SU12105A1 - Furnace for dry distillation of coal, etc. - Google Patents

Description

When arranging chamber and retort distillation furnaces, to obtain gas and coke from coal and other bituminous materials, the provision of uniform heating along the length and height of the furnace chamber or, respectively, the retort group, the exact direction of movement and distribution of combustible gases, as using nozzles, was achieved. and so on, and by setting, by means of dampers, flue gases (see, for example, German Patent No. 295321). But at the same time, the uniformity of heating of separate groups of chambers or retorts was overlooked.

The present invention aims to achieve an equalization of heating in all parts of the furnace batteries, for which channels covering the entire length of the furnace batteries in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the furnace are located under the furnace overlap. As a result, separate combustible streams come from below S going through regenerators, and from above to equalizing channels passing through. Above the stove overlap, there is only one such equalizing channel going in the direction of the axis of the battery, into which

individual combustible streams or withdrawals from it, checking whether they are currently in communication with longitudinal regenerators that heat the air or gas, or with regenerators that receive waste gases heating inside the regenerators, and inside the upper or upper leveling channels, for design reasons, the upper leveling channel is divided into several separate channels running under the furnace cover, parallel to each other in longitudinal direction battery and connected transverse channels. If there are groups of retorts that are loaded, as is well known, from one of its ends, such a separation of the upper leveling channel can be carried out so far that such a balancing channel will correspond to each combustion flow of the combustible flow, whereas with chamber furnaces it is necessary to conform to different load points ( These types that are in the coating of the furnace and serve to load the furnace chambers, so it cannot be avoided.

Combine certain heating groups to circumvent these feed openings.

In the drawings of FIG. 1 shows a cross section of a retort furnace; FIG. 2 - longitudinal section of the furnace, partly on the retorts, partly on the furnace space; FIG. Za - inclusion scheme when working poor gas; FIG. 36 is the same when working rich in gas; FIG. 4 and 5 are transverse and longitudinal sections of the chamber furnace.

In the base of the furnace are located in the longitudinal direction of the regenerators 10, P, 12 and 13 (Fig. 1 and 2), of which one group serves for a certain period of time, to warm up the gas and air, or air alone, while the other during the same time, it absorbs the heat of the exhaust gases. Approximately half an hour intervals occurs, as is well known, due to a change in the flow of gases, a change in the operation of regenerators. Distribution channels 14, 15, 16 and 17 pass through the distribution of combustible, or, respectively, exhaust gases to individual nozzles 18 located at the bottom of the flue ducts formed by connecting walls 19. Retorts 20.20 are arranged in vertical rows of 5 shtukh one above the other, form a separate group. In order to better wash the fiery gases of the retorts, the distance between the latter is increased against the adopted size so that dead corners could not form.

Combustible gases from regenerators 10 and 11 are driven through channels 16 and 17 and burned at the bottom of each flue stroke, then rise between retorts and through equalization channels 22, regulated by means of dampers 23; gases have the possibility of free heat exchange along the entire length of the batteries and in the direction of the axes of the retorts, thanks to the arrangement of 23 V valves: passing through the channel.

In order to provide this exchange opportunity, in the case when separate groups of retorts are disconnected from work, parallel to the equalization channels 22, the second same system of channels 34 is located above the last furnace overlap. being washed with more hot gases, the channels 22 should be closed with dampers 23, and therefore equalization takes place through the channels 34.

The course of the process, due to the method of switching on channels 14, 15, 16, 17, is proposed as follows. While between any two rows of retorts, the gases rise and burn, they go down in the adjacent channel, the equalization between separate, equally heated groups of channels, the battery can be achieved by the fact that and above a number of retorts.

This is evident from the diagram of FIG. 3, according to which the heating flows of individual chambers or retorts 20 are kinda connected between regenerators 10 and 11, which give off gas and air on the one hand, and equalization channels 22, on the other, or, respectively, between these equalization channels 22 and serving in currently, waste gas scavengers, regenerators 12 and 13. It is possible to conduct air regenerators 11 and 12 along the entire length, so that they will be directly connected to the channels 24 and 25 lying under them to supply air or remove waste gases, while heating gas Teli 10 and 13 that with this object and are arranged at the outer sides, rationally using knees 26 and 27 connect with respective channels 28 and 29. These legs 26 and 27 are provided with the gate valves 31,

allowing the transition from gas preheating to air preheating, when the furnaces are heated with rich gas that does not require reheating. For the possibility of free choice of one or another method of heating, i.e. rich or poor in gas, for individual groups of retorts or chambers, regenerators 10 and 13 for heating gas are subdivided by transverse walls 32, so that the lower equalization occurs only in regenerators for heating air 11 and 12.

With chamber furnaces, according to FIG. 4 and 5, the heating method of which is the same as with the retort furnaces, in FIG. 1 and 2, the second system of equalization channels 34 is made unnecessary, since in this case, by closing channels 35, with dampers 36, it is possible to disconnect individual heat fluxes from work without interruption in the upper system of equalization channels.

The subject of the patent.

1. Furnace for dry distillation of coal and other bituminous materials with regenerators for air and lean gas located along the axis of the battery, characterized in that a large number of channels 22 are arranged above the chambers or retorts, passing through the length of the battery and the regenerators 10, 11, 12, 13 or ONLY with the heated by the regenerators 11, which are intended to be heated with the air, equalize the heating in all parts of the battery.

2. The form of the furnace, referred to in paragraph 1, characterized with the use of dampers 23 in the channels 22 (Fig. 2).

3. Change of furnace, mentioned in p. 1 and 2, characterized in that the second system of equalization channels 34 is arranged above the equalization channels 22.