SU1317249A1 - Device for producing artificial snow - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to refrigeration technology. It can be used for thermal insulation of soils from seasonal freezing, in the construction of roads, ferries, dams, dams and facilities for winter sports. Allows you to reduce energy 5 P 6 (L L iJ2.1

Description

cost and improve reliability. Through the conical nozzle 3 and the spray device (RU) 4 air from the cylindrical casing 1 with the fan 2 enters the mixing chamber 6, It is made of a hydrophobic material. Inside the shell of the RU 4, the channels 7 and 8 are made for the supply of air and the channel 9 for the supply. In order to improve heat exchange between water and air, centrifugal nozzles 10 and 11 RU 4 are installed in circles that are displaced one with respect to, the other in the direction of flow and at an angle to the axis of both

The invention relates to refrigeration engineering, in particular, to installations for obtaining artificial snow of low density, mainly for thermal insulation of soils from seasonal freezing and can be used in the construction of winter roads and crossings, dams, dams, sports ski runs and springboards.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce energy consumption and increase the reliability of work;

Fig. 1 shows an installation for producing artificial snow, a general airfield test and a technological scheme in Fig. 2, a section of a centrifugal pneumo-hydraulic nozzle; Fig. 3 shows a dependence of the performance of the nozzles on the flow rate of compressed air supply in Fig. 4 - a spray with a conic nozzle axonoch metri.

The artificial snow plant contains a cylindrical casing 1 with a fan 2. At the exit of the air sweat (3ka from the casing 1 there is a conical nozzle 2 with a spraying device 4 at its end. A mixing chamber 6 is attached to the rider device 4 by means of an easily removable ring 5 elastic hydrophobic material. The nozzles 3 are disposed between the casing 1 and the chamber 6. The extender 4 is a

seagulls. The angle of inclination of the nozzles 11 for feeding crystallization centers into the flow exceeds the angle of inclination of the nozzles 10 of the leading front for water dispersion. Swirls - screw channels (VC) nozzles 10 and 11 - reduce the flow of compressed air and increase the dispersion of the droplets. VK have rectangular section. Their radial through holes are located at a distance from one another, equal to 0.25-0.50 pitch of the BC. Pneumatic throttles in the axial channels of the nozzles-10 and 11 prevent water from entering channels 7 and 8. 1C.p. f-ly, 4 ill.

breaking a cylindrical shell of an aluminum alloy, inside of which means for supplying water and air are made - annular air distribution and water distribution collectors, respectively, 7.8 and 9. Along the perimeter of the distribution manifold 9 (FIG. 2) to the axis of the shell

devices 4 at an angle of 15-20 using centrifugal pneumohydraulic nozzles 10 are installed with a threaded joint for finely spraying water. The centrifugal pneumo-hydraulic nozzles 11 for forming and feeding crystallization centers into the flow are installed around the perimeter of the collector 9 at an angle of 30-40 exceeding the inclination angle of the nozzles 10.

The nozzles 10 and 11 are installed in two circles, displaced one relative to the other in the feed direction. Each of the nozzles 10 and 11 has a thread on the outer surface of the head corresponding to the threaded hole on the outer wall of the collector 9 (not shown). The swirlers of each of the nozzles 10 and 11 are a screw channel 12 of rectangular cross section, located

so that it and the outlet of the nozzles 10 or 11 are formed an annular twisting chamber 13, the length of which is regulated by the thickness

gaskets 14, between screw channels

by lam 12 at a distance from one another equal to 0.25-0.50 pitch of the screw channel 12, on the water flow inlet side, radial through holes 15 are located symmetrically to each other, communicating with the air distribution manifold 7 through the axial channel 16 of the nozzles 10 and 11 In the axial channel 16, an air throttle 17 with an orifice is installed on the side of the air-distributing manifold 7 to reduce the speed of the compressed air jet to a minimum relative to the flow rate of water

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closed valve 25. Pipeline 22 supplies compressed air to the distribution manifold 8 with air overpressure above the water pressure of 0.1-0.15 MPa, and pipeline 26.- to the distribution manifold 7 with npesbmie pressure of 0.02- 0.04 MPa. The required mode parameters are set by adjusting elements 24, 29 and 30. The turbulent flow (COLD air captures the processed aerosol with crystallization centers and intensively changing channels 12. In addition, their pneumodros-15 P1ivaGt with surrounding cold air, and individual particles colliding with each other, they freeze in the form of complexes causing the friable structure of the resulting snow cover.

In favorable weather conditions, valve 25 between compressor 21

The mudslides 17 ensure uniform distribution of compressed air to all the nozzles 10 and 11 of the spray device 4. In order to avoid water getting into the air distributor-20 collectors 7 and 8, increasing the water pressure under the pressure of compressed air in the axial channels 16 are installed

and the air collector 23 is fully opened and all the nozzles of the spray device 4 have the compressed air supplied with the air collector 23 fully opened and all the nozzles of the coupling device 4 have compressed air from the return valve consisting of the ball 18 and the spring 19. Slot 20 25 t constant mode. In this case

The house in chamber 6 and the device 4 serve to eject outside air that cools the water and air in the collectors 7.8 and 9.

Maximum plant capacity is achieved.

The generation of ice particles — crystallization centers — was carried out using a pneumatic-hydraulic system 30, but with pneumatic spraying of water. After leaving the dispensers gas puzfki surrounded by water.

It consists of a piston compressor 21 connected by a pipe 22 directly to an air distribution manifold 8, mine

air collector 23. The last subway — 35 ° first to the gas pump to the compressor 21 via the bypass control valve 24 and valve 25. The air distribution manifold 7 is connected to the air collector 23 by pipe 26. The distribution of dispersed water is connected to the pump 9 by pipe 27 communicated with the pump 28 The system also includes adjustment elements 29 and 30 and control manometers45.

adiabatically expanding, can reach a temperature of - 70 ° C. Thanks-

a thin layer of ice spontaneously forms, which then serves as a germ of crystals, mixing in the air stream from the main

31.

The installation works as follows.

After connecting to the sources of electricity and water, turn on the fan 2, which creates a stream of cold air. Turn on the pump 28 and supply water under a pressure of 0.55-0.7 MPa on the water distribution collector 9

50

However, at a water-to-air ratio of CBbmie of 1: 6 and negative ambient temperatures, the nozzles freeze over. To eliminate this drawback, the authors alternate the supply of air and water to centrifugal pneumo-hydraulic nozzles 11c with the frequency of pulsation of the piston compressor 21 "The process of formation of crystallization centers occurs at the moment of air injection when its pressure exceeds the pressure of water over the pressure of 0.1-0, 15 MPa. With decreasing air pressure (the moment of the diffusion device 4). From the intake, the water distribution collector 9 sprays water through the nozzles into the nozzles 10 and 11. After the start of the water spraying, the compressor 21 is turned on

Yes, there is heat, which is quite enough to maintain a positive temperature in the portion of the fins tube. Centrifugal pneumoguide

closed valve 25. Pipeline 22 supplies compressed air to the distribution manifold 8 with air overpressure above the water pressure of 0.1-0.15 MPa, and pipeline 26.- to the distribution manifold 7 with npesbmie pressure of 0.02- 0.04 MPa. The required mode parameters are set by adjusting elements 24, 29, and 30. The turbulent flow (COLD air captures the processed aerosol with crystallization centers and intensive interchange with air collector 23 is fully opened and all the nozzles of the diffuser 4 are constantly compressed. In this case

t constant mode. In this case

Maximum plant capacity is achieved.

The generation of ice particles — crystallization centers — is carried out adiabatically expanding; they can reach a temperature of 70 ° C. Thanks-

  ° first on gazyk puzf-

a thin layer of ice spontaneously forms, which then serves as a germ of crystals, mixing in the air stream from the main

assy dispersed water

However, at a water-to-air ratio of CBbmie of 1: 6 and negative ambient temperatures, the nozzles freeze over. To eliminate this drawback, the authors alternate the supply of air and water to centrifugal pneumo-hydraulic nozzles 11c with the frequency of pulsation of the piston compressor 21 "The process of formation of crystallization centers occurs at the moment of air injection when its pressure exceeds the pressure of water over the pressure of 0.1-0, 15 MPa. With a decrease in air pressure (the moment of intake, heat is enough to maintain a positive temperature in the part of the nozzle. The centrifugal pneumohydraulic nozzles make it possible to obtain a fine spray of water with a small volume ratio between the supplied water and compressed air, for example, 1: 4 (with normal temperature and pressure).

The fine aerosol and crystallization centers are introduced separately into the cold air stream after the conical nozzle, as a result of which intensive abrasive wear of the surface of the mixing chamber in its initial part is excluded. The combination of the mixing chamber and the conical nozzle, according to test data

allows to achieve the highest turbulence of the air flow with optimal dimensions of the mixing chamber J5 NILE, -when these conditions are met, small-atomized spraying with a mass-average median droplet diameter of 100-130 µm can be obtained by supplying water and air to the nozzle

 ry from 1.2 to 1.8 d (where d is the diameter

cylindrical casing) regardless of the 20 volume ratio of 1: 4. Installation

mold-outlet. In addition to the torch injectors along two circumferential, displaced, conical nozzles, thereby removing :. active mixing of particles of a water aerosol with air and the impact of the IC between them.

Centrifugal pneumatichydraulic

one in relation to each other in directing the air flow rate at the feed and at an angle to the axis of both entering the mixing chamber, the ability at which the angle of inclination of the shapes, 25, the backward side of the nozzle exceeds the angle of inclination of the leading front nozzles, prevents dispersed composition, droplets, allows the most uniform distribution of the dispersed liquid injectors work in the mode of preliminaries in a stream of cold air, body gas saturation. Gas bubbles generated by a fan improve for being distributed in a liquid and cause a significant increase in surface energy, i.e. rupture the fluid before it expires. In addition, the 35 angles do not have direct contact gas. The puffs are compressed to pressure in the line and the gas is partially dissolved (in an amount equal to the equilibrium at a given

-.40

heat and mass transfer between liquid particles and cold air. In addition, the nozzles installed under the pressure of the liquid). When the nozzle exits the nozzle, the gas pressure in the bubbles almost instantly triggers to the ambient pressure (pressure in the air flow plume) and the bubbles expand sharply (explode ). The gas dissolved in the liquid begins to desorb (the pressure drops and the equilibrium shifts towards desorption) and the liquid boils. All this complex of phenomena leads to an effective fractionation of the liquid flowing out of the nozzle of the nozzle.

It is known from experiments that the degree of fluid dispersion and the very mode of operation of this type of nozzles is determined by the place where compressed air is injected into the flow of liquid.

With high-speed flow of cold air., they work reliably without freezing even at very low ambient temperatures (up to).

The invention makes it possible to halve the energy consumption for the production of 1 m of artificial snow and to increase the failure-proof factor of the plant operation by 0.21, i.e. increase the reliability of its work.

Claims (2)

1. Installation for producing artificial snow containing a cylindrical housing, a mixing chamber Of elastic hydrophobic material, a spray device with nozzles, means for the supply of water and air, which means that, in order to reduce energy consumption and increase reliability, it is equipped with a conical the nozzle located between the casing and the mixing chamber, the spraying device contains a cylindrical shell, and the means for supplying water and air are made in the form of annular collectors and placed inside the shell, while the nozzles are installed in two circles, displaced one relative to the other in the supply direction and under angle to the axis of the shell, and the angle of inclination of the nozzles of the rear front exceeds that of the inclination of the nozzles of the leading front, 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzles are centrifugal-filled and equipped with pneumatic grips, while the nozzle swirl is a rectangular helical channel with radial through holes located on the side of the water supply at a distance equal to 0.25 - 0.50 pitch of the screw channel., and the air throttle is new in the axial channel of the nozzle. fff 7J srie, 2 f4g  0.8I a. § 0. i 0.2- t- 3 -t11g Air flow, / Afi / f /. FIG. .9 ten Editor K. Voloshchuk Compiled by A.Gorbacheva Tehred L.Oliynyk Order 2408/34 Circulation 475 Subscription VNIIPI USSR State Committee for Inventions and Discoveries 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab., 4/5 Production and printing company, Uzhgorod, st. Project, 4 fig a Proof.C.Cherni