SU256423A1 - Threshing-separating device - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the design of threshing and separating devices installed mainly on combine harvesters.

Threshing and separating devices are known, including a rotating drum located inside a lattice deck covering it, having a loading window in the middle part and exit windows on either side.

In particular, devices of this type are known, in which the drum is made in the form of two cones adjoining each other. Conic made and the corresponding sections of the drum covering deck.

Making the drum conical complicates the design of the device and makes it difficult to manufacture the drum. In addition, this drum design makes it difficult to supply the grain mass to the drum using a conventional belt conveyor, which makes the threshing process unstable.

The aim of the invention is to simplify the design and increase the reliability of the threshing process.

filled with cylindrical. To maximize the threshing rate, the deck may have one or more conical sections on the sides of the loading window.

In addition, the deck is sectioned, which makes it possible to adjust the gap between the deck and the drum. For this purpose, the deck sections are fixed with the help of rollers placed in the slots of the device body, and are connected by adjustable rods to the mechanism of their movement, which is common to all sections.

In order to improve the conditions for dividing the grain mass flow into two parts, directed from the middle of the drum to the side exit windows, a toothed disk is fixed in the middle part, interacting with a knife fixedly mounted on the device body.

Figure 1 shows one of the variants of the proposed device, a section along the axis of the drum; Figure 2 is another variant of the device; Figure 3 shows the mechanism for adjusting the deck, section along A-A in Figure 2; Fig. 4 shows the node B in Fig. 2 (in Fig. 5, the mechanism for adjusting the tapered sections of the deck, section along C-C in Fig. 2; Fig. 6 shows a section along G-D in Fig. 2. The main worker The device is a drum 1 mounted on a shaft 2. The central part of the drum mainly threshes the mass, while its side parts 3 and 4 are primarily used to separate the threshed mass. The drum is formed by a series of star-shaped disks 5, on the periphery of which installed longitudinal podbichniki b. These strips fasten between each other and together with and form the frame of the ban bar. On the slats along the entire length of the drum there are pests 1 similar to the scourges of conventional threshing devices. Lightweight pests can be installed on the side parts of the drum with the reefs on the scourges of the drum opposite; middle to end of the drum. The central part of the drum 1, located opposite the loading conveyor 8 (see Fig. 3), covers sections 9 and 10 of the deck. The design of the section 9 is similar to the design of decks in known threshing devices. Section 10 serves primarily as a separating grid. The role of the separation lattice is also performed by section 11 and 12 of the deck, covering the armor of the software. In the embodiment of the device shown in FIGS. 2, the deck additionally includes conical sections 13 and 14. Spiral guides may be installed on sections 11 and 12 of the deck, the direction of which corresponds to the separation of the grain mass from the center to the outer ends of the threshing-separator devices. In the center of the drum regulations, flax gear disk 15, interacting with the knife 16 (see Fig. b) “At the ends of the drum are installed the wings 17 and 18 of the blade which are made with an external toothed edge. Fig. 3 shows one of the possible options for adjusting mechanics 1a of section 9, which in the variants shown in the drawings is formed by separate longitudinal sections 19 and 20. In accordance with this variant, sections 9p 19 and 20 have rollers 21 on either side, which placed in the grooves 22 of the housing 23; These grooves are arranged in such a way that when the rollers 21 are moved in them, the sections approach or move away from the drum. The sections are regulated by a lever-screw mechanism, including two double-shouldered levers 24 and 25, mounted on the housing 23, screw hinges 26 and 27, connecting one shoulders of the indicated levers with deck sections and adjustable pulls 28 and 29, connecting other shoulders of the Sychag with rotary device (not shown). FIG. 3 shows one of the possible variants of the mechanism for adjusting the separating sections 11 and 12, as well as the conical sections 13 and 14, if the threshing device is made according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2. In the latter case, to simplify the adjustment mechanism, the conical sections 13 and 14 (see FIG. 4) can be made in one piece with sections 11 and 12, and the adjustment mechanism can be interlocked with the adjustment mechanism of section 9 and controlled by a single lever screw mechanism. In accordance with this option, sections 11 and 12 or conical sections 13 and 14 are installed in the same way as sections 19 and 20 and are connected by screw fastening to pivoting levers 30 and 31, which are respectively connected to levers 24 and 25 (see FIG. 3) with pivoting shafts 32 and 33. In the lower part of the housing 23 there is a cleaning device receiver (not shown), and in the upper middle part there is a receiving window 34 for the spike mass coming from the cleaning to the repeated threshing. The device is set in motion from the transmission of the combine by means of a pulley 35 mounted on the shaft 2 of the drum. The grain mass flow directed to the threshing device for threshing by loading conveyor 8 (coffer, 3) through loading window 16 enters the space between deck section 9 and drum 1 scourges, is captured by scourges, moves around the deck circumference and simultaneously displaces in the axial direction to its outer ends. However, due to the large grain mass, this movement is insignificant. Only after the pre-threshed bread mass reaches the knife 16 (see FIG. 6) the gear disk 15 interacting with this knife separates the flow of the heap into two approximately equal flows. Separated streams carried by the reefs of the scourges of the drum 1 move in spirals of opposite direction to the outlet openings at the ends of the drum or, if the device is made according to the second variant (see Fig 2), then in the space between the drum 1 and the conical sections of the decks In the latter case, the separated flows of grain mass in the sections of the conical sections are again subjected to the active influence of the threshing drum — the repeated threshing in the mode of all decreasing threshing gaps, as a result of which the process of repeated threshing threshing grain mass flows at a very thin layer.

In this case, the threshing on the section of the cylindrical deck is carried out with threshing gaps (between the deck and the drum), providing threshing and separation through the deck of only the main part of the grain with minimal crushing and damage.

When leaving the conical sections, the heap undergoes final separation in sections 11, 12. Then the straw is carried out with wings out of the device, and the selected grain heap is collected in the receiver, from where it is sent for cleaning.

The examples of implementation of the invention do not exclude other possible variants of its design. It is possible to make a threshing device with two or more conical sections of the deck on each side of the transport conveyor. It is possible to fulfill the threshing device with a one-way direction of the flow of the heap in a spiral. In this embodiment, the cylindrical threshing drum is performed without a flow divider, and both in combination with and without a conical deck.

In the latter case, the required performance of the device is achieved by a corresponding increase in its size.

Claims (5)

1. A threshing and separating device, including a rotating drum, located inside the deck enclosing it, having a loading window in the middle part and exit windows on the sides, characterized in that, in order to simplify the design and also increase the reliability of the threshing process, the drum is cylindrical. 2. Pop. 1 device, which differs from the fact that the covering drum deck is also cylindrical. 3. The device according to claim 1, which differs from the fact that, in order to increase the degree of threshing, the deck has the sides of the boot window one or more conical sections. 4. The device according to claim 1, that is, with the fact that the deck is made sectional. 5. The device according to claim 4, which differs from the fact that the deck sections are closed with the help of rollers placed in the slots of the device case, and the CBS | are adjustable bars with mechanisms 1pm their; movement, which is common to all sections. b. The device POP.1, which is different from the fact that, in order to improve the conditions of separation of the grain flow the masses into two parts, directed from the middle of the drum to the side exit windows, in the middle part of the drum are fixed a gear disk interacting with a knife fixed on the device body. Priority under paragraph 3 to calculate from February 5, 1968. according to application no. 1217394 / 30-15. fD ni :five "Q