SU1523039A3 - Method of inducing male sterility in cotton plants - Google Patents

Abstract

Methods are disclosed for rendering cotton plants male sterile through application of isothiazole plant growth regulators without causing substantial female sterility or loss of reproductive vigor. Processes for effecting the hybridization of cotton employing monitoring of the degree of burning of cotton bracts are presented. More particularly, male sterility is attained by the application of potassium 3,4- dichloroisothiazole-5-carboxylate to cotton plants in an amount sufficient to cause finger burning of the bracts without causing excess burning thereof. Hybridization is attained by exposing male sterile plants in accordance with the foregoing processes to pollen from plants of differing varieties of cotton.

Description

This invention relates to chemical agents that constitute male sterility in plants, and can be used in breeding. ,

The purpose of the invention is to increase fertility.

According to the proposed method, it is possible to sterilize the masculine qualities of cotton while preserving female fertility during the development of a plant with an effective amount of a gametogenous compound, followed by monitoring the degree of burning off of the developing bracts of the plants and adjusting the amount of the compound applied to the plants in accordance with the degree of burnout to maintain an effective amount of the compound for period of time.

A number of chemical sterilizers for cotton hybridization are known: 2,2-dichloropropionic acid (dalapone) and 2,3-dichloroisobutyrate (FW-450). The disadvantage of these agents is a decrease in fertility, a decrease in the number of inflorescences and a number of bolls.

The proposed plant growth regulator TD-P23 is 3,4-dichloro-5-azothiazolecarboxylate potassium, which is commonly used as a defoliant and to control insects in cotton crops. When using a specified plant growth regulator in certain quantities, effective sterilization of the masculine qualities of cotton can be achieved. without loss of fertility and ability to reproduce. Quicest

O4

In the growth regulator, the amount of TD-1123 can be controlled, which causes a significant degree of burnout in the area of the prizetnik's petals, sufficient to sterilize the male qualities of the plant. When the amount of growth regulator injected is not enough to effect the effective sterilization of male qualities, no significant signs of burnout are observed in the bracts of plants,

The treatment sequence is preferable, in which the degree of burning of bracts is determined after the introduction of iso-tyzol used as a plant growth regulator. The number of bracts burned out and then the number of iso-azole used if necessary changes depending on the number of bracts burned out. 0.1-0.2 lb / acre (0.11-0.22 kg / ha based on the active ingredient) is sufficient to perform male sterilization without simultaneous female sterilization, i.e. to cause burnout of the bracts of the bracts without excessive burnout, when applied superficially, for example when spraying on foliage at soil level, TD-1123 can be used to treat cotton when injected into irrigation water, however, an increase in the amount of agent in to -100 is required. time. The amount of TD-P23 can vary depending on the mass of plants to be processed, whiteness of a particular moment of their growth in the process of treatment.

The bracts of cotton plants treated with TD-1123 should be observed within 3-5 days after the application of the chemical agent. After the research institute has existed for 3 days, one can observe the degree of burnout of bracts. After 5 days, excessive burnout is observed. If after treatment with the regulator there is no burnout of the fingers of the bracts, it should be re-treated with isothiazole followed by observation, and if necessary, further processing with isothiazole with a change in its amount. If for processing the amount of isostiazole is used, which causes burnout of the fingers

NIKOV in the absence of excessive burnout, should not be further processing TD-P23. If the observation of bracts after treatment with TD-1123 shows that an excessive amount of the preparation was used, as evidenced by excessive burning of the bracts, the effect of the preparation should be weakened, for example, by using irrigation water. Accelerating the growth rate of cotton during irrigation rather effectively performs dilution.

J is the concentration of TD-1123 inside the plant and causes the opposite effect until a more acceptable level is reached, which in turn reflects on the degree of burnout of the bract. Subsequent observation of the development indicates whether the dilution of the excess caused by the increase in the plant mass or enough is sufficient. additional irrigation is required. Alternatively, the number or time of successive treatments with a growth regulator can be varied to reduce this effect.

A period of about 2 weeks is required in order to achieve male sterilization of cotton plants after processing it with an effective amount of TD-1123. The sterile period lasts 2-4 weeks after treatment. Therefore, periodic treatment (after 2 weeks) with a growth regulator based on iso-tyazole, such as TD-E23, is preferred to achieve almost uninterrupted male sterilization of cotton plants. In this case, it is necessary to monitor the degree of burnout of bracts and change the number and / or frequency of treatment with a growth regulator, depending on the results of observations, in order to ensure a sufficient amount of iso-azole inside the plants, not to allow its excess

The amount of growth regulator used, which is necessary to ensure burnout of petals at flower beds in the absence of excessive burnout, depends on the degree of maturation of the plants. So, very small plants (plants found in .0

five

0

five

0

:.five

growth stages require fewer growth regulators than more mature and larger plants. The number of growth regulators may also depend on the type of cotton, climate, weather and other factors. For mountain cotton grown in Arizona, the amount of TD-1123 (based on the active ingredient) is sufficient for broomstick burnout and the presence of male sterility in the middle of 0.1 to 0.2 pounds per acre (0, 11 .0.22 kg / ha), in the middle of Nyn 0.5 - 1.0 lb / acre (0.55 - 1.1 kg / ha), at the beginning of July 0.5 - 1.5 lb / acre ( 0.55 - 1.67 kg / ha), subsequently 1.0 - 2.0 lb / acre (1.1 - 2.2 kg / ha. In the general case, 0.1 - 2.0 lb / acre can be used (0.11 - 2.2 kg / ha) agent.

It is also possible to sterilize the male qualities of cotton plants for the entire season of effective reproduction. Thus, the first treatment of cotton plants with TD-1123 or other isothiazole takes place approximately 2 or 3 weeks before the appearance of the first flowers. Since cotton plants remain sterilized for their masculine qualities for about three weeks after treatment with TD-1123, these sterilization conditions coincide with the period of the first bloom. As a result of periodic treatment with additional doses of isothiazole used as a growth regulator with a frequency of approximately 2 weeks, the continuity of male sterility is achieved. In general, it is permissible to finish the treatment with a sterilizing agent 12 weeks before the intended harvest, because flowers with male fertility, which may occur after the last se- conous treatment, do not have sufficient time to mature to harvest.

0

five

0

five

S

0

Tables 1–3 show the characteristics of the effects of TD-1123 on the various properties of mountain cotton grown in Arizona. These tables also show similar data for Dalapon, Single treatment of TD-1123 and Dalapon were carried out with the indicated changes in conditions as of July 2, 1979. The duration of male sterilization, percentage of sterilization efficiency, number of flowers and other characteristics were studied. For the aggregate data given in tablr 2 and 3, the yield from the last plants was removed on July 16 (l) and on August 6 (II).

From Table 1, it follows that when processing TD-P23 at the beginning of July under Arizona conditions, it is preferable to use the agent for processing in quantities of 0.5-1.5 lb-acre (O, 55-1.67 kg / ha) t The use of a growth regulator in the specified amounts leads to burning out of the petals of the bracts without excessive burning out of the bracts themselves. Data on the effectiveness of male sterilization while maintaining female fertility in the case of TD-1123 is higher than when using Dalapone.

Claims (1)

From the presented data it can be seen that the average number of flowers per I de l Nku using TD-1123 is greater than when using Dalapone. Invention Formula A method of inducing male sterility in cotton plants, including treating plants with a biologically active substance, characterized in that, in order to increase fertility, 3,4-dichloro-5-isothiazole carboxylate potassium in a dose of 0.73-1 is used as an active substance. , 65 kg / ha in the period from 2 weeks to bloom and up to 12 weeks before harvest. 1523039 eight T a b l and c a I 89.7 113.3 18.7 24.7 86.3 116,018.7 25.0 91.7 120.020.3 24.0 75.0 98,017.3 21.3 94.0 109,319,726.3 88.7 117,019,026.3 109.0-25.3 83.3 100,318,325,3 69.3 61,715,318,7 table 2 97.3 198.3 52.3 26.3 123 56 60 14 16 71 88 103 108 145 119 140 138 168 119 118 40 5 9 3 77.0 127.3 42.7 113.7 151.2 55.7 61.6 136.7 35.0 91.6 20B, 859.0 99.0 180,856.7 10B, i 90.8 102,131,7 58.0 58.0 1.3 43.3 36.7 25.7 76.3 73.3 69.3 58.0 2.1 TVblppa 3