SU1651998A1 - Device for pneumatic separation of bulk materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the separation of bulk materials using air streams, in particular, pre-separators for cleaning grain from light impurities. The purpose of the invention is to increase the separation efficiency by optimizing the aerodynamic regime. The device consists of a cylindrical housing 1 with a preparatory chamber (K) 4, made of concentrically arranged stepwise above each other with the formation of annular slits 6 cylinders (C) 5. Inside the K 4 there is a stepped-taper insert, made of two rigidly interconnected truncated cones (CC) 10 and 11, located coaxially To 4 large bases down. In the upper part of К 4 and coaxially fixed with it, C 9. Both CC 10 and 11 are installed with the possibility of vertical movement and entrance into C 5, and the diameter of the lower base of CK 11 is equal to the diameter of the lower C 5. Inside the case 1 and coaxially installed perforated К 7, made in the form of a criminal code set by a large base down, and a smaller base conjugated with K 4. Forming UK 11 is parallel to generatrix K 7. Tangentially K 4 has a supply nozzle 3, and K 7 has a light fraction receiver 12 connected with valve torus 16. In the lower part of the armature 1 is Pusa receiver main fraction. The original product enters through the nozzle 3 in K 4, where it twists in the space between C 5 and UK 10 and moves down. The coarse fractions pass through the slit 6 of the lower C 5 and CC 11 into K 7. Air through the slits C 5 enters the space between housing 1 and -CU 10, through perforations in K 7 the main fraction of the grain is blown into the collection. Small fractions with air through the receiver 12 are sucked off from the device by the fan 16. 1 Cp f-ly, 1 ill. . Ј (L About cl with so 00

Description

The invention relates to devices for separating loose mixtures using air streams, in particular pneumatic separators for cleaning grain from light impurities.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the separation efficiency by optimizing the aerodynamic regime.

The drawing shows the device, General view.

The device comprises a cylindrical body 1, a material conduit 2 connected tangentially through an inlet 3 to a preparatory chamber 4. Preparatory chamber 4 is formed by a group of concentric hollow cylinders 5 forming a stepped surface with annular gap gaps 6 for the passage of air flow from chamber 4 to the outside device case. The lower cylindrical surface of chamber 4 is in association with a conical perforated chamber 7, which is bounded by a conical net 8. Inside the preparatory chamber 4 there is a stationary cylinder 9 and a movable stepped-conical insert consisting of truncated cones 10 and 11 rigidly interconnected. Insert mounted with the possibility of vertical movement and entry into the cylinder 9. The conic surface 11 is formed so that its forming was parallel to the forming conical perforated surface 7, and its bottom axis ment has a diameter equal to the diameter of the upper base of the conical chamber 7. In this case, the upper base of the conical surface 11 forms with the lower surface of the cylinder 5, an annular gap. The truncated cone 10 provides a narrowing of the cross-section of the preparatory chamber along the air movement. The conical part of body 1 is the receiver of the main grain fraction. In the center of the conical part of the housing 1, a receiver 12 for light impurities is connected, connected via an air pipe 13 with a pneumatic discharger 14 equipped with a sluice gate 15. A ventilator 16 is installed on the pneumatic discharger 14 A receiver of the main grain fraction is equipped with a sluice gate 17.

The device works as follows.

The grain mixture from the pneumatic conveying network through the material line 2 and the inlet nozzle 3 enters the preparatory chamber 4 in a tangential direction, where it turns into rotational motion, cast by centrifugal forces from the surface of the cone 10 to the stepped surface of the preparatory chamber 4. Rotational movement of the grain flow on a stepped surface under the action of centrifugal force leads to in

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tensing the process of stratification of the grain mixture, passing light impurities to the upper part of the layer and thereby preparing and separating it after passing through the transition gap of the lower cylindrical surface into the perforated pneumo-separation chamber 7. The bottom gap of the preparatory chamber 4 allows the rotary grain layer to pass and resistance to air flow so that most of the air flow passes through the upper gap gaps 6 into the outer space, about bordered by the housing 1, through the grid 8 of the chamber 7 and blowing over the grain flow scattered through the lower slit space of the chamber 4. The grid 8 serves to limit the movement of the grain layer coming from the chamber 4 and to distribute the air flow. The air flow, the passage through the grain layer, captures and carries away the light impurities in its upper part towards their location in the receiver 12 for Light impurities, and the main grain fraction goes down along the conical part of the housing 1 and is discharged from it through the lock gate 17. The light impurities are transported by air through the air duct 13, enter and precipitate in the pneumatic unloading device 14 and through the lock gate 15 are removed to the outside. v

The proposed form of the preparation chamber facilitates the transfer of a part of the air flow from the chamber to the outside for blowing and entrainment of light impurities in the transverse direction to the receiver of light impurities in the direction of their location, i.e. by changing the kinematics of the movement of the air flow from the pneumatic conveying network in the proposed device, this air flow is effectively used.

The presence of a stationary cylinder ensures the constancy of the annular space in the zone of the inlet pipe.

The installation of a conical insert ensures a narrowing of the space of the preparatory chamber so that a large part of the air volume from the pneumatic transport network passes into the outer space bounded by the device body and forms a transverse air flow into the separation 30

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nominal channel, which contributes to the efficiency of the device. Performing a conical insert with the possibility of vertical movement provides regulation of the size of the transition gap gap and, therefore, the amount of air sent to the pneumo-separation chamber to form a cross-flow for cleaning the grain, removing light impurities into the centrally located receiver.

The use of this device improves the efficiency of the grain separation process by 8-12%.

Claims (1)

1. A device for pneumatic separation of bulk materials, including a cylindrical conical body with a preparatory chamber located in the upper part of the body and coaxial to it, an insert inside it, a feed nozzle connected tangentially to a preparatory chamber, a perforated chamber in the form of a truncated cone located coaxially inside the body it has a large base down, and the smaller one is mated with a preparatory chamber, a receiver of light fractions, located in the housing for the preparatory 986 chamber connected to the fan, the receiver of the main grain fraction located in the lower part of the body, characterized in that, in order to increase separation efficiency by optimizing the aerodynamic regime, it is equipped with a cylinder rigidly fixed in the upper part of the preparatory chamber with the housing, while the preparatory chamber is made of cylinders arranged concentrically with each other and stepwise over each other with 5 the formation of annular flicks, and the insert is made of two rigidly interconnected truncated cones arranged coaxially to the preparatory chamber with large bases 0 downward and installed with the possibility of vertical movement relative to the inner surface of a rigidly fixed cylinder, the forming lower truncated cone located parallel to the forming perforated chamber with the formation of an annular gap. one 2, The device according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the lower base of the lower truncated cone of the insert is made equal to the diameter of the lower cylinder of the preparatory chamber.