SU1463141A1 - Method of regulating snow-melting on slopes - Google Patents

Description

one

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the protection of soils against water erosion, and can be used in the liming of acidic soils and in the fight against snow mold, vyvryanie and soak winter crops.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the quality of soil protection from erosion while increasing the rational use of melt water while accelerating the readiness of the soil.

In early spring, before the onset of intensive spring snow, contour strip soil exposure from snow is produced by a snow blower hinged in front of the K-700, T-150 tractor, with a snow capacity of over 30 cm or a trailed snow blower with a snow cover capacity of up to 30 cm (DT-74, DT-75).

Example 1. On eroded sod-podzolic loamy soils, a 5-hectare slope area with a steepness of 5-6 ° northern exposure and a snow cover of 30-50 cm was selected. Using a snowplow, a strip exposure of the soil from snow was made, creating snow shafts of 2.9 -3.1 and the width of the bare strip, equal to 0.9-1.1 width of the snow shaft. Then, observations were made that showed that the snow on the site where the treatment was carried out using the proposed method was rasta l April 4, and without the snow treatment rasta l April 12, i.e., 8 days earlier than at the control. This leads to the fact that the soil in the treated area has ripened for sowing also 8 days earlier (April 16 and 24, respectively). Soil washout with snow on the control plot is 6.3 t / ha, while there is no washout in the plot with thawing of the soil. The moisture reserves in the meter layer during the harvest period are 1565-1644 at the experimental plot (with thawing of the soil), and at the control plot - 1368-1536. This leads to a significant increase in barley yield (49.7 centners per hectare without thawing and 64.9 centners per hectare in the area with thawing). The increase is 15.2 centners per hectare.

Example 2. The slope of the southern exposure area of 3 hectares, the slope of 3-5 °. Power of snow cover, see. Produced by stripping the soil from snow with a trailed snow blower. The width of the exposed strips is 3.0-3.5 m, the width of the snow rolls is 1.0-1.5 m. The defrosting of the soil and

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O) 00

Its ripening for sowing in the strip-exposed area occurs 8 days earlier in the lower part of the slope and 10 days earlier in the upper part compared to the control. Sowing is done 10 days earlier compared to control. Soil erosion is not observed.

The various parameters of the widths of the bands and: Shafts, depending on the exposure of the slopes, make it possible to thaw the soil evenly and moisten the soil, not to create an avalanche effect (breaking the rolls with melt water), provide even and early soil ripening.

The treatment of the snow field by this method; the house gives its surface a view of a meadow, where 72-75% of the area is bare from icHera, and 25-28% is occupied by the snow shafts. This makes it possible for frozen soil, exposed to snow, to directly absorb solar radiation. The soil capacity is 80-90%, and the snow is 10-120%, so the bare soil heats up and thaws (thaws) much faster, creating favorable conditions for absorbing snow thawed snow from the snow. This regulates the surface runoff of snowmelt snow and translates it from surface water into the subsoil (vertical), which eliminates the cause of water erosion from snowmelt water And provides conditions that can be compared with irrigated hectares . At the same time, water sources are reliably protected from contamination with mineral and organic compounds, herbicides, pesticides, etc.

The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed when it is used on winter crops to protect them from snow mold, plowing, and soaking.

Example 3. A watershed equal area with an area of 5 hectares. The height of the snow cover is about 50 cm. With the help of a hook-on snow plow, strip outcrop of the soil is carried out. The width of the grip is 3 ± 0.1 m. The lanes and shafts are conducted from north to south, stretching about 1 m. In fact, the width of the snow shaft varies from 90 cm to 110 cm, i.e., the width variation is ± 10 cm as The account of the falling snow mass, as well as the oscillation of a moving snow plow, changes the width of the cleaned strip to the same extent. This work is carried out at the beginning of natural snow on March 12, and on the 2-3rd day the stripes are freed from snow. Snow shafts completely melt by March 24th. On the control plot, the snow lasts until March 31, i.e., until the period when the disease reaches its maximum development on winter crops.

Example 4. The middle part of the slope is 6 hectares. The height of the snow cover is 30–35 cm. Strips and shafts exposed to snow

are directed across the slope to prevent the development of erosion processes. The work is carried out by the same trailed snowplow, therefore the ratios of the exposed strips and the formed snow shafts are in the same range (3.0 and 2.9 m and 0.9-1.1 m), i.e. in the ratio of 3: 1 . On the 2nd day after exposure, the cleared bands are practically free of snow, and the snow banks are completely melting by the beginning of March 24.

Example 5. Plot floor adjacent to

railroad strip, an area of 5 hectares.

The height of the snow cover is 70 cm and more.

Snow outcrop and creation

5 snow shafts were driven by a snow plow with a 2-blade D-225 plow in front of a K-701 tractor, pushed by a 3-meter wide grip plow, to be visited by a visitor (in order to prevent the unit from slipping). The strips and shafts are also conducted across the slope to prevent erosion processes. On the 2-3rd day after exposure, the cleared bands are free from snow, the snow banks by March 24 completely melt.

The application of the proposed method contributes to a reduction in the development of snow mold from 49 to 15%, and the death of plants from diseases is 1.3%, i.e., significantly lower compared to the control plot.

The yield increase is 4.0-5.0 q.

0 grain per hectare depending on the element of the slope.

The implementation of the method is possible on the entire area of the cultivation of winter crops, since it does not require significant costs for the implementation of this agrotechnical method.

5 The proposed method is also effective when used in the early-spring liming of acidic soils.

Taking into account the used doses of lime fertilizers, mainly dust-like,) forms, and the equipment used for their introduction, the optimum size of the strip cleared of snow is its width 3–3.5 m and the width of the snow shaft 1.0–1.5 The width of the area that is limelified in this area is determined by the doses of lime applied, taking into account their uniform distribution over the area. Along the cleared snow from the lanes, the equipment freely passes through chemical ameliorants, and scatters them. The scattering substances are placed both on the cleaned strip and on the snow walls adjacent to the strip. The snow rolls formed along the edges of the cleaned strips are the guiding lines that do not allow the technique to deviate to the sides, and also significantly reduce the wind speed, which leads to a more uniform introduction of dust-like materials in the lime area. This allows liming to be carried out in the early spring period at wind speeds higher than

five

5 m / s. In this case, 70% of the scattered material lays almost on the surface cleared of snow and 30% on the snow rolls. In the spring period of snowfall, neither the strips exposed to snow quickly defrost and absorb the meltwater that melt snow rolls give away, i.e. surface runoff is transferred to the inner soil. All lime remains in place. The snow rolls on the slope lands must be oriented in the direction across the slope. This makes it possible to eliminate the demolition of the particles of the scattered (scattered) material by eliminating the unimpeded movement of surface runoff of melt water on sloping lands. This is achieved by converting surface runoff to subsurface as there is a simultaneous thawing of the soil on the cleaned strips and snow in the rolls. In addition, the organization of work on the liming of sloping grasslands should be planned in such a way that the liming is carried out in the period closest to the beginning of the natural snowfall. This permits a greater degree of protection for the cleaned strip from possible snow drift. When skidding cleaned strips, the action of the rolls keeps

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its regulatory role, since they are formed from older snowing around and its occurrence is much slower than newly falling loose snow.

Example 6. On a plot confined to slope lands (steepness 4-6 °), an area of 12 hectares with snow height from 40 cm in the upper to 70 cm in the lower part of the slope was carried out liming of acid soils using stripe exposure of the soil, which is carried out D-225 mounted road snowplow on K-701, 3.5 m wider. The soil liming was carried out on March 14th. Clearing snow from the snow strips and billows takes place across the slope. Complete cleansing of the bands from snow residues is observed 3-4 days after their exposure. The defrosting of the soil on the bands is intense. All the water from the rolls is absorbed by both the frozen soil of the strips and the snow rolls. No melt water flow is observed. All lime after that snow roll is left at the place of its application.

5 The table shows the results of taking into account the intensity of the lesion of wheat plants with fresh mold.

five

Mironov- Pasture

ka, 8 ha,

light

loam

50

50

50

912 12 6 12 12

1010 11

10 7 10 10 14 5

Claims (1)

METHOD FOR REGULATING SPRING SNOWMOBILE ON SLOPES by strip outcrop alternating with snow shafts across the slope, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of soil protection from erosion while improving the rational use of melt water while accelerating soil readiness, the width in southern and south-western expositions bands are set equal to 3.0-3.5 m, the width of the snow rolls is 1.0-1.5 m, and in the northern and northeastern exposures, respectively, 2.9-3.1 and 0.9-1.1 m.