or S (south), i.e. instructions

hemisphere 13 The call sign of the vessel.

Accordingly, the transmitter, according to the invention, consists of thirteen disks: 11, 12, 1322, 23. Two

after them, disk 22 and 23 are made. The distribution of signals on the disks is as follows:

11 hundreds of degrees of longitude

12-tenths,

13- units „

14- ten minutes

15- units ",

16- letters O and W

17- ten degrees of latitude

18- units „

19- ten minutes "

20- units „„

21- letters N and S

22- ship call sign

23-SOS (1 time).

Since all the disks rotate at the same time, and only one signal is transmitted at any given moment, the device is equipped with a switching device with a switch equipped with contacts according to the number of disks closed by a brush 10. Notice that, having said that there are as many contacts as we will allow some inaccuracy. In particular, signal 6 is transmitted three times, therefore, in addition to contact 23, there are two more following contacts 24 and 25, also connected to a brush sliding on disk 23. Switching from one disk to another, generally speaking, occurs at the end of the transmission of signals located on drive. When a figure of hundreds of degrees of longitude is transmitted (disk //), bristle 10 turns into contact / 2. A figure of tens is transmitted. At the end of the transfer of this figure, the brush 10 moves to the contact 13, etc. The movement of the brush should be jog-shaped. This can be done both electrically and mechanically controlled.

For electrical control of a switch made, for example, in the form of a step finder, the device shown in FIG. 6. Switching is carried out by three relays 27, 28, 29 and a coil coil 30. One of the relays 28 is slowly released, which is essential

necessary for the success of the entire system.

If the device is idle, the brush 10 is on any contact, for example, on contact 18, corresponding to units of degrees of latitude. Suppose that all preliminary operations (a set of numbers) have already been performed and it remains only to use the device in motion. Turning on the switch (not shown in the drawing), the electric motor rotating the shaft 40 carrying the signal discs is actuated and at the same time the voltage is applied to the clamp 37, 38 (Fig. 5) of the signal circuit. The shaft 40, and thus the disk 18, begins to rotate, and after some time one of the working contacts of the disk 18 fits under the brush 18 and the relay 23 closes (current source, contacts 38, 39, 40, 18, 10, 37 relays 28 , contact 26 and current source), which, after bringing its own measles, will open contact 33 and close contact 31 in relay circuit 27 (plus, contact 32, relay 27, minus). Relay 27, having brought its own measles, is blocked by contact 31. Relay 28 is designed so that it cannot lower its core during short breaks between elements of the same sign, equal in duration to a point, but would definitely release measles in case of breaks between individual in numbers, i.e., breaks equal in duration to the dash, i.e. large times. Therefore, at the end of the transfer of the digit dialed on disc 18, relay 28 releases the measles, opens contact 31 and closes the contact. 33. At the same time, relay 27 does not lower the core, since “it has a plus through its pin 31; and the finder circuit 30 closes: plus, contacts 31, 33, 35, finder 30, minus.

The coil of the electromagnet of the searcher 30 is energized and moves the brush 10 from contact 18 to contact 19. If the signal transmission starts again immediately, the relay 28 attracts and opens the circuit of the searching electromagnet, resulting in further movement of the brush 10 from contact 19 to contact 20 going on.

If the signal transmission does not start immediately, all the same, the brush does not go any further, since when the electromagnet is excited, the searcher closes contact 36 VI in the relay circuit 29 (plus, contact 36, relay 29, minus) and this latter attracts its measles, opens the contact 35 in the electromagnet circuit closes the contact 34 and is blocked. The searcher's electromagnet lowers contact 36, however, this does not affect relay 29, since it has a plus through contacts 5 / - 33 and its contact 34. Thanks to the opening of the searcher's electromagnet circuit, the brush / stop movement. This situation remains in effect until the signal circuit is closed again, the relay 28 is energized. It does not open the contact 33 in the relay circuit 29. With the new release of relay 28, the electromagnet of the searcher will re-energize and move the JO brush to the next contact, etc.

For mechanical control of the switch, the device shown in FIG. 7. Shaft 40 is equipped with a worm screw 4J, which interacts with a worm wheel 42. The screw stroke and wheel division must, of course, be calculated accordingly. A brush 10 is fixed on the wheel axis. The contacts are located along a circle concentric with the wheel. The angular distances between the contacts must also be precisely calculated, although the contacts, in general, will not be located at equal distances from each other.

In order to provide an abrupt movement of the brush W, the latter is not rigidly fixed on the wheel axis, but is connected with it by means of a spring. The contacts themselves are designed to provide greater resistance to the movement of the brush. How this can be achieved is shown by way of example in FIG. 8. Here, the lever 37 is rigidly wedged on the axis of the worm gear and rotates continuously with it. The JO brush is stuck in a tight clamp 43, adjusted by a screw 44. At the same time, the spring 38 is tensioned. When the tension is compared to the force of the friction holding the brush H in the clamp 43, it pulls out the brush and with a force cuts it into the next clamp. The friction force in the clamp can be adjusted by the screw 44, and thus, you can get perfectly precise hopping operation of the switch.

The switching device shown in FIG. b, 7, and 8, is fully applied to the device with fixed contacts and rotating brushes shown in FIG. 3

It should be noted that the device does not guarantee (as, indeed, all other known automatic transmitters with a set of numbers) complete equality of the intervals between the individual numbers. In order to achieve at least approximately this equality, it is necessary that the insulating sectors on the hubs of the adjacent disks are shifted against each other by approximately D turnover (270).

The subject matter of the invention.

Claims (2)

1. A device for automatically transmitting signals consisting of current pulses by means of closing and opening the circuit formed by the contacts located along the circumference and the brush sliding along them, characterized in that with the aim that one or the other part of the said contacts could be If desired, it is made working or non-working by means of establishing or breaking the corresponding conductive connections of one pole of an electrical circuit with the indicated contacts, a contact body is applied concentric with a circle along which olozheny said contacts comprising segments of conductive and insulating materials carried guides while turning the closure and break the electrical circuit of said body, regardless of the circumferential positioning of the contacts, contacts, opens and closes the body are arranged at equal angular distances. 2. The form of the device according to claim 1 as applied to transmitting numbers with Morse signs, characterized in that said contacts are made in the form of five short metal segments (dots) and five long metal segments (dashes) separated by one another in short intervals, of which ten contacts at each given moment, only five are connected to the electric circuit.