SU1686054A1 - Machine for tamping of railwaytrack ballast - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to devices for compacting railway ballast. The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the machine by increasing the uniformity and degree of compaction of the ballast. The machine contains a crew part with frame 1, on which vibrating trolleys 2-4 are successively mounted, connected to it through a static immersion device 5 formed by hydraulic cylinders 6. On trolleys 2-4, horizontal oscillators with unbalances and vertical oscillators with unbalances are mounted . These vibrators are synchronized with each other, and the unbalances of the vibrators mounted on one trolley are rotated relative to the balance of the next trolley successively along the machine. 1 hp ff, 5 ill. yo

Description

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This invention relates to devices for compacting railway ballast.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the machine by increasing the uniformity and degree of compaction of the ballast.

FIG. 1 shows a machine for compacting railway ballast, general view; Fig. 2 is a kinematic diagram of vibrating carriages; Fig. 3 shows the position of the unbalances of horizontal and vertical oscillator excitation vibrators in a position conditionally assumed to be initial: Fig. 1 shows a diagram of the formation and propagation of a traveling wave along the rail-and-sleeper grid; Fig. 5 shows the vibration displacement paths of the rail-tie grid in the perpendicular axis of the plane path.

A machine for compacting railway ballast contains a crew part with frame 1 (FIG. 1). On the frame 1 are sequentially mounted vibration carts 2-4, connected to it through the device 5 static weights. The latter contains hydraulic cylinders 6 that are connected pivotally in the upper part to the frame 1 of the machine, and in the lower part - to the intermediate frame 7. Through the shock absorbers 8, the frame 7 is connected to the vibrating trolleys 2-4. Additionally, the intermediate frame 7 is connected to the frame 1 of the machine with a weight of 9.

Each vibratory truck, for example 2, includes a housing 10 (Fig. 2) supported by rollers 11 with horizontal axes of rotation 12. The vibrating truck also has roller grippers on each rail head of the rail-and-sleeper grid, which includes a roller 13 with a vertical axis and a hinge lever system 14 with a hydraulic cylinder 15 to press.

In the housing 10, horizontal and vertical vibration excitation vibrators are placed. The horizontal excitation vibrator includes shafts 16 and 17, on which paired unbalances 18 and 19 are placed, synchronizing gears 20 and 21. The vertical oscillation exciter includes shafts 22-25, on which the coupled unbalances 26-29 and gears 30 are mounted. - 33.

The horizontal and vertical oscillating vibrators are synchronized with each other by the gear teeth of the wheels 20 and 30, 20 and 32 with gear ratios of 2: 1. Conditionally adopted for the initial position of the unbalances of the indicated vibrators (Fig. 3), the unbalances 18 and 19 of the exciter vibrator

horizontal oscillations rotated at an angle of 90 ° relative to the unbalances 26 - 29, occupying the lower position.

The vibrators of the carts are connected in series along the frame of the machine by mechanical synchronizers, for example, cardan shafts 34 (FIG. 2) connecting the shafts 16. The corresponding unbalances of 18 and 19 vibrating carriages, arranged one after the other along the machine, are successively turned in one direction relative to the unbalance of the next carriage . Due to the fact that the unbalances of horizontal and vertical oscillation excitation vibrators for each trolley are rotated in conditionally accepted initial positions relative to each other at the same angle of 90 ° and connected by synchronizing gears (FIG. 3), the corresponding unbalances of vertical excitation vibrators sequentially arranged one after another along the car of the carts, also turned in one direction relative to the unbalance of the next carriage For example, the respective unbalances of 29 35 and 36 (figure 2) of carts 2-4 (figure 1) are rotated.

The drive of the horizontal and vertical oscillation excitation vibrators is carried out from a motor, for example from a direct current electric motor 37 (Fig. 2).

The machine for compacting the ballast of a railway track works as follows.

Before the start of operation by the hydraulic cylinders 6 (Fig. 1), the intermediate frame 7 with the vibration carriages 2-4 is lowered onto the rail-sleeper grid. During the operation of the machine by the same hydraulic cylinders 6, the vibrating carriages are statically pressed against the rails 12. The rail roller clamps (Fig. 2) vibrate trolleys 2-4 are fixed relative to the rail head 12 of the rail-spindle grid in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the track.

An electric motor 37 is turned on, rotating the unbalances of the vibrators of the carriages, which excite the vibrations of the carriages coordinated in frequency and vibration phases transmitted through the rollers 1I and the rollers 13 to the rail grid and the ballast under the sleepers. During operation, the machine continuously moves along the path and exerts on the ballast in the under-sleeper a complex vibration effect coordinated in terms of frequencies and phases of oscillations in the form of excited vertical and horizontal traveling

planes along the rail-sleeper grid of deformation waves (Fig. 4), imitating the compressed impact of train load in the forced controlled mode, and the oscillations of each truck in the perpendicular axis of the plane’s path along the trajectory of one of the Lissajous figures, for example, a saddle-shaped T figure ( 5). In this case, cyclic vibration loading of the seal of the ballast is provided with the formation of jointly acting vertical and horizontal concentrated (shock) forces in the ballast, which contribute to a better mobility of the particles during compaction.

Such a combination of shock-vibration loads in the orderly-synchronized mode of vibration of all carriages of the machine increases the degree and uniformity of compaction, i.e. the quality of compaction of ballast.

Let us consider the process of the excitation of deformation waves running along a rail-sleeper grid, for example, excited in a vertical plane. In Figure 4, the letter A denotes the position of the elastic line of the rail and rail grid at time ti, conventionally taken as the initial one, and letter B, the position at some time ta after the synchronous rotation of the unbalances through a certain angle during operation.

Each vibration trolley, having a housing 10, connected through a system of rollers 12 — rollers 13 with a rail-rail grid, during operation, oscillates together with the grille. The synchronizers 34 are provided with a phase-coordinated rotation of the unbalances (in this case, vertical excitation vibrators). Due to the fact that the unbalances of the carts arranged in series along the machine are turned along the machine relative to the unbalances of the next carriage (for example, at an angle of 90 °, FIG. 4), the phases of oscillations of the corresponding sections of the rail spal grid are shifted by the same angles. The elastic of the line A of the rails and sleepers in its form approaches the sine wave.

Since the considered unbalances of the vibrators of the carts are synchronized, they are driven to the same angle by the drive. For example, in the position In the elastic line of the rail and tie lattice corresponding to the time t2. all the corresponding unbalances of the carts turned in the same direction at equal angles. Accordingly, the phases of oscillations of each vibration trolley and the rail-and-sleeper grid associated with it have changed. For example, if at the time ti in the cross section corresponding to the middle carriage a maximum of the rail-sleeper lattice is observed, then at the time t2 in this cross section the maximum of the cavity will no longer be, and the maximum of the depression will be displaced by the value of F (there are no longitudinal displacements of the rail-rail grid itself). Thus, the maximum of the depression during the synchronous rotation of the corresponding unbalances of all vibrators will shift in figure 4 to the left with a speed:

tz -ti

Figure 4 shows a wave traveling in a vertical plane. A similar wave is formed in the horizontal plane.

The trajectory T (Fig. 5) of the complanar (lying in the same plane, perpendicular to the axis of the path) oscillations of the rail-fingering lattice in the form of one of the Lissajous figures (in the specific example — saddle-shaped) is provided synchronized through gears 20,21,30 - 33 (Fig. 2) by rotating the unbalances 18 and 19 of the vibrator of the horizontal oscillations and the unbalances of 26-29 vibrators of the vertical vibrations. At the same time gear ratios of gear wheels are 2: 1, therefore the frequency of horizontal oscillations of cells is half the frequency of vertical oscillations of the transducer. This means that during one period of horizontal oscillations two periods of vertical oscillations take place, i.e., the trolley will be in the upper and lower position two times during the period of horizontal oscillations.

By turning the unbalances 18,19,26 - 29 vibrators of excitation of horizontal and vertical vibrations by 90 ° (Fig. 3) in conditionally accepted for the initial position, the amplitude (the highest value during the oscillation period) of the driving force Pv of the vibrator of the vertical oscillation directed downwards is achieved. , the amplitude of the driving force P of the vibrator horizontal oscillations. By this, at the lower point of the trajectory T (Fig. 5), the greatest force is exerted on the compacted ballast through the rail-tie rail, accompanied by vertical strikes with the formation of lateral forces in the body of the compacted ballast (vertical-lateral impact). Therefore, not only vertical movements of particles, but also turns, which contributes to their better penetration into the voids between each other.

Such a concentrated effect on the ballast alternates during the period of oscillation with its unloading in the extreme upper positions on the path T of the vibration displacements of the rail-sleeper grid. At these moments, passive displacements of particles are realized (by the action of elastic forces and the weight of the particles themselves).

The alternation of impacts in the vertical and horizontal directions with unloading contributes to the efficient flow of the compaction process, therefore, increasing the degree and uniformity of compaction of the ballast. This is combined with the ordering of the force in the forced controlled mode — the sealing effect of the train load, which, as is well known, leads to the complete stabilization of the ballast.

The machine can, in principle, realize the speed of the forced elastic traveling wave approaching the speed of propagation of the free elastic wave (the so-called critical speed of movement), which corresponds to the occurrence of resonant effects of the rail-sleeper grid. In this case, the main part of the energy supplied to the vibrators is spent not on the buildup of the rail and sleep grid, but on the shaping (in this case, compaction) of the ballast lying under the sleepers. By choosing the rational ratios of the speeds of a forced traveling wave (for example, by choosing the distance between the vibratory carriages or the oscillation frequency) and the free one, the degree and uniformity of compaction can be controlled to optimize them, i.e., a higher compaction quality can be achieved.

Claims (2)

1. A machine for compacting the ballast of a railway track, comprising a crew part, on the frame of which the vibrating trolleys are mounted, sequentially located along the machine and carrying horizontal vibration oscillators, including unbalances, and static weights, characterized in that, in order to increase efficiency by increasing the uniformity and degree of compaction of the ballast, it is equipped with vertical oscillation excitation vibrators, including unbalances mounted on the said carriages and synchronized with the horizontal oscillations vibrators and between themselves, with the unbalances of the vibrators mounted on one trolley being rotated relative to the unbalances the next cart in series along the car. 2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the unbalances of the horizontal and vertical oscillator excitation vibrators are synchronized with each other by means of gear wheels with a 2: 1 gear ratio, and in the initial position the unbalances of the horizontal oscillator excitators are rotated relative to the unbalances of the vertical oscillator excitators by 90 °. fc to V (B fr90989l 7 ///// / 7T7 / S ///////// /// /// 77П7П777Я FIG. five